CN111244620A - Wave beam scanning antenna array based on liquid crystal high-resistance surface - Google Patents
Wave beam scanning antenna array based on liquid crystal high-resistance surface Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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Abstract
The invention provides a wave beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-resistance surface, which comprises an antenna array (1), a high-resistance surface (2), a liquid crystal (3), a metal ground (4) and a dielectric plate (5); the antenna array (1) can radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside; the high-resistance surface (2) can control the coupling strength among the antenna units of the antenna array (1); the liquid crystal (3) can realize the adjustability of equivalent dielectric constant; the metal ground (4) can bear the antenna array (1), the high-resistance surface (2) and the liquid crystal (3) and provides a grounding signal; the dielectric plate (5) is used as a substrate and can bear the antenna array (1), the high-resistance surface (2), the liquid crystal (3) and the metal ground (4). The invention has the characteristics of continuously adjustable directional diagram, simple design, low cost and low direct current power consumption, and is suitable for the access point antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-resistance surface.
Background
Recent developments in next generation communication systems have increased the demand for antenna systems with high data transmission rate capabilities. Therefore, reconfigurable smart antenna systems are more attractive. The reconfigurable antenna can be divided into a frequency reconfigurable antenna, a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, a polarization reconfigurable antenna and a multifunctional reconfigurable antenna according to functions. The beam scanning antenna array is one of directional diagram reconfigurable antennas, and the maximum radiation direction of the beam scanning antenna array can be pointed to any angle within a certain range. To achieve adjustability of the beam direction, phased arrays are a common approach. Phased arrays require adjustable feed networks and phase shifters. However, the design of the tunable feed network and the phase shifter is complicated, costly and bulky.
In microstrip circuits, PIN diodes or varactors are often used to achieve reconfigurability. But PIN diodes and varactors produce parasitic effects as the frequency increases. They are therefore not suitable for high frequencies.
Nematic liquid crystals play an important role as a continuously tunable anisotropic dielectric in tunable materials. The dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is changed by applying an electrostatic field or a magnetic field. Liquid crystals are widely used in reflective arrays and tunable leaky-wave antennas. However, the dielectric loss angle of the liquid crystal is large, which brings large dielectric loss and reduces the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna.
The high resistive surface is a periodic structure. Reconfigurability can be achieved by adding semiconductor devices and control circuits between the cells. However, the reconfigurable high-resistance surface usually needs a large number of semiconductor devices, so that the structure is complex, and the direct-current power consumption is large.
Patent document No. CN106932933A discloses a liquid crystal antenna and a method for manufacturing the same, the liquid crystal antenna including: an antenna array and at least one inertial navigation unit; the antenna array is used for changing the phase of an electromagnetic wave signal fed into the liquid crystal antenna to form a wave beam corresponding to a target direction; the inertial navigation unit is used for determining the motion parameters of the antenna in a navigation coordinate system; the inertial navigation unit and the substrate are provided with a seed layer. The inertial navigation unit and the antenna array are integrated together by adding the seed layer and adopting the semiconductor process, so that the integration of the antenna system is improved, and the miniaturization and multifunctional development of the antenna system are favorably realized; meanwhile, the antenna beam can be accurately controlled through the antenna array, and the antenna movement can be accurately positioned through the inertial navigation unit. However, the dielectric loss angle of the liquid crystal is large, which brings large dielectric loss and reduces the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-impedance surface.
The invention provides a beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-resistance surface, which comprises an antenna array, the high-resistance surface, liquid crystal, a metal ground and a dielectric plate, wherein the liquid crystal is arranged on the high-resistance surface;
the antenna array can radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside;
the high-resistance surface can control the coupling strength among antenna units of the antenna array;
the liquid crystal can realize the adjustability of equivalent dielectric constant;
the metal ground can bear the antenna array, the high-resistance surface and the liquid crystal and provide a grounding signal;
the dielectric plate can be used as a substrate for bearing the antenna array, the high-resistance surface, the liquid crystal and the metal ground.
Preferably, the antenna array comprises a main radiating element and two parasitic elements, and the two parasitic elements are positioned on two sides of the main radiating element and symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the main radiating element.
Preferably, the antenna array adopts an electrically controlled parasitic antenna array, the radio-frequency signal is only fed to the main radiating element, and the parasitic element is not provided with a radio-frequency feed circuit.
Preferably, the antenna units of the antenna array are rectangular, square or circular microstrip antennas; the antenna elements are arranged along the H-plane.
Preferably, the antenna units of the antenna array are patch antennas.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises a feeding device, wherein the feeding device adopts probe feeding, microstrip line feeding or slot coupling feeding, and the feeding device is connected with the main radiation unit.
Preferably, the high-resistance surface is a periodic structure formed by coplanar electromagnetic bandgap units, and the coplanar electromagnetic bandgap units are rectangular, mushroom-shaped or cross-shaped.
Preferably, the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal changes with a change in an applied electric or magnetic field.
Preferably, the dielectric plate comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are sequentially arranged and connected from top to bottom, the upper surface of the first dielectric plate is provided with the antenna array, the second dielectric plate is provided with two liquid crystal grooves, the liquid crystal material is arranged in the liquid crystal grooves, the high-resistance surface is arranged between the lower variable surface of the first dielectric plate and the liquid crystal, and the metal is arranged between the lower surface of the second dielectric plate and the upper surface of the third dielectric plate.
Preferably, the two liquid crystal cells are respectively arranged right below two parasitic elements of the antenna array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional phased array antenna, the phased array antenna adopts the electric control parasitic antenna array, does not need a complex feed network and a phase shifter, and greatly simplifies the design.
2. Compared with a reconfigurable antenna using a PIN diode and a variable capacitance diode, the reconfigurable antenna realizes the adjustability of the equivalent dielectric constant through liquid crystal, does not generate parasitic effect along with the increase of frequency, and is suitable for high frequency.
3. In the traditional liquid crystal antenna, the liquid crystal is placed below the parasitic unit, and the liquid crystal is not arranged below the main radiation unit, so that the dielectric loss is reduced, and the antenna gain and the radiation efficiency are improved.
4. Compared with the traditional reconfigurable high-resistance surface, the reconfigurable high-resistance surface has the advantages that devices do not need to be loaded among units, the structure is simple, and direct-current power consumption is avoided.
5. The invention has the characteristics of continuously adjustable directional diagram, simple design, low cost and low direct current power consumption, and is suitable for the access point antenna.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a physical schematic diagram of the electrically controlled parasitic antenna array of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a physical schematic diagram of the high-resistance surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a physical schematic diagram of a liquid crystal cell according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the reflection coefficient in the initial state of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in the reflection coefficient of the liquid crystal under the left parasitic element to the maximum deflected state according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in the reflection coefficient of the liquid crystal under the parasitic cell on the right side to the maximum deflected state according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an H-plane pattern in the initial state of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an H-plane directional diagram of the present invention changing the liquid crystal under the left parasitic element to the maximum deflected state.
FIG. 10 is an H-plane directional diagram of the present invention changing the liquid crystal under the parasitic cell on the right to the maximum deflected state.
The figures show that:
Metal ground 4 power feeding device 6 of high-resistance surface 2
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The invention provides a wave beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-resistance surface, which comprises an antenna array 1, a high-resistance surface 2, a liquid crystal 3, a metal ground 4, a dielectric plate 5 and a feed device 6. The antenna array 1 is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate. The antenna array 1 is composed of a main radiation unit and two parasitic units, wherein the antenna units are arranged along the H surface, and the parasitic units are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the main radiation unit of the antenna. Wherein the radio frequency signal is only fed to the main radiating element, and the parasitic element is not provided with a radio frequency feed circuit. The feeding mode is probe feeding, and the antenna unit is a patch antenna. The high resistance surface 2 is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate. The high resistive surface 2 is a periodic structure composed of coplanar electromagnetic bandgap cells. Two high resistive surfaces 2 are distributed below the two parasitic elements. The second dielectric plate has two liquid crystal cells located directly below the high resistance surface 2. The metal ground is located on the upper surface of the third dielectric plate. The high-resistance surface 2, the liquid crystal 3 and the metal ground 4 form a novel liquid crystal reconfigurable high-resistance surface. The invention changes the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal 3 by loading the direct current bias voltage between the high-resistance surface 2 and the metal ground 4, thereby controlling the coupling strength between the antenna array units and realizing the continuous adjustment of antenna beams. The invention has the advantages of adjustable directional diagram, low cost, no power consumption and the like, and can be used for an access point antenna.
According to the invention, the beam scanning antenna array based on the liquid crystal high-resistance surface is provided, as shown in fig. 1-10, and comprises an antenna array 1, a high-resistance surface 2, a liquid crystal 3, a metal ground 4 and a dielectric plate 5; the antenna array 1 can radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside; the high-resistance surface 2 can control the coupling strength among the antenna units of the antenna array 1; the liquid crystal 3 can realize the adjustability of equivalent dielectric constant; the metal ground 4 can bear the antenna array 1, the high-resistance surface 2 and the liquid crystal 3 and provide a grounding signal; the dielectric plate 5 serves as a substrate for carrying the antenna array 1, the high-resistance surface 2, the liquid crystal 3, and the metal ground 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the antenna array 1 includes a main radiating element and two parasitic elements, and the two parasitic elements are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the main radiating element. The antenna array 1 adopts an electric control parasitic antenna array, radio frequency signals only feed to a main radiation unit, and a radio frequency feed circuit is not arranged on the parasitic unit. The antenna unit of the antenna array 1 is a rectangular, square or circular microstrip antenna; the antenna elements are arranged along the H-plane. The antenna unit of the antenna array 1 is a patch antenna, and the antenna unit includes a main radiation unit and a parasitic unit. The antenna also comprises a feed device 6, wherein the feed device 6 adopts probe feed, microstrip line feed or gap coupling feed, and the feed device 6 is connected with the main radiation unit. The feeding device 6 is connected to only the main radiating element, and feeds power to the main radiating element without feeding power to the parasitic element.
As shown in fig. 3, the high resistance surface 2 is a periodic structure formed by coplanar electromagnetic bandgap cells, which are rectangular, mushroom-shaped or cross-shaped. The equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal 3 changes with the change of the external electric field or the external magnetic field, that is, the liquid crystal 3 is an adjustable material capable of deflecting with the external electric field or the external magnetic field, and the equivalent dielectric constant can change with the change of the strength of the external field.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the dielectric plate 5 includes a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, and a third dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate, and the third dielectric plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the antenna array 1 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, the two liquid crystal cells are disposed on the second dielectric plate, the liquid crystal 3 is disposed in the liquid crystal cells, the high-resistance surface 2 is disposed between the lower variable surface of the first dielectric plate and the liquid crystal 3, and the metal ground 4 is disposed between the lower surface of the second dielectric plate and the upper surface of the third dielectric plate. The two liquid crystal tanks are respectively arranged under the two parasitic units of the antenna array 1.
Preferably, a beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-impedance surface, as shown in fig. 1, includes: antenna array 1, high resistance surface 2, liquid crystal 3, metal ground 4 and dielectric plate 5. The antenna array 1 is an electric control parasitic antenna array, which is composed of three microstrip patch antenna units arranged along the H surface, a main radiation unit is arranged in the middle, and two parasitic units are arranged at two sides. And radio-frequency signals are supplied to the main radiating element in a coaxial feed mode, and no radio-frequency signals exist on the parasitic element. The high resistive surface 2 is a periodic structure consisting of 3 x 3 coplanar electromagnetic bandgap cells. The coplanar electromagnetic band gap unit adopts a jean cooling cross gap type structure. The liquid crystal 3 is a continuously tunable material, and the liquid crystal molecules can be deflected by an applied electric field or magnetic field, and the equivalent dielectric constant can be changed by changing the strength of the applied field. The two liquid crystals 3 are respectively arranged right below the two parasitic units. The high resistance surface 2, the liquid crystal 3 and the metal ground 4 form a novel liquid crystal adjustable high resistance surface.
In the initial state, the liquid crystals 3 on both sides are not deflected, the coupling between the main radiation unit and the parasitic units on both sides is weak, and the main beam points to zero degree. When bias voltage is applied to the high-resistance surface below the left parasitic unit, liquid crystal molecules deflect, the equivalent dielectric constant is increased, the coupling between the left parasitic unit and the main unit is enhanced, and the main beam deflects to the left side, so that negative angle scanning is realized. Similarly, when a bias voltage is applied to the high-resistance surface under the parasitic cell on the right side, the coupling of the parasitic cell on the right side and the main cell is enhanced, and positive angle scanning is realized.
The preferred embodiment:
a wave beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-impedance surface has the center frequency of 28GHz and can be used for an access point antenna.
As shown in fig. 1, the beam scanning antenna array with the liquid crystal high-impedance surface is composed of an antenna array 1, a high-impedance surface 2, a liquid crystal 3, a metal ground 4 and a dielectric plate 5, wherein the antenna array 1 adopts an electrically controlled parasitic antenna array.
As shown in fig. 2, the main radiating element of the electrically controlled parasitic antenna array is a square microstrip patch antenna with a size of 3mm × 3mm, and both the two parasitic elements are square microstrip patch antennas with a size of 2.6mm × 2.6 mm. The three antenna elements are arranged along the H-plane, and the distance between the parasitic element and the main radiating element is 4.2 mm. The dielectric plate 5 is a Rogers5880 rectangular dielectric with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009, and has a size of 24mm × 15mm × 254 um.
As shown in fig. 3, the high-resistance surface 2 is a periodic structure composed of 3 × 3 coplanar electromagnetic bandgap cells. The coplanar electromagnetic band gap units adopt a jeans cooling cross gap type structure, the length of each unit is 2.4mm, the width of each unit is 1.6mm, the width of each jeans cooling cross gap is 0.15mm, and the length of each branch is 1.4 mm. The gap is 0.15mm from the edge of each cell. The distance between the edges of the two high resistance surfaces 2 is 4 mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the two liquid crystal cells each have a size of 8mm × 6mm × 254 um. The distance between the two cell edges was 3.7 mm.
In the initial state, the bias voltages applied to both sides are 0V, the liquid crystals on both sides are not deflected, the coupling between the main cell and the parasitic cells on both sides is weak, the main beam points to zero degree, the reflection coefficient at this time is as shown in fig. 5, and the directional pattern of the H-plane is as shown in fig. 8. When a bias voltage is applied to the high-resistance surface below the left parasitic element, the liquid crystal molecules deflect, the equivalent dielectric constant becomes large, the coupling between the left parasitic element and the main element is enhanced, the main beam deflects to the left, negative angle scanning is realized, the reflection coefficient at this time is as shown in fig. 6, and the directional diagram of the H plane is as shown in fig. 9. Similarly, when a bias voltage is applied to the high-resistance surface under the parasitic element on the right side, the coupling of the parasitic element on the right side and the main cell is enhanced, and positive angle scanning is realized, wherein the reflection coefficient is shown in fig. 7, and the directional pattern of the H plane is shown in fig. 10.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A wave beam scanning antenna array based on a liquid crystal high-resistance surface is characterized by comprising an antenna array (1), a high-resistance surface (2), a liquid crystal (3), a metal ground (4) and a dielectric plate (5);
the antenna array (1) can radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside;
the high-resistance surface (2) can control the coupling strength among the antenna units of the antenna array (1);
the liquid crystal (3) can realize the adjustability of equivalent dielectric constant;
the metal ground (4) can bear the antenna array (1), the high-resistance surface (2) and the liquid crystal (3) and provides a grounding signal;
the dielectric plate (5) is used as a substrate and can bear the antenna array (1), the high-resistance surface (2), the liquid crystal (3) and the metal ground (4).
2. The beam scanning antenna array based on liquid crystal high impedance surface as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the antenna array (1) comprises a main radiating element and two parasitic elements, and the two parasitic elements are symmetrically distributed at two sides of the main radiating element.
3. The liquid crystal high impedance surface based beam scanning antenna array as claimed in claim 2, wherein the antenna array (1) employs an electrically controlled parasitic antenna array, the rf signal is fed only to the main radiating element, and the parasitic element has no rf feed circuit.
4. The liquid crystal high resistance surface based beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna elements of the antenna array (1) are rectangular, square or circular microstrip antennas; the antenna elements are arranged along the H-plane.
5. The liquid crystal high impedance surface based beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna elements of the antenna array (1) are patch antennas.
6. The beam scanning antenna array based on the liquid crystal high-impedance surface as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a feeding device (6), wherein the feeding device (6) adopts probe feeding, microstrip line feeding or slot coupling feeding, and the feeding device (6) is connected with the main radiation unit.
7. The liquid crystal high impedance surface based beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the high impedance surface (2) is a periodic structure formed by coplanar electromagnetic bandgap cells that are rectangular, mushroom-shaped or cross-shaped.
8. The liquid crystal high impedance surface based beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent dielectric constant of the liquid crystal (3) is changed with the change of the applied electric field or magnetic field.
9. The beam scanning antenna array based on the liquid crystal high-resistance surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric plate (5) comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a third dielectric plate, the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the antenna array (1) is arranged on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate is provided with two liquid crystal grooves, the liquid crystal (3) material is arranged in the liquid crystal grooves, the high-resistance surface (2) is arranged between the lower variable surface of the first dielectric plate and the liquid crystal (3), and the metal ground (4) is arranged between the lower surface of the second dielectric plate and the upper surface of the third dielectric plate.
10. The liquid crystal high impedance surface based beam scanning antenna array according to claim 9, wherein the two liquid crystal cells are respectively arranged right below two parasitic elements of the antenna array (1).
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| MEI LI、SHAO-QIU XIAO、BING-ZHONG WANG: "Investigation of Using High Impedance Surfaces for Wide-Angle Scanning Arrays", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
| 修威、庞晨、李永祯、王雪松: "一种双极化液晶阵列天线设计与方向图综合方法", 《电波科学学报》 * |
| 束俊、张耀平: "基于液晶的波束可调天线", 《 2019年全国天线年会论文集（中册）》 * |
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| CN111244620B (en) | 2021-06-29 |
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