CN111264471A - Method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebee - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of bumblebees overwintering, comprising the following steps: 1) mating with a virgin queen bee: placing the virgin queen bee in a mating cage to make it mate with a drone; 2) feeding before overwintering: transferring the mated queen bee into In the fumigated beehives, feed at 26‑30°C and relative humidity of 50‑70% for 1‑2 weeks, and change the feed daily; 3) Queen bee dormancy: gradually reduce the temperature in the beehive to 2 at a cooling rate of 1‑2°C/day ‑5℃ to make the queen bee go dormant; 4) Feeding after overwintering: When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15℃ or before the crops bloom in the greenhouse, gradually increase the temperature in the beehive to 26‑30℃ at a heating rate of 1‑2℃/day , and feed, and change the feed every day, so that the queen bee builds nests and lays eggs and establishes new bee colonies. The method of the invention can improve the survival rate and colonization rate of bumblebees during winter.

Description

A method to improve the survival rate of bumblebees overwintering

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of bumblebee breeding, and more particularly to a method for improving the survival rate of bumblebees over wintering.

Background technique

Bumblebees are insects of the order Hymenoptera, Apiaceae and Bumblebee, and are important pollinators of many plants, especially legumes and nightshades.

The queen bumblebee usually leaves the original colony to go dormant in the fall, and then wakes up when the weather warms up in May of the following year, builds a nest and lays eggs, and establishes a new colony. However, due to the influence of many factors such as the dormant environment and the queen bumblebee's own resistance, the survival rate of bumblebees over winter is low, which leads to a low annual colony formation and cannot meet the needs of artificial breeding and pollination.

Therefore, how to improve the survival rate of bumblebees overwintering is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a method for improving the survival rate of bumblebees overwintering, which has important value for the artificial breeding of bumblebees.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for improving the survival rate of bumblebees overwintering, comprising the following steps:

1) Virgin queen bee mating

Place virgin queen bees in a mating cage to mate with drones;

2) Feed before wintering

After mating, the queen bee is moved into a fumigated beehive, fed at 26-30°C and relative humidity of 50-70% for 1-2 weeks, and the feed is changed daily;

3) The queen bee is dormant

Gradually reduce the temperature in the beehive to 2-5°C at a cooling rate of 1-2°C/day, so that the queen bee enters a dormant state;

4) Feeding after overwintering

When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15°C or before the flowering period of crops in the greenhouse, gradually increase the temperature in the beehive to 26-30°C at a heating rate of 1-2°C/day, and feed them. Eggs to form new colonies.

Artificial rearing of the queen bee before dormancy can improve the queen bee's resistance to low temperature. Entering dormancy and re-recovery are gradually completed within 2-3 weeks to enhance the queen bee's adaptability.

Further, in steps 2) and 4), the feed is replaced every day, and the feed input amount is preferably a little surplus every day; it is ensured that the queen bee nutrient storage is sufficient.

Preferably, in step 2), before moving into the queen bee, the beehive is cleaned up, and is fumigated with traditional Chinese medicine for 3-5 hours, and used after being air-dried for 2-3 days.

Chinese herbal fumigation can reduce the chance of overwintering queen bees getting sick.

Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30-40 parts of Acanthopanax senticosus, 20-30 parts of mint, 20-30 parts of honeysuckle, 20-30 parts of licorice, 5-10 parts of Houttuynia cordata and 5-10 parts of purslane;

When using, weigh the raw materials of each flavor of traditional Chinese medicine, add 8-12 times the weight of water after mixing, and heat for 3-5 hours; during the heating process, the beehive is suspended in the steam of traditional Chinese medicine for fumigation.

Preferably, after the beehive is fumigated and air-dried, dry filter paper is placed in the box, and then moved into the queen bee;

During steps 2) and 3), the filter paper was replaced every day until the queen bee stopped eating, and the filter paper was stopped and the feed was stopped.

The use of filter paper facilitates the cleaning of the beehive.

Preferably, the feed comprises dry and wet feed:

The dry feed is calculated in parts by weight, including the following raw materials: 70-80 parts of pollen, 10-20 parts of honey and 10-20 parts of pollen fermentation broth;

The wet feed is prepared by adding sucrose or honey to the pollen fermented liquid; the amount of sucrose or honey is 20-30% of the weight of the pollen fermented liquid;

The pollen fermentation broth is prepared by mixing glucose, rape pollen, Poria powder, Acanthopanax senticosus powder, honey and water as fermentation substrate, inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and baker's yeast after fermentation.

The rape pollen, Poria powder, Acanthopanax senticosus powder and honey are fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and baker's yeast, so that the active ingredients in the medicine and the nutrients in the pollen are more suitable for the bumblebee to absorb, thereby enhancing the bumblebee's resistance to low temperature.

Preferably, the preparation steps of pollen fermentation broth are as follows:

(1) configure the fermentation substrate of pollen fermentation broth;

The fermentation substrate of pollen fermentation broth is measured in parts by weight, including:

20-30 parts of glucose, 20-30 parts of rape pollen, 10-20 parts of Poria powder, 5-10 parts of Acanthopanax senticosus powder, 5-10 parts of honey and 200-300 parts of water, pH6.0-7.0;

(2) mix the Lactobacillus plantarum powder and the baker's yeast powder according to (1-1.5): 1 weight ratio, and insert the fermentation matrix with 5-10% inoculum;

(3) Fermentation at 28°C for 36-48h after inoculation;

(4) pollen fermentation broth obtained by diluting the fermentation product after the fermentation.

Preferably, dry feed is prepared using pollen fermentation broth:

1) Dilute the fermentation product after the fermentation, so that the number of viable bacteria in the prepared pollen fermentation broth is 1×10 ⁷ -1×10 ⁹ CFU/mL;

2) take pollen, honey and pollen fermentation liquid in proportion, for subsequent use;

3) Use 50-60 ℃ water to soak the pollen for 1-2 hours, and filter out the water;

4) Mix the soaked pollen with honey and pollen fermentation liquid to form a mass to prepare dry feed.

The pollen is soaked in warm water in advance, which is more conducive to the bumblebee's food and digestion.

Preferably, the wet feed is prepared using pollen fermentation broth:

1) Dilute the fermentation product after the fermentation, so that the number of viable bacteria in the prepared pollen fermentation broth is 1×10 ⁷ -1×10 ⁹ CFU/mL;

2) Weigh sucrose or honey in proportion, add pollen fermentation broth, and mix evenly to prepare wet feed.

Preferably, in step 2) during feeding, one worker bee is fed into the beehive, and the worker bee is observed every day. If the worker bee behaves abnormally, replace it with a new worker bee;

When the temperature in the box dropped to 12-15°C, the worker bees were taken out.

As can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention controls the overwintering time of the bumblebee queen bee by temperature, and improves the overwintering survival rate through artificial feeding before and after overwintering, thereby ensuring that the overwintering queen bee can effectively lay eggs and establish a new bee colony. .

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for improving the survival rate of bumblebees overwintering, comprising the following steps:

1. Virgin Queen Mating

The sexually mature virgin queen bee is placed in the mating cage, and 1-2 drones are placed for mating;

2. Prepare beehives for overwintering

Prepare beehives for overwintering (multiple independent small beehives can be used; or use beehives with multiple independent units, each unit is isolated from each other, and each unit has vents, feeding ports, etc.), and clean it up.

Weigh the following raw materials: 35 g of Acanthopanax senticosus, 25 g of mint, 25 g of honeysuckle, 25 g of licorice, 8 g of Houttuynia cordata and 8 g of purslane, mixed and crushed through a 10-mesh sieve, added with 1200 g of water, heated and extracted for 4 hours, and the beehives were removed during the heating process. Suspended in the steam of traditional Chinese medicine for fumigation.

After the fumigation, the beehives were ventilated for 3 days, air-dried, and dry filter paper was placed in the box, and placed in an indoor environment of 28° C. and a relative humidity of 60%. The remaining traditional Chinese medicine extract can be used for the treatment of infected bumblebees.

3. Feeding before wintering

Move the mated queen bee into the beehive (or the unit of the large beehive), and send 1 worker bee (that is, 1 queen bee matches 1 worker bee, which is convenient for the queen bee to adapt to the environment); put dry feed and wet feed daily, and replace the filter paper; The queen bee and worker bees eat freely, and the amount of feed input should be a little surplus every day. Observe the behavior of worker bees every day, and replace with new worker bees if there is any abnormality (slow action, no feeding, etc.).

The dry feed, measured in parts by weight, includes the following raw materials: 70 parts of rape pollen, 15 parts of honey and 15 parts of pollen fermentation broth.

The dry feed is prepared as follows:

(1) Preparation of pollen fermentation broth one

1) Configure the fermentation substrate of pollen fermentation broth one

Weigh 25 g of glucose, 25 g of rape pollen, 15 g of Poria powder, 8 g of Acanthopanax senticosus powder, 7 g of honey and 250 g of water. The above raw materials were mixed, adjusted to pH 6.5, packaged, and sterilized at 115 °C for 20 min.

2) Inoculation

Lactobacillus plantarum powder (commercially available, Xi'an Fengle, viable count of 5 billion/g) and baker's yeast powder (commercially available, Angel yeast) were mixed according to a weight ratio of 1.2:1, and the inoculation amount was 8%. Fermentation substrate.

3) Fermentation

After inoculation, the cells were incubated at 28°C and 110rpm for 40h.

4) Dilute to prepare pollen fermentation broth one

After the fermentation, the fermentation product was diluted with sterile water, so that the number of viable bacteria in the prepared pollen fermentation broth 1 was about 1×10 ⁸ CFU/mL.

(2) respectively take by weight rape pollen, honey and pollen fermentation liquid one according to weight ratio 14: 3: 3, for subsequent use;

(3) Rape pollen treatment

After soaking rape pollen in 60℃ water for 1.5h, filter out the water;

(4) Preparation of dry feed

The soaked rape pollen is mixed with honey and pollen fermentation liquid to form a mass to prepare dry feed.

The wet feed is prepared as follows:

(1) Preparation of pollen fermentation broth II

The pollen fermentation broth 1 was diluted to obtain the pollen fermentation broth 2 with a viable count of about 1×10 ⁷ CFU/mL.

(2) adding sucrose to the second pollen fermentation liquid according to 30% of the weight of the second pollen fermentation liquid, and mixing evenly to prepare wet feed.

4. Queen Bee Dormancy

After feeding for 10 days, the temperature in the beehive was gradually lowered to 4°C at a cooling rate of 2°C/day, and the queen bee entered a dormant state by maintaining 4°C.

During the cooling process, dry feed and wet feed were put in every day, and the amount of feed was gradually reduced, with a slight surplus every day.

During the cooling process, the behavior of worker bees was observed every day. If there was any abnormality (sluggish action, no feeding, etc.), new worker bees were replaced; when the temperature in the box dropped to 14°C, the worker bees were taken out.

5. Feeding after overwintering

When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15°C or before the crops bloom in the greenhouse, the temperature in the beehive is gradually increased to 28°C at a heating rate of 2°C/day. From the day of the queen bee's action, dry feed and wet feed are put in, the queen bee eats freely, and the feed is changed every day.

Example 2

Use the method of Example 1 to carry out the Bumblebee overwintering experiment, and set up a control group:

Control group 1: the feed was replaced with rape pollen and 40% sucrose water, and the remaining steps were the same as those in Example 1.

Control group 2: feed for 10 days before overwintering, take out worker bees, directly lower the temperature to 4°C, and enter dormancy; directly raise the temperature to 14°C when it needs to be resuscitated, and then rise to 28°C after 1 day, the remaining steps are the same as in the embodiment 1.

After resuscitation, feeding was continued and observed, and the experimental results of the dormant survival rate of queen bees (the number of successfully resuscitated queen bees/the number of dormant queen bees) and the colonization rate (the number of normal spawning colony queen bees/the number of dormant queen bees after resuscitation) are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

group dormancy survival rate group formation rate test group 96.15% 94.23% control group 1 80.76% 69.23% control group 2 63.46% 53.65%

The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. A method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) virgin queen mating

Putting the Virgo queen in a mating cage to mate with the male bees;

2) feeding before overwintering

Transferring mated queen bee into fumigated beehive, feeding at 26-30 deg.C and relative humidity of 50-70% for 1-2 weeks, and changing feed every day;

3) queen bee dormancy

Gradually reducing the temperature in the beehive to 2-5 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1-2 ℃/day, and enabling the queen bee to enter a dormant state;

4) feeding after overwintering

When the outdoor temperature is higher than 15 ℃ or before the flowering period of crops in the greenhouse, gradually raising the temperature in the beehive to 26-30 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-2 ℃/day, feeding, and replacing the feed every day to nest and lay eggs for queen bees and establish new bee colonies.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,

cleaning the beehive before transferring to the queen bee, fumigating with traditional Chinese medicines for 3-5h, ventilating for 2-3 days, and air drying.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee in winter is increased,

the traditional Chinese medicine comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

30-40 parts of acanthopanax, 20-30 parts of mint, 20-30 parts of honeysuckle, 20-30 parts of liquorice, 5-10 parts of houttuynia cordata and 5-10 parts of purslane;

when in use, the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are weighed, mixed and added with water with the weight of 8-12 times, and heated for 3-5 h; during heating, the beehive is suspended in Chinese medicinal steam for fumigation.

4. The method for preparing bumblebee products with improved survival rate during overwintering as claimed in claim 3,

fumigating and drying beehives, filling dry filter paper in the beehives, and then transferring the beehives into a queen bee;

and (3) replacing the filter paper every day during the steps 2) and 3) until the queen bee does not eat any more, stopping replacing the filter paper and stopping feeding the feed.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,

the feed comprises dry feed and wet feed:

the dry feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of pollen, 10-20 parts of honey and 10-20 parts of pollen fermentation liquor;

the wet feed is prepared by adding cane sugar or honey into pollen fermentation liquor; the amount of the cane sugar or the honey is 20-30% of the weight of the pollen fermentation liquor;

the pollen fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing glucose, rape pollen, tuckahoe powder, acanthopanax powder, honey and water as a fermentation substrate, inoculating lactobacillus plantarum and baker's yeast, fermenting and diluting.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,

the preparation method of the pollen fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a fermentation substrate of the pollen fermentation liquor;

the fermentation substrate of the pollen fermentation liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight:

20-30 parts of glucose, 20-30 parts of rape pollen, 10-20 parts of tuckahoe powder, 5-10 parts of acanthopanax powder, 5-10 parts of honey and 300 parts of water 200, and the pH value is 6.0-7.0;

(2) mixing lactobacillus plantarum powder and baker's yeast powder according to the weight ratio of (1-1.5) to 1, and inoculating 5-10% of inoculation amount into a fermentation substrate;

(3) fermenting at 28 deg.C for 36-48h after inoculation;

(4) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to obtain the pollen fermentation liquor.

7. The method for improving overwintering survival rate of bumblebee according to claim 6, wherein the dry feed prepared by using pollen fermentation liquor comprises the following steps:

1) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to make viable count of pollen fermentation liquid 1 × 10⁷-1×10⁹CFU/mL；

2) Weighing pollen, honey and pollen fermentation liquor according to a proportion for later use;

3) soaking pollen in 50-60 deg.C water for 1-2 hr, and filtering to remove water;

4) mixing the soaked pollen with honey and pollen fermentation liquor to form a dough, and preparing the dry feed.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the survival rate of bumblebee during overwintering is increased,

preparing wet feed by using pollen fermentation liquor:

1) diluting the fermentation product after fermentation to make viable count of pollen fermentation liquid 1 × 10⁷-1×10⁹CFU/mL；

2) Weighing sucrose or Mel in proportion, adding pollen fermentation broth, and mixing to obtain wet feed.

9. The method for preparing bumblebee products with improved survival rate during overwintering as claimed in claim 1,

step 2) feeding 1 worker bee into the beehive during feeding, observing every day, and replacing a new worker bee if the worker bee behavior is abnormal;

taking out worker bee when the temperature in the box is reduced to 12-15 ℃.