CN111205220A - 一种荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN111205220A
CN111205220A CN202010121330.1A CN202010121330A CN111205220A CN 111205220 A CN111205220 A CN 111205220A CN 202010121330 A CN202010121330 A CN 202010121330A CN 111205220 A CN111205220 A CN 111205220A
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李学强
孙圣
梁波
夏旭伟
张雅南
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种荧光探针及其制备方法,该荧光探针具有式(1)中的化学结构式:

Description

一种荧光探针及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于化学分析检测技术领域,尤其涉及一种荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
苯硫酚(C6H5SH,PhSH)是一种具有高反应活性的芳基硫化物,在合成工业中有着广泛的应用,如磺胺类药物、农药及高分子的合成。但另一方面苯硫酚具有很高的毒性,呼吸及皮肤的摄入会导致各种病症,如呼吸困难、肌无力、中枢神经损伤甚至死亡。美国职业安全健康局限定了苯硫酚的工作环境最高浓度为0.1ppm。随着苯硫酚的大量工业使用排放及毒害作用,开发高灵敏、高选择检测苯硫酚的方法对环境检测与保护是非常必要的。
基于分子探针的荧光法检法具有样品处理简洁、成本低廉及操作简便快速等优点,近年来得到了发展与利用。但目前用于检测苯硫酚的荧光探针分子还存在合成复杂、选择性及灵敏度不够高、水溶性差等问题(Zhang W.J.Dyes and Pigments 2016,133,248;Pagidi S.Langmuir 2018,34,8170;Genga Y.Sensors&Actuators:B.Chemical 2018,273,1670.),因此,亟待开发性能优良的苯硫酚检测探针去克服存在的上述问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种易于制备、性能稳定、分析性能优良、水溶性好的荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种荧光探针,具有式(1)中的化学结构式:
Figure BDA0002393058940000011
本发明在对荧光探针进行设计时,通过向分子内引入吡啶基团以增强荧光探针的水溶性,同时,考虑到苯硫酚具有较强的亲核反应能力、能与缺电子分子或基团发生反应的分子特性,在分子设计时引入了2,4-二硝基苯醚基团,利用2,4-二硝基苯醚能与苯硫酚发生特异性反应的特点,将其作为苯硫酚的响应基团;在采用比色法或荧光法进行检测时,苯硫酚将会亲核进攻荧光探针的苯氧基,进一步通过脱除反应,使得探针的酚羟基游离出来,而由于本发明对于探针的分子设计,游离出来的酚羟基将会进一步与荧光探针中的氰根发生分子内加成、成环反应,从而得到了香豆素类荧光分子;香豆素类荧光分子具有稳定性好、发光强度高、水溶性好等优点,且反应活性位点与光谱性质可调控,这也是本发明将荧光探针设计为具有香豆素母体结构的分子骨架的结构的原因。
基于同一技术构思,本发明还提供了一种上述荧光探针的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料;
(2)将化合物A、吡啶乙腈和催化剂溶于溶剂中,加热反应1~24h,得到混合溶液;化合物A具有式(2)中的化学结构式:
Figure BDA0002393058940000021
(3)将混合溶液去除溶剂后经层析柱分离,得到荧光探针。
上述荧光探针通过4-(二乙氨基)-2-(2,4-二硝基苯氧基)-苯甲醛与吡啶的羟醛缩合反应得到,具体制备方法的反应流程如下:
Figure BDA0002393058940000022
本技术方案选择了化合物A,即4-(二乙氨基)-2-(2,4-二硝基苯氧基)-苯甲醛和吡啶乙腈作为原料,该两种原料来源广泛、价格低廉,反应获得的荧光探针产率高,且反应条件温和、设备简单、步骤简便,为荧光探针的产业化生产提供了理论指导,并且通过本技术方案的方法制备得到的荧光探针具有性能稳定、分析性能优良、水溶性好的优点。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(2)中反应时间为5h。
作为上述技术方案的优选,催化剂为哌啶、乙酸、乙酸钠和三乙胺中的一种或多种;进一步地,催化剂为哌啶。上述催化剂对羟醛缩合反应具有良好的催化效果,能够提高反应效率及荧光探针最终收率。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(2)中反应温度为50~120℃;进一步地,步骤(2)中反应温度为80℃。反应温度过低则可能导致反应不完全,温度过高则容易产生副反应,影响最终产物收率。
作为上述技术方案的优选,溶剂为乙腈、乙醇、乙酸钠和三乙胺中的一种或多种。
基于同一技术构思,本发明还提供一种上述荧光探针的应用,荧光探针应用于水体、土壤和生物体系中苯硫酚的测定。
作为上述技术方案的优选,该荧光探针应用于水体或土壤中苯硫酚的检测,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)绘制标准曲线:将该荧光探针溶于磷酸混合缓冲体系中,得到探针溶液;向探针溶液中加入不同浓度的苯硫酚并测量特定波长下加入苯硫酚后探针溶液的荧光强度,以所得的荧光发射强度对探针溶液中苯硫酚的浓度绘制标准曲线;
(2)将待测水体或土壤样品配置成待测溶液,在待测溶液中加入荧光探针,测定其在特定波长下的荧光强度,根据该荧光强度和标准曲线即得到待测溶液中苯硫酚的浓度。
作为上述技术方案的优选,荧光探针应用于生物体系中苯硫酚的测定,具体包括以下步骤:将生物体系的样品与该荧光探针一同进行培育,利用荧光成像的方法对细胞生物样品中进行分析。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供了一种荧光探针及其制备方法,还提供了该荧光探针在检测苯硫酚领域的应用;
(2)本发明的荧光探针分子具有良好的稳定性(荧光探针母液能在室内稳定存放三个月以上,其光谱性质保持不变)和光学性能,反应前单独荧光探针溶液无荧光发射,随着苯硫酚的加入,荧光探针分子在~510nm处有强的荧光发射性质;且本发明的荧光探针具有高选择性和高灵敏度,对苯硫酚识别能力强,响应速度较快,响应范围为0~10μmol·L-1,检测限低(16nmol·L-1),用于苯硫酚的检测时各项性能优越;
(3)本发明的荧光探针的制备方法,所用原料易得,合成产率较高(达85%以上),且反应条件温和、设备简单、步骤简便,为荧光探针的产业化生产提供了理论指导。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1中荧光探针的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为实施例4中加入苯硫酚后的荧光探针溶液的荧光发射强度对苯硫酚浓度的曲线图;
图3为实施例4中荧光强度对苯硫酚的浓度标准曲线图;
图4为实施例4中荧光探针对苯硫酚选择性的测试结果;
图5为实施例5荧光探针检测人胃癌细胞(MGC-803)内苯硫酚的成像图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
荧光探针的合成:
实施例1:
将化合物A(0.76g,2.12mmol)和4-吡啶乙腈(0.25g,2.12mmol)溶于无水乙醇(10mL)中,再向反应液中加入哌啶(0.1mL),在80℃下回流反应5小时。反应结束后,抽滤除去滤液,保留滤饼,用柱色谱法进行纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1,体积比),减压旋干得到黄色固体0.838g(收率为86%)。产物经过核磁共振氢谱分析后,其结构式如式(1)所示:
Figure BDA0002393058940000041
其中化合物A的结构式如式(2)所示:
Figure BDA0002393058940000051
核磁共振氢谱图如图1所示,对该图谱的描述如下:
1H NMR(400Hz,CDCl3):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.96(s,1H),8.71(s,2H),8.54(s,1H),8.11(s,1H),7.51(s,2H),7.44(s,1H),7.08(s,1H),6.90(s,1H),6.51(s,1H),2.50(q,4H),1.13(t,6H)。MS[ESI]:m/z,calcd for[M+H]+460.15;found 459.58。
实施例2:
将化合物A(0.76g,2.12mmol)和4-吡啶乙腈(0.25g,2.12mmol)溶于无水乙腈(10mL)中,再向反应液中加入三乙胺(0.1mL),在50℃下回流反应5小时。反应结束后,抽滤除去滤液,保留滤饼,用柱色谱法进行纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1,体积比),减压旋干得到黄色固体0.563g(收率为57%)。
实施例3:
将化合物A(0.76g,2.12mmol)和4-吡啶乙腈(0.25g,2.12mmol)溶于无水乙醇(10mL)中,再向反应液中加入乙酸钠(0.1mL),在80℃下回流反应12小时。反应结束后,抽滤除去滤液,保留滤饼,用柱色谱法进行纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1,体积比),减压旋干得到黄色固体0.746g(收率为76%)。
荧光探针对苯硫酚的荧光检测:
实施例4:
将实施例1制备的荧光探针溶解于磷酸混合缓冲溶液(10mM,pH 7.4)中,配制成10μmol·L-1的探针溶液。在3mL的比色皿中加入2mL配制的10μmol·L-1的探针溶液,然后分别加入不同浓度的苯硫酚均匀混合,测试其荧光光谱,结果如图2所示。以溶液在510nm处荧光发射强度对苯硫酚的浓度作图,所得标准曲线如图3所示,从a至k,苯硫酚浓度分别为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10μmol·L-1,溶液体系为水的磷酸混合缓冲溶液(10mM,pH 7.4),横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度;由图可知,苯硫酚浓度在0~10μmol·L-1范围内时,荧光发射强度和苯硫酚浓度两者之间呈现良好的线性关系,能实现该浓度范围内苯硫酚的定量检测。
取10μM实施例1制备的荧光探针,加入100μmol·L-1不同物质(苯硫酚、半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽、同型半胱氨酸、碳酸钠、苯胺、苯酚、乙酸钠、氟化钠和硝酸钠)后,在510nm处测量混合溶液的荧光发射强度,并以测试的干扰物质为横坐标、荧光强度为纵坐标作图,得到荧光探针对苯硫酚选择性测试结果图,如图4所示;由图可见,实施例1制备的荧光探针不受其它一些常见物质的影响,如半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽、同型半胱氨酸、碳酸钠、苯胺、苯酚、乙酸钠、氟化钠、硝酸钠。在上述干扰离子存在的条件下,探针对含苯硫酚仍具有良好的选择性和灵敏度。
荧光探针对细胞中苯硫酚的检测:
实施例5:
将培养好的人胃癌细胞(MGC-803)在37℃下置于10μM实施例1制备的荧光探针的PBS溶液中培养1h后得到的细胞图像,此时图像无荧光。而将MGC-803细胞在37℃下在含实施例1制备的荧光探针培养液培养1h后,再加入苯硫酚,与含苯硫酚的溶液中培养1h、经PBS缓冲液冲洗之后、能够获得细胞的荧光成像图片如图5所示:图5中(A)、(B)分别是实施例1制备的荧光探针(10μmol·L-1)培养的MGC-803细胞的明场图片和荧光图片;(C)、(D)分别是本发明分子荧光探针(10μmol·L-1)和苯硫酚(20μmol·L-1)培养的MGC-803细胞的明场图片和荧光图片;由此说明本发明的荧光探针具有良好的细胞膜渗透性、可用于生物医学领域的细胞成像分析。

Claims (9)

1.一种荧光探针,其特征在于,具有式(1)中的化学结构式:
Figure FDA0002393058930000011
2.一种权利要求1所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)准备原料;
(2)将化合物A、吡啶乙腈和催化剂溶于溶剂中,加热反应1~24h,得到混合溶液;所述化合物A具有式(2)中的化学结构式:
Figure FDA0002393058930000012
(3)将所述混合溶液去除溶剂后经层析柱分离,得到所述荧光探针。
3.如权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为哌啶、乙酸、乙酸钠和三乙胺中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中混合溶液去除溶剂的方法为,将所述混合溶液进行减压旋干。
5.如权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的反应温度为50~120℃。
6.如权利要求2-5任一项所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为乙腈、乙醇、乙酸钠和三乙胺中的一种或多种。
7.一种权利要求1所述的荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针应用于水体、土壤和生物体系中苯硫酚的测定。
8.如权利要求7所述的荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针应用于水体或土壤中苯硫酚的测定,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)绘制标准曲线:将所述荧光探针溶于磷酸混合缓冲体系中,得到探针溶液;向所述探针溶液中加入不同浓度的苯硫酚并测量特定波长下加入苯硫酚后所述探针溶液的荧光强度,以所得的荧光发射强度对探针溶液中苯硫酚的浓度绘制标准曲线;
(2)将待测水体或土壤样品配置成待测溶液,在所述待测溶液中加入所述荧光探针,测定其在所述特定波长下的荧光强度,根据该荧光强度和所述标准曲线即得到所述待测溶液中苯硫酚的浓度。
9.如权利要求7所述的荧光探针的应用,其特征在于,所述荧光探针应用于生物体系中苯硫酚的测定,具体包括以下步骤:将所述生物体系的样品与所述荧光探针一同进行培育,利用荧光成像的方法对细胞生物样品中进行分析。
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