CN1112481A - 制备发泡合成材料的方法及设备 - Google Patents

制备发泡合成材料的方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1112481A
CN1112481A CN95103596A CN95103596A CN1112481A CN 1112481 A CN1112481 A CN 1112481A CN 95103596 A CN95103596 A CN 95103596A CN 95103596 A CN95103596 A CN 95103596A CN 1112481 A CN1112481 A CN 1112481A
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extruder
synthetic material
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于尔根·基勒特
艾尔费雷德·诺哥塞科
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Rieter Automatik GmbH
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    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • B29C48/767—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
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Abstract

本发明涉及用挤压机由如聚苯乙烯制备发泡合 成材料的方法，在挤压机的进口处喂入合成材料，用 加气口将液态发泡气体，如戊烷，在压力下导入合成 材料，通过后面的挤压机区，均化有发泡气体的合成 材料，为处理可再利用的合成材料泡沫体，将它以碎 片状导入挤压机，在加气口前通过脱气口将合成泡沫 体中所含气体排出，在脱气口区合成材料呈松软态， 脱气和加气是在相互隔开一定距离进行的，以使供入 加气口的发泡气体不能逆着合成材料流而到达脱气 口的区。

Description

本发明涉及通过挤压机由例如聚苯乙烯制备发泡合成材料的方法和设备，在该挤压机的进口处喂入合成材料，利用加气口将液体状态的发泡气体，例如戊烷，在保持该发泡气体处于液态的压力下导入该合成材料中，由此通过后面的挤压机区域，将带有发泡气体的合成材料均化。随后可以将该合成材料直接加工成发泡材料部件。
通过在后面的挤压机区域中使合成材料进行冷却，可以使含有（溶解了）发泡气体的合成材料从后面的挤压机区域作为处理过的材料而排出，随后通过加热将其转化成合成材料泡沫体，这是因为通过加热可以使发泡气体从该合成材料中排出。
该挤压机可以是一种组合单元，大都采用已知的螺旋挤压机而用于挤出工艺，另外，它还可用于捏和工艺，因此螺旋挤压机通常配有捏和元件。
由DE-AS 1261660已知利用连续管状挤出法制备合成材料发泡产品的方法是通过保持在高压下使用液态的戊烷作为发泡气体，离开压出物后，该发泡气体由引起压力释放的该管状挤出喷嘴气化，从而使该挤出物在低压或大气压力区域发泡。因此，为了阻止在管状挤出过程中发泡，在管状挤出过程中，在发泡气体供应口和管状挤出喷嘴之间设置了冷却区。
由DE 2656484 C2也知道利用挤出法来处理可再次利用的合成泡沫废料，这种废料以碎片形式供入挤压机，在该挤压机中它们被压实、熔化、通过脱气口而脱气，并且在压力下由此压出。另外，由DE 2130562 B2可以知道通过向发泡材料中加入液态或气态发泡气体而处理碎片状废料，以处理合成材料废料，例如聚苯乙烯。
本发明是基于指出一种适用于处理可再利用的合成材料泡沫体的方法及设备的目的。通过向该挤压机中供入碎片状的可再利用的合成材料泡沫体，在进入加气口之前通过脱气口从中排出气体，因而脱气要在远离挤压机进口的地方进行，以致使该合成材料在脱气口区域至少已达到松软状态，而脱气和加气彼此要隔开一定距离进行，以致使供入加气口的发泡气体不能逆着该合成材料流而到达脱气口的区域。
由此可以使碎片状的可再利用的合成材料泡沫体可以释放出其中所含的气体，为此，有关的合成材料必须至少达到松软状态。包含在可再利用的合成材料泡沫体中的气体基本上是空气，它可能含有水分，而水分必须在处理合成材料之前就除去。供入发泡气体的加气口在挤压机中与脱气口的距离应使得通过加气口所供入的发泡气体不能逆着合成材料流而到达脱气口区域，因此它必须与或多或少的熔化的合成材料混合并溶于其中，这样可以获得纯净的含有发泡气体的合成材料，以用于进一步处理。
该进一步处理也可以直接进行，但也可以在挤压机后面的区域中进行冷却，由此，对于制成的合成材料的迟后发泡，后面的挤压机区域可以除去，然后按上述方式由此制备所需的发泡材料。
用于实施上述方法的设备有目的地设计，要使脱气口安置在该挤压机的输送方向的挤压机进口的后面，然后隔开一定距离是加气口，由此，脱气口和加气口之间的距离选择成要使挤压机中合成材料流保持发泡气体远离脱气口。因此，脱气口安排在紧靠挤压机进口后面的位置，与之相反，加气口安排在紧靠后面的挤压机区域，在该区域中带有发泡气体的合成材料进行均化。
在脱气口和加气口之间可以适当地设置另一个开口以用于供入添加材料。这些添加材料可用于以任何合适的方式改变该合成材料的性能。
用于均化及冷却（如果需要）目的的挤压机区域可以作为一个独立的挤压机，它位于配有加气口和脱气口的挤压机之后。这特别适用于有较大的合成材料产量的情况。
附图说明本发明的实施方案。
附图表示挤压机1和后面的挤压机2，挤压机1的出口3与挤压机2的进口5通过管形部分4相连，如果需要的话，管形部分4中装有过滤器6，该过滤器拦截在所处理的合成材料中所含的杂质，挤压机1由电机M1驱动，而挤压机2由电机M2驱动。
挤压机1通过进口7而装入可再次利用的合成材料泡沫体，然后在挤压机1中朝着其出口3的方向输送。由此，使通过挤压机1而处理的合成材料熔化，有关的输入及熔化区范围在长度8，随后长度9作为脱气区而与长度8相连，在脱气区中，含在这里至少以松软状态存在的合成材料中的气体被排出，即通过脱气口10。真空泵11与用于使有关合成材料脱去气体的脱气口10相连，尽可能地不保留气体。加气口12位于挤压机1出口3的附近，由该加气口，通过高压泵13将发泡气体压入在挤压机1中输送的合成材料中，由此，该发泡气体与合成材料混合并溶于其中。加气口12要远离脱气口10以致使通过加气口12供入的发泡气体不能逆着合成材料流而到达脱气口10的区域。因而供入的发泡气体以最大可能的范围保留在所传送的合成材料中。
以这种方式熔化并带有发泡气体的合成材料然后通过管形部分4和过滤器6而到达挤压机2的进口5，其中合成材料在低于该发泡气体出口温度的温度下冷却。此外，在挤压机2中将所输送的合成材料进行均化。该合成材料在出口14处排出并供入线索成形器15中，由该成形器15排出相应数量的合成材料的线索16，它由制成的可发泡的合成材料组成。
在附图中，在长度9之后及在加气口12之前设有开口17和17′，用于供入任何添加材料，这是因为这和用于制造复合合成材料的挤出工艺的习惯一样。对这类供料，两个开口中仅提供一个。
在下文中将描述上述设备的一个可行的实施方案，作为实施例。
产量为50kg/小时的装料及熔化区8的长度为8D（D＝挤压机的螺旋直径），产量更大时则装料及熔化区的长度为12D～16D。在上述最低产量下，脱气区9的长度为4D，而产量较大时，出于经济原因也不超过12D。在通过开口17供应添加物质的区域，所需的螺旋长度为4D～12D，对于压力下供入发泡气体的连接区，其螺旋长度为4D至12D。
上述后挤压机2也可以以连续挤压机的形式直接与挤压机1相连，由此形成在前面所述的后挤压机区域（在所述实施方案中由挤压机2实施），在该区域中合成材料进行均化，如果需要还可以进行冷却。如果带有发泡气体的合成材料不冷却，则可以直接对其进行处理以制造发泡材料部件。与其相反，如果该合成材料冷却，则如在附图中所示的实施方案那样，该合成材料可以被处理成颗粒状材料。

Claims (7)

1、通过挤压机由例如聚苯乙烯制备发泡合成材料的方法，在该挤压机的进口处喂入合成材料，利用加气口(12)将液态发泡气体，例如戊烷，在保持该发泡气体液态形式的压力下导入该合成材料中，由此通过后面的挤压机区域将带有发泡气体的合成材料均化，其特征在于，为了处理可再次利用的合成材料泡沫体，将泡沫体以碎片形式供入挤压机(1)，在加气口(12)前通过脱气口(10)将含在该合成泡沫体中的气体排出，从而在远离挤压机(1)进口(7)的地方进行脱气，结果在脱气口(10)区域，合成材料至少已达到松软状态，而脱气和加气彼此在隔开一定距离的地方进行，以使供入加气口(12)的发泡气体不能逆着该合成材料流而达到脱气口(10)的区域。
2、权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，带有发泡气体的合成材料在后面的挤压机区域（2）中在低于发泡气体出口温度的温度下被冷却。
3、用于实施权利要求1或2所述方法的设备，其特征在于，脱气口（10）设置在该挤压机（1）的传送方向的挤压机（1）进口（7）的后面，其后隔开一段距离是加气口（12），由此，脱气口（10）和加气口（12）之间的距离要选择成使挤压机（1）中的合成材料流保持发泡气体远离脱气口（10）。
4、权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，在脱气口（10）和加气口（12）之间还设有一个开口（17），以用于供应添加物。
5、权利要求3或4所述的设备，其特征在于，在进口（7）和脱气口（10）之间还设有一个开口（17′），用于供应添加物。
6、权利要求3至5中之一所述的设备，其特征在于，挤压机（1）采用螺杆以相同方向旋转的双螺旋挤压机。
7、权利要求3至6中之一所述的设备，其特征在于，在配有加气口（12）和脱气口（10）的挤压机（1）上还设有下一个挤压机（2），用于在低于发泡气体出口温度的温度下冷却该合成材料。
CN95103596A 1994-03-30 1995-03-27 制备发泡合成材料的方法及设备 Pending CN1112481A (zh)

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CN101942140A (zh) * 2010-10-12 2011-01-12 曾广胜 一种木塑复合发泡材料及其成型工艺与设备
US11000979B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2021-05-11 Sulzer Management Ag Process to recycle expandable plastic materials and an expandable or expanded plastic material obtainable thereby

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CN100404940C (zh) * 2001-08-24 2008-07-23 古河电气工业株式会社 复合管
CN101942140A (zh) * 2010-10-12 2011-01-12 曾广胜 一种木塑复合发泡材料及其成型工艺与设备
CN101942140B (zh) * 2010-10-12 2012-10-24 曾广胜 一种木塑复合发泡材料及其成型工艺与设备
US11000979B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2021-05-11 Sulzer Management Ag Process to recycle expandable plastic materials and an expandable or expanded plastic material obtainable thereby

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JPH08267537A (ja) 1996-10-15
DE4411164C1 (de) 1995-05-18
EP0676270A1 (de) 1995-10-11
JP2696164B2 (ja) 1998-01-14
US5672304A (en) 1997-09-30
CA2143782A1 (en) 1995-10-01

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