CN111213003B - 双层壳罐以及船舶 - Google Patents
双层壳罐以及船舶 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
- B63B73/40—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by joining methods
- B63B73/49—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms characterised by joining methods by means of threaded members, e.g. screws, threaded bolts or nuts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/02—Wall construction
- B65D90/06—Coverings, e.g. for insulating purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
- B63B2231/02—Metallic materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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- F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C2221/017—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
双层壳罐具有:内槽,其贮存液化气;外槽,其包围内槽,在外槽与内槽之间形成有真空空间;至少1个金属片,其以与内槽的至少底面对置的方式设置于内槽;吸附材料,其载置在金属片上,通过物理吸附来吸附气体分子;以及隔热材料,其从金属片的上方覆盖内槽。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及真空式的双层壳罐以及包含该双层壳罐的船舶。
背景技术
以往,公知有在贮存液化气的内槽与包围其内槽的外槽之间形成有真空空间的双层壳罐。
例如,在专利文献1中公开了一种双层壳罐,该双层壳罐在内槽上层叠多个隔热膜,并且使吸附材料介于这些隔热膜彼此之间。吸附材料是粒状体,熔敷在隔热膜的表面。
在专利文献1所公开的双层壳罐中,在对真空空间进行抽真空时,从隔热膜、内槽、外槽的材料表面等放出氮气、氧气、水蒸气等气体。但是,当向内槽内注入低温物质时,隔热膜被冷却而提高了吸附材料的吸附能力,吸附材料吸附上述放出气体。通过这样的冷却来提高吸附能力的吸附材料被认为是通过物理吸附来吸附气体分子。另外,物理吸附是指气体分子通过范德华力而浓缩在固定表面(吸附材料)上的现象。
另外,在专利文献2的图2中记载了一种双层壳罐,该双层壳罐在内槽与外槽之间的真空空间内沿着内槽的顶面和底面配置有吸气材料。在专利文献2中,为了吸附透过的氢气而使用吸气材料。吸气材料是通过化学吸附来吸附气体分子的材料(在专利文献2中,推测为氢分子被吸气材料转换为水分子)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开昭63-318398号公报
专利文献2:日本特表2006-500536号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是,在专利文献1所公开的双层壳罐中,由于需要使吸附材料熔敷在隔热膜上的作业,因此成本变高。并且,为了使吸附材料介于隔热膜彼此之间,在隔热膜内的厚度方向的温度梯度的影响下,吸附材料无法被冷却到内槽的温度,在吸附能力的提高方面还存在改善的余地。
即使在内槽内,也会由于液化气的密度的温度依赖性而形成温度层,因此深度越深,液化气的温度越低。即,在内槽的外表面中,内槽的底面的温度最低。因此,可考虑使吸附材料与内槽的底面密接而将吸附材料冷却到内槽的底面的温度。但是,在内槽的下方,由于重力作用于吸附材料以使该吸附材料离开内槽,因此难以使吸附材料与内槽的底面密接。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供能够低成本地将吸附材料冷却至内槽的底面的温度的双层壳罐以及包含该双层壳罐的船舶。
用于解决课题的手段
为了解决上述课题,本发明的双层壳罐的特征在于,具有:内槽,其贮存液化气;外槽,其包围所述内槽,在所述外槽与所述内槽之间形成有真空空间;至少1个金属片,其以至少一部分与所述内槽的底面对置的方式安装于所述内槽;吸附材料,其载置在所述金属片上,通过物理吸附来吸附气体分子;以及隔热材料,其覆盖所述内槽和所述金属片。
根据上述结构,热传导率高的金属片以该金属片的至少一部分与内槽的底面对置的方式安装于内槽,并且该金属片与内槽一起被隔热材料覆盖,因此,在向内槽内注入液化气时,金属片被冷却至与内槽的底面相同的温度。并且,由于在该金属片上载置有吸附材料,所以能够将吸附材料冷却至内槽的底面的温度。而且,只要在金属片上载置吸附材料即可,因此能够低成本地得到该效果。
所述金属片的材质也可以与所述内槽的材质相同。根据该结构,虽然在向内槽内注入液化气时内槽会热收缩,但金属片也以与内槽相同的线膨胀率热收缩。因此,能够防止内槽热收缩时的内槽与金属片的相对位置偏移。
在所述内槽也可以设置有多个双头螺栓,所述隔热材料包含多个隔热片,所述多个双头螺栓被用于所述金属片和所述多个隔热片的固定。根据该结构,能够通过共用的双头螺栓将金属片和隔热片这两者固定,能够使构造变得简单。
所述至少1个金属片也可以包含多个金属片,相邻的所述金属片的端部彼此是重合的,设置于所述内槽的双头螺栓贯通该重合的部分。根据该结构,能够尽可能地减少双头螺栓的根数。
所述吸附材料也可以是多孔性的粒状体或粉体,并被封入到袋中,在所述金属片上形成有多个开口。根据该结构,气体分子能够通过金属片的开口而与吸附材料发生碰撞。
并且,本发明的船舶的特征在于,具有所述双层壳罐。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够低成本地将吸附材料冷却至内槽的底面的温度。
附图说明
图1是搭载有本发明的一个实施方式的双层壳罐的船舶的一部分的剖视图。
图2是沿着图1的II-II线的双层壳罐的剖视图。
图3是将图2的一部分放大后的图。
图4是沿着图3的IV-IV线的剖视图。
图5是从图4的V-V线观察的仰视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出搭载有本发明的一个实施方式的双层壳罐2的船舶1的一部分。
在本实施方式中,双层壳罐2呈轴向与船长方向平行的圆筒状。但是,双层壳罐2的形状并不限于此,例如可以是球形状,也可以是立方体状或长方体状。
双层壳罐2包含:内槽3,其贮存液化气;以及外槽6,其包围内槽3。在内槽3与外槽6之间形成有真空空间21。液化气例如是液化石油气(LPG为大约-45℃)、液化乙烯气(LEG为大约-100℃)、液化天然气(LNG为大约-160℃)、液态氧(LO2为大约-180℃)、液态氢(LH2为大约-250℃)、液态氦(LHe为大约-270℃)等。
如图1和图2所示,内槽3和外槽6分别由以一定的剖面形状沿横向延伸的主体和堵住该主体的两侧的开口的半球状的闭塞部构成。但是,闭塞部可以是与主体垂直的平面,也可以是盘状。外槽6的主体的中心线与内槽3的主体的中心线大致一致,外槽6的主体的直径大于内槽3的直径。
外槽6通过设置于船底11的一对鞍座12而在沿双层壳罐2的轴向互相分离的位置处被支承。另一方面,在内槽3与外槽6之间配置有在与鞍座12相同的位置处支承内槽3的一对支承部件22。
内槽3在真空空间21内在整体上被隔热材料5覆盖。在本实施方式中,隔热材料5由多个隔热片构成。但是,在附图中,省略了这些隔热片的切缝。隔热片沿着内槽3的外表面无间隙地排列。隔热片可以形成单层,也可以沿厚度方向层叠而形成多层。
各隔热片具有多层的层叠构造。具体来说,各隔热片包含交替地堆叠的辐射屏蔽膜和间隔件。辐射屏蔽膜例如可以是铝箔,也可以是在树脂片的表面蒸镀有铝(也可以是金或银)的膜。间隔件是热传导率小的片。作为这样的片,可以使用树脂制的网、织布、无纺布等或纸、玻璃纤维材料等。但是,隔热片也可以由玻璃棉构成。
此外,在本实施方式中,在内槽3与隔热材料5之间配置有吸附材料4。吸附材料4通过物理吸附来吸附气体分子。当对真空空间21进行抽真空时,从隔热材料5、内槽3、外槽6的材料表面等放出氮气、氧气、水蒸气等气体。吸附材料4起到对从隔热材料5、内槽3、外槽6的材料表面等放出的气体进行吸附而维持真空空间21的真空度的作用。
如图3和图4所示,吸附材料4至少载置在1个金属片7上(在图1和图2中,为了简化附图,省略了金属片7的附图)。至少1个金属片7以至少其一部分与内槽3的底面对置的方式安装于内槽3。并且,上述隔热材料5覆盖内槽3和金属片7。
这里,“底面”是指内槽3的外表面中的、以最下点为中心的、该外表面的法线与铅垂向下方向所成的角度为45度以下的区域。在本实施方式中,由于双层壳罐2呈圆筒状,所以底面的剖面形状是在横向上为90度的圆弧状,在纵向上为在45度的圆弧部之间具有直线部的形状。在双层壳罐2为球形状的情况下,底面的剖面形状是在任何方向上都是90度的圆弧状。
上述“至少1个金属片7的一部分与内槽3的底面对置”是指,至少1个金属片7的一部分存在于与内槽3的底面重合的范围内。并且,优选全部的金属片7进入到与内槽3的底面重合的范围内。此外,更优选至少1个金属片7覆盖内槽3的底面中的至少最下点。
在本实施方式中,如图1和图2所示,吸附材料4沿着内槽3的主体的下侧一半配置。因此,与吸附材料4同样,多个金属片7被配置成与内槽3的主体的外周面中的下侧一半对置。
金属片7的材质与内槽3的材质相同。例如,内槽3和金属片7的材质是不锈钢、Ni基合金、铝合金等。
在本实施方式中,各金属片7如图5所示那样呈矩形状。并且,相邻的金属片7的端部彼此重合。另一方面,在内槽3中,在与金属片7的四个角对应的位置设置有双头螺栓9。双头螺栓9贯通相邻的金属片7的重合部分。
另外,双头螺栓9也可以贯通构成隔热材料5的隔热片。或者,也可以以隔着双头螺栓9相邻的方式配置隔热片,双头螺栓9从隔热片之间的间隙突出。
双头螺栓9经由金属制的底板31而设置于内槽3。双头螺栓9通过螺纹构造或焊接等而与底板31接合,底板31通过焊接等而与内槽3接合。在图例中,底板31呈圆形状,但底板31也可以呈正方形状。
双头螺栓9的材质没有特别限定,但例如优选玻璃纤维强化塑料(GFRP)等热传导率低的材质。
金属片7与底板31面接触。因此,在内槽3与金属片7之间进行良好的热传导。底板31也作为在金属片7与内槽3之间确保间隙的间隔件来发挥功能。
在本实施方式中,在各金属片7上形成有多个开口71(参照图5)。因此,气体分子能够通过金属片7的开口71而与吸附材料4发生碰撞。开口71可以是在金属板上进行穿设加工而成的贯通孔。或者,金属片7也可以是菱形的开口71排列成交错状的扩展金属。其中,真空空间21中的气体分子能够从金属片7的周围沿着内槽3的外表面朝向吸附材料4进入,因此金属片7也可以是不具有开口71的金属板。
上述吸附材料4是多孔性的粒状体或粉体,并被封入到袋中。封入了吸附材料4的袋通过铆钉而固定于金属片7。作为吸附材料4,可以使用活性炭、沸石、硅胶、氧化铝等。
在隔热材料5的外侧配置有按压板8。该按压板8通过螺母91而被上述的双头螺栓9固定,从而对金属片7和构成隔热材料5的隔热片进行保持。即,双头螺栓9被用于金属片7和隔热片的固定,按压板8将隔热材料5和金属片7按压在底板31上。例如,按压板8由多个棒状部件构成,该多个棒状部件以将相邻的双头螺栓9架设起来的方式延伸。
如以上说明的那样,在本实施方式的双层壳罐2中,热传导率高的金属片7以该金属片7的至少一部分与内槽3的底面对置的方式安装于内槽3,并且该金属片7与内槽3一起被隔热材料5覆盖,因此在向内槽3内注入液化气时,金属片7被冷却到与内槽3的底面相同的温度。并且,由于在该金属片7上载置有吸附材料4,所以能够将吸附材料4冷却到内槽3的底面的温度。而且,只要在金属片7上载置吸附材料4即可,因此能够低成本地得到该效果。
并且,在从双层壳罐2取出液化气时,液化气残留在双层壳罐2的下部直到双层壳罐2变空。因此,能够一边对吸附材料4进行冷却一边维持高真空度,直到双层壳罐2即将变空为止。
此外,在本实施方式中,由于双头螺栓9被用于金属片7和隔热片的固定,所以能够使用共用的双头螺栓9来固定金属片7和隔热片这两者,能够使构造变得简单。
(变形例)
本发明并不限于上述实施方式,能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内进行各种变形。
例如,金属片7的材质也可以与内槽3的材质不同。但是,如果如上述实施方式那样金属片7的材质与内槽3的材质相同,则虽然在向内槽3内注入液化气时内槽3会热收缩,但金属片7也以与内槽相同的线膨胀率热收缩。因此,能够防止内槽3热收缩时的内槽3与金属片7的相对位置偏移。
并且,也可以代替设置底板31,而是将金属片7的端部做成厚壁,并且将双头螺栓9直接接合于内槽3。
并且,在使用多个金属片7的情况下,相邻的金属片的端部不一定需要重合。但是,如果如本实施方式那样相邻的金属片7的端部彼此是重合的,并且双头螺栓9贯通该重合的部分,则能够尽可能地减少双头螺栓9的根数。
并且,隔热材料5不一定需要由隔热片构成,例如,也可以是填充在内槽3与外槽6之间的粒状体(例如,珠光体)或玻璃棉等。或者,隔热材料5也可以由发泡聚氨酯构成。但是,在上述实施方式中说明的层叠构造的隔热片会在真空空间内发挥出比珠光体、玻璃棉、发泡聚氨酯高很多的隔热性能。因此,本发明在隔热材料5包含真空空间用的多个隔热片的情况下特别有效。
并且,本发明不仅适用于搭载在船舶上的罐,也适用于搭载在地上的罐。但是,如果是船舶,则由于船体的翻滚或俯仰而在内槽3内产生晃动。对于这样的晃动,除了金属片7与内槽3通过双头螺栓9机械地紧固之外,金属片7与吸附材料4还通过铆钉进行固定,因此即使在摆动环境下也能够稳定地配置吸附材料。因此,上述实施方式的结构在搭载于船舶的罐中特别有用。
标号说明
1:船舶;2:双层壳罐;21:真空空间;3:内槽;4:吸附材料;5:隔热材料;6:外槽;7:金属片;8:按压板;9:双头螺栓。
Claims (6)
1.一种双层壳罐,其具有:
内槽,其贮存液化气;
外槽,其包围所述内槽,在所述外槽与所述内槽之间形成有真空空间;
至少1个金属片,其以至少一部分与所述内槽的底面对置的方式安装于所述内槽;
吸附材料,其载置在所述金属片上,通过物理吸附来吸附气体分子;以及
隔热材料,其覆盖所述内槽和所述金属片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双层壳罐,其中,
所述金属片的材质与所述内槽的材质相同。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层壳罐,其中,
在所述内槽设置有多个双头螺栓,
所述隔热材料包含多个隔热片,
所述多个双头螺栓被用于所述金属片和所述多个隔热片的固定。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层壳罐,其中,
所述至少1个金属片包含多个金属片,
相邻的所述金属片的端部彼此是重合的,设置于所述内槽的双头螺栓贯通该重合的部分。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层壳罐,其中,
所述吸附材料是多孔性的粒状体或粉体,并被封入到袋中,
在所述金属片上形成有多个开口。
6.一种船舶,其具有权利要求1~5中的任意一项所述的双层壳罐。
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US11247752B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
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EP3699476A4 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
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