CN111205495B - 掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111205495B CN111205495B CN202010028566.0A CN202010028566A CN111205495B CN 111205495 B CN111205495 B CN 111205495B CN 202010028566 A CN202010028566 A CN 202010028566A CN 111205495 B CN111205495 B CN 111205495B
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- Prior art keywords
- poly
- diphosphophosphazene
- proton exchange
- exchange membrane
- polybenzimidazole
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L diphosphonate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)OP([O-])=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002632 poly(dichlorophosphazene) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-diaminobenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 HSTOKWSFWGCZMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UBIJTWDKTYCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorophosphazene Chemical compound ClP1(Cl)=NP(Cl)(Cl)=NP(Cl)(Cl)=N1 UBIJTWDKTYCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 7
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 UENRXLSRMCSUSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 phosphite triester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OUHCZCFQVONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-acetyloxy-2,2-bis(acetyloxymethyl)propyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(COC(C)=O)(COC(C)=O)COC(C)=O OUHCZCFQVONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphite Chemical compound CC(C)OP(OC(C)C)OC(C)C SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCOP(OCCC)OCCC QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C1N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N(CC2OC2)C(=O)N1CC1CO1 OUPZKGBUJRBPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- FAUAZXVRLVIARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-[bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)amino]phenyl]methyl]-n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1OC1CN(C=1C=CC(CC=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC2OC2)CC2OC2)=CC=1)CC1CO1 FAUAZXVRLVIARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 7
- CGGUNVYOABLSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 CGGUNVYOABLSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- CABMTIJINOIHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C(C)C)(C)N=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C(O)=O CABMTIJINOIHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dipicolinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P ceric ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Ce+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XMPZTFVPEKAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUCRGHABDDWQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=CN=C1C(O)=O ZUCRGHABDDWQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCGAZNXXGKTASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 YCGAZNXXGKTASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005264 High molar mass liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZSTLPJLUQNQBDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyne(dihydroxy)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound OP(O)#N ZSTLPJLUQNQBDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRKPIULWFNMOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CN1C(O)=O SRKPIULWFNMOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002382 photo conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/18—Polybenzimidazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G79/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing phosphorus
- C08G79/025—Polyphosphazenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
- C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
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Abstract
本发明报道了一种不溶性的聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)(MPDPP)(其中金属离子M为:Zr4+、Ce4+,Fe3+、La3+或Y3+等)作为质子导体掺杂到聚苯并咪唑(PBI)(PBI可以选用带有吡啶基团的、吡嗪基团的、咪唑基团的等)中制备了高温低湿度下使用的质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于,首先通过三步反应制备不溶性的聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)(MPDPP),研究其工艺条件,得到产品的离子交换容量(IEC)及产率。用其作为质子导体掺杂到新型PBI中,通过交联制备复合膜,该复合膜用于高温低湿度下的质子交换膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高温低湿度燃料电池中质子交换膜的制备方法,可用于固体酸催化剂、催化膜分离反应装置,燃料电池质子交换膜、电解膜、渗透膜、传感器材料等领域。
技术背景:
随着环境污染及资源短缺问题加剧,燃料电池作为高效、环保、发电单元模块化、可靠性高、组装和维修都很方便、工作时没有噪音等优点成为人们的研究热点。质子交换膜燃料电池作为燃料电池的一种,质子交换膜作为质子交换膜燃料电池的核心部件,它的性能好坏直接影响着电池的性能好坏及寿命,因此对质子交换膜的研究就显得尤为重要。
为了实现质子交换膜燃料电池的稳定高效运转,质子交换膜必须满足高质子传导率,足够的机械强度、化学稳定性,低反应物渗透性及低成本等特性。研究发现,提高电池的操作温度不但可以提升电池的性能,而且可以改善其对氢气纯度的要求,对于直接甲醇燃料电池而言,电池温度的提高可以降低透醇的影响。因此,大家一致认为电池的操作温度应该在120~300℃,此时的相对湿度最好是低于50%。因此,高温、低湿度质子交换膜的研究成为重要的研究课题。由于聚苯并咪唑(PBI)耐温性能好,所以,PBI被认为最具开发潜力的一种。但是,本身属于碱性膜,本身并不导电,PBI膜需要掺杂质子导体使其具有一定的质子传导率。一般掺杂的质子导体为液态酸(磷酸),但此类质子导体会随着生成的水而流失,从而影响膜自身的使用寿命;而掺杂非水溶性无机固态酸虽然可以避免流失,但与PBI相容性较差,容易造成分相,从而影响膜的性能。因此对不溶性有机-无机复合质子导体的研究就显得尤为重要。
聚磷腈是一类磷、氮键交替排列形成的化合物,通过化学修饰的聚磷腈可以得到多种高分子材料。由于聚磷腈通过聚合反应合成功能更为广泛的有机-无机高分子材料,可用于催化材料、耐高温橡胶、高分子电解质、光导高分子材料、非线性光学材料、生物医用高分子材料、高分子液晶、分离膜、医药、军工等。例如专利文献CN 201610893595.7刘妍等公开了一种磺化聚磷腈/聚醚醚酮质子交换膜材料的制备方法,具有制备成本低、电导率高、阻醇性能、抗氧化性能和耐热性好等特点。
发明内容:
本发明是利用聚(二氯磷腈)高分子中P-Cl之间的强极性键,与亚磷酸酯反应得到聚(二磷酸酯磷腈),在浓盐酸中水解得到聚(二磷酸磷腈),与水溶性的高价过渡金属离子反应得到不溶性的聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚合物。
(1)聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)质子导体制备
在氮气保护下,向装搅拌器,冷凝管的的三口烧瓶中分别加入氨基磺酸(0.52mmol,0.05g)、六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)(14.4mmol,5g)、溶剂二苯醚(15~30mL),通氮气20~40min后,搅拌、升温至210~250℃下进行开环聚合反应,当溶液变粘稠时,停止加热,冷却,倒入盛有40~60mL石油醚烧杯中,以除去未反应的原料HCCP,用石油醚洗涤三次,抽滤将得到的固体产物在真空干燥箱中,70~90℃下干燥4~8h得到聚(二氯磷腈)(PDCP);将得到的聚(二氯磷腈)与过量的(50~60mL)亚磷酸三乙酯,在100~120℃下反应5~7h,冷却,用适量石油醚洗涤3~4次,以除去过量的未反应的亚磷酸三乙酯,抽滤,固体在真空干燥箱内60~100℃干燥,得到聚(双(二乙氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)(PBPP);将得到的聚(双(二乙氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)(PBPP)加入60~90mL浓盐酸,在搅拌下,110~150℃下水解至溶液变澄清,在110~140℃下,浓缩至近干,以除去反应产物和过量的浓盐酸,用30~50mL的乙酸乙酯萃取3~4次,以除去未水解完全的PBPP,剩余的液体放入真空干燥箱110~130℃烘干,得到聚(双磷酸基磷腈)(PDPP),其反应过程的方程式如下。
PDCP的合成
PDPP的合成
将得到的聚(双磷酸基磷腈)(PDPP)白色固体2.07g溶于一定的去离子水中,并将1.61g的氧氯化锆溶于稀盐酸中,待两者各自溶解完全,边搅拌边把氧氯化锆溶液逐滴加入到聚(双磷酸基磷腈)(PDPP)水溶液中,滴加完毕,搅拌24h,抽滤水洗至中性后,放入真空干燥箱中80~90℃烘干,得到白色固体ZrPDPP(1:2)1.93g,产率为76.44%。按此方法可得到不同比例的ZrPDPP。
如果用其它金属离子代替锆离子可以得到其它过渡金属离子形成的盐MPDPP,其中Mn+=Zr4+、Ce4+、Fe3+、Co3+、La3+或Y3+
聚(二磷酸磷腈盐)(MPDPP)的特点:
MPDPP属于聚磷腈无机高分子中的多磷酸基团与高价金属离子形成的体型聚合物型的磷酸盐,当金属离子的量占到一定比例时其盐可以是不溶性的,但是分子中多余的磷酸基团或磷酸基团中剩余的羟基可以电离出质子,因此,其盐为酸性的质子导体,由于该盐具有耐高温(400℃不分解),所以,该盐具有广泛用途:如,可以作为固体酸用于酸催化反应,如,酯化反应、酯交换反应等,可用于酯化反应、水解反应和生物柴油的制备等领域;该盐耐高温,且高温、低湿度下质子导电性能优良,可用于质子导体添加剂制备高温质子交换膜;用于高温、低湿度下工作的燃料电池的膜电极(MEA)中质子导体添加剂,可以防止其被生成的水带走、流失,从而可以大大提高质子交换膜和膜电极的质子导电的耐久性。聚磷腈虽然是无机高分子材料,但是可以溶于有机溶剂,可以与有机高分子材料有很好的相容性,所以,添加到有机高分子材料中有很好的相容性,不会出现分相现象。
(2)聚(磷腈二磷酸盐)质子导体聚苯并咪唑类质子交换膜的制备
将2,5-PyPBI(1.00g)加入到10mL的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中并在110~140℃下,磁力搅,4~6h使其全部溶解,冷却至50~70℃,加入0.0526g环氧树脂(TGDDM)搅拌0.5~1h后,加入1.2082g ZrPDPP搅拌1~3h使其分散均匀,超声震荡除去气泡并转移到平铺的玻璃板(四面有高出的边沿)上,在真空干燥箱中升温至50~70℃流延6~9h,升温至150~170℃保温5~8h,使其充分交联,降温至110~130℃保持4~5h烘干,冷却至室温,在水浸泡结膜。制备的膜标记为:2,5-PyPBI-TGDDM(5%)/ZrPDPP(50%)。
用同样的方法,改变TGDDM和ZrPDPP的质量可获得一系列2,5-PyPBI-TGDDM(x)/ZrPDPP(y)交联膜,其中x和y分别是TGDDM和ZrPDPP的重量百分比。
用同样的方法,用其它PBI代替2,5-PyPBI可以得到其它PBI-TGDDM(x)/ZrPDPP(y)交联膜。
用同样的方法,用其它交联剂替代TGDDM,可以得到其它交联剂交联的复合质子交换膜。
复合膜的结构如下:
(3)膜电极的制备及单电池组装、性能测试
用传统方法和工艺制备膜电极,只是用本发明的复合膜替代Nafion膜。制备的膜电极组装单电池,把制备的膜电极组装成单电池并且连接到燃料电池测试系统进行测试,阳极用相对湿度为30%的氢气为燃料,流速40mL/min,电池的工作温度250℃,阴极用氧气流速20mL/min,背压0.2MPa。电池性能测试前首先进行活化,再测试其性能,不同膜和不同量的质子导体ZrPDPP添加量的MEA测试。
本发明的创新点:
1)选用聚磷腈类材料,属于无机高分子材料,其具有很好的有机溶剂的相容性,可以与有机高分子材料很好互溶,掺杂到聚苯并咪唑等高分子材料中不会出现分相现象,掺杂量可以很高,可以高达60%。MPDPP盐300℃不分解,具有很好的耐高温性能,掺杂得到复合膜的耐高温性能好。
2)其中间体PDPP为多磷酸基团的高分子,由于其磷酸基团的含量非常高,所以,其高价过渡金属的不溶性盐分子中可以有很多剩余的磷酸基团或磷酸基团中的羟基;分子可以电离出质子,具有酸性,即使在低湿度或干燥情况下同样可以起到质子传导的作用。因此,可用于高温、低湿度下使用的质子交换膜。
3)所用的新型聚苯并咪唑类高分子材料是含有吡嗪、吡啶或咪唑类碱性基团的聚苯并咪唑,这些新型PBI有更多的碱性基团,掺杂质子导体的量会增加,制备的复合膜的质子电导率会更高;优选其PBI分子中含有多个2,6-吡啶基团、2,3-吡啶基团、2,4-吡啶基团,2,5-吡啶基团;2,6-吡嗪基团、2,3-吡嗪基团、2,4-吡嗪基团,2,5-吡嗪基团;2,3-咪唑基团、2,5-咪唑基团。
4)交联剂是高交联度的(其氯甲基化聚苯并咪唑类,聚二氯磷腈等属于新型的),其交联剂加入很少的情况下,其具有很好的交联修改,度复合膜的机械性能、干湿变形性能、抗氧化性能和阻醇性能均有很大改善。
具体实施方式
[实施例1]:聚(二氯磷腈)的制备
在氮气保护下,向装搅拌器,冷凝管的的三口烧瓶中分别加入氨基磺酸(0.52mmol,0.05g)、六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)(14.4mmol,5g)、溶剂二苯醚(15~30mL),通氮气20~40min后,搅拌、升温至210~250℃下进行开环聚合反应,当溶液变粘稠时,停止加热,冷却,倒入盛有40~60mL石油醚烧杯中,以除去未反应的原料HCCP,用石油醚洗涤三次,抽滤将得到的固体产物在真空干燥箱中,70~90℃下干燥4~8h得到聚(二氯磷腈)(PDCP),得到的PDCP产率70%,粘均分子量6~8万。
采用上述方法只是把二苯醚换成其它溶剂(芳烃溶剂油,环丁砜,三乙酸甘油酯,季戊四醇四乙酸酯,多聚乙二醇二乙酸酯,液体石蜡,甲基萘油中的一种或几种的混合液),也可以控制温度在210~250℃,有的甚至可以控制更高的反应温度,也可以得到开环聚合的产物,只是去除溶剂时要用对该溶剂溶解性能更好低沸点的溶剂清洗。
用不同溶剂进行开环聚合反应的产率在40%~80%范围内,粘均分子量在4~10万范围内。
[实施例2]:聚(双(二烷氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)(PBPP)的制备
将得到的聚(二氯磷腈)20g与过量的(50~60mL)亚磷酸三乙酯,在100~120℃下反应5~7h,冷却,用适量石油醚洗涤3~4次,以除去过量的未反应的亚磷酸三乙酯,抽滤,固体在真空干燥箱内60~100℃干燥,得到聚(双(二乙氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)(PBPP);将得到的聚(双(二乙氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)(PBPP)产率83%。
采用相同反应步骤,以不同亚磷酸酯或在不同条件进行反应的产率汇总均高于73%。
[实施例3]:聚(双磷酸基磷腈)的制备
将25g的PBPP加入60~90mL浓盐酸,在搅拌下,110~150℃下水解至溶液变澄清,在110~140℃下,浓缩至近干,以除去反应产物和过量的浓盐酸,用30~50mL的乙酸乙酯萃取3~4次,以除去未水解完全的PBPP,剩余的液体放入真空干燥箱110~130℃烘干,得到聚(双磷酸基磷腈)(PDPP),产率89%
采用相同反应步骤,只是用二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯或石油醚萃取,产率分别为87%,83%,81%和85%。
采用相同的反应步骤,在浓盐酸中回流24h,在70℃下减压蒸馏,用乙酸乙酯萃取,产率为84%。
[实施例4]:ZrPDPP(0.78)的制备
将得到的聚(双磷酸基磷腈)(PDPP)白色固体2.07g溶于一定的去离子水中,并将1.61g的氧氯化锆溶于稀盐酸中,待两者各自溶解完全,边搅拌边把氧氯化锆溶液逐滴加入到聚(双磷酸基磷腈)(PDPP)水溶液中,滴加完毕,室温下搅拌反应24h,抽滤、水洗至中性后,放入真空干燥箱中80~90℃烘干,得到白色固体ZrPDPP(0.78)1.93g,产率为76.44%。
氯氧化锆与PDPP质量比为0.78,所以,记为ZrPDPP(0.78)。
其它不同摩尔配比的ZrPDPP的制备方法同上,只是氯氧化锆与PDPP的质量比,其结果见表1所示。
采用其它高价金属离子的可溶性盐替代氧氯化锆,按此方法可得到不同质量比的MPDPP制备工艺条件和性能见表1所示。
[实施例5]:ZrPDPP的质子导电性能测试。
以ZrPDPP(0.78)作为质子导体,在180℃,100%相对湿度下质子电导率达0.159S/cm;在180℃,50%相对湿度下质子电导率达0.081S/cm;在180℃,干燥条件下质子电导率达0.00467S/cm。采用其它高价金属离子的可溶性盐替代氯氧化锆所制备的MPDPP盐,其压片所测定的不同温度、不同相对湿度下的电导率如表2所示。
[实施例6]:以ZrPDPP(0.78)作为质子导体用于高温质子交换膜的制备。
(1)含有吡嗪基团的聚苯并咪唑(PzPBI)的制备:用2,6-吡嗪二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺(DABz)反应制备,具体反应步骤为:在装有电动搅拌和氮气保护的三口烧瓶中加入多聚磷酸(PPA)(100g),氮气保护下160℃搅拌1h以除去多余的水分及空气。将DABz(4.00g,18.7mmol)以及2,6-吡嗪二甲酸(3.14g,18.7mmol)混合均匀,慢慢加入到三口烧瓶中。控制氮气流速,防止DABz被氧化,同时将反应温度提升到200℃并继续保温、搅拌反应5~8h。随着反应时间的增加,聚合体系逐渐变得粘稠。待粘度合适时停止反应,反应混合液慢慢转移到大量去离子水中抽丝,洗净、烘干,粉碎,去离子水多次洗涤以除去多聚磷酸和未反应的反应物,即得到PzPBI,用乌氏粘度计测定PzPBI的分子量。其粘均分子量为4.5万到5.5万。
(2)其它带吡嗪基团的PBI的制备方法:同(1)的方法,只是将2,6-吡嗪二甲酸分别换成2,5-吡嗪二甲酸或2,3-吡嗪二甲酸即可,其它操作同(1),即可得到含有不同吡啶基团的PzPBI,产品分别记为:3,5-PzPBI或2,3-PzPBI。
(3)ZrPDPP(0.78)掺杂到聚苯并咪唑(PzPBI)的复合质子交换膜的制备:以ZrPDPP(0.78)掺杂40%为例。取1.0g PzPBI加入10mL N,N’-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中,在80℃下磁力搅拌24h使其充分溶解,抽滤除去不溶物。在50℃下向滤液中加入交联剂0.05g TGIC,继续搅拌2.5h使其充分溶解。再加入0.70g ZrPDPP(0.78),继续搅拌3h使其充分分散在铸膜液中。超声振荡1h以除去气泡,而后将其浇铸在玻璃板上,在60℃下流延12h,120℃下加热12h除去溶剂,而后在160℃下加热6h使PBI和TGIC进行充分交联。将得到的膜在0.1mol L- 1H2SO4水溶液中室温下浸泡24h,使掺杂到膜充分酸化,而后在去离子水中浸泡24h(每6h换水一次)以洗去膜中的硫酸,得到PzPBI-TGIC(5%)/ZrPDPP(0.78)(40%)复合膜。
(4)其他PBI制备方法同实施例6中的(1)部分。只是将2,6-吡嗪二羧酸改为其他二羧酸(如,间苯二甲酸、2,6-吡啶二羧酸、1,8-萘二羧酸,1,5-咪唑二羧酸或4,4’-联苯二甲酸等)
(5)其他交联剂交联,其他ZrPDPP(0.78)掺杂量的PBI复合膜的制备方法同实施例6中实验(3)部分,只是把交联剂TGIC改为其他交联剂,ZrPDPP(0.78)的用量0.7g改为其他量即可。其复合膜的测试结果与表3所示。
不同温度下测试复合膜的电导率如表4所示
[实施例7]:膜电极的制备及单电池组装、性能测试
用传统方法和工艺制备膜电极,只是用本发明的复合膜替代Nafion膜。制备的膜电极组装单电池,把制备的膜电极组装成单电池并且连接到燃料电池测试系统进行测试,阳极用相对湿度为50%的氢气为燃料,流速40mL/min,电池的工作温度150℃,阴极用氧气流速20mL/min,背压0.2MPa。电池性能测试前首先进行活化,再测试其性能,不同膜和不同量的质子导体MPDPP添加量的MEA测试结果如表5所示。
[实施例8]:采用实施例4相同的方法,只是把氯氧锆分别换成硝酸铈铵、三氯化铁、硝酸钇或硝酸镧,按照不同的摩尔配比,即可分别得到不同配比的锆盐、铁盐、钇盐或镧盐。分别采用实施例5、实施例6和实施例7的方法研究这些盐的性能,其制备工艺和性能如表1,表2、表3、表4和表5所示。
表1 MPDPP类质子导体的制备工艺条件及性能对比
注:IEC的单位为meq.g-1。
表2 MPDPP类质子导体在180℃下不同性低湿度下的质子电导率(S/cm)
表3 MPDPP掺杂到PBI制备的复合膜在的质子电导率(S/cm)
注:2,6-PzPBI:2,6-吡嗪二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
2,5-TpPBI:2,5-噻吩二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
2,6-PyPBI:2,6-吡啶二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
多官能度的交联剂缩写及中文全称:
TGIC:1,3,5-三(环氧乙烷-2-基甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三酮
TGDDM:N,N,N’,N’-四环氧丙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷
CMPSU:氯甲基化聚醚砜
CMPBI:氯甲基化聚苯并咪唑
PDCP:聚二氯磷腈
表4 MPDPP掺杂PBI复合膜在RH50%不同温度下的质子电导率(S/cm)
注:2,6-PzPBI:2,6-吡嗪二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
2,5-TpPBI:2,5-噻吩二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
2,6-PyPBI:2,6-吡啶二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
多官能度的交联剂缩写及中文全称:
TGIC:1,3,5-三(环氧乙烷-2-基甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三酮
TGDDM:N,N,N’,N’-四环氧丙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷
CMPSU:氯甲基化聚醚砜
CMPBI:氯甲基化聚苯并咪唑
PDCP:聚二氯磷腈
表5 MPDPP掺杂PBI复合膜制备的膜电极性能测试结果
注:2,6-PzPBI:2,6-吡嗪二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
2,6-PyPBI:2,6-吡啶二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
2,3-PzPBI:2,3-吡嗪二甲酸与3,3’-二氨基联苯胺缩合得到的新型PBI
多官能度的交联剂缩写及中文全称:
TGIC:1,3,5-三(环氧乙烷-2-基甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三酮
TGDDM:N,N,N’,N’-四环氧丙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷
CMPSU:氯甲基化聚醚砜
PDCP:聚二氯磷腈。
Claims (7)
1.掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)是不溶性体型聚合物,耐300℃高温,聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)作为质子导体掺杂到的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)通过交联制备高温、低湿度下使用的质子交换膜,其制备过程包括:
(1)以六氯环三磷腈为原料,在高沸点的溶剂中,加热开环聚合得到聚(二氯磷腈),聚(二氯磷腈)与亚磷酸三酯反应,得到聚(双(二烷氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈);聚(双(二烷氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)在浓盐酸中水解得到聚(双磷酸基磷腈),聚(双磷酸基磷腈)与高价金属离子中的一种或多种发生聚合而得到不溶于水的聚(二磷酸盐磷腈):六氯环三磷腈210~250℃下开环聚合得到聚(二氯磷腈);聚(二氯磷腈)与亚磷酸三酯在100~120℃下反应得到聚(双(二烷氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈);将聚(双(二烷氧基磷酸酯基)磷腈)在浓盐酸中水解得到聚(双磷酸基磷腈);聚(双磷酸基磷腈)与高价金属离子溶液反应得到不同配比的聚(二磷酸盐磷腈);
(2)聚苯并咪唑的制备是用3,3’-二氨基联苯胺(DABz)与含有碱性基团的芳香二酸为原料,在多聚磷酸(PPA)中,惰性气体保护下,200℃,反应3~8h,得到聚苯并咪唑,其粘均分子量为4.5~5万;
(3)采用流延成膜法制备复合膜,按照质子导体掺杂量20wt%~60wt%,用多官能度的交联剂进行交联制备复合膜;制备的复合质子交换膜在-15℃~300℃,相对湿度0~50%下使用;
(4)复合质子交换膜用于高温、低湿度质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极制备过程中用与制备复合膜相同,也可以不同的聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)作为质子添加剂,用于高温氢-空气燃料电池、直接甲醇燃料电池或甲醇重整的燃料电池;由于电池的操作温度的升高,燃料电池对氢气或氧气的纯度要求降低。
2.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,高沸点的溶剂选用:芳烃溶剂油,二苯醚,环丁砜,三乙酸甘油酯,季戊四醇四乙酸酯,多聚乙二醇二乙酸酯,液体石蜡,甲基萘油中的一种或几种的混合液,其特征在于:高沸点的溶剂是沸点高于220℃且对六氯环三磷腈和聚(二氯磷腈)稳定的溶剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,其亚磷酸三酯选用:亚磷酸三甲酯、亚磷酸三乙酯、亚磷酸三丙酯或亚磷酸三异丙酯中的一种或几种的混合物,其特征在于:水解反应生成的醇沸点低,容易被蒸发去除。
4.权利要求1所述的掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)是不溶性体型聚合物,是聚(双磷酸基磷腈)与高价金属离子Zr4+,Fe3+,La3+或Y3+中的一种或几种的混合物形成的盐;聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)虽然是无机聚合物材料,但是,其分子中的聚磷腈部分与有机高分子材料有很好的相容性,该盐300℃不分解,有很好的耐高温性能,分子中未反应的磷酸基团或磷酸基团上未参与反应的羟基表现出酸性,用于不溶性的耐高温的质子导体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:其高价金属盐与聚(双磷酸基磷腈)的质量比为2:5~3:2。
6.权利要求1所述的掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所用的新型聚苯并咪唑类高分子材料是含有吡嗪、吡啶或咪唑类碱性基团的聚苯并咪唑,这些PBI有更多的碱性基团,掺杂质子导体的量会增加,制备的复合膜的质子电导率会更高;选用其PBI分子中含有多个2,6-吡啶基团、2,3-吡啶基团、2,4-吡啶基团,2,5-吡啶基团;2,6-吡嗪基团、2,3-吡嗪基团、2,4-吡嗪基团,2,5-吡嗪基团;2,3-咪唑基团、2,5-咪唑基团的PBI。
7.权利要求1所述的掺杂聚(二磷酸盐磷腈)聚苯并咪唑类高温、低湿度质子交换膜的制备方法,其特征在于:交联剂选用多官能度的交联剂,多官能度以在同等交联的情况下所用交联剂最少,对复合膜的电导率影响最小;交联剂选用三或四环氧值的环氧树脂、高氯含量的氯甲基化聚醚砜、氯甲基化聚苯并咪唑或聚二氯磷腈。
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