CN111226720A - 一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其步骤为:(1)藕池的选择与建造;(2)藕田处理;(3)种植藕莲;(4)锦鲤鱼种放养;(5)日常饲养管理;(6)藕田锦鲤的捕捞。本发明通过自制基肥,充分满足荷花在生长发育期的营养需求,为后续莲藕的形成膨大打下优良的增产前提,出产的莲藕肥大,口感爽脆,锦鲤鱼体强壮,质地均匀,通过莲藕及锦鲤套养,形成稳定互补的水生生态系统,减少了资源投入。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锦鲤养殖技术,尤其涉及一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法。
背景技术
锦鲤属于鲤形目,是鲤鱼的一个杂交变异品种,是通过长期的人工选育和杂交而培育出来的,成为名贵的大型观赏鱼类之一,随着人们生活水平提高,休闲观光旅游发展,锦鲤的观赏价值和经济价值不断提升,市场需求不断扩大,莲藕是多年生的水生作物,其收获鲜藕是地下茎膨大而形成,莲藕对人类的作用非常大,可以作为蔬菜食用,营养丰富,味道鲜美,也可以作为园艺、净化水体的作物使用,同时还可以作为药物使用,如果在藕池和鱼池池水循环混养,不但能够提供藕田产量,同时提高鱼类循环水质量,进一步提高养殖收益。
发明内容
本发明为实现上述目的,提供了一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法。
本发明所采取的技术方案:
一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其步骤为:
(1)藕池的选择与建造:a.藕田修筑田埂,养鱼藕田的田埂高至30~40cm,宽至40~50cm,夯实加固或用塑料薄膜护埂;b.开挖鱼沟,在藕田四周开挖环形沟宽1m,深60cm;c.辅防渗膜,填回土,藕池建好后,辅防渗膜,填30cm粘土;d.安装拦鱼栅,拦鱼栅安装在养鱼藕田的注、排水口处,防止鱼类由进出水口逃出;e.设置投饵台,在环形沟里设置正方形投饵台,用PVC管做材料,面积为50~60m2;
(2)藕田处理:藕田栽植荷花前用水泵抽干藕田积水,撒施生石灰消毒,每亩生石灰用量40~50kg;晒田7天后撒施自制基肥,自制基肥每亩用量1600-2000kg,而后将自制基肥旋耕入土,待播种;
(3)种植藕莲:选择颗粒饱满有光泽的充分成熟的藕莲种子,用电锯将种子种脐一端破口,以见种皮为准,其后用5%的磷酸二氢钾溶液浸泡2-3h,然后用1%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡液,取一定重量份的扁黄草、益母草、谷精草、鱼腥草、桔梗、草豆蔻研磨粉碎,加入上述成分总重量7倍的蒸馏水,28-32℃浸泡4天,然后用600-800目细纱布过滤后得浸取液,之后用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发浓缩至原浸取液的1/3,得浓缩浸取液;在浓缩浸取液中加入复硝酚钠和水杨酸至其浓度为40-50ppm和50-60ppm,得到种子浸泡液;将处理好的种子在28-32℃下置于种子浸泡液中72-80h,其后取出,用无菌水冲洗后,将种子按50×60cm的株行距穴播到处理好的荷塘中,穴播深度2-3cm,每亩在行间播种1行金鱼藻,每亩用种量60-70g,其后放水;荷花生长前期放水至水深20-30cm,其后逐步加深至60-70cm;
(4)锦鲤鱼种放养:每亩藕田放养1500尾锦鲤鱼种,放养前用3%的食盐溶液浸泡10~15min,消毒后投放藕田池;
(5)日常饲养管理:前期利用藕田中浮游生物天然饵料,减少饲料投喂量,中后期按照池塘养鱼饲养进行投喂,投喂锦鲤专用膨化饲料,每天定时、顶点、定量、定质的投喂饲料;调节水质,每20d施生石灰溶液1次,每次用量为10kg/667m2,改善水质,保持池水pH值在7~7.5之间,每15d施1ci过磷酸钙,每次15~20kg/667m2;
(6)藕田锦鲤的捕捞:体重在50g以上时,在进水口设置密网,然后从进水口放微流水,将藕田水慢慢排至露出地表面,使锦鲤进入鱼沟、鱼溜内,隔1d后再慢慢排放鱼沟的水,收获莲藕及莲子,莲藕可陆续分期采收至次年4月中下旬。
所述的拦鱼栅用竹箔或金属网制作,高度高出田埂20cm,呈弧形安装固定,凸面朝向水流。
所述的锦鲤鱼种体长为4~5cm。
所述的步骤(2)中所制的自制基肥成分按重量计:猪粪220-280份、豆粕20-30份、菜籽油粕20-30份、小麦秸秆30-40份、甘薯藤10-14份、稻壳8-10份、花生壳20-30份、蛭石8-12份、骨粉6-10份、海草粉4-6份、农用微生物菌剂2-3份、甘蔗渣4-6份、糖醛渣3-4份、蒙脱石3-4份。
所述的步骤(5)中投喂膨化饲料,当水温20℃以下时,每天投喂1~2次,水温20℃以上时,每天投喂3~4次,投喂时间均安排在8:00~18:00。
本发明的有益效果:本发明通过自制基肥,充分满足荷花在生长发育期的营养需求,为后续莲藕的形成膨大打下优良的增产前提,出产的莲藕肥大,口感爽脆,锦鲤鱼体强壮,质地均匀,通过莲藕及锦鲤套养,形成稳定互补的水生生态系统,减少了资源投入。
具体实施方式
一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其步骤为:
(1)藕池的选择与建造:a.藕田修筑田埂,养鱼藕田的田埂高至30~40cm,宽至40~50cm,夯实加固或用塑料薄膜护埂;b.开挖鱼沟,在藕田四周开挖环形沟宽1m,深60cm;c.辅防渗膜,填回土,藕池建好后,辅防渗膜,填30cm粘土;d.安装拦鱼栅,拦鱼栅安装在养鱼藕田的注、排水口处,防止鱼类由进出水口逃出,拦鱼栅用竹箔或金属网制作,高度高出田埂20cm,呈弧形安装固定,凸面朝向水流;e.设置投饵台,在环形沟里设置正方形投饵台,用PVC管做材料,面积为50~60m2;
(2)藕田处理:藕田栽植荷花前用水泵抽干藕田积水,撒施生石灰消毒,每亩生石灰用量40~50kg;晒田7天后撒施自制基肥,自制基肥每亩用量1600-2000kg,而后将自制基肥旋耕入土,自制基肥成分按重量计:猪粪220-280份、豆粕20-30份、菜籽油粕20-30份、小麦秸秆30-40份、甘薯藤10-14份、稻壳8-10份、花生壳20-30份、蛭石8-12份、骨粉6-10份、海草粉4-6份、农用微生物菌剂2-3份、甘蔗渣4-6份、糖醛渣3-4份、蒙脱石3-4份,待播种;
(3)种植藕莲:选择颗粒饱满有光泽的充分成熟的藕莲种子,用电锯将种子种脐一端破口,以见种皮为准,其后用5%的磷酸二氢钾溶液浸泡2-3h,然后用1%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡液,取一定重量份的扁黄草、益母草、谷精草、鱼腥草、桔梗、草豆蔻研磨粉碎,加入上述成分总重量7倍的蒸馏水,28-32℃浸泡4天,然后用600-800目细纱布过滤后得浸取液,之后用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发浓缩至原浸取液的1/3,得浓缩浸取液;在浓缩浸取液中加入复硝酚钠和水杨酸至其浓度为40-50ppm和50-60ppm,得到种子浸泡液;将处理好的种子在28-32℃下置于种子浸泡液中72-80h,其后取出,用无菌水冲洗后,将种子按50×60cm的株行距穴播到处理好的荷塘中,穴播深度2-3cm,每亩在行间播种1行金鱼藻,每亩用种量60-70g,其后放水;荷花生长前期放水至水深20-30cm,其后逐步加深至60-70cm;
(4)锦鲤鱼种放养:每亩藕田放养1500尾锦鲤鱼种,锦鲤鱼种体长为4~5cm,放养前用3%的食盐溶液浸泡10~15min,消毒后投放藕田池;
(5)日常饲养管理:前期利用藕田中浮游生物天然饵料,减少饲料投喂量,中后期按照池塘养鱼饲养进行投喂,投喂锦鲤专用膨化饲料,每天定时、顶点、定量、定质的投喂饲料,当水温20℃以下时,每天投喂1~2次,水温20℃以上时,每天投喂3~4次,投喂时间均安排在8:00~18:00;调节水质,每20d施生石灰溶液1次,每次用量为10kg/667m2,改善水质,保持池水pH值在7~7.5之间,每15d施1ci过磷酸钙,每次15~20kg/667m2;
(6)藕田锦鲤的捕捞:体重在50g以上时,在进水口设置密网,然后从进水口放微流水,将藕田水慢慢排至露出地表面,使锦鲤进入鱼沟、鱼溜内,隔1d后再慢慢排放鱼沟的水,收获莲藕及莲子,莲藕可陆续分期采收至次年4月中下旬。
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细的阐述。
实施例1
一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其步骤为:
(1)藕池的选择与建造:a.藕田修筑田埂,养鱼藕田的田埂高至35cm,宽至45cm,夯实加固或用塑料薄膜护埂;b.开挖鱼沟,在藕田四周开挖环形沟宽1m,深60cm;c.辅防渗膜,填回土,藕池建好后,辅防渗膜,填30cm粘土;d.安装拦鱼栅,拦鱼栅安装在养鱼藕田的注、排水口处,防止鱼类由进出水口逃出,拦鱼栅用竹箔或金属网制作,高度高出田埂20cm,呈弧形安装固定,凸面朝向水流;e.设置投饵台,在环形沟里设置正方形投饵台,用PVC管做材料,面积为55m2;
(2)藕田处理:藕田栽植荷花前用水泵抽干藕田积水,撒施生石灰消毒,每亩生石灰用量45kg;晒田7天后撒施自制基肥,自制基肥每亩用量1800kg,而后将自制基肥旋耕入土,自制基肥成分按重量计:猪粪220-280份、豆粕20-30份、菜籽油粕20-30份、小麦秸秆30-40份、甘薯藤10-14份、稻壳8-10份、花生壳20-30份、蛭石8-12份、骨粉6-10份、海草粉4-6份、农用微生物菌剂2-3份、甘蔗渣4-6份、糖醛渣3-4份、蒙脱石3-4份,待播种;
(3)种植藕莲:选择颗粒饱满有光泽的充分成熟的藕莲种子,用电锯将种子种脐一端破口,以见种皮为准,其后用5%的磷酸二氢钾溶液浸泡2.5h,然后用1%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡液,取一定重量份的扁黄草、益母草、谷精草、鱼腥草、桔梗、草豆蔻研磨粉碎,加入上述成分总重量7倍的蒸馏水,28-32℃浸泡4天,然后用600-800目细纱布过滤后得浸取液,之后用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发浓缩至原浸取液的1/3,得浓缩浸取液;在浓缩浸取液中加入复硝酚钠和水杨酸至其浓度为45ppm和55ppm,得到种子浸泡液;将处理好的种子在28-32℃下置于种子浸泡液中75h,其后取出,用无菌水冲洗后,将种子按50×60cm的株行距穴播到处理好的荷塘中,穴播深度2-3cm,每亩在行间播种1行金鱼藻,每亩用种量60-70g,其后放水;荷花生长前期放水至水深25cm,其后逐步加深至70cm;
(4)锦鲤鱼种放养:每亩藕田放养1500尾锦鲤鱼种,锦鲤鱼种体长为4~5cm,放养前用3%的食盐溶液浸泡13min,消毒后投放藕田池;
(5)日常饲养管理:前期利用藕田中浮游生物天然饵料,减少饲料投喂量,中后期按照池塘养鱼饲养进行投喂,投喂锦鲤专用膨化饲料,每天定时、顶点、定量、定质的投喂饲料,当水温20℃以下时,每天投喂1~2次,水温20℃以上时,每天投喂3~4次,投喂时间均安排在8:00~18:00;调节水质,每20d施生石灰溶液1次,每次用量为10kg/667m2,改善水质,保持池水pH值在7~7.5之间,每15d施1ci过磷酸钙,每次15~20kg/667m2;
(6)藕田锦鲤的捕捞:体重在50g以上时,在进水口设置密网,然后从进水口放微流水,将藕田水慢慢排至露出地表面,使锦鲤进入鱼沟、鱼溜内,隔1d后再慢慢排放鱼沟的水,收获莲藕及莲子,莲藕可陆续分期采收至次年4月中下旬。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其特征在于,其步骤为:
(1)藕池的选择与建造:a.藕田修筑田埂,养鱼藕田的田埂高至30~40cm,宽至40~50cm,夯实加固或用塑料薄膜护埂;b.开挖鱼沟,在藕田四周开挖环形沟宽1m,深60cm;c.辅防渗膜,填回土,藕池建好后,辅防渗膜,填30cm粘土;d.安装拦鱼栅,拦鱼栅安装在养鱼藕田的注、排水口处,防止鱼类由进出水口逃出;e.设置投饵台,在环形沟里设置正方形投饵台,用PVC管做材料,面积为50~60m2;
(2)藕田处理:藕田栽植荷花前用水泵抽干藕田积水,撒施生石灰消毒,每亩生石灰用量40~50kg;晒田7天后撒施自制基肥,自制基肥每亩用量1600-2000kg,而后将自制基肥旋耕入土,待播种;
(3)种植藕莲:选择颗粒饱满有光泽的充分成熟的藕莲种子,用电锯将种子种脐一端破口,以见种皮为准,其后用5%的磷酸二氢钾溶液浸泡2-3h,然后用1%次氯酸钠溶液浸泡液,取一定重量份的扁黄草、益母草、谷精草、鱼腥草、桔梗、草豆蔻研磨粉碎,加入上述成分总重量7倍的蒸馏水,28-32℃浸泡4天,然后用600-800目细纱布过滤后得浸取液,之后用旋转蒸发仪减压蒸发浓缩至原浸取液的1/3,得浓缩浸取液;在浓缩浸取液中加入复硝酚钠和水杨酸至其浓度为40-50ppm和50-60ppm,得到种子浸泡液;将处理好的种子在28-32℃下置于种子浸泡液中72-80h,其后取出,用无菌水冲洗后,将种子按50×60cm的株行距穴播到处理好的荷塘中,穴播深度2-3cm,每亩在行间播种1行金鱼藻,每亩用种量60-70g,其后放水;荷花生长前期放水至水深20-30cm,其后逐步加深至60-70cm;
(4)锦鲤鱼种放养:每亩藕田放养1500尾锦鲤鱼种,放养前用3%的食盐溶液浸泡10~15min,消毒后投放藕田池;
(5)日常饲养管理:前期利用藕田中浮游生物天然饵料,减少饲料投喂量,中后期按照池塘养鱼饲养进行投喂,投喂锦鲤专用膨化饲料,每天定时、顶点、定量、定质的投喂饲料;调节水质,每20d施生石灰溶液1次,每次用量为10kg/667m2,改善水质,保持池水pH值在7~7.5之间,每15d施1ci过磷酸钙,每次15~20kg/667m2;
(6)藕田锦鲤的捕捞:体重在50g以上时,在进水口设置密网,然后从进水口放微流水,将藕田水慢慢排至露出地表面,使锦鲤进入鱼沟、鱼溜内,隔1d后再慢慢排放鱼沟的水,收获莲藕及莲子,莲藕可陆续分期采收至次年4月中下旬。
2.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述的拦鱼栅用竹箔或金属网制作,高度高出田埂20cm,呈弧形安装固定,凸面朝向水流。
3.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述的锦鲤鱼种体长为4~5cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中所制的自制基肥成分按重量计:猪粪220-280份、豆粕20-30份、菜籽油粕20-30份、小麦秸秆30-40份、甘薯藤10-14份、稻壳8-10份、花生壳20-30份、蛭石8-12份、骨粉6-10份、海草粉4-6份、农用微生物菌剂2-3份、甘蔗渣4-6份、糖醛渣3-4份、蒙脱石3-4份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的莲藕锦鲤生态养殖方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(5)中投喂膨化饲料,当水温20℃以下时,每天投喂1~2次,水温20℃以上时,每天投喂3~4次,投喂时间均安排在8:00~18:00。
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