CN111264471A - Method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebee - Google Patents
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- CN111264471A CN111264471A CN202010061694.5A CN202010061694A CN111264471A CN 111264471 A CN111264471 A CN 111264471A CN 202010061694 A CN202010061694 A CN 202010061694A CN 111264471 A CN111264471 A CN 111264471A
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the overwintering survival rate of bumblebees, which comprises the following steps: 1) mating virgin queen bees: putting the Virgo queen in a mating cage to mate with the male bees; 2) feeding before overwintering: transferring mated queen bee into fumigated beehive, feeding at 26-30 deg.C and relative humidity of 50-70% for 1-2 weeks, and changing feed every day; 3) dormancy of queen bees: gradually reducing the temperature in the beehive to 2-5 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1-2 ℃/day, and enabling the queen bee to enter a dormant state; 4) and (3) feeding after overwintering: when the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃ or before the flowering period of crops in the greenhouse, gradually raising the temperature in the beehive to 26-30 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-2 ℃/day, feeding, and replacing the feed every day to nest and lay eggs for queen bees and establish new bee colonies. The method can improve the overwintering survival rate and the colonization rate of the bumblebees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bumblebee breeding, in particular to a method for improving the overwintering survival rate of bumblebees.
Background
Bumblebee is an insect belonging to the genus of hymenoptera, the family of Apidae and the genus of bumblebee, and is an important pollinator for various plants, especially for leguminous and solanaceae plants.
The bumblebee queen usually leaves the original bee colony in autumn and enters dormancy, revives after being warmed up in the next 5 months, builds a nest and spawns, and establishes a new bee colony. However, due to the influence of various factors such as the dormancy environment and the resistance of the bumblebee queen, the overwintering survival rate of the bumblebee is low, so that the annual colony establishment amount is low, and the artificial breeding pollination requirement cannot be met.
Therefore, how to improve the overwintering survival rate of the bumblebee is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for improving the overwintering survival rate of bumblebees, and the method has important value for artificial breeding of bumblebees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebee comprises the following steps:
1) virgin queen mating
Putting the Virgo queen in a mating cage to mate with the male bees;
2) feeding before overwintering
Transferring mated queen bee into fumigated beehive, feeding at 26-30 deg.C and relative humidity of 50-70% for 1-2 weeks, and changing feed every day;
3) queen bee dormancy
Gradually reducing the temperature in the beehive to 2-5 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1-2 ℃/day, and enabling the queen bee to enter a dormant state;
4) feeding after overwintering
When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃ or before the flowering period of crops in the greenhouse, gradually raising the temperature in the beehive to 26-30 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-2 ℃/day, feeding, and replacing the feed every day to nest and lay eggs for queen bees and establish new bee colonies.
The queen bee dormancy is advanced and artificially raised, so that the low-temperature resistance of the queen bee can be improved. The temperature is gradually changed within 2-3 weeks to complete the dormancy and the resuscitation, so that the adaptability of the queen bee is enhanced.
Further, replacing the feed in the step 2) and the step 4) every day, wherein the feed is preferably slightly remained every day; ensuring sufficient nutrient storage of queen bees.
Preferably, the beehive is cleaned before the step 2) is transferred to the queen bee, and the beehive is used after fumigating for 3-5h by using traditional Chinese medicines, ventilating for 2-3 days and drying.
The Chinese medicine fumigation can reduce the disease infection probability of the overwintering queen bee.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of acanthopanax, 20-30 parts of mint, 20-30 parts of honeysuckle, 20-30 parts of liquorice, 5-10 parts of houttuynia cordata and 5-10 parts of purslane;
when in use, the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are weighed, mixed and added with water with the weight of 8-12 times, and heated for 3-5 h; during heating, the beehive is suspended in Chinese medicinal steam for fumigation.
Preferably, after the beehive is fumigated and dried, dry filter paper is filled in the beehive, and then the beehive is transferred to a queen bee;
and (3) replacing the filter paper every day during the steps 2) and 3) until the queen bee does not eat any more, stopping replacing the filter paper and stopping feeding the feed.
The use of the filter paper facilitates the cleaning of the beehive.
Preferably, the feed comprises dry feed and wet feed:
the dry feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pollen, 10-20 parts of honey and 10-20 parts of pollen fermentation liquor;
the wet feed is prepared by adding sucrose or Mel into pollen fermentation broth; the amount of sucrose or honey is 20-30% of the weight of the pollen fermentation liquor;
the pollen fermentation liquid is prepared by mixing glucose, rape pollen, Poria powder, radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi powder, Mel and water as fermentation matrix, inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermenting, and diluting.
Rape pollen, tuckahoe powder, acanthopanax powder and honey are fermented by lactobacillus plantarum and baker's yeast, so that the effective ingredients in the medicine and the nutrient ingredients in the pollen are more suitable for being absorbed by the bumblebees, and the low-temperature resistance of the bumblebees is further enhanced.
Preferably, the preparation method of the pollen fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermentation substrate of the pollen fermentation liquor;
the fermentation substrate of the pollen fermentation liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of glucose, 20-30 parts of rape pollen, 10-20 parts of tuckahoe powder, 5-10 parts of acanthopanax powder, 5-10 parts of honey and 300 parts of water 200, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0;
(2) mixing lactobacillus plantarum powder and baker's yeast powder according to the weight ratio of (1-1.5) to 1, and inoculating 5-10% of inoculation amount into a fermentation substrate;
(3) fermenting at 28 deg.C for 36-48h after inoculation;
(4) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to obtain the pollen fermentation liquor.
Preferably, the dry feed is prepared using a pollen fermentation broth:
1) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to make viable count of pollen fermentation liquid 1 × 107-1×109CFU/mL；
2) Weighing pollen, honey and pollen fermentation liquor according to a proportion for later use;
3) soaking pollen in 50-60 deg.C water for 1-2 hr, and filtering to remove water;
4) mixing the soaked pollen with honey and pollen fermentation liquor to form a dough, and preparing the dry feed.
The pollen is soaked in warm water in advance, so that the ingestion and digestion of the bumblebee are facilitated.
Preferably, the wet feed is prepared using a pollen fermentation broth:
1) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to make viable count of pollen fermentation liquid 1 × 107-1×109CFU/mL；
2) Weighing sucrose or Mel in proportion, adding pollen fermentation broth, and mixing to obtain wet feed.
Preferably, 1 worker bee is fed into the beehive during the feeding period in the step 2), observation is carried out every day, and if the worker bee behavior is abnormal, a new worker bee is replaced;
taking out worker bee when the temperature in the box is reduced to 12-15 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the overwintering time of the bumblebee queens is controlled through the temperature, the overwintering survival rate is improved through manual feeding before and after the overwintering, and therefore the overwintering queens can be guaranteed to effectively lay eggs and establish new bee colonies.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebee comprises the following steps:
1. virgin queen mating
Placing sexually mature virgin queen bees into a mating cage, and placing 1-2 male bees for mating;
2. beehive for overwintering
Preparing a beehive for overwintering (a plurality of independent beehives can be adopted, or a beehive with a plurality of independent units is used, the units are mutually isolated, and each unit is provided with a ventilation opening, a feeding opening and the like) and cleaning.
Weighing the following raw materials: the preparation method comprises the following steps of mixing 35g of acanthopanax, 25g of mint, 25g of honeysuckle, 25g of liquorice, 8g of houttuynia cordata and 8g of purslane, crushing, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, adding 1200g of water, heating and extracting for 4 hours, and suspending a beehive in traditional Chinese medicine steam for fumigation in the heating process.
Ventilating the beehive for 3 days after the fumigation is finished, drying, filling dry filter paper in the beehive, and placing the beehive in an indoor environment with the temperature of 28 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60 percent. The rest Chinese medicinal extractive solution can be used for treating affected bumble bees.
3. Feeding before overwintering
Transferring the mated queen bees into a beehive (or a unit of a large beehive), and sending the queen bees into 1 worker bee (namely 1 queen bee is matched with 1 worker bee, so that the queen bees are convenient to adapt to the environment); putting dry feed and wet feed every day, and replacing filter paper; the queen bee and worker bee can eat the feed freely, and the feed is preferably slightly remained every day. Worker bees are observed every day, and if abnormality (slow movement, no eating, etc.) occurs, new worker bees are replaced.
The dry feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of rape pollen, 15 parts of honey and 15 parts of pollen fermentation liquor.
The preparation method of the dry feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of pollen fermentation broth I
1) Fermentation substrate for preparing pollen fermentation liquor I
Weighing 25g of glucose, 25g of rape pollen, 15g of tuckahoe powder, 8g of acanthopanax powder, 7g of honey and 250g of water. Mixing the above materials, adjusting pH to 6.5, packaging, and sterilizing at 115 deg.C for 20 min.
2) Inoculation of
Mixing lactobacillus plantarum powder (sold in the market, the number of viable bacteria is 50 hundred million/g) and baker's yeast powder (sold in the market, the number of viable bacteria is 50 hundred million/g) according to the weight ratio of 1.2: 1, and inoculating 8% of inoculation amount into a fermentation substrate.
3) Fermentation of
After inoculation, the cells were incubated at 28 ℃ for 40h at 110 rpm.
4) Diluting to prepare pollen fermentation liquor
Diluting the fermentation product with sterile water after fermentation to obtain pollen fermentation broth with viable count of about 1 × 108CFU/mL。
(2) Respectively weighing rape pollen, honey and pollen fermentation liquor I according to the weight ratio of 14: 3 for later use;
(3) rape pollen treatment
Soaking rape pollen in 60 deg.C water for 1.5h, and filtering to remove water;
(4) preparation of dry feed
Mixing the soaked rape pollen with honey and pollen fermentation liquor to form a dough, and preparing the dry feed.
The preparation method of the wet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of pollen fermentation broth 2
Diluting pollen fermentation liquid to obtain viable bacteria number of about 1 × 107CFU/mL pollen fermentation broth II.
(2) And adding sucrose into the second pollen fermentation broth according to the proportion of 30 percent of the second pollen fermentation broth by weight, and uniformly mixing to prepare the wet feed.
4. Queen bee dormancy
Feeding for 10 days, gradually reducing the temperature in the beehive to 4 ℃ at the cooling rate of 2 ℃/day, and keeping the temperature at 4 ℃ to enable the queen bees to enter a dormant state.
During the cooling process, dry feed and wet feed are added every day, the feed adding amount is gradually reduced, and the small amount of the feed is preferably remained every day; the filter paper is changed every day until the queen bee can not eat any more, the filter paper is stopped being changed and the feed is stopped being put into.
Observing worker bee behaviors every day in the cooling process, and if abnormality (slow action, no eating or the like) occurs, replacing new worker bees; and taking out the worker bees when the temperature in the box is reduced to 14 ℃.
5. Feeding after overwintering
When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃ or before the flowering period of crops in the greenhouse, the temperature in the beehive is gradually increased to 28 ℃ at the rate of 2 ℃/day. Dry feed and wet feed are added from the day of the queen bee movement, the queen bee takes food freely, the feed is changed every day, the feed addition amount is preferably slightly surplus every day, so that the queen bee nests and spawns to establish a new bee colony.
Example 2
The experiment of overwintering of the panda was carried out using the method of example 1, and a control group was set up:
control group 1: the feed was replaced with rape pollen and 40% sucrose solution, and the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Control group 2: feeding for 10 days before overwintering, taking out worker bees, directly reducing the temperature to 4 ℃, and entering dormancy; when resuscitation is required, the temperature is directly raised to 14 ℃, and then raised to 28 ℃ after 1 day, and the rest steps are the same as example 1.
After the recovery, the queen bees are continuously fed and observed, and the experimental results of the queen bee dormancy survival rate (the number of successfully recovered queen bees/the number of dormant queen bees) and the colony building rate (the number of normal spawning colony-building queen bees/the number of dormant queen bees after the recovery) are counted and shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Survival rate of dormancy | Rate of colonization |
| Experimental group | 96.15％ | 94.23％ |
| Control group 1 | 80.76％ | 69.23％ |
| Control group 2 | 63.46％ | 53.65％ |
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) virgin queen mating
Putting the Virgo queen in a mating cage to mate with the male bees;
2) feeding before overwintering
Transferring mated queen bee into fumigated beehive, feeding at 26-30 deg.C and relative humidity of 50-70% for 1-2 weeks, and changing feed every day;
3) queen bee dormancy
Gradually reducing the temperature in the beehive to 2-5 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1-2 ℃/day, and enabling the queen bee to enter a dormant state;
4) feeding after overwintering
When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃ or before the flowering period of crops in the greenhouse, gradually raising the temperature in the beehive to 26-30 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-2 ℃/day, feeding, and replacing the feed every day to nest and lay eggs for queen bees and establish new bee colonies.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,
cleaning the beehive before transferring to the queen bee, fumigating with traditional Chinese medicines for 3-5h, ventilating for 2-3 days, and air drying.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee in winter is increased,
the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of acanthopanax, 20-30 parts of mint, 20-30 parts of honeysuckle, 20-30 parts of liquorice, 5-10 parts of houttuynia cordata and 5-10 parts of purslane;
when in use, the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are weighed, mixed and added with water with the weight of 8-12 times, and heated for 3-5 h; during heating, the beehive is suspended in Chinese medicinal steam for fumigation.
4. The method for preparing bumblebee products with improved survival rate during overwintering as claimed in claim 3,
fumigating and drying beehives, filling dry filter paper in the beehives, and then transferring the beehives into a queen bee;
and (3) replacing the filter paper every day during the steps 2) and 3) until the queen bee does not eat any more, stopping replacing the filter paper and stopping feeding the feed.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,
the feed comprises dry feed and wet feed:
the dry feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pollen, 10-20 parts of honey and 10-20 parts of pollen fermentation liquor;
the wet feed is prepared by adding cane sugar or honey into pollen fermentation liquor; the amount of the cane sugar or the honey is 20-30% of the weight of the pollen fermentation liquor;
the pollen fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing glucose, rape pollen, tuckahoe powder, acanthopanax powder, honey and water as a fermentation substrate, inoculating lactobacillus plantarum and baker's yeast, fermenting and diluting.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,
the preparation method of the pollen fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermentation substrate of the pollen fermentation liquor;
the fermentation substrate of the pollen fermentation liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of glucose, 20-30 parts of rape pollen, 10-20 parts of tuckahoe powder, 5-10 parts of acanthopanax powder, 5-10 parts of honey and 300 parts of water 200, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0;
(2) mixing lactobacillus plantarum powder and baker's yeast powder according to the weight ratio of (1-1.5) to 1, and inoculating 5-10% of inoculation amount into a fermentation substrate;
(3) fermenting at 28 deg.C for 36-48h after inoculation;
(4) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to obtain the pollen fermentation liquor.
7. The method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebee according to claim 6, wherein the dry feed prepared by using pollen fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:
1) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to make viable count of pollen fermentation liquid 1 × 107-1×109CFU/mL；
2) Weighing pollen, honey and pollen fermentation liquor according to a proportion for later use;
3) soaking pollen in 50-60 deg.C water for 1-2 hr, and filtering to remove water;
4) mixing the soaked pollen with honey and pollen fermentation liquor to form a dough, and preparing the dry feed.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,
preparing wet feed by using pollen fermentation liquor:
1) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to make viable count of pollen fermentation liquid 1 × 107-1×109CFU/mL；
2) Weighing sucrose or Mel in proportion, adding pollen fermentation broth, and mixing to obtain wet feed.
9. The method for preparing bumblebee products with improved survival rate during overwintering as claimed in claim 1,
step 2) feeding 1 worker bee into the beehive during feeding, observing every day, and replacing a new worker bee if the worker bee behavior is abnormal;
taking out worker bee when the temperature in the box is reduced to 12-15 ℃.
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