CN209249695U

CN209249695U - A kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal

Info

Publication number: CN209249695U
Application number: CN201821494865.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 车邦军
Original assignee: Beijing Super Timber Mdt Infotech Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Super Timber Mdt Infotech Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-12
Filing date: 2018-09-12
Publication date: 2019-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-12

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, the control of each unit radiation amplitude on antenna is realized by regulating and controlling liquid crystal, and then the liquid crystal beam scanning antennas with the range that exposes thoroughly has been obtained, solve the problems, such as that traditional liquid crystal beam scanning antennas beam scanning range is small.Simultaneously as requirement of this antenna to liquid crystal dielectric constant tuning rate substantially reduces, thus antenna price can be reduced by using inexpensive liquid crystal (dielectric constant tuning rate is also low) Lai Shixian beam scanning.The utility model can be widely applied to unmanned, KU/KA band satellite communication as a kind of beam scanning antennas at low cost, scanning range is big, high speed Low-Orbit Satellite Communication, in 5G communication and high speed wireless access.

Description

A kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal

Technical field

The utility model belongs to microwave antenna art field, especially a kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal.

Background technique

Requirement of the development of modern communication technology for antenna is higher and higher, and common mechanical scanning system and frequency sweep day Line is no longer satisfied the demand of modern communications, realizes that automatically controlled scanning antenna system has become current development trend.Wave Beam scanning antenna has important work in the application such as 4G/5G communication, satellite communication, communication in moving, unmanned, WLAN With.Traditional beam scanning antennas is realized by phased array antenna or leaky-wave antenna.Wherein, the former is limited to antenna cost, It is difficult to promote in commercial environment.The latter mainly passes through varactor or switching diode changes the radiation direction of antenna, into And realize beam scanning, this implementation method is limited to diode package distribution parameter, can not often work in upper frequency.

In order to realize beam scanning antennas in higher frequency, scientists proposition can use liquid crystal replacement diode It realizes the control to aerial radiation direction, and achieves all more important research achievements in recent years, design realizes a variety of bases In the beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal.However, the beam scanning range of traditional liquid crystal beam scanning antennas and liquid crystal dielectric constant Being positively correlated property of tuning range.Therefore, this method has two: first, in traditional liquid crystal beam scanning antennas, is Bigger beam scanning range is obtained, needs to select expensive special type liquid crystal (dielectric constant tuning range is larger), greatly The cost of liquid crystal beam scanning antennas is increased greatly；Second, even if selecting expensive special type liquid crystal, traditional liquid crystal beam scanning day The beam scanning range of line still only has ± 20 °, is insufficient for the demand of various application environments.In the recent period, researcher proposes The liquid crystal Super-material antenna based on waveguiding structure, overcome that traditional liquid crystal beam scanning antennas beam scanning range is small to ask Topic, but what this liquid crystal Super-material antenna was made of the metal rectangular waveguide of multiple load irradiation structures, it is multiple with structure It is miscellaneous, equipment is heavy, size requires many defects such as stringent, design difficulty is big.

Utility model content

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the utility model proposes a kind of restructural beam scanning days of liquid crystal Line controls the working condition of each submatrix member on aerial array by changing liquid crystal dielectric constant, so that realizing has greatly The beam scanning antennas of scanning range (± 75 °) solves the problems, such as that traditional liquid crystal leaky-wave antenna beam scanning range is small.Together When, for this antenna during beam scanning, the absolute change amount requirement of radiation amplitude and phase shift to unit is lower, therefore it Requirement to liquid crystal dielectric constant tuning rate substantially reduces, can be by using inexpensive liquid crystal (dielectric constant tuning rate is also low) To realize beam scanning, reduction antenna cost.In addition, the leading in traditional beam scanning antennas, for excitation radiation unit Electromagnetic wave is usually propagated in the transmission line that lossy medium or liquid crystal load, and which greatly limits the total of antenna Efficiency；And in the present invention, guided electromagnetic wave is to propagate in air parallel board waveguide, thus greatly reduce antenna Transmission loss, improve the gross efficiency of antenna.

One side according to the present utility model proposes that a kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, the liquid crystal are restructural Beam scanning antennas includes wave transmission structure, irradiation structure and radiation control structure, in which:

The wave transmission structure, irradiation structure and radiation control structure are set gradually from bottom to top；

The wave transmission structure is used to receive the signal of feed-in, couples irradiation structure upwards for signal；

The irradiation structure for from underlying wave transmission structure receive coupling feed-in signal, and by signal to External radiation is gone out；

The radiation control structure is used to control the working frequency and radiation width of the irradiation structure by control liquid crystal Degree.

Optionally, the irradiation structure includes the array of n radiating element, and the radiation control structure includes n radiation The array of control unit.

Optionally, the radiating element includes the first metal patch and the gap that is arranged on first metal patch.

Optionally, the relationship between first metal patch and the gap is that the gap pastes the first metal Piece is in symmetric relation in symmetric relation or the major part of the first metal patch.

Optionally, the radiation control structure includes liquid crystal layer, metal electrode and its voltage driving.

Optionally, the voltage driving connect with external voltage biasing networks, is loaded by change in metal electrode and the External bias voltage between one metal patch changes the dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer, and then changes the work of the radiating element Frequency and radiation amplitude.

Optionally, described first belongs to patch for rectangle, unfilled corner rectangle, parallelogram, circle, ellipse or trapezoidal.

Optionally, first metal patch is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel.

Optionally, the angle between first metal patch and direction of wave travel is 45 degree or close to 45 degree, described to connect Nearly 45 degree of angular deviations referred within 10 degree.

Optionally, the gap is rectangle, annular, rectangular-ambulatory-plane, dumbbell shape, cross, curved, hourglass shape or irregular shape Shape.

Optionally, the gap on first metal patch is 1,2 or multiple.

Optionally, when the gap is 1, the gap is located at the center of the first metal patch or deviates the first metal The center of patch.

Optionally, when the gap is 2 or multiple, arranged opposite or the pre-determined distance that is staggered row between the gap Column.

Optionally, the gap is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel.

Optionally, the angle between the gap and direction of wave travel is 90 degree, close to 90 degree, 45 degree or close to 45 degree, The close angular deviation referred within 10 degree.

Optionally, the metal electrode and its voltage are driven to 1,2 or multiple.

Optionally, be staggered between adjacent radiation unit or adjacent radiation unit group, the radiating element group by 2 or Multiple radiating elements are constituted.

Optionally, first metal patch is in unfilled corner rectangle, between first metal patch and direction of wave travel For 90 degree or close to 90 degree, the angle between the gap and direction of wave travel is 45 degree or close to 45 degree angle, described close Refer to the angular deviation within 10 degree.

Optionally, the metal electrode is covered on the top in the gap.

Optionally, the quantity that the quantity in the gap and the metal electrode and its voltage drive is to correspond, is a pair of The combination of more, many-one or the above corresponded manner.

Optionally, the metal electrode and its voltage driving intersect there are 1 time with gap, intersect or cross over many times for 2 times.

Optionally, the metal electrode is in rectangle, round or ellipse.

Optionally, the voltage is driven to metal connecting terminal or semiconductor driving element.

Optionally, the radiating element is in the arrangement mode of lateral, longitudinal and/or oblique alignment.

Optionally, the radiating element further includes first medium layer, for mentioning for the metal electrode and its voltage driving For the carrier installed and be arranged.

Optionally, the lower surface of the first medium layer, the voltage is arranged in the metal electrode and its voltage driving Driving is located at one end of metal electrode.

Optionally, the first medium layer is glass or resin.

Optionally, the metal electrode and its voltage driving are using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology setting In on the first medium layer.

Optionally, which is characterized in that the radiating element further includes second dielectric layer, for being first metal patch The carrier of installation and setting is provided with the second metal patch.

Optionally, the second dielectric layer is glass or resin.

Optionally, first and second metal patch is set to using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology In the second dielectric layer.

Optionally, the radiating element further includes liquid crystal layer.

Optionally, the surface of the metal electrode and the first metal patch needs to carry out orientation processing.

Optionally, both alignment layers are arranged in the surface of the metal electrode and the first metal patch.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure is parallel plate waveguide structure.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and ground connection being arranged from top to bottom Layer, wherein the lower surface of second dielectric layer is arranged in second metal patch, is additionally provided with coupling on second metal patch Conjunction portion, the signal for transmitting third dielectric layer are coupled in irradiation structure.

Optionally, the coupling part is the hollow-out part being provided on second metal patch.

Optionally, the coupling part is circle, ellipse, dumb-bell shape, rectangle, I font or H font.

Optionally, second metal patch completely covers second dielectric layer.

Optionally, the material of the third dielectric layer is air, F4B, ceramic substrate or sapphire substrate.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure is to be inverted microstrip line construction.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and metal being arranged from top to bottom Conduction band, wherein the lower surface of second dielectric layer is arranged in second metal patch, is additionally provided on second metal patch Coupling part, the signal for transmitting third dielectric layer are coupled in irradiation structure.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure is Rectangular Waveguide Structure.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes rectangular waveguide, and upper surface offers coupling part, and being used for will be in the square The signal of shape waveguide transmission is coupled in irradiation structure.

Optionally, the coupling part is the hollow-out part for being provided with rectangular waveguide upper surface.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure is strip lines configuration.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes that the second metal patch, third dielectric layer, metal being arranged from top to bottom are led Band, the 4th dielectric layer and floor layer, wherein it is provided with coupling part on the second metal patch, the signal coupling for transmitting dielectric layer It closes into irradiation structure, wherein third dielectric layer is different from the dielectric material that the 4th dielectric layer uses.

Another aspect according to the present utility model proposes a kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, comprising: n antenna Unit, the n antenna element form aerial array, in which:

The antenna element is equipped with first medium layer, liquid crystal layer, second dielectric layer and wave transmission structure from top to bottom, In:

The lower surface of the first medium layer is provided with metal electrode and its voltage driving, and the voltage driving is located at described One end of metal electrode；

The upper surface of the second dielectric layer is equipped with the first metal patch, is arranged on first metal patch and has the gap.

Optionally, the first medium layer, liquid crystal layer, second dielectric layer and wave transmission structure are combined closely.

Optionally, the liquid crystal layer is in close contact with metal electrode and its voltage driving and the first metal patch respectively.

Optionally, the surface of the metal electrode and the first metal patch is equipped with both alignment layers.

Optionally, doped with support construction in the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and ground plane, in which: described the The lower surface of the second dielectric layer is arranged in two metal patches, is provided with coupling part on second metal patch.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and metal conduction band, in which: described The lower surface of the second dielectric layer is arranged in second metal patch, is provided with coupling part on second metal patch.

Optionally, the first medium layer, liquid crystal layer, second dielectric layer, third dielectric layer and metal conduction band are combined closely.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes rectangular waveguide, in which: is provided with coupling part on the rectangular waveguide.

Optionally, the wave transmission structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer, metal conduction band, the 4th dielectric layer And floor layer, in which: second metal patch is arranged in the lower surface of the second dielectric layer, on second metal patch It is provided with coupling part, the third dielectric layer is different from the dielectric material that the 4th dielectric layer uses.

Optionally, the dielectric layer is air layer or layer of dielectric material.

Optionally, when the dielectric layer is air layer, the edge of the antenna element is provided with support construction.

Optionally, the support construction is metal enclosed wall or absorbent structure.

Optionally, the gap is rectangle, annular, rectangular-ambulatory-plane, dumbbell shape, cross, curved, hourglass shape or irregular slit Gap.

Optionally, the gap on first metal patch is 1,2 or multiple.

Optionally, when the gap is 2 or multiple, be staggered pre-determined distance arrangement between the gap.

Optionally, the gap is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel.

Optionally, the metal electrode and its voltage are driven to 1,2 or multiple.

Optionally, the metal electrode is covered on the top in the gap.

Optionally, the metal electrode is in rectangle, round or ellipse.

Optionally, the first medium layer is glass or resin.

Optionally, the second dielectric layer is glass or resin.

Optionally, first and second metal patch is set to using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology On the first medium layer.

Optionally, the edge of the antenna element or carrier layer is provided with metal enclosed wall or absorbent structure.

Compared to traditional liquid crystal Super-material antenna, the utility model structure is simple, easy to process, weight significantly reduces, feedback Capacitor is easy, design difficulty is small.In addition, the utility model can also realize that multiple wave beams, these wave beams can be according to users simultaneously Requirement, in real time, independently, dynamically be directed toward scanning range in any direction.The utility model as it is a kind of it is at low cost, High-efficient, scanning range is big, the beam scanning antennas with multi-beam ability, can be widely applied to it is unmanned, communication in moving, KU/KA band satellite communication, high speed Low-Orbit Satellite Communication, 4G/5G communication and high speed wireless access in.

Detailed description of the invention

Each exemplary embodiment is described in detail by referring to accompanying drawing, above and other feature and advantage are common for this field It will become more apparent for technical staff, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is closed according to the plan-position of the members of the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of one embodiment of the disclosure It is schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is shown according to the layered structure of the antenna element of the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of one embodiment of the disclosure It is intended to；

Fig. 3 is the yoz plane view cross-sectional schematic diagram according to the restructural beam scanning antennas of one embodiment of the disclosure；

Fig. 4 (a)-(f) is the schematic diagram of the radiating element of different embodiments；

Fig. 5 (a)-(e) is the rotation angle schematic diagram of the radiating element of different embodiments；

Fig. 6 (a)-(h) is the schematic diagram of radiating element arrangement mode on a carrier layer in an embodiment；

Fig. 7 (a)-(b) is the schematic diagram of the coupling part 8 of different embodiments；

Fig. 8 (a)-(b) is the schematic diagram according to the radiating element of another embodiment of disclosure arrangement mode on a carrier layer；

Fig. 9 (a)-(d) is the schematic shapes according to the coupling part of one embodiment of the disclosure.

Specific embodiment

In order to keep technical solution and the advantage of the disclosure clearer, in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments to the disclosure It is described in detail.Embodiment of the disclosure provides the illustrative implementation for disclosure design concept, shows Understanding to the design of the utility model Basic Design, and be not intended to carry out the disclosure limitation of technical detail.The disclosure Antenna both can be used for receiving antenna, can be used for transmitting antenna.When being described with receiving antenna side, it should be understood that its Purpose is more clearly to illustrate the utility model, is only able to achieve receive capabilities without should all be not understood as.

The utility model proposes the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, be the day being made of n antenna element (n >=2) Linear array.

Fig. 1 shows the plan-position of the restructural beam scanning antennas members of liquid crystal according to one embodiment of the disclosure Relation schematic diagram, the embodiment are 6 × 4 aerial arrays, and second dielectric layer 3, metal electrode 6 and its voltage are only shown in figure The positional relationship in the 7, first metal patch 8 and its gap 9 and the restructural beam scanning antennas of entire liquid crystal is driven, and is not shown the One dielectric layer 1, liquid crystal layer 2, third dielectric layer 4, ground plane 5, the second metal patch 10 and coupling part 11；

Fig. 2 shows the antenna element layered structures according to the liquid crystal restructural beam scanning antennas of one embodiment of the disclosure Figure；Fig. 3 shows the individual antenna unit according to the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of one embodiment of the disclosure along yoz plane Schematic cross-section.

According to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the antenna element of the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal is equipped with first from top to bottom Dielectric layer 1, liquid crystal layer 2, second dielectric layer 3, third dielectric layer 4 and ground plane 5, in which:

The lower surface of the first medium layer 1 is equipped with metal electrode 6 and its voltage driving 7, and the voltage driving 7 is located at institute State one end of metal electrode 6；

The upper surface of the second dielectric layer 3 is equipped with the first metal patch 8, is arranged on first metal patch 8 seamed Gap 9, floor of first metal patch 8 also as voltage driving 7, is connected with the cathode of external drive voltage；

The lower surface of the second dielectric layer 3 is equipped with the second metal patch 10, is provided on second metal patch 10 Coupling part 11, by the coupling part 11, the signal energy transmitted in third dielectric layer 4 can be coupled to first metal In patch 8；

Wherein, the first medium layer 1, liquid crystal layer 2, second dielectric layer 3, third dielectric layer 4 and ground plane 5 are closely tied It closes, schematic cross-section is as shown in Figure 3.

Wherein, the first medium layer 1 is that metal electrode 6 and its voltage driving 7 provide the carrier of setting；Optionally, The thickness of one dielectric layer 1 may be configured as 0.1mm-5mm.

In an embodiment of the utility model, the material of the metal electrode 6 is the good metal of electric conductivity.

The liquid crystal layer 2 is in close contact with metal electrode 6 and its voltage driving 7 and the first metal patch 8 respectively；Institute The surface for stating metal electrode 6 and the first metal patch 8 is equipped with both alignment layers, to guarantee that the long axis of liquid crystal material molecules can not applied Xoy plane shown in Fig. 1 is parallel in alive situation, optionally, the material of the both alignment layers can be polyimides Equal materials.

In Fig. 1, the surrounding of liquid crystal layer 2, that is, the edge of entire antenna, Seal treatment is carried out, for example, by using frame Glue carries out Seal treatment to prevent liquid crystal leakage.Wherein, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 2 is generally several microns to several hundred microns.? In another embodiment of the utility model, the liquid crystal layer 2 is divided into multiple liquid crystal sublayers, the multiple liquid crystal by filler The surrounding of layer carries out above-mentioned Seal treatment to prevent liquid crystal leakage.

In liquid crystal layer 2, in order to guarantee that thickness of liquid crystal is uniform, need to be mixed into a small amount of support construction in liquid crystal, optionally, institute State support construction can be it is random it is mixed there is fixed-size spherical particle (spacer), be also possible to according to default rule The miniature support column of arrangement.

Second dielectric layer 3 is that the first metal patch 8 of its upper and lower surfaces and the second metal patch 10 provide setting Carrier.From the foregoing, it can be understood that the second dielectric layer 3 and first medium layer 1 all play the role of carrier, can be used for example The hard materials such as F4B, ceramics, resin, glass can also use flexible material to constitute flexible antennas.Wherein, described first is situated between Matter layer 1 and second dielectric layer 3 can use identical or different parameter, for example the second dielectric layer 3 and first medium layer 1 can To use identical material, different materials can also be used, the two can have identical or about the same thickness, such as the Both one dielectric layer 1 and the thickness of second dielectric layer 3 may be configured as 0.1mm-5mm, it is possible to have different thickness, such as Thickness can differ between 0.1~5mm.

In an embodiment of the utility model, the metal electrode 6 and its voltage drive the 7, first metal patch 8 and second The set-up mode of metal patch 10, can be using techniques such as printings.

It is said from another angle, the restructural beam scanning antennas can be divided into irradiation structure and wave transmission structure, The wave transmission structure and irradiation structure are set gradually from bottom to top, wherein the first metal patch 8 with gap 9 constitutes institute The irradiation structure for stating antenna can adjust the irradiation structure by changing the dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer 2 for the side of being covered on it Working frequency and radiation amplitude, and then realize the beam scanning of the entire restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal.Wherein, the liquid crystal The variation of 2 dielectric constant of layer can be by adjusting voltage driving 7 of the load between metal electrode 6 and the first metal patch 8 It realizes, voltage driving 7 can be specifically connected in external voltage biasing networks with superfine metal offset line, by outer Portion's voltage bias network realizes the regulation of liquid crystal dielectric constant.

Wherein, the wave transmission structure can be parallel-plate waveguide, the second metal patch 10, ground plane 5, third dielectric layer 4 constitute the wave transmission structure, wherein second metal patch 10 respectively constitutes the transmission of parallel-plate waveguide wave with ground plane 5 The upper lower wall of structure；Third dielectric layer 4 is filled using air, is equivalent to the air filled layer of parallel-plate waveguide；Coupling part 11 is The coupling gap etched on the second metal patch 10, its effect are the electricity for propagating part in lower layer's parallel-plate waveguide Magnetic wave energy is coupled in the irradiation structure of upper layer.

It is described in detail below for irradiation structure and wave transmission structure:

Irradiation structure

In the present invention, irradiation structure is used to receive the signal of coupling feed-in from the wave transmission structure of lower layer, and will Signal is radiate outward；Particularly, the utility model antenna also has radiation control structure, for changing the work of irradiation structure Working frequency and radiation amplitude, and then realize the scanning of wave beam, it can also be expected that the wave transmission structure, irradiation structure and radiation Control structure is set gradually from bottom to top.Wherein, the radiation control structure can both be considered as the composed structure of irradiation structure, An independent control structure can be considered as.

For the convenience of description, irradiation structure and radiation control structure are introduced together at this.

From the foregoing, it can be understood that the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal includes the day being made of n antenna element (n >=2) Linear array, each antenna element have the irradiation structure of oneself, also referred to as radiating element, it is understood that described The irradiation structure of the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal includes the array being made of n radiating element (n >=2), similarly, the spoke Penetrating control structure includes the array being made of n radiation control unit (n >=2), and each radiating element and radiation control unit are equal It is corresponding with antenna element.

In specific embodiment as shown in Figs. 1-3, the radiating element mainly includes the first metal patch 8 and is arranged at it On gap 9, as shown in Figure 1, for 6 × 4 restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, 24 radiating elements constitute the liquid The irradiation structure of brilliant restructural beam scanning antennas, the radiation signal of each radiating element are coupled to form entire antenna array The outside radiation signal of column, wherein the relationship between first metal patch 9 and the gap 9 being disposed thereon is the seam Gap 9 makes first metal patch 8 in symmetric relation or makes the major part of first metal patch 8 in symmetric relation. For as shown in Figure 16 × 4 restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, 24 radiation control units constitute the liquid crystal can Reconstruct beam scanning antennas radiation control structure, the radiation control unit mainly include liquid crystal layer 2 and metal electrode 6 and its It is inclined to change outside of the load between metal electrode 6 and corresponding first metal patch 8 by voltage driving 7 for voltage driving 7 Voltage is set, such as is connected to the positive and negative electrode of external voltage biasing networks with superfine metal offset line, so that it may change liquid crystal layer 2 dielectric constant, and then change the working frequency and radiation amplitude of irradiation structure.

Certainly, the radiating element includes but is not limited to form shown in Fig. 2, described as shown in Fig. 4 (a) to Fig. 4 (f) Radiating element can also have various modifications, specific as follows.

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (f), the shape of first metal patch 8 can be rectangle, unfilled corner rectangle, put down Row quadrangle etc., in addition to this, first metal patch 8 may be arranged as round, oval, trapezoidal or other shapes. As shown in Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 5 (c)-(d), first metal patch 8 can be parallel to direction of propagation of energy y and place, can also be with It has a certain degree placement with direction of propagation of energy y, correspondingly, the gap 9 can be parallel to direction of propagation of energy y, can also To have a certain degree with direction of propagation of energy y, wherein first metal patch 8 and gap 9, the two and energy transmission side It may be the same or different to the angle of y, as shown in Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (d).

Wherein, the quantity in gap 9 can be 1,2 or more on first metal patch 8, correspondingly, described Metal electrode 6 and its quantity of voltage driving 7 may be 1,2 or more, and particular number can be come according to actual needs Setting.When the gap 9 is single seam, the center of the first metal patch 8 can be located at, the first metal patch can also be deviateed 8 center；When the gap 9 is more seam, between gap can arranged opposite, pre-determined distance can also be mutually staggered, such as Fig. 4 (b) It is shown.The shape in the gap 9, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6, either rectangle, be also possible to dumbbell shape, rectangular-ambulatory-plane, annular, The various shapes such as curved, cross, hourglass shape.

Mentioned above, the irradiation structure in the utility model is made of metal patch 8 and gap 9, then its mode of resonance Also it is made of 8 resonance of metal patch and gap 9 resonance, two kinds of modes.

When 9 resonance of gap is main mode of resonance, gap 9 can be in positive/negative 90 degree of right angles with direction of propagation of energy y, To realize linearly polarized radiation, (10 can also be deviated at positive/negative 45 degree of angles or close to positive/negative 45 degree with direction of propagation of energy Within degree) angle, and be staggered to realize circular polarisation, as shown in Fig. 5 (a)；Wherein, staggered mode is either phase Neighbour is interlocked, and is also possible to adjacent unit group and is interlocked, such as shown in Fig. 5 (b), adjacent radiating element can form one group, phase Adjacent radiating element group is interlocked, and the quantity of the first metal patch 8 in radiating element group includes but is not limited to 2, such as can also To be 3,4 or more.In another embodiment, first metal patch 8 is the unfilled corner rectangle as shown in Fig. 5 (e), At this point, first metal patch 8 can be as shown in Figure 1 individual patch, can also integrally connect together as whole piece Patch is not necessarily to that the angle of the first metal patch 8 is discussed at this time.

When 8 resonance of the first metal patch is main mode of resonance, the first metal patch 8 can be with direction of propagation of energy y In positive/negative 45 degree or close to 45 degree of (within 10 degree of offset) angles, by adjusting 8 (first gold medal at this time of the first metal patch Belonging to patch 8 can only be in rectangle or unfilled corner rectangular shape) side length on adjacent two sides, so that it may realize circular polarization characteristics, such as Fig. 5 (c) shown in.

It, can be by the first metal patch 8 and gap 9 simultaneously when 8 resonance of the first metal patch and suitable 9 resonance of gap With direction of propagation of energy y in positive/negative 45 degree or close to 45 degree of (within 10 degree of offset) angles, to obtain circular polarization characteristics, such as Fig. 5 (d) shown in；It in positive/negative 90 degree or close to 90 degree (offset 10 degree within) can also be in scarce by using with direction of propagation of energy First metal patch 8 of angle rectangular shape and with direction of propagation of energy in positive/negative 45 degree or close to 45 degree (deviate 10 degree within) Circular polarization characteristics are realized in the gap 9 of angle, as shown in Fig. 5 (e).

I.e., it is possible to according to the mode of resonance of the first metal patch 8 and gap 9, selection the first metal patch 8 of adjustment and gap The angle of one or two in 9 between direction of propagation of energy y, the circular polarisation of Lai Shixian antenna.

The metal electrode 6 is covered on the top in gap 9, but is not necessarily covered at the geometric center in gap 9.Metal The positional relationship in electrode 6 and its driving voltage 7 and gap 9 can there are many implementations, specific as shown in Fig. 6 (a) -6 (h). Each gap 9 can respectively correspond a metal electrode 6 and its voltage driving 7, can also only correspond to a metal with multiple gaps 9 Electrode 6 and its voltage driving 7, are also possible to the combination of both corresponded manners.It, can be only right for annular slot 9 Answer a metal electrode 6 and its voltage to drive 7, can also correspond to multiple metal electrodes 6 and its voltage driving 7, metal electrode 6 and Its voltage driving 7 can only have 1 time with annular slot 9 and intersect, and can also have 2 times and intersect or cross over many times；Metal electrode 6 and its Voltage driving 7 and 9 angulation of gap, can be 90 degree of right angle, are also possible to other angles, as shown in Fig. 6 (a).

The shape of the metal electrode 6, can be rectangle, circle, ellipse or other shapes, as shown in Figure 7.

The voltage driving 7, for connecting external voltage biasing networks and metal electrode 6, when using PCB technology, institute Stating voltage driving 7 is a metal connecting terminal；When using liquid crystal display panel technique, the voltage driving 7 is semiconductor driving member Part, for example including thin film transistor (TFT) TFT and thin film diode TFD.

As shown in Figure 1, the value mode of the spacing d2 between the radiating element along the spacing d1 of y-axis and along x-axis can be with It is set as needed by those skilled in the art.

As shown in Figure 1, arrangement mode of the radiating element in carrier layer 1, can be the side of horizontal and vertical alignment Formula, the arrangement mode for the default spacing that is also possible to be staggered as shown in Fig. 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b).

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the radiating element further includes first medium layer 1, and the first medium layer 1 is main It is used to 7 provide the carrier of installation and setting for metal electrode 6 and its voltage driving, optionally, the first medium layer 1 can be with Select such as glass, the materials such as resin；Optionally, the metal electrode 6 and its voltage driving 7 can use pcb board, liquid crystal surface Plate technique, semiconductor technology or other manufacturing process are set on the first medium layer 1.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the radiating element further includes second dielectric layer 3, and the second dielectric layer 3 is main It is used to provide the carrier of installation and setting for the first metal patch 8, gap 9, the second metal patch 10 and coupling part 11, it is optional Ground, the second dielectric layer 3 can choose such as glass, the materials such as resin；Optionally, first and second metal patch can To be set in second dielectric layer 3 using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique, semiconductor technology or other manufacturing process.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the radiating element further includes liquid crystal layer 2, and the liquid crystal layer 2 is located at first and is situated between Between matter layer 1 and second dielectric layer 3, optionally, the formation of the liquid crystal layer 2 can be formed by liquid crystal filling technique, such as Antenna surrounding shown in FIG. 1, is sealed using frame adhesive, prevents liquid crystal leakage.Metal electrode 6 and the first metal patch 8 Surface needs to carry out orientation processing, for example both alignment layers are arranged on the surface of the metal electrode 6 and the first metal patch 8, described Orientation processing means belong to the prior art, and details are not described herein.

Wave transmission structure

The wave transmission structure receives the signal of feed-in, irradiation structure is couple upwards by signal, to realize signal Transmission outward.

There are many kinds of common wave transmission structures, including microwave transmission line, such as microstrip line, rectangular waveguide, strip line； In a specific embodiment of the utility model, using the form of parallel-plate waveguide.

1. parallel-plate waveguide

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when Antenna Operation, signal energy is from the feed-in of the face xoz by being set to 3 following table of second dielectric layer The parallel plate waveguide structure that second metal patch 10, third dielectric layer 4 and the ground plane 5 in face are constituted, and along energy transmission side It is propagated to the direction y, in communication process, part signal energy is coupled to upper layer by the coupling part 11 on the second metal patch 10 Radiating element in, form outside signal radiation, remaining signal energy then continues to propagate and present in parallel-plate waveguide Enter into next stage radiating element, the outside radiation signal of each radiating element is coupled to form weighing for the utility model The radiation signal of structure beam scanning antennas.

As shown in Figure 1, side (left or right side) feed-in of electromagnetic energy antenna from Fig. 1, along wave transmission structure to The other side, which is transmitted, is simultaneously gradually coupled to upper layer irradiation structure, a small amount of dump energy when reaching the other side of Fig. 1 antenna (right side or Left side) when, using distance most the first pre-determined distance of final stage radiating element, such as 1/4 wavelength metal enclosed wall or distance most The absorbing material of the second pre-determined distance of final stage radiating element is handled.Wherein, first pre-determined distance and second it is default away from From can be identical or not identical, specific value can be determined according to the needs of practical application.

When using parallel-plate waveguide as wave transmission structure, feed is realized using waveguide-parallel-plate waveguide transformational structure, Concrete methods of realizing is fed first with coaxial or rectangular waveguide to waveguide-parallel-plate waveguide transformational structure, by this After transformational structure, outgoing electromagnetic wave is changed into TEM or Quasi-TEM mode, and this makes it possible to meet the need propagated in parallel-plate waveguide It wants.When using the wave transmission structure of the forms such as microstrip line, strip line and rectangular waveguide, using well known feed form.

When wave transmission structure uses parallel-plate waveguide mode, the shape of coupling part 11 can be as shown in Fig. 9 (a)-(d) The different shapes such as circle, rectangle, H-type, ellipse, dumb-bell shape, I font；In order to guarantee the integrality of wave guide wall, the second metal patch Piece 10 needs completely to cover second dielectric layer 3.

The material of the third dielectric layer 4 is optionally air, can also be including but not limited to F4B, ceramic substrate, indigo plant The other materials such as jewel substrate can introduce slow-wave structure in another embodiment to optimize its performance.The third medium The constituted mode of layer 4, it is alternatively possible to by the way that second dielectric layer 3 is suspended at certain altitude on ground plane 5, shape between the two Third dielectric layer 4 is constituted at air, is supported in antenna edge using support construction, optionally, the support construction can be Apart from outermost edge antenna element third pre-determined distance, such as the metal enclosed wall of 1/4 work waveguide wavelength, distance can also be used The absorbing material of the 4th pre-determined distance of outermost edge antenna element is realized, wherein the third pre-determined distance and the 4th it is default away from From can be identical or not identical, specific value can be adjusted according to the needs of practical application by actual techniques personnel.

When the wave transmission structure uses microstrip line, rectangular waveguide, when the transmission structure of the forms such as strip line, the second metal Patch 10 also should completely cover entire second dielectric layer 3.

2. being inverted microstrip line construction

When wave transmission structure is using microstrip line construction is inverted, the second metal patch 10 is equivalent to the ground for being inverted microstrip line Plate which is provided with the coupling part 11 that fluting is formed, at this point, third dielectric layer 4 uses conventional dielectric materials in addition to air, the The floor layer 5 in Fig. 2 is replaced using metal conduction band below three dielectric layers 4.

3. Rectangular Waveguide Structure

When wave transmission structure uses rectangular waveguide, Rectangular Waveguide Structure replaces the second metal patch 10, third dielectric layer 4 With floor layer 5, the broadside wave guide wall of rectangular waveguide is close to the lower section of second dielectric layer 3, and fluting forms coupling part on wave guide wall.

4. strip lines configuration

When wave transmission structure uses strip line, the second metal patch 10 is constant, is equivalent to the floor of strip line side, Third dielectric layer 4 uses conventional dielectric materials, and floor layer 5 replaces with metal conduction band, is disposed with below metal conduction band another The dielectric layer of one layer of conventional dielectric materials and the floor layer of the other side.

In specific embodiment of the utility model, as described above, irradiation structure is the battle array being made of n radiating element It arranges (n >=2), shares the wave transmission structure of connection respectively by signal by passing through radiation control in coupling part feed-in radiating element Structure regulates and controls the working frequency and amplitude on each radiating element, to realize ± 75 ° in yoz plane of beam scanning model It encloses, and then realizes the solid beam scanning of entire restructural beam scanning antennas.Scanning range can cover pitch range 0- 75 °, 0-360 ° of azimuth coverage almost cover the upper space of entire metal floor layer.

The wave transmission structure can use microwave transmission line, such as microstrip line, rectangular waveguide, strip line mode, come real Now wave is transmitted in signal feed-in radiating element, also can be realized liquid crystal involved in the utility model in this way can weigh Structure beam scanning antennas；Also, the utility model can also by by the amplitude and phase for corresponding to different radiation directions be distributed into Row group merges normalization, and the multiple radiation of any direction, such as three wave beams, five wave beams, seven wave beams are realized in scanning range Deng, and these wave beams are all independent, controllable.

In addition, the guided electromagnetic wave for excitation radiation unit is usually larger in loss in traditional beam scanning antennas Diode load transmission line in propagate, largely limit the gross efficiency of antenna；And in the present invention, leading Electromagnetic wave is transmitted in low-loss wave transmission structure, such as in air parallel board waveguide, and loss is extremely low, to greatly improve The gross efficiency of antenna.

Above description is only the preferred embodiment of the disclosure and the explanation to institute's application technology principle.Those skilled in the art Member is it should be appreciated that the open scope involved in the disclosure, however it is not limited to technology made of the specific combination of above-mentioned technical characteristic Scheme, while should also cover in the case where not departing from the open design, it is carried out by above-mentioned technical characteristic or its equivalent feature Any combination and the other technical solutions formed.Such as features described above has similar function with (but being not limited to) disclosed in the disclosure Can technical characteristic replaced mutually and the technical solution that is formed.

Claims

1. a kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, which is characterized in that the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal includes wave Transmission structure, irradiation structure and radiation control structure, in which:

The irradiation structure from underlying wave transmission structure for receiving the signal of coupling feed-in, and by the outside spoke of signal It is shot out；

The radiation control structure is used to control the working frequency and radiation amplitude of the irradiation structure by control liquid crystal.

2. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the irradiation structure includes n The array of a radiating element, the radiation control structure include the array of n radiation control unit.

3. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the radiating element includes the One metal patch and the gap being arranged on first metal patch.

4. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 3, which is characterized in that first metal patch with Relationship between the gap is that the gap makes the first metal patch in symmetric relation or the main portion of the first metal patch Dividing is in symmetric relation.

5. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3-4, which is characterized in that the radiation control Structure includes liquid crystal layer, metal electrode and its voltage driving.

6. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the voltage driving and outside Voltage bias network connection is changed by changing external bias voltage of the load between metal electrode and the first metal patch The dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer, and then change the working frequency and radiation amplitude of the radiating element.

7. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that first gold medal Category patch is rectangle, unfilled corner rectangle, parallelogram, circle, ellipse or trapezoidal.

8. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that first gold medal It is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel to belong to patch.

9. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that first gold medal Angle between category patch and direction of wave travel is 45 degree or close to 45 degree, described to refer to that the angle within 10 degree is inclined close to 45 degree Difference.

10. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that the gap For rectangle, annular, rectangular-ambulatory-plane, dumbbell shape, cross, curved, hourglass shape.

11. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that described first Gap on metal patch is 1,2 or multiple.

12. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that when the seam When gap is 1, the gap is located at the center of the first metal patch or deviates the center of the first metal patch.

13. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that when the seam When gap is 2 or multiple, arranged opposite or the pre-determined distance that is staggered arrangement between the gap.

14. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that the gap It is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel.

15. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6, which is characterized in that the gap Angle between direction of wave travel is 90 degree, close to 90 degree, 45 degree or close to 45 degree, described close to the angle referred within 10 degree Spend deviation.

16. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the metal electrode and its Voltage is driven to 1,2 or multiple.

17. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal in claim 2-4,6,16, which is characterized in that adjacent spoke It penetrates between unit or adjacent radiation unit group and is staggered, the radiating element group is made of 2 or multiple radiating elements.

18. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 3,4,6,16, which is characterized in that described the One metal patch is in unfilled corner rectangle, and the angle between first metal patch and direction of wave travel is 90 degree or close to 90 degree, For angle between the gap and direction of wave travel for 45 degree or close to 45 degree, described approach refers to that the angle within 10 degree is inclined Difference.

19. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the metal electrode covering In the top in the gap.

20. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the quantity in the gap with The metal electrode and its quantity of voltage driving are the combinations of one-to-one correspondence, one-to-many, many-one or the above corresponded manner.

21. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the metal electrode and its Voltage driving intersects there are 1 time with gap, intersects or cross over many times for 2 times.

22. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the metal electrode is in square Shape, round or ellipse.

23. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the voltage is driven to gold Belong to connection terminal or semiconductor driving element.

24. according to claim 2-4,6,16, any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of 19-23, which is characterized in that The radiating element is in the arrangement mode of lateral, longitudinal and/or oblique alignment.

25. according to claim 6,16, any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of 19-23, which is characterized in that described Radiating element further includes first medium layer, for providing the carrier of installation and setting for the metal electrode and its voltage driving.

26. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 25, which is characterized in that the metal electrode and its Voltage drives the lower surface that the first medium layer is arranged in, and the voltage driving is located at one end of metal electrode.

27. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 25, which is characterized in that the first medium layer is Glass or resin.

28. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 26 or 27, which is characterized in that the metal electrode And its voltage driving is set on the first medium layer using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology.

29. special according to claim 3-4,6,16, any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal in 19-23,26,27 Sign is that the radiating element further includes second dielectric layer, for providing for first metal patch and the second metal patch The carrier of installation and setting.

30. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 29, which is characterized in that the second dielectric layer is Glass or resin.

31. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 29, which is characterized in that first and second gold medal Belong to patch to be set in the second dielectric layer using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology.

32. according to claim 2-4,6,16, any restructural beam scanning day of liquid crystal in 19-23,26,27,30,31 Line, which is characterized in that the radiating element further includes liquid crystal layer.

33. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the metal electrode and The surface of one metal patch needs to carry out orientation processing.

34. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the metal electrode and Both alignment layers are arranged in the surface of one metal patch.

35. according to claim 1-4,6,16, any restructural wave beam of liquid crystal in 19-23,26,27,30,31,33,34 is swept Retouch antenna, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure is parallel plate waveguide structure.

36. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 35, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure packet Include the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and ground plane being arranged from top to bottom, wherein second metal patch setting is the The lower surface of second medium layer is additionally provided with coupling part on second metal patch, the signal for transmitting third dielectric layer It is coupled in irradiation structure.

37. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 36, which is characterized in that the coupling part is to open up Hollow-out part on second metal patch.

38. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 36 or 37, which is characterized in that the coupling part is Circle, ellipse, dumb-bell shape, rectangle, I font or H font.

39. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 36 or 37, which is characterized in that second metal Patch completely covers second dielectric layer.

40. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 36 or 37, which is characterized in that the third medium The material of layer is air, F4B, ceramic substrate or sapphire substrate.

41. according to claim 1-4,6,16, any restructural wave beam of liquid crystal in 19-23,26,27,30,31,33,34 is swept Retouch antenna, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure is to be inverted microstrip line construction.

42. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 41, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure packet Include the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and metal conduction band being arranged from top to bottom, wherein the second metal patch setting exists The lower surface of second dielectric layer is additionally provided with coupling part on second metal patch, the letter for transmitting third dielectric layer Number it is coupled in irradiation structure.

43. according to claim 1-4,6,16, any restructural wave beam of liquid crystal in 19-23,26,27,30,31,33,34 is swept Retouch antenna, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure is Rectangular Waveguide Structure.

44. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 43, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure packet Rectangular waveguide is included, upper surface offers coupling part, for the signal transmitted in the rectangular waveguide to be coupled to irradiation structure In.

45. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 44, which is characterized in that the coupling part is to open up Hollow-out part in rectangular waveguide upper surface.

46. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 44 or 45, which is characterized in that the coupling part is Circle, ellipse, dumb-bell shape, rectangle, I font or H font.

47. according to claim 1-4,6,16, any restructural wave beam of liquid crystal in 19-23,26,27,30,31,33,34 is swept Retouch antenna, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure is strip lines configuration.

48. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 47, which is characterized in that the wave transmission structure packet The second metal patch being arranged from top to bottom, third dielectric layer, metal conduction band, the 4th dielectric layer and floor layer are included, wherein second Coupling part is provided on metal patch, the signal for transmitting dielectric layer is coupled in irradiation structure, wherein third medium Layer is different from the dielectric material that the 4th dielectric layer uses.

49. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 48, which is characterized in that the coupling part is circle Shape, ellipse, dumb-bell shape, rectangle, I font or H font.

50. a kind of restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal characterized by comprising n antenna element, the n antenna element Form aerial array, in which:

The antenna element is equipped with first medium layer, liquid crystal layer, second dielectric layer and wave transmission structure from top to bottom, in which:

The lower surface of the first medium layer is provided with metal electrode and its voltage driving, and the voltage driving is located at the metal One end of electrode；

51. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 50, which is characterized in that the first medium layer, Liquid crystal layer, second dielectric layer and wave transmission structure are combined closely.

52. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer point It is not in close contact with metal electrode and its voltage driving and the first metal patch.

53. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the metal electrode Both alignment layers are equipped with the surface of the first metal patch.

54. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer Doped with support construction in liquid crystal.

55. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the wave transmission knot Structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and ground plane, in which: second metal patch is arranged in the second medium The lower surface of layer is provided with coupling part on second metal patch.

56. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the wave transmission knot Structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer and metal conduction band, in which: the second metal patch setting is situated between described second The lower surface of matter layer is provided with coupling part on second metal patch.

57. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 56, which is characterized in that the first medium layer, Liquid crystal layer, second dielectric layer, third dielectric layer and metal conduction band are combined closely.

58. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 55, which is characterized in that the coupling part is to open up Hollow-out part on second metal patch.

59. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the wave transmission knot Structure includes rectangular waveguide, in which: is provided with coupling part on the rectangular waveguide.

60. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 59, which is characterized in that the coupling part is to open up Hollow-out part in rectangular waveguide upper surface.

61. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the wave transmission knot Structure includes the second metal patch, third dielectric layer, metal conduction band, the 4th dielectric layer and floor layer, in which: the second metal patch The lower surface of the second dielectric layer is arranged in piece, and coupling part, the third dielectric layer are provided on second metal patch It is different from the dielectric material that the 4th dielectric layer uses.

62. the restructural beam scanning antennas of the liquid crystal according to claim 50 or 51, which is characterized in that the dielectric layer is Air layer or layer of dielectric material.

63. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 62, which is characterized in that when the dielectric layer is sky When gas-bearing formation, the edge of the antenna element is provided with support construction.

64. the restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal according to claim 63, which is characterized in that the support construction is gold Belong to enclosing wall or absorbent structure.

65. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the surface of the metal electrode and the first metal patch is equipped with both alignment layers.

66. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In doped with support construction in the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer.

67. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the relationship between first metal patch and the gap is that the gap makes the first metal patch in symmetric relation Or first metal patch major part be in symmetric relation.

68. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In described first belongs to patch for rectangle, unfilled corner rectangle, parallelogram, circle, ellipse or trapezoidal.

69. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In first metal patch is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel.

70. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the angle between first metal patch and direction of wave travel is 45 degree or close to 45 degree, described to refer to 10 close to 45 degree Angular deviation within degree.

71. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the gap is rectangle, annular, rectangular-ambulatory-plane, dumbbell shape, cross, curved, hourglass shape gap.

72. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the gap on first metal patch is 1,2 or multiple.

73. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In when the gap is 1, the gap is located at the center of the first metal patch or deviates the center of the first metal patch.

74. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In when the gap is 2 or multiple, be staggered pre-determined distance arrangement between the gap.

75. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the gap is parallel or at an angle with direction of wave travel.

76. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the angle between the gap and direction of wave travel is 90 degree, close to 90 degree, 45 degree or close to 45 degree, and described approach refers to Angular deviation within 10 degree.

77. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the metal electrode and its voltage are driven to 1,2 or multiple.

78. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In, first metal patch be in unfilled corner rectangle, the angle between first metal patch and direction of wave travel be 90 degree or Close to 90 degree, the angle between the gap and direction of wave travel is 45 degree or close to 45 degree, and described approach refers within 10 degree Angular deviation.

79. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the metal electrode is covered on the top in the gap.

80. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the quantity that, the quantity in the gap and the metal electrode and its voltage drive be correspond, one-to-many, many-one or with The combination of upper corresponded manner.

81. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the metal electrode and its voltage driving intersect there are 1 time with gap, intersect or cross over many times for 2 times.

82. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the metal electrode is in rectangle, round or ellipse.

83. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the voltage is driven to metal connecting terminal or semiconductor driving element.

84. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the first medium layer is glass or resin.

85. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In the metal electrode and its voltage driving are set to described first using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology and are situated between On matter layer.

86. according to claim 50,51,57,60,63e, 64 any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal, feature It is, the second dielectric layer is glass or resin.

87. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In first and second metal patch is set to the first medium using pcb board, liquid crystal display panel technique or semiconductor technology On layer.

88. according to any restructural beam scanning antennas of liquid crystal of claim 50,51,57,60,63,64, feature exists In being provided with metal enclosed wall or absorbent structure in the edge of the antenna element or carrier layer.