CN102960557A - Technology for producing pet food by utilizing household kitchen waste - Google Patents
Technology for producing pet food by utilizing household kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960557A CN102960557A CN2012104480437A CN201210448043A CN102960557A CN 102960557 A CN102960557 A CN 102960557A CN 2012104480437 A CN2012104480437 A CN 2012104480437A CN 201210448043 A CN201210448043 A CN 201210448043A CN 102960557 A CN102960557 A CN 102960557A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technology for producing pet food by utilizing household domestic waste. The technology sequentially comprises the following steps of: stirring and filtering to remove sediment, greasy dirt and sewage in the household kitchen waste; slitting and grinding; adding 10 to 15% of bran and 3 to 5% of rice bran to uniformly mix; steaming for 30 minutes by steam; fermenting for 48 to 96 hours at 25 DEG C by 2.5% of aspergillus carbonarius, 2.0% of monilia tropicalis and 1.5% of bacillus subtilis based on a solid state in the presence of oxygen; adding 3.0% of lactobacillus plantarum to ferment for 36 to 48 hours at 30 DEG C under a sealed condition; exposing under the blazing sun or drying to stop fermenting; and mixing, extruding, puffing and pelleting, so as to obtain the pet food with more than 20% of protein.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pet food processing technique field, particularly utilize the vegetable melon and fruit root, stem and leaf skin that abandons in the kitchen of eating, the residue food, the house refuses such as the internal organ of livestock and poultry and aquatic products, skeleton are raw material, the processing method of fermenting and producing pet food.
Background technology
Meal kitchen house refuse mainly refers to the rubbish that produces in the activities such as resident's daily life and food processing, catering service, unit serve the meals.According to statistics, the generation of China's changing food waste every day surpasses 20 kilotons, and only changing food waste every day generation in Beijing's is 1600 tons, and Shanghai City is 1200 tons, and with the speed increment of annual 8 %.Meal kitchen house refuse is easily fermented, goes bad, is rotted, and produces a large amount of toxin, distributes foul gas, polluted-water and atmosphere.For a long time, the mode of landfill, air storage, burning is adopted in meal kitchen domestic rubbish disposal basically, and processing horizontal is lower, is difficult to realize resource circulation utilization, operating cost is high, the effect of low carbonization, resource and the harmless treatment of kitchen house refuse that be difficult to realize to eat.
Meal kitchen house refuse comprises discarded edible oil and fat and rubbish from cooking.Wherein, rubbish from cooking refers to food residues and food processing waste material, is mainly the solid residue in changing food waste, is the important component part of domestic waste.
According to incompletely statistics, all kinds of pet total amounts such as Chinese present pet dog, cat, pet fish are more than 200,000,000, and by 2015, this numeral will reach 500,000,000.2010, the annual value of production of pet industry was about 40,000,000,000 yuans, and annual growth rate surpasses 30%.International experience shows, when country's year GDP per capita reaches the 3000-5000 dollar, will drive this state pet market access high-speed developing period, present Deposits in Eastern Coastal China area portion city year GDP per capita reached above-mentioned standard; The demonstration of international pet industry data, pet economy accounts for this state GDP total amount proportion and has reached 6% in the U.S., and European average level is 3-4%, and Japan has also reached 2%, and in China, this numeral only has 0.4%.Continuous renewal along with high speed development and people's consumption concept of China's economic will provide opportunity for the high speed development of pet industry, and certainly will cause the upsurge of pet economy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the existing product characteristic not enough and provide that a kind of technique is reasonable, simple to operate, process cycle is short, the fermentation manufacturing technique of local flavor is fit to that Chinese use natto tartar sauce.
purpose of the present invention is exactly with the meal vegetable melon and fruit root, stem and leaf skin that abandons of kitchen and the internal organ of livestock and poultry and aquatic products, the house refuses such as skeleton are raw material, utilize and stir, filter silt particle greasy dirt and the sewage removed in the kitchen house refuse of eating, through cutting, the processing such as rubbing, then add the 10-15% wheat bran, the 3-5% rice bran mixes, steam cooks 30 minutes, first use 2.5% carbon black aspergillus, 2.0% candida tropicalis, 1.5% bacillus subtilis is at aerobic, under 25 ℃ of conditions solid state fermentation 48-96 hour, add again 3.0% Lactobacillus plantarum airtight, fermented again 36-48 hour under 30 ℃ of conditions, method stops all fermentations to utilize the sun to be exposed to the sun or dry etc., by extrusion and granulation, obtain protein content at the pet food more than 20%.
The microorganism fungus kind that the present invention adopts, carbon black aspergillus (Aspergillus carbonariu), candida tropicalis (Candida tropicalis), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus sublitis), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) derive from China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, and numbering is respectively CGMCC No3.935, CGMCC No2.617, CGMCC No1.831, CGMCC No1.1856.
A kind of technique of utilizing meal kitchen house refuse production pet food of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) meal kitchen house refuse pretreatment: the vegetable melon and fruit root, stem and leaf skin of the kitchen house refuse of eating, the residue food, the house refuses such as the internal organ of livestock and poultry and aquatic products, skeleton are picked out, raw material as the processing pet food, clean select meal kitchen house refuse with mobile clear water, constantly stir during this time, filter silt particle, greasy dirt and the sewage removed in house refuse, it is long that thick long vegetalitas material need to be cut into 1-2cm, diameter is the fritter of 0.5-1cm, animal food needs to rub as internal organ, skeleton etc.
(2) meal kitchen house refuse is mixed with fermentation substrate: interpolation 10-15% wheat bran and 3-5% rice bran mix in the meal kitchen house refuse of processing.
(3) steam sterilizing is processed: the material that step (2) is mixed is placed in boiling container, utilized steamed 30 minutes, and be deposited in the fermentation plant middle position, the ground of stacking material must be clean, without the smooth concrete floor of ponding, utilize ceiling fan to force quenching to 40 ℃ left and right.
(4) three grades of expansion cultivation and fermentation liquid of bacterial classification used: with reference to the preparation of bacterium, saccharomycete and mould shaking flask culture medium, packing triangular flask before sterilization (500mL bottle, dress 100mL liquid), conventional sterilization, cooling rear on superclean bench, the method that washes with water directly washes in inclined-plane thalline access fermentation triangular flask, shaking flask is cultivated, and 37 ℃, 200r/min, after cultivating 48h, change ferment tank at once, with reference to the preparation of bacterium, saccharomycete and mold fermentation tank culture medium, sterilization, cooling rear inoculation and fermentation, 37 ℃, 200r/min cultivates the 48h stuck fermentation standby;
(5) many bacterial classifications one-level regulation and control fermentation: near the material that will be cooled to 40 ℃ of left and right is transferred to from stacking totally without in ponding and the smooth concrete floor of sterilizing, evenly add while shifting three grades of expansion cultivation and fermentation liquid that contain 2.5% aspergillus niger, 2.0% candida tropicalis, 1.5% bacillus subtilis, the bacterial classification inoculum concentration is the 3-5% of material, stirred and shifted once every 8 hours, the fermentation plant temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ of left and right, continuously fermented 48-96 hour, in the fermentation later stage, strong alcohol fragrance is arranged in material.
(6) many bacterial classifications secondary regulation and control fermentation: after one grade fermemtation finishes, again material is once shifted, at this moment, the pad thick plastic sheeting of last layer or felt-cloth on concrete floor, add equably 3.0% Lactobacillus plantarum in transfer process three grades enlarge cultivation and fermentation liquid, stack one and are rising, and cover whole material with thick plastic sheeting or felt-cloth at last, controlled fermentation workshop temperature is at 30 ℃, then ferments 36-48 hour.
(7) stop fermentation: in summer and autumn, can utilize the sun to be exposed to the sun and stop all fermentations, winter in spring in 2-3 days, utilize coal, firewood to carry out drying etc., simultaneously, be exposed to the sun or dry run in, the evaporation most of moisture is until the fermentation materials moisture is advisable at 25-30%.
(8) fragmentation: utilize mallet or material crusher that dried fermentation materials is broken, particle size after cracking is advisable at 0.1-0.5cm.
(9) allotment: add 5% soy meal, 6% flour, 0.5% dried shrimp or shell, 4% vegetables squeezing juice, mix, material is sent in extruder.
(10) expanded, granulation: the operating parameter of regulating extruder is respectively 200～350 rev/mins of screw speeds, and 120～160 ℃ of temperature, operating pressure are 0.8～1MPa, 10～20 seconds time of staying.
Technique effect:
1, utilize the multiple beneficial microbial fermentation to produce pet food, both saved grain, also be conducive to process house refuse.
2, the method technological operation is simple, and is with low cost.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than limitation of the invention further.
Embodiment 1: meal kitchen domestic waste collection and pretreatment
(1) meal kitchen domestic waste collection
Sign with family, catering trade, unit dining room etc. the kitchen categorized consumer waste purchase agreement of eating, requirement separates the house refuse in dining room and kitchen, the kitchen house refuse of eating the same day must be collected the same day, gave directions the place near unified being dispensed into, and unified the examination is transported to job shop.
(2) meal kitchen house refuse selects
With the vegetable melon and fruit root, stem and leaf skin of the kitchen house refuse of eating, the residue food, the house refuses such as the internal organ of livestock and poultry and aquatic products, skeleton are picked out, as the raw material of processing pet food.
(3) meal kitchen house refuse pretreatment
Clean select meal kitchen house refuse with mobile clear water, during constantly stir, filter silt particle, greasy dirt and the sewage of removing in house refuse.
It is long that thick long vegetalitas material need to be cut into 1-2cm, and diameter is the fritter of 0.5-1cm, and animal food needs to rub as internal organ, skeleton etc.
(4) meal kitchen house refuse is mixed with fermentation substrate: interpolation 10-15% wheat bran and 3-5% rice bran mix in the meal kitchen house refuse of processing.
(5) steam sterilizing is processed: the material that step (4) is mixed is placed in boiling container, utilized steamed 30 minutes, and be deposited in the fermentation plant middle position, the ground of stacking material must be clean, without the smooth concrete floor of ponding, utilize ceiling fan to force quenching to 40 ℃ left and right.
(6) three grades of expansion cultivation and fermentation liquid of bacterial classification used: with reference to the preparation of bacterium, saccharomycete and mould shaking flask culture medium, packing triangular flask before sterilization (500mL bottle, dress 100mL liquid), conventional sterilization, cooling rear on superclean bench, the method that washes with water directly washes in inclined-plane thalline access fermentation triangular flask, shaking flask is cultivated, and 37 ℃, 200r/min, after cultivating 48h, change ferment tank at once, with reference to the preparation of bacterium, saccharomycete and mold fermentation tank culture medium, sterilization, cooling rear inoculation and fermentation, 37 ℃, 200r/min cultivates the 48h stuck fermentation standby;
(7) many bacterial classifications one-level regulation and control fermentation: near the material that will be cooled to 40 ℃ of left and right is transferred to from stacking totally without in ponding and the smooth concrete floor of sterilizing, evenly add while shifting three grades of expansion training liquid that contain 2.5% aspergillus niger, 2.0% candida tropicalis, 1.5% bacillus subtilis, the bacterial classification inoculum concentration is the 3-5% of material, stirred and shifted once every 8 hours, the fermentation plant temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ of left and right, continuously fermented 48-96 hour, in the fermentation later stage, strong alcohol fragrance is arranged in material.
(8) many bacterial classifications secondary regulation and control fermentation: after one grade fermemtation finishes, again material is once shifted, at this moment, the pad thick plastic sheeting of last layer or felt-cloth on concrete floor, add equably 3.0% Lactobacillus plantarum in transfer process three grades enlarge training liquid, stack one and are rising, and cover whole material with thick plastic sheeting or felt-cloth at last, controlled fermentation workshop temperature is at 30 ℃, then ferments 36-48 hour.
(9) stop fermentation: in summer and autumn, can utilize the sun to be exposed to the sun and stop all fermentations, winter in spring in 2-3 days, utilize coal, firewood to carry out drying etc., simultaneously, be exposed to the sun or dry run in, the evaporation most of moisture is until the fermentation materials moisture is advisable at 25-30%.
(10) fragmentation: utilize mallet or material crusher that dried fermentation materials is broken, particle size after cracking is advisable at 0.1-0.5cm.
(11) allotment: add 5% soy meal, 6% flour, 0.5% dried shrimp or shell, 4% vegetables squeezing juice, mix, material is sent in extruder.
(12) expanded, granulation: the operating parameter of regulating extruder is respectively 200～350 rev/mins of screw speeds, and 120～160 ℃ of temperature, operating pressure are 0.8～1MPa, 10～20 seconds time of staying.
Claims (1)
1. the invention provides a kind of technique of utilizing meal kitchen house refuse production pet food, comprise the steps:
(1) meal kitchen house refuse pretreatment: the vegetable melon and fruit root, stem and leaf skin of the kitchen house refuse of eating, the residue food, the house refuses such as the internal organ of livestock and poultry and aquatic products, skeleton are picked out, raw material as the processing pet food, clean select meal kitchen house refuse with mobile clear water, constantly stir during this time, filter silt particle, greasy dirt and the sewage removed in house refuse, it is long that thick long vegetalitas material need to be cut into 1-2cm, diameter is the fritter of 0.5-1cm, animal food needs to rub as internal organ, skeleton etc.;
(2) meal kitchen house refuse is mixed with fermentation substrate: interpolation 10-15% wheat bran and 3-5% rice bran mix in the meal kitchen house refuse of processing;
(3) steam sterilizing is processed: the material that step (2) is mixed is placed in boiling container, utilized steamed 30 minutes, and be deposited in the fermentation plant middle position, the ground of stacking material must be clean, without the smooth concrete floor of ponding, utilize ceiling fan to force quenching to 40 ℃ left and right;
(4) three grades of expansion cultivation and fermentation liquid of bacterial classification used: with reference to the preparation of bacterium, saccharomycete and mould shaking flask culture medium, packing triangular flask before sterilization (500mL bottle, dress 100mL liquid), conventional sterilization, cooling rear on superclean bench, the method that washes with water directly washes in inclined-plane thalline access fermentation triangular flask, shaking flask is cultivated, and 37 ℃, 200r/min, after cultivating 48h, change ferment tank at once, with reference to the preparation of bacterium, saccharomycete and mold fermentation tank culture medium, sterilization, cooling rear inoculation and fermentation, 37 ℃, 200r/min cultivates the 48h stuck fermentation standby;
(5) many bacterial classifications one-level regulation and control fermentation: near the material that will be cooled to 40 ℃ of left and right is transferred to from stacking totally without in ponding and the smooth concrete floor of sterilizing, evenly add while shifting three grades of expansion cultivation and fermentation liquid that contain 2.5% aspergillus niger, 2.0% candida tropicalis, 1.5% bacillus subtilis, the bacterial classification inoculum concentration is the 3-5% of material, stirred and shifted once every 8 hours, the fermentation plant temperature is controlled at 25 ℃ of left and right, continuously fermented 48-96 hour, in the fermentation later stage, strong alcohol fragrance is arranged in material;
(6) many bacterial classifications secondary regulation and control fermentation: after one grade fermemtation finishes, again material is once shifted, at this moment, the pad thick plastic sheeting of last layer or felt-cloth on concrete floor, add equably 3.0% Lactobacillus plantarum in transfer process three grades enlarge cultivation and fermentation liquid, stack one and are rising, and cover whole material with thick plastic sheeting or felt-cloth at last, controlled fermentation workshop temperature is at 30 ℃, then ferments 36-48 hour;
(7) stop fermentation: in summer and autumn, can utilize the sun to be exposed to the sun and stop all fermentations, winter in spring in 2-3 days, utilize coal, firewood to carry out drying etc., simultaneously, be exposed to the sun or dry run in, the evaporation most of moisture is until the fermentation materials moisture is advisable at 25-30%;
(8) fragmentation: utilize mallet or material crusher that dried fermentation materials is broken, particle size after cracking is advisable at 0.1-0.5cm;
(9) allotment: add 5% soy meal, 6% flour, 0.5% dried shrimp or shell, 4% vegetables squeezing juice, mix, material is sent in extruder;
(10) expanded, granulation: the operating parameter of regulating extruder is respectively 200～350 rev/mins of screw speeds, and 120～160 ℃ of temperature, operating pressure are 0.8～1MPa, 10～20 seconds time of staying.
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| CN2012104480437A CN102960557A (en) | 2012-11-11 | 2012-11-11 | Technology for producing pet food by utilizing household kitchen waste |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103549224A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-05 | 淄博科通生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing tenebrio molitor feed from domestic garbage |
| CN104171277A (en) * | 2014-07-19 | 2014-12-03 | 益阳市资阳区百草生态农民专业合作社 | Method for preparing breeding feed by utilizing kitchen wastes |
| CN105215041A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-01-06 | 成都新筑展博环保科技有限公司 | The method of food and drink residue solid state fermentation |
| CN109924364A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-25 | 江苏财经职业技术学院 | The dry type puff pet dog diet produced using crayfish head shrimp shell meal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103549224A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-02-05 | 淄博科通生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing tenebrio molitor feed from domestic garbage |
| CN103549224B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-04-15 | 淄博科通生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing tenebrio molitor feed from domestic garbage |
| CN105215041A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-01-06 | 成都新筑展博环保科技有限公司 | The method of food and drink residue solid state fermentation |
| CN104171277A (en) * | 2014-07-19 | 2014-12-03 | 益阳市资阳区百草生态农民专业合作社 | Method for preparing breeding feed by utilizing kitchen wastes |
| CN109924364A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-25 | 江苏财经职业技术学院 | The dry type puff pet dog diet produced using crayfish head shrimp shell meal |
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Application publication date: 20130313 |