CN111247019B - 用于机动车的燃料箱以及燃料箱的制造方法 - Google Patents

用于机动车的燃料箱以及燃料箱的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111247019B
CN111247019B CN201880068450.0A CN201880068450A CN111247019B CN 111247019 B CN111247019 B CN 111247019B CN 201880068450 A CN201880068450 A CN 201880068450A CN 111247019 B CN111247019 B CN 111247019B
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CN111247019A (zh
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D·埃哈德
M·霍尔特迪克
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B29C65/20Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的燃料箱(1),其包括至少两个相互连接的子主体(2、3),通过所述子主体界定用于容纳燃料的容纳空间。所述两个子主体(2、3)中的至少一个子主体通过多组分注射方法制成。本发明还涉及一种用于制造燃料箱(1)的方法以及具有燃料箱(1)的单撤机动车。

Description

用于机动车的燃料箱以及燃料箱的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的燃料箱。燃料箱优选是用于机动脚踏车的燃料箱、尤其是用于摩托车的燃料箱。此外,提出一种具有燃料箱的单轮辙机动车以及燃料箱的制造方法。
背景技术
用于机动车、尤其是用于摩托车的燃料箱从一般现有技术并且尤其是从批量车辆制造中已经众所周知。这种燃料箱具有至少一个用于容纳燃料、尤其是液态燃料的容纳空间。例如用于驱动相应机动车的内燃机可借助燃料运行。
这种用于摩托车的燃料箱例如可通过吹塑成型或通过旋转成型来制造。这些方法的缺点在于,燃料箱的形状设计在此受到极大限制。其它部件的集成也非常有限。此外,表面质量常常不足,以致所制造的燃料箱不能用作可见部件。
从DE19941785A1中已知一种用于制造燃料箱的方法,在其中,首先通过注射方法由塑料制造壳部件并且随后将壳部件焊接在一起。
现有技术中已知的燃料箱的缺点在于,这些燃料箱除了用于容纳燃料的主要功能、如燃料箱密封性要求之外通常不满足任何附加功能,或者具有附加功能的元件必须以昂贵且费时的方式集成。
发明内容
因此,至少一些实施方式要解决的任务在于,提供一种用于机动车、尤其是用于摩托车的燃料箱,该燃料箱具有附加功能,例如在主动和/或被动安全性的附加值方面。其它任务在于,提出一种具有这种燃料箱的单轮辙机动车以及一种燃料箱制造方法。
所述任务通过根据本发明的装置和方法来解决。有利的实施方式和扩展方案由从下述说明和附图给出。
本文描述的燃料箱根据至少一种实施方式包括至少两个相互连接的子主体,它们形成用于容纳燃料的容纳空间。在此,所述两个子主体中的至少一个子主体通过多组分注射方法制成。多组分注射方法例如可以是双组分注射方法。此外,两个子主体中的另一个子主体也可通过注射方法来制成。此外,两个子主体均可通过多组分注射方法或通过双组分注射方法来制成。
子主体例如可分别构造为壳元件。此外,例如一个子主体可构造为盒元件并且另一子主体可构造为盖元件。
燃料箱优选构造为用于机动车的燃料箱、尤其是用于单轮辙机动车、如摩托车的燃料箱。
根据另一种实施方式,所述通过多组分注射方法制成的子主体包括至少一个第一注射元件和至少一个第二注射元件,它们彼此直接连接并且由不同的材料制成。优选第一注射元件和第二注射元件形锁合和/或材料锁合地相互连接。尤其是第一注射元件和第二注射元件可在双组分注射方法中或在多组分注射方法中一起被制成。在第一注射元件和第二注射元件之间的形锁合连接例如这样实现,即,第一注射元件的材料例如在注射期间与第二注射元件的材料进行材料锁合连接。
根据另一种实施方式,第二注射元件邻接燃料箱的外表面。朝向容纳空间,第二注射元件优选不邻接燃料箱或容纳空间的内表面。
优选新注射状态中的第一注射元件的弹性模量至少是新注射状态中的第二注射元件的弹性模量的三倍。
根据另一种实施方式,第一注射元件具有热塑性塑料或由热塑性塑料制成。例如第一注射元件可具有聚酰胺或由聚酰胺制成。
第二注射元件例如可具有热塑性弹性体或由热塑性弹性体制成。
例如第一注射元件可在新注射状态中具有在1000至2500MPa之间的弹性模量。第二注射元件可在新注射状态中具有例如在10至700MPa之间的弹性模量。
此外,第一注射元件可在新注射状态中具有例如在50到85MPa之间的屈服应力。第二注射元件可在新注射状态中具有例如在35到45MPa之间的屈服应力。
所述通过多组分注射成型由两种或多种组分制成的子主体可在不同材料之间具有硬-软连接。在此可优化燃料箱的外部特性,而不会不利地影响内部特性、如必然需要的密封性。不同的组分或材料提供不同的特性、如强度、挠性、磨损性。碰撞元件或橡胶涂层可为驾驶员提供主动或被动安全性的附加值。通过施加橡胶涂层或橡胶结节使表面更易于抓握并且因此防滑。同时表面可提供防止异物、如石头撞击的有效保护。
根据另一种实施方式,通过多组分注射方法制成的子主体构造为燃料箱上壳。在此优选,例如可具有热塑性塑料或可由热塑性塑料制成的第一注射元件优选构造为燃料箱上壳的基体。例如可具有热塑性弹性体或由热塑性弹性体制成的第二注射元件优选构造为面状的表面元件。例如面状的表面元件可集成或嵌入燃料箱上壳的基体中,其中,面状的表面元件构造在燃料箱上壳的表面上。
此外,构造为燃料箱上壳的第一子主体可具有多个第二注射元件,它们集成在例如可由第一注射元件形成的基体中。第一子主体例如可具有左侧、箱背和右侧,至少一个第二注射元件构造在这些区域中的每个区域中或集成在基体中。
第二注射元件对于单轮辙机动车或摩托车的驾驶员而言例如可用作注入的保护器表面或在行驶运行中或碰撞情况下用作止挡缓冲区、即例如膝盖缓冲区和/或臀部缓冲区。由此可为驾驶员带来更多的安全性,其方式为,在碰撞时通过由燃料箱引入的臀部缓冲区来吸收冲击能量。
根据另一种实施方式,燃料箱具有至少一个固定装置,该固定装置具有至少一个第一注射元件和至少一个第二注射元件。固定装置可构造在燃料箱的第一子主体和/或第二子主体上。固定装置例如可通过双组分注射方法制成并且可具有一个第一注射元件,第一注射元件可以是第一子主体或第二子主体的局部区域。此外,固定装置可具有一个或多个第二注射元件,其优选形锁合和材料锁合地与第一注射元件连接。形锁合和材料锁合连接例如可环绕地和/或面状地构造在第一注射元件和所述一个或多个第二注射元件之间。所述一个或多个第二注射元件可分别具有中空柱形形状,从而用于连接燃料箱的连接元件可穿过。通过固定装置可实现非常好的力和振动解耦。
根据另一种实施方式,所述两个子主体中的至少一个子主体具有通过模内方法被后注射的基底。通过“模内方法”可有利地影响视觉外观。基底例如可以是膜、如印刷或彩色的膜。此外,基底可具有一个或多个文字或一个或多个标志。因此可产生视觉上有吸引力的表面。
此外,提出一种机动车,其具有本文描述的燃料箱。机动车优选是单轮辙机动车。机动车尤其是可构造为摩托车。机动车的燃料箱可具有前述实施方式的一个或多个特征。机动车的燃料箱尤其是具有至少两个相互连接的子主体,它们限定用于容纳燃料的容纳空间,其中,所述两个子主体中的至少一个子主体通过多组分注射方法制成。
此外,提出一种用于制造用于机动车的燃料箱的方法。上面和下面关于燃料箱和/或关于燃料箱制造方法所提及的特征既可适用于燃料箱本身,也可适用于燃料箱制造方法。尤其是通过下面描述的方法可制造或已制造的燃料箱可具有前述实施方式的一个或多个特征。
在用于制造燃料箱的方法中,通过注射而形成两个子主体,其中,通过多组分注射方法来制造所述两个子主体中的至少一个子主体。然后连接两个子主体,使得所述两个子主体在连接之后界定用于容纳燃料的容纳空间。
所述两个子主体例如可通过焊接方法连接。焊接方法例如可以是激光、振动、接触或镜面焊接方法。由此,燃料箱可有利地构造成特别密封或防渗透的。
根据另一种实施方式,在多组分注射方法中,将至少一个第一注射元件和至少一个第二注射元件直接彼此连接。第一注射元件和第二注射元件优选具有不同的材料。
例如第一注射元件可具有热塑性塑料或由热塑性塑料制成。热塑性塑料例如可以是聚酰胺。第二注射元件例如可具有热塑性弹性体或由热塑性弹性体制成。
根据另一种实施方式,多组分注射方法是所谓的包覆成型方法。例如注射模具或注射模具一部分可在第一注射过程之后旋转或移动到新位置。然后可在新位置中将预注射件二次成型(überspritzt)。
根据另一种实施方式,当形成两个子主体中的至少一个子主体时,通过模内方法来后注射基底。基底例如可以是膜、如印有文字的膜。
借助本文描述的燃料箱,可通过将不同材料集成到一个注射壳体中来实现最佳的空间利用。特别有利的是生产时时间花费少。通过集成功能元件、如碰撞元件可增加燃料箱的功能。此外,可在希望的区域中对燃料箱的表面进行简单的着色。
附图说明
本文描述的用于机动车的燃料箱以及本文描述的用于制造燃料箱的方法的其它优点和有利实施方式由下面结合图1至6描述的实施方式得出。附图如下:
图1和2示出根据一种实施例的燃料箱的示意图;
图3和4示出根据一种实施例的燃料箱的固定装置的示意图;和
图5和6示出根据另一种实施例的燃料箱的示意图。
具体实施方式
在各实施例和附图中,相同或作用相同的部件可分别设有相同的附图标记。所显示的元件及其相互间的尺寸比例原则上不应视为按比例绘制的。相反,为了更好地显示和/或更好地理解,各个元件可夸大地加粗或大尺寸地示出。
图1和2示出根据一种实施例的燃料箱1的示意图,在图1中仅以透视图示出燃料箱1的第一子主体2。图2以示意性侧视图示出完整的燃料箱1。
燃料箱1包括两个相互连接的子主体2、3,它们界定一个用于容纳燃料的容纳空间。这两个子主体2、3分别通过注射方法制造并且通过焊接方法彼此连接。尤其是这两个子主体2、3分别通过多组分注射方法制成。
子主体2、3分别包括一个第一注射元件5,其在所示实施方案中由聚酰胺制成,以及分别包括多个第二注射元件6,它们在所示实施方案中由热塑性弹性体制成。子主体2、3尤其是分别通过双组分注射方法制造。注射方法例如可以是包覆成型方法,在其中,第二注射元件6分别形锁合和/或材料锁合地与第一注射元件5连接,通过第一注射元件形成第一或第二子主体2、3的基体。
在所示实施例中,形成燃料箱1箱上壳的第一子主体2具有左侧21、右侧23和设置在它们之间的箱背22。在此,在左侧21区域中、在箱背22区域中以及在右侧23区域中分别设置一个第二注射元件6。
由第二子主体3构成的燃料箱1箱下壳也具有多个第二注射元件6,它们嵌入形成箱下壳基体的注射元件5中。第二注射元件6例如可用作保护器表面、如膝盖缓冲区或臀部缓冲区。此外,第二注射元件6可具有带有特别易于抓握的橡胶结节的表面。
图3和4以透视图或剖视图示出燃料箱1的固定装置8。尤其是在图4中示出沿图3的A-A的剖视图。
固定装置8可构造在燃料箱的第一子主体2和/或第二子主体3上。固定装置8通过双组分注射方法制造并且包括一个第一注射元件5和两个第二注射元件6,第一注射元件可以是第一子主体2或第二子主体3的局部区域,所述两个第二注射元件6则形锁合且材料锁合地与第一注射元件5连接。第二注射元件6分别具有中空柱形形状并且优选由热塑性弹性体制成。第一注射元件5优选由热塑性材料、如聚酰胺制成。
用于将燃料箱1固定到另一主体上的连接元件可分别穿过第二注射元件6。借助固定装置8可以以特别低成本的方式实现燃料箱1与所述另一主体(燃料箱固定在其上)之间的力和振动解耦。
图5和6示出根据另一种实施例的燃料箱1的示意图。燃料箱1又具有两个相互连接的子主体2、3,它们界定一个用于容纳燃料的容纳空间,所述两个子主体2、3中的至少一个子主体通过多组分注射方法制成。例如两个子主体2、3中的至少一个子主体具有一个第一注射元件和一个直接与第一注射元件连接的第二注射元件(未示出),它们通过双组分注射方法制造并且优选分别具有不同的材料或由不同的材料制成。
此外,两个子主体2、3分别具有多个基底7,这些基底通过模内方法被后注射而成。基底例如可以是膜、如带有文字、标志和/或图形、尤其是多色设计的膜。
所示实施例中描述的特征也可根据其它实施例彼此组合。替代或附加地,附图中所示的实施例可具有根据一般性说明的实施方式的其它特征。
附图标记列表
1 燃料箱
2 第一子主体
3 第二子主体
5 第一注射元件
6 第二注射元件
7 基底
8 固定装置
21 箱上壳的左侧
22 箱上壳的箱背
23 箱上壳的右侧

Claims (13)

1.用于机动车的燃料箱(1),所述燃料箱包括至少两个相互连接的子主体(2、3),通过所述子主体界定用于容纳燃料的容纳空间,所述两个子主体(2、3)中的至少一个子主体通过多组分注射方法制成,其中,通过多组分注射方法制成的子主体具有至少一个第一注射元件(5)和至少一个第二注射元件(6),所述第一注射元件和第二注射元件彼此直接连接并且由不同的材料制成,通过多组分注射方法制成的子主体构造为燃料箱上壳,并且第一注射元件(5)形成燃料箱上壳的基体,并且第二注射元件(6)构造在燃料箱上壳的表面上并且构造为面状的表面元件,其中,所述面状的表面元件嵌入到燃料箱上壳的基体中,并且所述面状的表面元件对于机动车的驾驶员而言用作保护器表面,所述保护器表面构成为膝盖缓冲区和/或臀部缓冲区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料箱,其中,相互连接的第一注射元件(5)和第二注射元件(6)形锁合和/或材料锁合地相互连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料箱,其中,所述第一注射元件(5)具有热塑性塑料或由热塑性塑料制成,并且第二注射元件(6)具有热塑性弹性体或由热塑性弹性体制成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃料箱,其中,所述第一注射元件(5)具有聚酰胺或由聚酰胺制成。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃料箱,其特征在于,所述燃料箱(1)具有至少一个固定装置(8),该固定装置具有至少一个第一注射元件(5)和至少一个第二注射元件(6)。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃料箱,其中,所述两个子主体(2、3)中的至少一个子主体具有通过模内方法被后注射的基底(7)。
7.单轮辙机动车,包括根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的燃料箱(1)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的单轮辙机动车,其中,所述单轮辙机动车是摩托车。
9.用于制造用于机动车的燃料箱(1)的方法,包括下述步骤:
-通过注射而形成两个子主体(2、3),所述两个子主体(2、3)中的至少一个子主体通过多组分注射方法制成,并且
-连接所述两个子主体(2、3),使得所述两个子主体(2、3)在连接之后界定用于容纳燃料的容纳空间,
其中,通过多组分注射方法制成的子主体具有至少一个第一注射元件(5)和至少一个第二注射元件(6),所述第一注射元件和第二注射元件由不同的材料制成,在多组分注射方法中,将至少一个第一注射元件(5)和至少一个第二注射元件(6)直接彼此连接,
其中,通过多组分注射方法制成的子主体构造为燃料箱上壳,并且第一注射元件(5)形成燃料箱上壳的基体,并且第二注射元件(6)构造在燃料箱上壳的表面上并且构造为面状的表面元件,其中,所述面状的表面元件嵌入到燃料箱上壳的基体中,并且所述面状的表面元件对于机动车的驾驶员而言用作保护器表面,所述保护器表面构成为膝盖缓冲区和/或臀部缓冲区。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述两个子主体(2、3)的连接通过焊接方法进行。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其中,所述第一注射元件(5)具有热塑性塑料或由热塑性塑料制成,并且第二注射元件(6)具有热塑性弹性体或由热塑性弹性体制成。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其中,所述多组分注射方法是包覆成型方法。
13.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其中,在形成所述两个子主体中的至少一个子主体时,还通过模内方法来后注射基底(7)。
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DE102017222256A1 (de) 2019-06-13

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