CN111229197A - Catalyst for kitchen waste and kitchen waste treatment method - Google Patents
Catalyst for kitchen waste and kitchen waste treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111229197A CN111229197A CN202010222817.9A CN202010222817A CN111229197A CN 111229197 A CN111229197 A CN 111229197A CN 202010222817 A CN202010222817 A CN 202010222817A CN 111229197 A CN111229197 A CN 111229197A
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B01J35/615—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/06—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- B01J35/40—
-
- B01J35/633—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
- C10G2300/1007—Used oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Abstract
The invention relates to a catalyst for kitchen waste, which is prepared by the following steps: fully mixing 15-95 parts by weight of alumina, 5-32 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 0.01-0.1 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.5-10 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 10-30 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 5-13 parts by weight of water and 3-10 parts by weight of high clay; calcining for 2-4 hours in a reducing atmosphere at the temperature of 200-400 ℃; cooling, crushing and ball milling to specific surface area of 100-2And/g, the average particle size is less than 200 meshes, and the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained. The invention also relates toAnd a kitchen waste treatment method. Aiming at waste classification, the invention synthesizes the waste oil separated from kitchen waste into a solid catalyst, utilizes an electric heating device, a pressure-resistant device, a high-vacuum pump and a sectional heating device, and utilizes the solid catalyst to lead the waste oil separated from the kitchen waste on site into a high-temperature pressure-resistant reaction kettle to crack the waste oil into bio-gasoline and biodiesel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a catalyst for kitchen waste and a kitchen waste treatment method.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the output of kitchen waste is larger and larger, and the subsequent phenomena of waste oil in kitchen rooms, hogwash pigs and the like seriously harm the life health of people. Kitchen waste disposal has become the most serious social priority. Kitchen waste, commonly known as swill, also known as swill and hogwash, is domestic waste formed by residents in the process of domestic consumption, is extremely easy to rot and deteriorate, emits stink, spreads bacteria and viruses, and mainly comprises rice and flour food residues, vegetables, animal and vegetable oil, meat and bones and the like; chemically, the food contains starch, cellulose, protein, lipid and inorganic salt.
At present, the kitchen waste treatment mode is single, such as composting and anaerobic fermentation for producing biogas, the kitchen waste is difficult to be thoroughly treated, the amount of generated residues is large, and the product is difficult to be discharged. In addition, a large amount of dead bodies of livestock and poultry and discarded vegetable leaves of farmer trade are randomly discarded in inappropriate places such as streams and riverways, which cause serious pollution to air, water sources and soil environments, and bury a hidden crisis for epidemic spread.
In order to solve the technical problem of disposing the kitchen waste, various waste disposal methods are developed, and most of the waste disposal methods adopt conventional methods such as crushing, squeezing, burning, landfill disposal and the like. The treatment of grease in kitchen waste is the most important part in the waste treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a catalyst for kitchen waste, which is prepared by the following steps:
fully mixing 15-95 parts by weight of alumina, 5-32 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 0.01-0.1 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.5-10 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 10-30 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 5-13 parts by weight of water and 3-10 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 2-4 hours in a reducing atmosphere at the temperature of 200-400 ℃;
cooling, crushing and ball milling to specific surface area of 100-2And/g, the average particle size is less than 200 meshes, and the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained.
As a preferred technical scheme, the specific surface area of the catalyst is 200-2The grain diameter is 100-150 meshes.
A kitchen waste treatment method comprises the following steps:
sending deep dehydrated oil obtained from kitchen waste into vacuum catalytic treatment equipment, wherein the vacuum catalytic treatment equipment consists of a heating area, a catalytic area and a cooling area; the temperature of the heating zone is 375-600 ℃, and the catalyst prepared by the method in claim 1 is arranged in the catalytic zone;
as a preferable technical scheme, the deep dehydration oil passes through a heating zone, a catalytic zone and a cooling zone in sequence, and the biofuel oil is obtained after cooling.
As a preferred technical solution, the heating device is a thin film evaporator.
As a preferable technical scheme, the temperature of the heating zone is 380-500 ℃.
As a preferred technical solution, the catalytic zone is a catalytic bed provided with a catalyst.
As a preferred technical scheme, the cooling zone comprises a first-stage oil cooling zone and a second-stage water cooling zone.
As a preferable technical scheme, the treatment method further comprises the following kitchen waste dehydration step:
mechanically squeezing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to obtain a swill grease mixture;
the swill grease mixture is treated through electric heating vacuum dewatering to water content lower than 0.01% to obtain deeply dewatered oil.
Aiming at waste classification, kitchen waste oil separated from kitchen waste is synthesized into a solid catalyst, an electric heating device, a pressure-resistant device and a high-vacuum pump are matched, the high-vacuum pump and a segmented temperature-rising heating device are matched, the kitchen waste oil separated from the kitchen waste on site or other animal and vegetable oil is introduced into a high-temperature pressure-resistant reaction kettle by using the solid catalyst, and the kitchen waste oil is cracked into bio-gasoline and bio-diesel. The core of the device is the design of a catalyst synthesis device, the cracking efficiency, the on-site environmental protection and safety protection and the like.
The above-described and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the description and claims of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Also, the use of the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one.
A catalyst for kitchen waste is prepared by the following steps:
fully mixing 15-95 parts by weight of alumina, 5-32 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 0.01-0.1 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.5-10 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 10-30 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 5-13 parts by weight of water and 3-10 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 2-4 hours in a reducing atmosphere at the temperature of 200-400 ℃;
cooling, crushing and ball milling to specific surface area of 100-2And/g, the average particle size is less than 200 meshes, and the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained.
As a preferred embodiment, the specific surface area of the catalyst is 200 square meters per gram and the pore volume is 0.30-0.40cm2The grain diameter is 100-150 meshes.
A kitchen waste treatment method comprises the following steps:
sending deep dehydrated oil obtained from kitchen waste into vacuum catalytic treatment equipment, wherein the vacuum catalytic treatment equipment consists of a heating area, a catalytic area and a cooling area; the temperature of a heating zone is 375-600 ℃, and the catalyst prepared by the method in claim 1 is arranged in a catalytic zone;
as a preferred embodiment, the deep dehydration oil passes through a heating zone, a catalytic zone and a cooling zone in sequence, and the biofuel oil is obtained after cooling.
As a preferred embodiment, the heating device is a thin film evaporator.
As a preferred embodiment, the heating zone temperature is 380-500 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment, the catalytic zone is a catalytic bed provided with a catalyst.
As a preferred embodiment, the cooling zone comprises a first stage oil-cooled zone and a second stage water-cooled zone.
As a preferred embodiment, the treatment method further comprises the following kitchen waste dehydration step:
mechanically squeezing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to obtain a swill grease mixture;
the swill grease mixture is treated through electric heating vacuum dewatering to water content lower than 0.01% to obtain deeply dewatered oil.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Preparation of deep dehydrating oil: mechanically squeezing and dehydrating kitchen waste obtained from a waste station to obtain a swill grease mixture; the swill grease mixture is treated through electric heating vacuum dewatering to water content lower than 0.01% to obtain deeply dewatered oil.
Preparation of catalyst 1
Thoroughly mixing 45 parts by weight of alumina, 25 parts by weight of silica, 0.05 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 5 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 20 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 10 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;
cooling, crushing and ball milling to specific weightSurface area of 252 square meters per gram and pore volume of 0.33cm2And the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained according to the specific weight/g and the average particle size of the catalyst is 110 meshes.
Preparation of catalyst 2
Thoroughly mixing 50 parts by weight of alumina, 20 parts by weight of silica, 0.02 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 8 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 25 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 8 parts by weight of water and 8 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;
cooling, pulverizing, and ball-milling to specific surface area of 210 square meters per gram and pore volume of 0.32cm2And the average particle size is 140 meshes, thus obtaining the catalyst for the kitchen waste.
Preparation of catalyst 3
Thoroughly mixing 50 parts by weight of alumina, 25 parts by weight of silica, 0.02 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 5 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 25 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 12 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;
cooling, pulverizing, and ball-milling to obtain specific surface area of 313 square meter/g and pore volume of 0.38cm2And the average particle size is 100 meshes, thus obtaining the catalyst for the kitchen waste.
Preparation of catalyst 4
Thoroughly mixing 50 parts by weight of alumina, 25 parts by weight of silica, 0.02 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 3 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 15 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 12 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;
cooling, pulverizing, and ball-milling to obtain specific surface area of 304 square meters per gram and pore volume of 0.36cm2And the average particle size is 100 meshes, thus obtaining the catalyst for the kitchen waste.
Preparation of catalyst 5
Thoroughly mixing 50 parts by weight of alumina, 25 parts by weight of silica, 0.02 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 10 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 30 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 12 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;
cooling, pulverizing, and ball-milling to specific surface area of 321 square meters per gram and pore volume of 0.36cm2And the average particle size is 100 meshes, thus obtaining the catalyst for the kitchen waste.
Preparation of catalyst 6
Thoroughly mixing 50 parts by weight of alumina, 25 parts by weight of silica, 0.02 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 10 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 15 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 12 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 3 hours at 300 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;
cooling, pulverizing, and ball-milling to specific surface area of 314 square meters per gram and pore volume of 0.36cm2And the average particle size is 100 meshes, thus obtaining the catalyst for the kitchen waste.
Comparative catalysts 1 to 3
The same preparation as for catalyst 3, respectively ground to the following parameters:
comparing the catalyst 1, ball milling to 400 square meters of specific surface area per gram and 0.44cm of pore volume2And the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained according to the average particle size of 80 meshes.
Ball milling of the catalyst 2 is compared to obtain a specific surface area of 530 square meters per gram and a pore volume of 0.57cm2And the average particle size is 50 meshes, thus obtaining the catalyst for the kitchen waste.
Ball milling of the catalyst 3 is contrasted until the specific surface area is 180 square meters per gram and the pore volume is 0.24cm2And the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained according to the average particle size of 200 meshes.
Kitchen waste treatment method
Sending deep dehydrated oil obtained from kitchen waste into vacuum catalytic treatment equipment, wherein the temperature of a heating area is 400 ℃, and a catalytic area is provided with the catalyst prepared in the previous embodiment and the comparative example; the deep dehydration oil passes through a heating zone, a catalytic zone and a cooling zone in sequence, and the biofuel oil is obtained after cooling. And detecting the content of C8-C17 hydrocarbon in the biofuel oil by using an analytical instrument. The data are as follows:
| examples | Yield (%) | C4-11 Hydrocarbon content (%) | C12-15 Hydrocarbon content (%) | C15-17 Hydrocarbon content (%) | Other content (%) |
| Example 1 | 85.1 | 8.3 | 77.2 | 13.2 | 1.3 |
| Example 2 | 82.3 | 7.5 | 73.4 | 17.5 | 1.8 |
| Example 3 | 86.5 | 8.1 | 73.5 | 16.0 | 2.4 |
| Example 4 | 85.9 | 9.3 | 58.8 | 25.4 | 6.5 |
| Example 5 | 86.1 | 5.3 | 52.7 | 37.4 | 4.6 |
| Example 6 | 86.9 | 4.6 | 60.6 | 29.5 | 5.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 87.1 | 16.4 | 59.7 | 18.3 | 5.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 88.5 | 14.5 | 59.8 | 18.9 | 6.8 |
| Comparison 3 | 80.3 | 7.2 | 41.2 | 43.3 | 8.3 |
The other content is C17 or higher hydrocarbon and organic matter containing oxygen and nitrogen. From the above data, it can be seen that the catalyst of the present invention has very good catalytic effect, and especially the obtained hydrocarbon substances are substantially concentrated in C12-15.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and the description is given here only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The catalyst for the kitchen waste is characterized by being prepared by the following method:
fully mixing 15-95 parts by weight of alumina, 5-32 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 0.01-0.1 part by weight of titanium dioxide, 0.5-10 parts by weight of aluminum chloride, 10-30 parts by weight of zinc oxide, 5-13 parts by weight of water and 3-10 parts by weight of high clay;
calcining for 2-4 hours in a reducing atmosphere at the temperature of 200-400 ℃;
cooling, crushing and ball milling to specific surface area of 100-2And/g, the average particle size is less than 200 meshes, and the catalyst for the kitchen waste is obtained.
2. The catalyst for kitchen waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst has a specific surface area of 200 square meters per gram and a pore volume of 0.30-0.40cm2The grain diameter is 100-150 meshes.
3. A kitchen waste treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sending deep dehydrated oil obtained from kitchen waste into vacuum catalytic treatment equipment, wherein the vacuum catalytic treatment equipment consists of a heating area, a catalytic area and a cooling area; the temperature of the heating zone is 375-600 ℃, and the catalyst prepared by the method in claim 1 is arranged in the catalytic zone;
and the deep dehydration oil passes through the heating zone, the catalytic zone and the cooling zone in sequence, and the biofuel oil is obtained after cooling.
4. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that said heating device is a thin film evaporator.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the heating zone is 380-500 ℃.
6. A method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that said catalytic zone is a catalytic bed provided with a catalyst.
7. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that said cooling zone comprises a first stage oil cooling zone and a second stage water cooling zone.
8. The kitchen waste treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that the treatment method further comprises the following kitchen waste dehydration step:
mechanically squeezing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to obtain a swill grease mixture;
the swill grease mixture is treated through electric heating vacuum dewatering to water content lower than 0.01% to obtain deeply dewatered oil.
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