CN111197057B - 调控免疫细胞迁移的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
调控免疫细胞迁移的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及调控免疫细胞迁移的组合物和方法。本发明调控免疫细胞迁移的方法包括增强或减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间相互作用的步骤。本发明也涉及具有增强或减弱的Hsp90与α4整合素之间相互作用的免疫细胞及其药物组合物。本发明的方法和药物组合物可用于治疗病原体感染及自身免疫疾病或者杀伤肿瘤细胞。
Description
技术领域
本文涉及调控免疫细胞迁移的组合物和方法。
背景技术
免疫细胞的迁移运动是机体免疫与宿主防御的关键环节,在对机体进行有效的免疫监视以及维持内环境的稳定中发挥重要作用,是当前生命科学领域的研究热点和前沿性课题。其中,免疫细胞从血液经过毛细血管高内皮静脉(high endothelial venules,HEVs)定向迁移至淋巴器官、组织,包括免疫细胞向外周淋巴器官的归巢,或者向炎症部位和病理组织的定向迁移等。免疫细胞的归巢过程涉及免疫细胞和血管内皮细胞表面的多种黏附分子的协同作用,由一系列高度有序的黏附事件所组成,分别是:免疫细胞定位并在血管内壁滚动、趋化因子依赖的细胞活化、稳定黏附以及最后的跨血管内皮迁移渗出。在介导免疫细胞归巢的多种分子中,整合素是最重要的一种免疫细胞归巢受体(homing receptor),它通过与表达在血管内皮表面的相应整合素配体的相互作用实现对免疫细胞黏附与迁移的精确调控。
整合素作为一类表达在细胞膜表面的重要细胞黏附分子(cell adhesionmolecule,CAM),是由α和β两个亚基通过非共价键连接组成的异源二聚体。整合素在生物体内的分布非常广泛,目前在脊椎动物中发现了18种不同的α亚基和8种不同的β亚基,相互组合组成至少24种整合素。其中,α4和β2整合素作为介导免疫细胞归巢的2类主要受体,对免疫细胞在血管内皮上的黏附、迁移以及渗出迁移到次级淋巴器官、炎症或者肿瘤部位发挥着非常重要的作用。整合素介导的免疫细胞黏附与迁移是通过对其配体亲和性的动态调节实现的。细胞在未受到任何刺激的情况下,细胞膜表面的整合素处于一种低活性构象,这时整合素表现出低配体亲和性;当细胞受到刺激后,细胞内部的相关信号通路被激活,细胞内部的调节蛋白进而通过一种称为inside-out signaling引起整合素的一系列构象变化(由低活性的折叠构象变为高活性的延伸构象),完成整合素的活化,而活化后的整合素可以与配体以高亲和性结合,介导稳定的细胞黏附。另一方面,细胞外配体与整合素胞外区的结合也会引起整合素的整体构象变化以及整合素在细胞表面的簇集,进而招募胞内的信号分子,激活胞内的相应信号通路(outside-in signaling),促进细胞的铺展和迁移。
发热是生物体在进化上高度保守的用以应对损伤的防御机制。当机体受到病原体刺激后,局部炎症部位或者是全身范围内的温度会显著性上升,可以有效地提高生物体在感染或炎症下的存活水平。具体而言,发热是机体应对外界感染和刺激(比如细菌内毒素、炎症、损伤)所产生的复杂的生理反应。通常由局部释放的致热细胞因子,包括肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)等来诱发机体发热。在恒温动物当中,这些致热细胞因子可以作用于下丘脑来提高温度调节的阈值,并且启动一系列生化、生理和行为上的反应,最终导致机体温度的上调。已有大量的研究报道证实发热范围内的高温胁迫(fever-rangethermal stress)与应激条件下机体固有免疫和适应性免疫的增强有着密不可分的关系,其中一个重要的功能就是促进免疫细胞向次级淋巴器官或者炎症部位的迁移,从而促进免疫反应和组织修复。学者一般认为发热范围内的高温是通过舒张血管来改变血流的动力学指标来促进免疫细胞招募到炎症等组织部位。然而,近期的研究发现发热范围内的高温胁迫扮演着更加主动的角色来指导免疫细胞迁移到次级淋巴器官或者炎症部位。主要研究成果有:发热范围内的高温胁迫促进了毛细血管高内皮静脉表面细胞黏附分子ICAM-1和趋化因子CCL21的表达,进而增强了整合素LFA-1依赖的免疫细胞渗出毛细血管高内皮静脉能力。其中,IL-6/sIL6-Rα信号通路在发热诱导的ICAM-1表达升高中发挥重要作用。综上所述,目前人们对于发热调控免疫细胞迁移的了解只局限于血管系统,关于发热对免疫细胞自身的调控及其机制还几乎一无所知。
有意思的是,研究发现发热范围内的高温胁迫可以直接作用于免疫细胞,选择性地促进α4整合素介导的黏附和迁移,但却不影响β2整合素的功能。遗憾的是,这些研究只局限在表型观察水平,对于其分子机制却没有任何报导。
发明内容
本发明提供一种调控免疫细胞迁移的方法,所述方法包括增强或减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间相互作用的步骤。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述方法包括通过以下任意一种或多种方式增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用:(1)在所述免疫细胞中过表达Hsp90蛋白和/或Hsp90突变蛋白,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述Hsp90突变蛋白仅在中部结构域具有突变,或所述Hsp90蛋白具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变;(2)在所述免疫细胞中过表达α4整合素。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述方法包括通过以下任意一种或多种方式减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用:(1)敲除或敲低免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白表达;(2)敲除或敲低免疫细胞中α4整合素表达;(3)在野生型或敲除Hsp90蛋白的免疫细胞中表达与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白;(4)在野生型或者敲除α4整合素的免疫细胞中表达与Hsp90蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白。
在一个或多个实施方案中,使用Hsp90蛋白和/或Hsp90突变蛋白的表达载体和/或整合载体处理免疫细胞,和/或使用α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体处理免疫细胞,和/或使用提高免疫细胞天然携带的Hsp90和/或α4整合素的转录水平的试剂处理免疫细胞,和/或将免疫细胞置于发热范围内的高温下,从而增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
在一个或多个实施方案中,在免疫细胞中转入基因敲除载体,以敲除所述免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白表达和/或α4整合素表达,和/或采用ZFN、TALEN或CRISPR/Cas9等技术敲除对象免疫细胞Hsp90和/或α4整合素的表达,和/或通过干扰RNA介导的基因沉默敲低Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素的表达,和/或在免疫细胞中转入基因插入载体、以在敲除野生型Hsp90和/或α4整合素的编码序列的同时将与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白的表达框和/或与Hsp90蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白的表达框整合到免疫细胞的基因组中,减弱或破坏免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比缺少其N端和/或C端结构域。
本发明还提供一种基因工程免疫细胞,与野生型免疫细胞相比,该基因工程免疫细胞具有增强或减弱的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述基因工程免疫细胞:(1)过表达Hsp90蛋白和/或Hsp90突变蛋白,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述Hsp90突变蛋白仅在中部结构域具有突变,或所述Hsp90蛋白具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变;和/或,(2)过表达α4整合素。
在一个或多个实施方案中,所述基因工程免疫细胞:(1)与野生型免疫细胞相比,不表达Hsp90或Hsp90的表达量降低,或表达的Hsp90的活性降低,或表达突变的Hsp90蛋白;和/或,(2)与野生型免疫细胞细胞相比,α4整合素的表达量降低,或表达突变的α4整合素、使得该免疫细胞中Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用减弱或消失。在一个或多个是实施方案中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述突变的Hsp90蛋白缺少其N端和/或C端结构域。在一个或多个实施方案中,与野生型α4整合素相比,所述突变的α4整合素胞内段在第968-974位氨基酸残基之外具有一个或多个导致其与Hsp90蛋白之间的相互作用减弱或消失的突变;优选地,在R985、W989和Y991中的至少一个位置上具有突变;优选地,所述突变为取代突变;更优选地,取代后的氨基酸残基为丙氨酸。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有本文所述的基因工程免疫细胞。
本发明还提供了突变型Hsp90蛋白,选自:
(1)与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,缺少了野生型Hsp90蛋白N端结构域和/或C端结构域,或C端结构域中发生了导致其无法介导Hsp90蛋白自身二聚化的Hsp90突变蛋白;和
(2)与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,仅在中间结构域发生了突变,但其与α4整合素的结合与野生型相比未发生改变的突变型Hsp90蛋白;和
(3)与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变的突变型Hsp90蛋白;优选地,所述突变发生在Hsp90蛋白的C端结构域;更优选地,所述突变为C端最后49个氨基酸缺失。
本发明还提供突变型α4整合素,所述突变型α4整合素的胞内段在第968-974位氨基酸残基之外具有一个或多个导致其与Hsp90蛋白之间的相互作用减弱或消失的突变;优选地,在R985、W989和Y991中的至少一个位置上具有突变;优选地,所述突变为取代突变;更优选地,取代后的氨基酸残基为丙氨酸。
本发明还提供本文所述的突变型Hsp90蛋白和突变型α4整合素的编码序列或其互补序列,含有所述编码序列或互补序列的核酸构建体,以及含有所述核酸构建体的宿主细胞。
本发明还提供选自以下的应用:
(1)增强免疫细胞内的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用的试剂在制备免疫治疗用的免疫细胞中的应用;优选地,所述试剂选自:野生型Hsp90蛋白或其仅在中部结构域发生了突变的Hsp90蛋白或具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变的突变型Hsp90蛋白的表达载体或整合载体,和α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体;
(2)Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用增强的免疫细胞在制备治疗病原体感染或肿瘤用的药物中的应用;
(3)降低免疫细胞内的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用的试剂在制备治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病用的免疫细胞中的应用;优选地,所述试剂选自:缺失了其N端结构域和/或C端结构域、或N端结构域和/或C端结构域中发生了突变导致其与α4整合素的结合与野生型相比减弱或消失的Hsp90突变体和/或其打靶载体,其胞内段发生了突变、导致α4整合素与Hsp90的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素和/或其打靶载体,和用于敲除或敲低Hsp90和/或α4整合素表达的ZFN、TALEN和/或CRISPR/Cas9试剂和/或小干扰RNA;和
(4)具有减弱的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用的免疫细胞在制备治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病的药物中的应用。
附图说明
图1:整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白。
图2:流动室系统。
图3:发热范围内的高温胁迫促进了α4整合素介导的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移。T细胞分离自C57BL/6J小鼠的脾脏,培养在含有或者不含有100ng/ml PTX的培养液中,分别于37℃或者40℃提前处理12小时。当检测α4β1介导的在其配体VCAM-1上的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移时,T细胞被提前用α4β7的封闭型抗体DATK32(10μg/ml)处理,用以破坏α4β7-VCAM-1的结合。(A)FACS检测细胞表面α4和β2整合素的表达变化。图表中的数字分别代表平均荧光强度和P值。(B)在1dyn/cm2液体流速下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml),MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或ICAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的黏附作用。细胞提前被α4整合素封闭型抗体PS/2(10μg/ml),α4β7整合素封闭型抗体DATK32(10μg/ml)或者β2整合素封闭型抗体2E6(10μg/ml)处理作为阴性对照。(C)分别在底部小室含有或者不含有CCL21(500ng/ml)条件下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml),MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或ICAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的跨膜迁移能力。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。图B中所示的星号代表所有黏附细胞的差异。
图4:Hsp90蛋白特异性结合α4整合素并促进了其介导的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移。(A)WB检测T细胞经37℃或40℃预处理后全细胞裂解液中α4、β2整合素和各Hsps蛋白的表达变化;Co-IP检测细胞膜组分中各Hsps蛋白与α4或者β2整合素的结合。WCL,全细胞裂解液(whole cell lysate)。(B-D)T细胞中分别过表达对照质粒、Hsp90AA1或者Hsp90AB1。当检测α4β1介导的在其配体VCAM-1上的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移时,T细胞被提前用α4β7的封闭型抗体DATK32(10μg/ml)处理,用以破坏α4β7-VCAM-1的结合。Co-IP检测细胞膜组分中Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1与α4整合素的结合(B);在1dyn/cm2液体流速下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml),MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或ICAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的黏附作用(C);在底部小室含有CCL21(500ng/ml)条件下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml),MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或ICAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的跨膜迁移能力(D)。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。图C中所示的星号代表所有黏附细胞的差异。
图5:Hsp90的N端与C端均可与α4整合素胞内段结合。(A-C)Pull down实验验证Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1与整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白的结合。考马斯亮蓝染色指示整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白的上样量。WTα4、β1和β7胞内段(A);α4胞内段各截断突变及其示意图(B);α4胞内段各点突变(C)。(D)Hsp90蛋白的结构域示意图。Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1均包含三个稳定的结构域,分别是:N端(NTD)、中部(MD)和C端(CTD)。(E)Co-IP实验鉴定Hsp90各个结构域蛋白与α4整合素的结合。(F)GST-pull down实验确认Hsp90的N端和C端与α4胞内段的结合。
图6:构建整合素Itga4R985A/R985A基因敲入小鼠。(A)WT和KI小鼠的测序鉴定结果。DNA测序确认了在KI小鼠中R985位突变为A。(B)Pull-down实验验证Hsp90AA1、Hsp90AB1和paxillin与WT或者突变型α4整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白的结合。考马斯亮蓝染色指示整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白的上样量。(C)FACS检测WT和KI小鼠T细胞表面α4整合素的表达。图中数字代表平均荧光强度。(D)Co-IP实验验证WT和KI小鼠T细胞经37℃或40℃预处理后Hsp90与α4整合素的结合。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线。
图7:破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合抑制了发热诱导的T细胞黏附和迁移。(A)在1dyn/cm2液体流速下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的黏附作用。(B)在底部小室含有CCL21(500ng/ml)条件下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的跨膜迁移能力。(C)活体显微镜检测calcein标记的WT和KI T细胞与WT小鼠腹股沟淋巴结血管树之间的相互作用。图示数据显示瞬时黏附、滚动黏附和稳定黏附的细胞比例。细胞被提前用α4整合素的封闭型抗体PS/2(10μg/ml)处理作为阴性对照。(D)Calcein标记的WT和KI T细胞体内短时归巢到WT小鼠腹股沟淋巴结实验。细胞被提前用α4整合素的封闭型抗体PS/2(10μg/ml)处理作为阴性对照。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。图A中所示的星号代表所有黏附细胞的差异。
图8:Hsp90-α4整合素结合诱导α4整合素活化。(A-B)可溶性VCAM-1/Fc和MAdCMA-1/Fc的配体结合实验。WT和KI T细胞被提前用37℃或40℃预处理(A)或者在T细胞中过表达对照质粒、Hsp90AA1或Hsp90AB1(B),配体结合能力用对应配体的平均荧光强度除以α4整合素的表达水平得到。当检测α4β1与VCAM-1的结合时,T细胞被提前用α4β7的封闭型抗体DATK32(10μg/ml)处理,用以破坏α4β7-VCAM-1的结合。细胞提前被α4整合素封闭型抗体PS/2(10μg/ml)或者α4β7整合素封闭型抗体DATK32(10μg/ml)处理作为阴性对照。(C-D)发热范围内的高温胁迫(C)或者Hsp90蛋白的过表达(D)对α4整合素胞外段构象的影响。FRET效率由α4整合素β-propeller结构域与细胞质膜之间的距离计算所得。(E-F)T细胞被提前用37℃或40℃预处理(E)或者在T细胞中过表达对照质粒、Hsp90AA1或Hsp90AB1(F),Co-IP实验检测talin和kindlin-3与α4整合素的结合。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。
图9:Talin和kindlin-3的敲低抑制了α4整合素的活化。(A-B)Co-IP实验检测talin(A)或者kindlin-3(B)敲低对其与α4整合素结合的影响。(C-D)可溶性VCAM-1/Fc和MAdCMA-1/Fc的配体结合实验。WT T细胞中,talin(C)或者kindlin-3(D)敲低对细胞与α4整合素配体结合的影响。配体结合能力用对应配体的平均荧光强度除以α4整合素的表达水平得到。当检测α4β1与VCAM-1的结合时,T细胞被提前用α4β7的封闭型抗体DATK32(10μg/ml)处理,用以破坏α4β7-VCAM-1的结合。(E-F)talin(E)或者kindlin-3(F)敲低对α4整合素胞外段构象的影响。FRET效率由α4整合素β-propeller结构域与细胞质膜之间的距离计算所得。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;*表达P<0.05,**表达P<0.01,***表达P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。
图10:Hsp90-α4整合素结合诱导了α4整合素在细胞膜表面上的二聚化和聚簇现象。(A)使用BiFC-Split GFP系统研究α4整合素在细胞膜表面二聚化的示意图。(B-C)表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的T细胞被提前用37℃或40℃预处理(B)或者在T细胞中过表达对照质粒、Hsp90AA1或Hsp90AB1(C),相对GFP荧光强度由GFP荧光信号除以α4整合素的表达水平得到。(D)激光共聚焦显微镜观测细胞膜上α4整合素的聚簇现象。图中白色箭头处指示α4整合素发生聚簇。标尺,3μm。(E)WT和各突变型Hsp90的结构示意图。NM:CTD截断突变;MC:NTD截断突变;NC5:C端49个氨基酸被删去用以破坏Hsp90蛋白的自身二聚化。(F)Native-PAGE检测T细胞中瞬转带HA标签的Hsp90蛋白WT、NM或MC,WB鉴定HA标签。(G)表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的T细胞中过表达对照质粒、Hsp90 WT、NM或MC后,相对GFP荧光强度由GFP荧光信号除以α4整合素的表达水平得到。(H)Native-PAGE检测T细胞中瞬转带HA标签的Hsp90蛋白WT或NC5,WB鉴定HA标签。(I)表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的T细胞中过表达对照质粒、Hsp90WT或NC5,相对GFP荧光强度由GFP荧光信号除以α4整合素的表达水平得到。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。
图11:Hsp90-α4整合素结合激活了FAK-RhoA GTPase信号通路。(A)WB验证T细胞被提前用37℃或40℃预处理后,FAK第397位酪氨酸的磷酸化改变。(B)发热范围内的高温胁迫对Rho GTPase活化的影响。T细胞被提前用37℃或40℃预处理后,GTP结合的RhoA、Rac1和Cdc42分别通过GST-pull down实验由重组GST-RBD或者GST-PBD结合所检测。(C)WB验证WT和KI T细胞被提前用37℃或40℃预处理后,FAK第397位酪氨酸的磷酸化和RhoA的活化。(D)WB验证T细胞中分别过表达对照质粒、Hsp90-WT或者Hsp90-NM后,FAK第397位酪氨酸的磷酸化和RhoA的活化。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。
图12:破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合抑制了发热诱导的淋巴细胞体内归巢。WT和KI小鼠在正常温度(核心温度36.8±0.2℃)或者发热范围内的全身高热温度(fever-rangewhole-body hyperthermia,WBH;核心温度39.5±0.5℃)处理6小时(每组7-10只小鼠)。然后,从小鼠脾脏中分离T细胞。(A)Co-IP实验验证细胞膜组分中Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1与α4整合素的结合。(B)在1dyn/cm2液体流速下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的黏附作用。(C)分别在底部小室含有CCL21(500ng/ml)条件下,T细胞分别在VCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)或MAdCAM-1/Fc(5μg/ml)表面的跨膜迁移能力。(D)PLNs、MLNs、PPs、脾脏和PB中所有T细胞计数。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。图B中所示的星号代表所有黏附细胞的差异。
图13:LPS诱导的温和发热不影响小鼠体内T细胞归巢。WT和KI小鼠分别在0点注射LPS(10μg/kg)或者PBS(每组3只小鼠)。(A)每隔一小时检测小鼠的直肠温度。棒状黑线代表进入夜晚。(B)WB检测从小鼠PLNs中分离出来的T细胞中Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1的表达。(C)PLNs、MLNs、PPs、脾脏和PB中所有T细胞计数。(D)不同温度处理对Hsp90蛋白表达的影响。T细胞分离自WT小鼠的PLNs,分别用37℃、38℃、38.5℃、39℃或者40℃处理12小时。WB检测T细胞中Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1的表达。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;ns:没有显著性差异。
图14:破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合损害了病原细菌感染的清除。WT和KI小鼠分别通过口腔灌胃注射PBS或者鼠伤寒沙门式菌SL1344(每只小鼠108CFU,每组4-12只小鼠)。(A)小鼠直肠温度连续监测5天。(B)WT和KI小鼠的生存曲线。(C)感染后第5天,小肠结构的H&E染色。标尺,100μm。(D)感染后第5天,小肠结构的免疫荧光染色。DAPI(蓝色)、表达GFP的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(绿色)、CD3+T细胞(红色)。图像下方展示鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌落和CD3+T细胞的计数结果。标尺,100μm。(E)感染后第5天,PLNs、MLNs、PPs、脾脏和PB中所有T细胞计数。所有数据均为三次以上平行实验取平均值并作误差线;*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。
图15:破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合抑制了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染后单核细胞向引流淋巴结的迁移。WT和KI小鼠分别通过口腔灌胃注射PBS或者鼠伤寒沙门式菌SL1344(每只小鼠108CFU,每组3只小鼠)。感染后第3天,PLNs、MLNs和PPs中所有CD11b+Ly6ChighLy6Glow单核细胞(A)和CD11b+Ly6GhighLy6Clow中性粒细胞(B)计数。*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001,ns:没有显著性差异。
图16:热敏Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴调控免疫细胞定向迁移。
具体实施方式
应理解,在本文范围中,本文的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合,从而构成优选的技术方案。
发热是生物体在进化上非常保守的应对感染或者损伤时的防御机制,可以有效地提高生存率。然而,发热发挥作用的详细机制则不是很清楚。本研究通过大量生化、分子和细胞实验证实:发热范围内的高温胁迫可以通过Hsp90蛋白介导的α4整合素的活化和信号来促进免疫细胞定向迁移。Hsp90蛋白选择性地结合α4整合素,而不结合β2整合素,从而特异性地增强了α4整合素介导的T细胞黏附和跨膜迁移。具体分子机制为:一个Hsp90分子的N端和C端可以同时结合2个α4亚基的胞内段,从而导致α4整合素在细胞膜上的二聚化和聚簇以及随后胞内FAK-RhoA信号通路的活化,最终促进免疫细胞的定向迁移(图16)。考虑到α4整合素在肠道免疫稳态中的关键作用,热敏Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴在炎症、肠道免疫疾病以及其他α4整合素相关的疾病,如多发性硬化症和炎症性肠病中可能发挥重要功能,可通过在免疫细胞中通过高温胁迫或者直接过表达Hsp90蛋白来促进免疫细胞定向迁移,增强免疫反应,清除病原体感染或者杀伤肿瘤细胞;也可以通过抑制Hsp90的表达或者破坏Hsp90-α4整合素的相互作用在慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病中降低免疫反应,或者在败血症、血液肿瘤等疾病中抑制免疫细胞向次级淋巴器官或局部组织部位迁移,从而增加免疫细胞在血液循环中的浓度,促进其对血液感染或者血液肿瘤的清除。
因此,本文提供一种通过调控Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用来调控免疫细胞迁移的方法。本文中,“调控”包括上调和下调,上调包括促进、增加和/或增强,下调包括抑制、降低、减弱、破坏和/或减少。本文中,“免疫细胞”包括本领域周知的动物体,尤其是人体内参与免疫应答或与免疫应答相关的细胞,包括但不限于淋巴细胞、树突状细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、粒细胞和肥大细胞等。本文中,“迁移”指免疫细胞向其目的地如炎症或肿瘤等病灶部位移动,包括但不限于淋巴细胞归巢,即淋巴细胞从血液经过毛细血管高内皮静脉定向迁移至淋巴器官,以及淋巴细胞向炎症部位的渗出等。“定向”指免疫细胞特异性地向次级淋巴器官、炎症部位或肿瘤组织等部位的迁移,用以增强免疫监视、维持免疫稳态或促进免疫反应。本文中,“个体”、“对象”或“患者”指哺乳动物,尤其指人。
本文中,Hsp蛋白指热休克蛋白,是哺乳动物中广泛存在的一类热应激蛋白质。当有机体暴露于高温的时候,就会由热激发合成此种蛋白,来保护有机体自身。按照蛋白的大小,热休克蛋白大致分为六类,分别为Hsp110、Hsp90、Hsp70、Hsp60、Hsp40以及小分子热休克蛋白(如Hsp10)。本文特别涉及Hsp90。Hsp90蛋白包括Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1。鼠源的Hsp90AA1的氨基酸序列可见NP_034610.1(SEQ ID NO:1),其mRNA序列可见NM_010480.5(SEQ ID NO:2);鼠源的Hsp90AB1的氨基酸序列可见NP_032328.2(SEQ ID NO:3),其mRNA序列可见NM_008302.3(SEQ ID NO:4)。人源的Hsp90AA1的氨基酸序列可见NP_005339.3(SEQID NO:5),其mRNA序列可见NM_005348.3(SEQ ID NO:6);人源的Hsp90AB1的氨基酸序列可见NP_001258898.1(SEQ ID NO:7),其mRNA序列可见NM_001271969.1(SEQ ID NO:8);鼠源的Hsp70的氨基酸序列可见NP_034608.2(SEQ ID NO:9),其mRNA序列可见NM_010478.2(SEQID NO:10);鼠源的Hsp60的氨基酸序列可见NP_001343441.1(SEQ ID NO:11),其mRNA序列可见NM_001356512.1(SEQ ID NO:12);鼠源的Hsp40的氨基酸序列可见NP_061278.1(SEQID NO:13),其mRNA序列可见NM_018808.3(SEQ ID NO:14)。应理解的是,本文所述的热休克蛋白,尤其是Hsp90蛋白,包括来自感兴趣的各种动物,尤其是哺乳动物的热休克蛋白。
本文也包括Hsp90蛋白的突变体(也称为突变型Hsp90蛋白或Hsp90突变蛋白)。Hsp90蛋白包括N端结构域、中部结构域和C端结构域。野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域如鼠源SEQ ID NO:1第1-233位氨基酸残基或SEQ ID NO:3第1-228位氨基酸残基所示,或是人源Hsp90蛋白SEQ ID NO:5第1-233位所示的氨基酸残基或SEQ ID NO:7第1-228位所示的氨基酸残基所示;C端结构域如鼠源SEQ ID NO:1第566-733位氨基酸残基或SEQ ID NO:3第557-724位氨基酸残基所示,或是人源Hsp90蛋白SEQ ID NO:5第565-732位所示的氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO:7第557-724位所示的氨基酸残基所示。本文涉及的Hsp90蛋白的突变体包括保留了野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域和C端结构域、仅在中部结构域发生了突变的突变体。中部结构域中发生的突变可以是插入、取代或缺失,该中部结构域甚至可完全被其它氨基酸序列所替代。所发生的突变只要不影响突变型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域和C端结构域与α4整合素的结合即可。此类突变体由于保留了野生型Hsp90的N和C端结构域而保留了与α4整合素相互作用的能力。在某些实施方案中,Hsp90的突变体包括发生了导致无法介导Hsp90蛋白自身二聚化的突变的突变体,该突变可以是缺失突变,尤其是C端结构域中发生的缺失突变,如缺失C端结构域最后的49个氨基酸。在某些实施方案中,Hsp90的突变体包括缺少了N端结构域、C端结构域或同时缺少了N端结构域和C端结构域的突变体。
本文中,α4整合素具有本领域周知的含义(鼠源α4基因登录号GeneID:16401;人源α4基因登录号GeneID:3676),其主要表达在免疫细胞表面,通过与血管内皮细胞表面配体VCAM-1或MAdCAM-1的结合来介导免疫细胞的黏附和迁移进程。
应理解的是,本文中,除非具体提及,否则Hsp90和α4整合素泛指各种来源的Hsp90和α4整合素。
Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间相互作用的调控可通过调控Hsp90蛋白和/或调控α4整合素来实现。
例如,可通过增强Hsp90蛋白的表达或活性来提高Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间相互作用。增强Hsp90蛋白表达的方法包括但不限于高温处理、过表达Hsp90蛋白以及表达其突变体。具体而言,为了上调Hsp90蛋白的表达,可采取熟知的高温胁迫的方法。通常,使细胞处于38.5℃或以上的温度,可上调Hsp90的表达。当然,高温应不使处理的对象,如细胞本身,或含有该细胞的动物体感到强烈不适或死亡。因此,高温胁迫的时间通常为12小时以内。可采用本领域周知的基因工程技术来实现Hsp90蛋白的过表达。例如,可构建表达Hsp90蛋白的载体,将其转入感兴趣的细胞中,获得过表达Hsp90的细胞。该载体可以是表达载体,不整合入细胞的基因组中;或者也可以是整合载体(或插入载体,打靶载体之一),能将表达Hsp90的多核苷酸序列整合到细胞的基因组中,并使其表达。在某些实施方案中,可通过在感兴趣的细胞中表达突变型Hsp90蛋白来增强Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。该类型的突变型Hsp90蛋白保留了野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域和C端结构域,野生型Hsp90蛋白N端结构域和C端结构域之间的中部结构域可由其它氨基酸序列替代,例如,可与野生型Hsp90蛋白的中部结构域的长度相同或相近(如长度相差10个氨基酸残基以内)替代该中部结构域的氨基酸序列。或者,该突变型Hsp90蛋白为本文所述的发生了导致无法介导Hsp90蛋白自身二聚化的突变的Hsp90突变蛋白。同样地,用于表达该突变型Hsp90蛋白的载体可以是表达载体或整合载体。
在某些实施方案中,在增加Hsp90蛋白或其它突变体的表达的同时,还可同时增加α4整合素的表达。同样地,可采用基因工程技术在感兴趣的细胞中过表达α4整合素。用于表达α4整合素的载体可以是表达载体,也可以是整合载体。
下调Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间相互作用的方法包括但不限于下调感兴趣细胞中Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素的表达。可采用本领域周知的方法来下调免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白的表达。例如,可通过基因工程技术来敲除或敲低免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素的表达。这些方法包括但不限于在感兴趣的免疫细胞中转入基因敲除载体,利用该载体将基因组中Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素的编码序列敲除,从而使得该免疫细胞不表达Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素;或者可采用ZFN、TALEN或CRISPR/Cas9等技术敲除免疫细胞中Hsp90和/或α4整合素的表达。在某些实施方案中,可通过干扰RNA(如siRNA)介导的基因沉默来敲低Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素的表达。或者,在某些实施方案中,Hsp90的其它生物学活性可能是必须的,因此,可通过基因敲入载体(置换载体,打靶载体之一)将表达突变的Hsp90蛋白的编码序列整合到感兴趣细胞的基因组中,置换出野生型的Hsp90蛋白的编码序列,从而使得感兴趣的细胞表达突变型Hsp90蛋白,该突变型Hsp90蛋白不与α4整合素结合,或与未突变的Hsp90蛋白相比结合降低(如低50%以上),但保留了Hsp90蛋白的其它生物学活性。示例性的突变型Hsp90蛋白包括但不限于缺少了Hsp90蛋白N端结构域和/或C端结构域的Hsp90蛋白,或N端结构域和/或C端结构域中发生了突变、导致N端结构域和/或C端结构域与α4整合素的结合与野生型相比减弱或消失的突变体。
在某些实施方案中,可通过使α4整合素发生突变来下调Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的结合,从而下调其相互作用。鉴于α4整合素通过其胞内段与Hsp90蛋白结合,因此在α4整合素的胞内段做相应的突变(人源和鼠源α4整合素均为第968-999位氨基酸残基,仅992位氨基酸残基不同,人源α4整合素为异亮氨酸I,而鼠源α4整合素为缬氨酸V)。突变可以是插入、缺失或取代。突变氨基酸数量不限,但需要保留α4整合素胞内段KAGFFKR序列,维持其与β整合素之间的盐桥,避免破坏盐桥而造成整合素的异常活化。示例性的突变包括但不限于R985、W989和Y991中的至少一个位置上的突变。优选地,突变发生在R985位。例如,可缺失第985位的氨基酸残基R,或可用其它氨基酸取代R,尤其是使用与R不属于相同一氨基酸类别的其它氨基酸残基取代。例如,R(精氨酸)为极性带正电荷的氨基酸(碱性氨基酸),此类别的氨基酸还有L(赖氨酸)和H(组氨酸),可用除这两种氨基酸以外的所有其它氨基酸取代R。对于另外两个位置上的氨基酸残基,也可使用其它氨基酸残基进行取代,优选是使用与该残基不属于同一类别的氨基酸残基进行取代。优选的,用于取代的氨基酸残基是丙氨酸(A)。在某些实施方案中,对于鼠源α4整合素,突变为该胞内段“ENRRDSWSY”9个氨基酸或“ENRRDSWSYVNSKSNDD”17个氨基酸残基缺失。当使用其它物种的α4整合素,可在对应于本文所述的鼠源α4整合素的位置上发生上述突变。该突变型α4整合素也包括在本文范围之内。可采用本领域周知的方法在免疫细胞中引入突变的α4整合素,如可通过基因敲入载体将表达突变的α4整合素的编码序列整合到感兴趣细胞的基因组中,置换出野生型的α4整合素的编码序列,从而使得感兴趣的细胞表达突变型α4整合素。
本文中,氨基酸的类别可大致分为:(1)非极性氨基酸(疏水氨基酸),包括丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、亮氨酸(Leu)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、脯氨酸(Pro)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、色氨酸(Trp)和蛋氨酸(Met);(2)极性氨基酸(亲水氨基酸),包括(a)极性不带电荷氨基酸,为甘氨酸(Gly)、丝氨酸(Ser)、苏氨酸(Thr)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、天冬酰胺(Asn)和谷氨酰胺(Gln);(b)极性带正电荷的氨基酸(碱性氨基酸),为赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)和组氨酸(His);和(c)极性带负电荷的氨基酸(酸性氨基酸),为天冬氨酸(Asp)和谷氨酸(Glu)。
Hsp90蛋白的转录水平受转录因子如HSF1等的调控,HSF1可以紧密结合在Hsp90基因的热休克原件(Heat shock element,HSE)上面,从而使Hsp90基因经RNA聚合酶作用而转录。除了HSF1的转录激活作用,Hsp90AB1也受IL-6转录因子NF-IL6(nuclear factor forIL-6)和STAT-3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)的调控。此外,Hsp90AB1还受IFN-γ(interferon-γ)活化的STAT-1转录调控。通过加入相关信号通路的某些激动剂或抑制剂可以促进或抑制这些转录因子的表达,从而实现动态调控Hsp90蛋白的表达。
可通过在免疫细胞中上调Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用来促进免疫细胞定向迁移,增强免疫反应,清除病原体感染或者杀伤肿瘤细胞。因此,本文也提供一种增强免疫反应、清除病原体感染或治疗实体肿瘤的方法,所述方法包括上调对象免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用。可使用野生型Hsp90蛋白、本文所述的其仅在中部结构域发生了突变的Hsp90蛋白、和/或发生了导致无法介导Hsp90蛋白自身二聚化的突变的Hsp90突变蛋白的表达载体和/或整合载体处理免疫细胞,和/或使用α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体处理免疫细胞,和/或使用提高免疫细胞天然携带的Hsp90和/或α4整合素的转录水平的试剂处理免疫细胞,和/或将免疫细胞置于发热范围内的高温下,从而上调或增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
本文中,病原体感染是致病菌或条件致病菌侵入机体局部组织部位或血循环,大量生长繁殖,产生毒素和其他代谢产物所引起的急性局部或全身性感染,包括由大肠杆菌或革兰氏阴性菌、厌氧菌等侵入导致的泌尿生殖道和消化道感染,以及由肺炎球菌引起的呼吸道感染等。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的病原体感染包括但不限于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等引起的感染引起的感染。本文中,肿瘤指哺乳动物中特征通常为细胞生长不受调节的生理疾患。肿瘤可分为良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤,恶性肿瘤又被称为癌症。肿瘤又可分为实体瘤或血液肿瘤。增强对象免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用,可促进免疫细胞向实体瘤部位的迁移,从而最终杀伤肿瘤细胞,抑制肿瘤生长。肿瘤的例子包括但不限于鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌、肺鳞癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌、胃肠癌、胰腺癌、胶质瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、肝肉瘤、乳腺癌、结肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌或子宫癌、唾液腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌和头颈癌等。
或者,可通过在免疫细胞中下调Hsp90蛋白的表达或降低其与α4整合素之间的相互作用,抑制免疫细胞向次级淋巴器官或局部组织部位迁移,从而增加免疫细胞在血液循环中的浓度,促进其对血液感染(如败血症)或者血液肿瘤的清除。血液肿瘤包括淋巴瘤、白血病、骨髓瘤或淋巴样恶性肿瘤,也包括脾的癌症和淋巴结的癌症。血液肿瘤的具体例子包括B细胞相关癌症,包括例如高级、中级和低级淋巴瘤,包括B细胞淋巴瘤,如粘膜相关淋巴样组织B细胞淋巴瘤和非何霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)、套细胞淋巴瘤、伯基特氏淋巴瘤、小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、边缘区淋巴瘤、弥漫性大细胞淋巴瘤、滤泡性淋巴瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤及T细胞淋巴瘤);和白血病,包括继发性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)如B细胞白血病(CD5+B淋巴细胞)、髓细胞性白血病诸如急性髓细胞样白血病、慢性髓细胞样白血病、淋巴样白血病诸如急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)和脊髓发育不良;和其它血液学和/或B细胞或T细胞相关癌症。血液肿瘤还包括其它造血细胞的癌症,所述造血细胞包括多形核白细胞,诸如嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞、树突状细胞、血小板、红细胞和天然杀伤细胞。
另一方面,下调Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用可以用来降低免疫反应。比如在慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病中,可通过下调Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用(如抑制Hsp90的表达或者破坏Hsp90-α4整合素的相互作用)来降低免疫反应后,减缓慢性炎症的发展或减弱自体免疫识别的程度,维持免疫稳态。慢性炎症包括炎症性肠病(Inflammatory Bowel Disease,IBD),主要包括克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease)和溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis)、风湿性关节炎(Rheumatic arthritis)、类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis)、非特异性慢性炎症和肉芽肿性炎症等。自体免疫疾病可包括但不限于系统性红斑性狼疮(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)、哮喘(asthma)、银屑病(Psoriasis)、多发性硬化症(Multiple sclerosis)、乳糜泻、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、修格连氏综合症或干燥综合症、桥本氏甲状腺炎、葛瑞夫兹氏病、自发性血小板缺乏紫斑症和再生不良性贫血等。
可在免疫细胞中转入基因敲除载体,以敲除所述免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白表达和/或α4整合素表达,和/或采用基因编辑技术如ZFN、TALEN或CRISPR/Cas9等敲除对象免疫细胞Hsp90和/或α4整合素的表达,和/或通过干扰RNA介导的基因沉默敲低Hsp90蛋白和/或α4整合素的表达,和/或在免疫细胞中转入基因插入载体、以在敲除野生型Hsp90和/或α4整合素的编码序列的同时将与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失,或缺失N端和/或C端结构域的Hsp90突变蛋白的表达框和/或与Hsp90蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白的表达框整合到免疫细胞的基因组中,从而减弱或破坏免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。适用于本发明的ZFN、TALEN和CRISPR/Cas9技术为本领域所周知。各技术各自通过DNA识别域与核酸内切酶的共同作用实现靶基因的敲除。
本文中所述的调控方法可以是体外方法,也可以是体内方法。例如,在某些实施方案中,本文提供一种制备增强免疫细胞定向迁移能力的方法,所述方法包括体外对免疫细胞实施以下一项或多项处理,以使该免疫细胞具有与其对应的野生型细胞(即从对象直接分离得到的免疫细胞)相比增强的Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用:(1)使用野生型Hsp90蛋白、其仅在中部结构域发生了突变的Hsp90突变蛋白、和/或发生了导致无法介导Hsp90蛋白自身二聚化的突变的Hsp90突变蛋白的表达载体和/或整合载体处理(如转染)免疫细胞;(2)使用α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体处理(如转染)免疫细胞;(3)使用提高免疫细胞天然携带的Hsp90和/或α4整合素的转录水平的试剂处理(如转染或与免疫细胞共孵育)免疫细胞;(4)发热范围内高温处理免疫细胞(即将免疫细胞置于高温条件下)。所述的各种表达载体、整合载体、试剂可以是本文任一实施方案所述的试剂。所述定向迁移能力增强指与未经本文所述方法处理的免疫细胞相比,经本文所述方法处理的免疫细胞的定向迁移能力提高,例如提高至少10%,至少20%,至少30%,至少50%,或至少100%。可采用本领域周知的测试免疫细胞定向迁移能力的方法来评价本申请免疫细胞的定向迁移能力。例如,可采用本文下文第1.2.6节描述的方法进行评价。具体而言,可采用趋化因子诱导的细胞迁移实验(Chemokine induced transwell migration)。通过对迁移到孔下层的细胞进行计数,从而相对定量细胞的跨膜迁移能力。迁移的细胞数量越多,表明定向迁移能力越强。因此,例如,在某些实施方案中,经本文所述方法处理的免疫细胞的跨膜迁移数量为未经本文所述方法处理的免疫细胞的至少1.1倍、至少1.2倍、至少1.3倍、至少1.5倍或至少2倍。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供一种下调免疫细胞定向迁移能力的方法,所述方法包括体外使用以下一种或多种试剂处理免疫细胞,以使该免疫细胞具有与其对应的野生型细胞相比减弱的Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用:(1)敲除或敲低免疫细胞中Hsp90蛋白表达的试剂;(2)敲除或敲低免疫细胞中α4整合素表达的试剂;(3)使免疫细胞表达与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白的试剂;(4)使免疫细胞表达与Hsp90蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白的试剂。可使用前文所述的表达载体、整合载体或ZFN、TALEN或CRISPR/Cas9等作为所述试剂来实现所述敲除、敲低或表达突变的Hsp90蛋白和α4整合素。在某些实施方案中,所述Hsp90突变蛋白为缺失N端和/或C端结构域的Hsp90突变蛋白,或在N端和/或C端发生了导致免疫细胞中Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用减弱或消失的突变的Hsp90突变蛋白。
所述定向迁移能力减弱指与未经本文所述方法处理的免疫细胞相比,经本文所述方法处理的免疫细胞的定向迁移能力下降,例如下降至少10%,至少20%,至少30%或至少50%。如前所述,可采用本领域周知的测试免疫细胞定向迁移能力的方法来评价本申请免疫细胞的定向迁移能力。例如,可采用本文下文第1.2.6节描述的方法进行评价。
本文还提供一种免疫细胞,如T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞、单核细胞和树突状细胞等,与其对应的野生型细胞相比,所述免疫细胞具有增加或下降的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。在某些实施方案中,所述免疫细胞是基因工程细胞,该细胞:(1)与野生型细胞相比,过表达Hsp90蛋白或Hsp90突变蛋白,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述Hsp90突变蛋白仅在中部结构域具有突变,或所述Hsp90突变蛋白具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变;和/或(2)含有α4整合素的表达载体;和/或(3)含有或表达免疫细胞天然携带的Hsp90的转录激活剂。在某些实施方案中,所述免疫细胞是基因工程细胞,该细胞:(1)与野生型细胞相比,不表达Hsp90或Hsp90的表达量降低,或表达的Hsp90的活性降低,或表达突变的Hsp90蛋白;和/或(2)与野生型细胞相比,α4整合素的表达量降低,或表达突变的α4整合素,使得该免疫细胞中Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用减弱或消失。本文所述的免疫细胞为活细胞。在某些实施方案中,所述免疫细胞为采用本文任一实施方案所述的调控免疫细胞的定向迁移能力的方法制备得到。
在某些实施方案中,本文还提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物含有本文所述的活免疫细胞(促进了Hsp90与α4整合素表达之间的相互作用)和任选的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。本文中,药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稳定剂在所采用的剂量和浓度对所述免疫细胞以及免疫细胞的接受者是无毒的,可包括本领域周知的免疫细胞治疗中常用于递送活的免疫细胞的各种类型的载体或赋形剂。药物组合物中免疫细胞以治疗有效量存在。可根据不同的免疫细胞种类、接受该免疫细胞的患者的年龄、性别、所患疾病的严重程度等确定本文所述免疫细胞的治疗有效量。可通过常规的给药方式给予本文所述的免疫细胞,例如,可采用常规的免疫细胞疗法来实现免疫细胞的回输。
本文所述的免疫细胞及其药物组合物可用来治疗受益于该免疫细胞天然所具有的生物学功能的各类疾病或症状。例如,如本文所述的免疫细胞是T细胞,其中,基因工程细胞毒性T细胞或其药物组合物可用于治疗受益于细胞毒性T细胞天然具备的生物学功能(如消灭受感染的细胞)的各类疾病或症状(即由细胞受感染引起的各类疾病或症状)。更具体而言,在某些实施方案中,本文杀伤的该类免疫细胞及其药物组合物尤其可用于治疗本文所述的病原体感染和肿瘤。
因此,在某些实施方案中,本文还提供一种免疫细胞疗法,尤其是肿瘤免疫疗法,所述免疫疗法包括获得待治疗对象的免疫细胞;体外处理所述免疫细胞,增强Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用,使其与对应的野生型细胞相比具有增强迁移能力的活免疫细胞;以及回输所述免疫细胞。在某些实施方案中,本文所述的免疫细胞疗法包括使需要的对象细胞实施高温胁迫,其中,所述高温为38.5℃或以上,通常不超过40℃。高温胁迫的时间可根据不同对象、不同疾病确定。而且,如果温度较高,通常胁迫时间较短;反之可胁迫时间可以相对较长。在另外一些实施方案中,可以将肿瘤病人在医学监控下通过不同手段诱发机体发热,一定时间后观测发热处理对肿瘤发展的抑制作用。尽管感染所造成的机体发热可以造成肿瘤病人疾病的并发缓解已经被科学家熟知很长一段时间,但其系统机制还不清楚。本文提供了一种可能的机制,即发热通过促进Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴来促进免疫细胞清除实体肿瘤细胞,在医学指导下的发热处理将有可能成为一类新的治疗肿瘤病人的免疫疗法。可能引起机体发热的诱导物包含各种病原体、病原微生物的代谢产物或其毒素或者能够引发机体发热的细胞因子等。其中,病原体包括但不限于细菌、病毒、真菌、支原体、衣原体、立克次体、螺旋体、疟原虫等;细胞因子包含白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α和前列腺素E2等。
在某些实施方案中,本文还提供一种治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病的方法,所述方法包括降低对象免疫细胞中Hsp90与α4整合素表达之间的相互作用的步骤。在某些实施方案中,所述免疫细胞:(1)与野生型细胞相比,Hsp90和/或α4整合素的表达被敲除或敲低;和/或(2)含有Hsp90和/或α4整合素突变的表达载体,该突变可以抑制内源Hsp90与α4整合素的结合。可通过常规的方式实现所述治疗,例如,可采用常规的免疫细胞疗法对来自对象的免疫细胞实施基因工程处理,使其具有降低的Hsp90与α4整合素表达之间的相互作用,之后将所述基因工程改造的免疫细胞回输给个体或对象;或者也可以通过直接给予携带小干扰RNA(siRNA)的靶向药物或者基因编辑技术所需的试剂,如向导RNA(sgRNA)和相关的核酸内切酶(如Cas9蛋白复合物),从而降低对象免疫细胞目的蛋白的表达。
本发明还包括本文所述的各种突变体的编码序列及其互补序列,以及含有所述编码序列或互补序列的核酸构建体。本文中,核酸构建体是可以被引入靶细胞或组织中的人工构建的核酸区段。该核酸构建体含有本文所述的编码序列或其互补序列,以及与这些序列操作性连接的一个或多个调控序列。调控序列可以是合适的启动子序列。启动子序列通常与待表达氨基酸序列的编码序列操作性连接。启动子可以是在所选择的宿主细胞中显示转录活性的任何核苷酸序列,包括突变的、截短的和杂合启动子,并且可以从编码与该宿主细胞同源或异源的胞外或胞内多肽的基因获得。调控序列也可以是合适的转录终止子序列,由宿主细胞识别以终止转录的序列。终止子序列与编码该多肽的核苷酸序列的3’末端相连,在选择的宿主细胞中有功能的任何终止子都可用于本文。
在某些实施方案中,所述核酸构建体是载体。具体而言,可将本文所述的编码序列克隆入许多类型的载体,这些类型的载体包括但不限于质粒、噬菌粒、噬菌体衍生物、动物病毒和粘粒。载体可以是表达载体,或者是克隆载体。
通常,合适的载体包含在至少一种有机体中起作用的复制起点、启动子序列、方便的限制酶位点和一个或多个可选择的标记。这些启动子的代表性例子有:大肠杆菌的lac或trp启动子;λ噬菌体PL启动子;真核启动子包括CMV立即早期启动子、HSV胸苷激酶启动子、早期和晚期SV40启动子、毕赤酵母的甲醇氧化酶启动子和其它一些已知的可控制基因在原核或真核细胞或其病毒中表达的启动子。标记基因可用于提供用于选择转化的宿主细胞的表型性状,包括但不限于真核细胞培养用的二氢叶酸还原酶、新霉素抗性以及绿色荧光蛋白(GFP),或用于大肠杆菌的四环素或氨苄青霉素抗性。当本文所述的多核苷酸在高等真核细胞中表达时,如果在载体中插入增强子序列,则将会使转录得到增强。增强子是DNA的顺式作用因子,通常大约有10到300个碱基对,作用于启动子以增强基因的转录。
本领域一般技术人员清楚如何选择适当的载体、启动子、增强子和宿主细胞。可采用本领域技术人员熟知的方法构建含本文所述的多核苷酸序列和合适的转录/翻译控制信号的表达载体。这些方法包括体外重组DNA技术、DNA合成技术、体内重组技术等。
本文还包括包含本文所述多核苷酸序列或其核酸构建体的宿主细胞。宿主细胞可以是原核细胞,如细菌细胞;或是低等真核细胞,如酵母细胞;丝状真菌细胞、或是高等真核细胞,如哺乳动物细胞。代表性例子有:大肠杆菌,链霉菌属;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的细菌细胞;真菌细胞如酵母、丝状真菌、植物细胞;果蝇S2或Sf9的昆虫细胞;CHO、COS、293细胞、或Bowes黑素瘤细胞的动物细胞等。
可采用常规的方法将本文的载体导入宿主细胞中,这些方法包括显微注射法、基因枪法、电穿孔法、病毒介导的转化法、电子轰击法、磷酸钙沉淀法等。
进一步地,本文还包括本文涉及的各种产品的应用,包括制药应用。具体而言,本文包括:(1)增强免疫细胞内的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用的试剂在制备免疫治疗用的免疫细胞中的应用;优选地,所述试剂选自:野生型Hsp90蛋白或其仅在中部结构域发生了突变的Hsp90蛋白或具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变的突变型Hsp90蛋白的表达载体或整合载体,和α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体;(2)Hsp90蛋白与α4整合素之间的相互作用增强的免疫细胞在制备治疗病原体感染或肿瘤用的药物中的应用;(3)降低免疫细胞内的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用的试剂在制备治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病用的免疫细胞中的应用;优选地,所述试剂选自:缺失了其N端结构域和/或C端结构域、或N端结构域和/或C端结构域中发生了突变导致其与α4整合素的结合与野生型相比减弱或消失的Hsp90突变体和/或其打靶载体,其胞内段发生了突变、导致α4整合素与Hsp90的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素和/或其打靶载体,和用于敲除或敲低Hsp90和/或α4整合素表达的ZFN、TALEN和/或CRISPR/Cas9试剂和/或小干扰RNA;和(4)具有减弱的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用的免疫细胞在制备治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病的药物中的应用。适用于本发明的ZFN、TALEN和/或CRISPR/Cas9试剂为本领域所周知,包括但不限于DNA识别域(如sgRNA)和核酸内切酶等。
在某些实施方案中,本文还包括:用于免疫细胞治疗的Hsp90或其突变体,该突变体与野生型Hsp90相比仅在中部结构域具有突变,或该突变体具有导致无法介导其自身二聚化的突变;用于免疫细胞治疗的α4整合素;用于治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病的缺失了其N端结构域和/或C端结构域、或N端结构域和/或C端结构域中发生了突变导致其与α4整合素的结合与野生型相比减弱或消失的Hsp90突变体;用于治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病的本文所述的在其胞内段发生了突变的α4整合素;用于治疗败血症、血液肿瘤、慢性炎症或者自体免疫疾病的本文所述的免疫细胞;以及用于治疗病原体感染或肿瘤的本文所述的免疫细胞。
下文将以具体实施例的方式阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅仅是阐述性的,并非意图限制本发明。实施例中所用到的材料和方法,除非另有说明,否则为本领域常规的材料和方法。
一、实验材料和方法
1.1实验材料
1.1.1常用缓冲液配方
TBS:20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.4),150mM NaCl,1mM CaCl2,1mM MgCl2;
细胞裂解缓冲液:TBS,1%Triton X-100,0.05%Tween 20,Complete ProteaseInhibitor Cocktail Tablets,PhosSTOP Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets;
免疫沉淀缓冲液(IP缓冲液):TBS,1%Triton X-100,0.05%Tween 20;
2×SDS蛋白质加样缓冲液:100mM Tris-HCl(pH6.8),4%SDS,0.2%溴酚蓝,20%甘油,10%β-Me;
Tris-甘氨酸蛋白质电泳缓冲液:25mM Tris,250mM甘氨酸,0.1%SDS;
蛋白质转膜缓冲液:3g Tris,14.4g甘氨酸,200ml甲醇,Milli-Q H2O定容至1L;
TBST缓冲液:8.8g NaCl,6g Tris,0.5ml Tween-20,pH 7.5,Milli-Q H2O定容至1L;
PBS:8g NaCl,0.2g KCl,3.63g Na2HPO4·3H2O,0.24g KH2PO4,Milli-Q H2O定容至1L,pH 7.4,过滤除菌;
HBS:20mM HEPES,150mM NaCl,定容至1L,pH 7.4,过滤除菌;
2×HBS:8.0g NaCl,0.37g KCl,201mg Na2HPO4.7H2O,1.0g葡萄糖,5.0g Hepes,Milli-Q H2O定容至500ml,pH 7.05,过滤除菌,4℃存储;
LB培养液:10g蛋白胨,10g NaCl,5g酵母提取物;
流动室实验所用缓冲液:
Ca2+&Mg2+-free HBSS:137mM NaCl,5.4mM KCl,0.4mM KH2PO4,0.3mM Na2HPO4,4.2mM NaHCO3,5.6mM葡萄糖,pH 7.4;
包被缓冲液:PBS,10mM NaHCO3,pH9.0;
封闭缓冲液:2%BSA in HBSS;
清洗缓冲液:0.2g BSA,40ml HBSS,400μl EDTA(0.5M,pH 8.0);
Buffer A:0.225g BSA,45ml HBSS;
整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白(His-Tag)纯化所用缓冲液:
充电缓冲液(Charge Buffer):50mM NiCl2;
裂解缓冲液:20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.9),0.5M NaCl,5mM咪唑,1%Triton X-100,1μg/ml抑肽酶;
结合缓冲液(8M脲):20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.9),0.5M NaCl,5mM咪唑,0.2%TritonX-100,8M脲;
洗涤缓冲液(8M脲):20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.9),0.5M NaCl,60mM咪唑,0.2%TritonX-100,8M脲;
洗脱缓冲液(8M脲):20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.9),0.5M NaCl,1M咪唑,0.2%TritonX-100,8M脲;
XT缓冲液:50mM NaCl,10mM Pipes,150mM蔗糖,50mM NaF,40mM Na4P2O7.10H2O,25mM咪唑,1mM Na3VO4,0.5%Triton X-100,pH 6.8;
GST-Tag融合蛋白纯化所用缓冲液:
裂解缓冲液:PBS,1%Triton X-100;
洗脱缓冲液:20mM还原谷胱甘肽,50mM Tris-HCl,pH 8.0;
抗体或Fc-Tag融合蛋白纯化所用缓冲液:
结合缓冲液:0.1M Tris-HCl,pH 8.0;
洗脱缓冲液:0.1M甘氨酸,pH 3.0;
中和缓冲液:1M Tris-HCl,pH 8.0。
1.1.2基本化学试剂
DMEM培养基、RPMI 1640培养基、青霉素和链霉素、L-谷氨酰胺、TEMED等购自Invitrogen;胎牛血清购自Gibco;十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、HEPES、DMSO、抑肽酶、亮抑肽酶、多聚甲醛(PFA)等购自Sigma;蛋白胨和酵母提取物购自OXOID LTD;
其余试剂为常规试剂,可购自例如生化所西巴斯公司、绿鸟科技发展有限公司、Cal Biochem、上海中科院生龙达公司、上海振兴化工一厂和上海试剂一厂等。
1.1.3抗体
W-蛋白质免疫印迹;IP-免疫共沉淀;IF-免疫荧光;F-流速细胞术。
1.1.4酶类
1.1.5试剂盒及其他
1.1.6主要仪器
1.2实验方法
1.2.1质粒构建
I、整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白载体的构建
研究整合素的胞内调控蛋白,最直接有效的方法为纯化出全长有功能的整合素。但整合素具有庞大的胞外结构域及复杂的高级结构,直接纯化出结构和功能正常的整合素存在相当大的困难。为解决这一问题,科学家构建出一种可以很好的模拟生理条件下整合素胞内结构域的模型蛋白(tail model protein)。根据之前的报道,整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白从N端到C端,依次为:1)多聚组氨酸标签(His-Tag),以便与Ni2+-NTA珠子进行偶联,进行后续的表达纯化和Pull down实验;2)TEV酶切位点便于将标签切除;3)一对半胱氨酸残基用于将表达的多肽链连接为二聚体形式;4)四个连续的七价氨基酸多肽序列构成一段螺旋盘绕的线圈序列(helical coiled coil),这段coiled-coil作为一种拓扑结构固定两条整合素胞内结构域的模型蛋白以平行的方式排列用来模拟整合素跨膜结构并介导整合素在水性溶液中的二聚化;5)多聚甘氨酸连接序列(甘氨酸接头);6)整合素α4,β1,β7等胞内结构域的cDNA序列(图1)。最终将整合素胞内结构域的模型蛋白DNA序列克隆到原核表达载体pETDuet-1(Novagen)当中。
II、整合素真核表达载体的构建
整合素α4亚基的全长通过PCR扩增至pCDH-puro载体(System Biosciences)当中,R985A突变以及shRNA耐受的同义点突变分别用Quick change的方法获得。整合素α4亚基全长的C端分别融合表达Split GFP(GFP 1-10和GFP S11),中间用一段较长的接头序列连接,分别装载到pCDH-puro载体当中。
III、热休克蛋白真核表达载体的构建
首先,以小鼠T细胞的cDNA为模板,分别PCR扩增Hsp90AA1、Hsp90AB1、Hsp70、Hsp60和Hsp40的mRNA序列(Hsp90AA1的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示;Hsp90AB1的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示,mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示;Hsp70的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:9所示,mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:10所示;Hsp60的氨基酸序列如SEQID NO:11所示,mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:12所示;Hsp40的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:13所示,mRNA序列如SEQ ID NO:14所示),装载到pCDH-puro-mRuby2或者pHAGE-IRES-mcherry(中科院上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所陈剑峰课题组)载体当中,分别融合表达mRuby2或mcherry红色荧光蛋白用来指示转染效率。其中,Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1各自的ATPase失活突变Hsp90AA1-D93N、Hsp90AB1-D88N通过Quick change的方法获得。
Hsp90的两个亚型各自的三段结构域分别为:
1)Hsp90AA1-N端结构域,M1-D233;中部结构域,E234-K565;C端结构域,K566-D733;
2)Hsp90AB1-N端结构域,M1-D228;中部结构域,E229-S556;C端结构域,K557-D724。
Hsp90各截断或缺失突变:Hsp90-NM(缺失C端结构域)、Hsp90-MC(缺失N端结构域)和Hsp90-NC5(缺失C端结构域最后的49个氨基酸)分别通过PCR扩增到pCDNA3.1-(+)-HA-Tag当中,其中HA标签用来做蛋白质免疫印迹实验。
IV、热休克蛋白原核表达载体的构建
Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1的N端和C端结构域分别通过PCR扩增出来,装载到pGEX-6P-1载体(GE Healthcare)当中,目的蛋白融合表达谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase)标签用于原核表达纯化。
V、Rho GTPases效应蛋白原核表达载体的构建
Rac1和Cdc42的效应蛋白为PAK(p21激活激酶),而RhoA的效应蛋白为Rhotekin。分别从人源cDNA中扩增PAK-PBD(PAK结合结构域)的67-150位氨基酸序列;从鼠源cDNA中扩增Rhotekin-RBD(Rho结合结构域)的7-89位氨基酸序列,通过一段接头序列融合表达GST标签用于原核表达纯化及后续的GST-Pull down实验。
VI、质粒和PCR产物的酶切电泳分离回收
在10-20μl反应体系中加入相应的酶切反应缓冲液、载体DNA或PCR产物、限制性内切酶,混合物于37℃作用2-4h,加DNA加样缓冲液,进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离。鉴定出正确的PCR条带后用天根胶回收试剂盒对PCR产物进行回收,最终溶于30μl去离子水中。
VII、插入片段与载体的连接
在10μl反应体系中加入连接缓冲液、T4连接酶、回收所得插入片段以及适量的载体,16℃反应过夜。
VIII、质粒转化E.coli DH5α感受态细胞
(1)将从-80℃冰箱中取出的100μl感受态细胞置冰上至其融化;
(2)加入制备好的转化产物;
(3)轻柔混匀,置冰上30min;
(4)42℃热激45s;
(5)冰上放置2min;
(6)加入900μl液体LB培养基;
(7)轻柔混匀,置37℃水浴30min。
待复苏完成后,将EP管置于离心机中,5000rpm离心5min,使菌体在管底富集。在超净台中,吸出多余的上清液,留取约100μl左右,轻轻吹打菌体,使之悬浮。将悬浮液全部吸出,涂在LB(Amp+)平板上。玻璃珠涂匀菌液后,弃去玻璃珠。将平板倒置于37℃生化培养箱中,过夜培养12h。
VIIII、质粒DNA的小量制备
转移约5ml过夜生长的菌于1.5ml EP管,10000rpm离心1min,去上清,利用残留壁上的少量溶液在振荡器上混悬细菌。加入200μl Sol I振荡混匀,再加入200μl Sol II,轻轻倒置两下后加入200μl Sol III,倒置混匀后12000rpm离心5min。将上清转移至一新管中,并加入300μl异丙醇,混匀室温15min,12000rpm离心15min。弃上清,沉淀用70%乙醇洗涤,晾干后溶于50μl Milli-Q H2O。
1.2.2细胞培养与转染
HEK(人胚肾)293T细胞使用加入10%胎牛血清(Gibco)、50U/ml盘尼西林和50μg/ml链霉素的DMEM培养。培养箱保持在37℃,二氧化碳浓度5%。
I、细胞复苏和培养(293T细胞)
(1)将293T细胞从液氮罐中取出,37℃水浴融化;
(2)取4ml新鲜DMEM培养液于15ml无菌管中,取1ml培养液缓慢加入细胞冻存管中,轻轻吹打混匀,转入15ml无菌管中,1200rmp离心3min。弃上清;
(3)用1ml新鲜DMEM培养液,轻轻重悬细胞,移至10cm细胞培养皿中,补加细胞培养液至10ml;
(4)置于37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度的培养箱中培养。
II、细胞传代(293T细胞)
(1)细胞长满培养皿后,弃掉旧培养液;
(2)加入3ml 1×PBS,轻轻冲洗一遍以除去残留培养液,之后弃掉1×PBS;
(3)加入1ml胰酶,静置10s,用手轻轻拍打,使细胞从培养皿上解离下来;
(4)加入3ml DMEM完全培养液,终止消化,并吹打成单克隆;
(5)将细胞转入15ml离心管中,1200rmp离心3min;
(6)弃去上清,取10ml培养液吹打混匀。若1:10传代,取1ml加到含有9ml培养液的培养皿中;若1:3传代,则取3ml加入;
(7)置于37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度的培养箱中培养。
III、磷酸钙法瞬时转染293T细胞
(1)转染前一天分细胞,使细胞在转染前达到60-70%的密度;
(2)转染前1h,换成含有25μM氯喹的培养液;
(3)在15ml的离心管中,加入10μg DNA,用MilliQ-H2O定容到1095μL,再加入155μL2M CaCl2。然后,逐滴加入1250μL的2×HBS,边加边轻柔混匀。再将该混合物直接逐滴加入细胞中。注意加入2×HBS后,要在1-2min内完成。并要确保将液滴均匀地洒在整个平皿表面;
(4)培养7-11h,将会看到非常细小、灰尘状的颗粒。之后,漂洗一次,换成不含氯喹的培养基;
(5)转染48-72h后收集细胞,进行后续实验。
IV、慢病毒侵染T细胞
磷酸钙转染法转染293T细胞进行慢病毒包装,转染质粒的比例为(以10cm dish为例):pCDH载体20μg、psPAX2 15μg以及pMD2.G 6μg。转染72h后,用10ml注射器收集含慢病毒上清液的培养液,0.45μm的过滤器过滤上清,超速离心浓缩后感染目的细胞。超速离心条件为20000rpm,2h,4℃。离心后去沉淀用100-200μl无血清培养液重新溶解。侵染时,分别用细胞培养液:慢病毒培养液比例为1:1重悬细胞,同时加入终浓度为8μg/ml的聚凝胺(polybrene)到细胞上清中,充分混匀,37℃培养,24h后更换新鲜病毒培养液液,继续感染。72h后流式细胞术检测。
1.2.3蛋白表达纯化
I、整合素胞内结构域蛋白的表达纯化
(1)转化质粒pET-Duet-integrin tail model protein到E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS菌株当中,37℃过夜;
(2)分别准备5ml LB培养液到2个灭菌好的试管当中,挑单克隆,37℃,12h;
(3)转接到1L LB当中,加入终浓度为100μg/ml的氨卞青霉素,37℃培养至OD600≈0.4左右;
(4)加入终浓度为1mM的IPTG,37℃,3h;
(5)1L菌液转移至500ml大离心杯中,5000rpm,5min收菌;
(6)根据菌体湿重,每克加入10ml裂解缓冲液转移至50ml离心管中,加入1mg/ml溶菌酶,37℃,15min;
(7)超声破菌:10s超声,静置50s,49个循环,共重复2次,每次超声前补加1mMPMSF;
(8)转移至50ml圆底离心管当中,20000g,4℃,20min;
(9)沉淀加入12ml结合缓冲液(8M脲)充分混匀,30000g,4℃,20min;
(10)在柱子当中处理Ni-NTA珠子:Milli-Q H2O洗5个柱体积;6M Gu-HCl洗5个柱体积;Milli-Q H2O洗5个柱体积;100mM EDTA洗5个柱体积;Milli-Q H2O洗5个柱体积;充电缓冲液洗5个柱体积;结合缓冲液(8M脲)平衡5个柱体积;
(11)离心得到的上清加到柱子当中,与Ni-NTA珠子4℃旋转孵育2h;
(12)不结合Ni-NTA珠子的上清液穿出(Flow through);
(13)结合缓冲液(8M脲)清洗1个柱体积;
(14)洗涤缓冲液(8M脲)清洗3个柱体积;
(15)洗脱缓冲液(8M脲)分管洗脱,每管1ml;
(16)SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白纯度,胶浓度为15%;
(17)取1mg整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白分别加入到500μl处理好的Ni-NTA珠子当中,室温旋转孵育1h;
(18)2800rpm,3min去除上清,分别用1ml结合缓冲液(8M脲)、结合缓冲液(4M脲)、结合缓冲液(2M脲)、结合缓冲液(0M脲)清洗Ni-NTA珠子,逐步去除尿素,分别室温旋转孵育1h;
(19)2800rpm,3min去除上清,用1ml XT缓冲液清洗Ni-NTA珠子;
(20)用500μl XT缓冲液重悬Ni-NTA珠子,4℃保存。
II、GST标签融合蛋白的表达纯化
(1)转化质粒pGEX-6P-1-目的蛋白到E.coli Rosetta-gami(DE3)pLysS菌株当中,37℃过夜;
(2)分别准备5ml LB培养液到2个灭菌好的试管当中,挑单克隆,37℃,12h;
(3)转接到1L LB当中,加入终浓度为100μg/ml的氨卞青霉素,37℃培养至OD600≈0.4左右;
(4)加入终浓度为0.1mM的IPTG,16℃低温诱导24h;
(5)1L菌液转移至500ml大离心杯中,5000rpm,5min收菌;
(6)根据菌体湿重,每克加入10ml裂解缓冲液转移至50ml离心管中,加入1mg/ml溶菌酶,37℃,15min;
(7)超声破菌:3s超声,静置7s,99个循环,共重复3次,每次超声前补加1mM PMSF;
(8)转移至50ml圆底离心管当中,20000g,4℃,20min;
(9)平衡GST珠子:在15ml离心管中,取2ml GST珠子(50:50储存于20%乙醇)用5mlPBS清洗,1200rpm,5min,洗三次去除储存液当中的乙醇;
(10)取上清加入到平衡好的GST珠子当中,加入终浓度为5mM的DTT,4℃旋转孵育2h;
(11)750g,3min,去除上清;
(12)分别用PBS、PBS+0.5%Triton-X100、PBS+0.5%Triton-X100和PBS各清洗1次,每次5ml;最后一次用10ml PBS转移GST珠子到层析柱当中,舍弃穿出液;
(13)分别用10ml洗脱缓冲液洗脱柱子,每只Eppendorf管1ml;
(14)SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白纯度,胶浓度为7-10%。
(15)检测结果如果蛋白纯度不好,用分子筛系统纯化:用超声除气好的PBS预平衡Superdex 200(10/300GL)的柱子(GE healthcare),将浓缩至0.5ml的样品上样,分别收集各个主峰,SDS-PAGE鉴定蛋白纯度,最后-80℃分装冻存。
III、抗体或Fc-Tag蛋白的表达纯化
(1)收集杂交瘤细胞或者293T转染表达Fc-Tag蛋白质粒的培养液,2400rpm,3min,去除细胞碎片等杂质;
(2)等体积加入结合缓冲液稀释培养液,稀释时,边加结合缓冲液边搅拌,pH 8.0;
(3)4℃,15000rpm离心30min;
(4)取上清上Protein A或Protein G柱子,4℃过夜;
(5)结合缓冲液洗柱子15个柱体积;
(6)洗脱缓冲液洗脱10个柱体积,收集管中预先按1:10加入中和缓冲液;
(7)收集洗脱液,用浓缩管离心浓缩,同时换缓冲液为HBS,-80℃冻存。
1.2.4流式细胞术(FACS)检测整合素的表达情况
(1)取5×105个细胞于1.5ml Ep管中,3000rpm,4℃离心3min,用PBS洗一遍;
(2)a.细胞沉淀直接溶于300μl PBS中,置于4℃(Mock);
b.细胞沉淀溶于50μl PBS中,加5μg/ml抗体,轻轻混匀,置于4℃,静止30min。加1ml PBS,混匀,4℃3000rmp离心3min,弃上清,重复一次,将细胞悬浮在300μl PBS中;
(3)将细胞悬浮液转移到细胞收集管中,利用流式细胞仪Calibur或者LSRII(BD)进行分析。
1.2.5流动室系统检测整合素与其配体介导的细胞黏附能力
I、细胞处理
(1)取T细胞于15ml离心管中,1200rpm,3min;
(2)用5ml的洗涤缓冲液(HBSS,5mM EDTA,2%BSA,pH 8.0),1200rpm,3min,洗两次;
(3)5ml的缓冲液A(HBSS,2%BSA,pH 8.0),1200rpm,3min,重复一次;
(4)将细胞溶于1ml缓冲液A中并计数,调整最终细胞浓度为1×107个/ml。
II、流动室细胞黏附实验
原理:
为了研究整合素介导的细胞黏附功能,我们在体外建立了流动室系统,可以研究α4整合素或者β2整合素分别与其配体VCAM-1、MAdCAM-1或者ICAM-1的相互作用(图2)。细胞从入口管进入,流经流动室,然后从另一根管流出。一个可以编程的泵接在这根管上,可以控制液体的流速。整合素的配体被包被在这个塑料培养皿上。首先我们用EDTA鳌合溶液中的金属离子,然后在悬浮有细胞的悬液中加入相应的金属离子,将细胞吸入流动室,壁面剪应力为1dyn/cm2。实验过程以录像的形式记录下来,用于后期的数据分析。
步骤:
(1)包被配体:取一洁净的塑料平皿,在皿底中央点一直径约5mm的圆圈,滴20μl 5μg/ml的VCAM-1、MAdCAM-1或者ICAM-1,置于湿盒中,37℃孵育1h;
(2)封闭杂蛋白:取出平皿,在标记的地方,用包被缓冲液洗三次(要保持配体表面一直有液体覆盖),于圆圈中加20μl封闭缓冲液,37℃孵育1h;
(3)用HBS洗两次,然后装上流动室系统,在上面铺一层HBS,用真空泵抽气,谨防漏气;
(4)于450μl缓冲液A加入50μl处理好的细胞,加入二价阳离子2μl,混匀,置于流动室系统中检测(图2),同时开启泵程序和视频记录程序,记录细胞的运动状态,以备分析。
1.2.6趋化因子诱导的细胞迁移实验
趋化因子诱导的细胞迁移实验(Chemokine induced transwell migration)可以很好的模拟整合素介导的淋巴细胞跨血管内皮细胞迁移的过程。在穿孔小室(Transwellchambers,孔径5μm,Millipore)两侧分别包被有5μg/ml VCAM-1、MAdCAM-1或者ICAM-1,4℃过夜,用封闭缓冲液37℃封闭1h。T细胞重悬于不加血清的RPMI 1640培养液中,细胞计数至2×106个/ml,取150μl细胞加入Well上层。Well下层加入600μl含有500ng/ml CCL21的RPMI1640培养液,保证Well内外液面水平,37℃静置孵育4h。迁移到孔下层的细胞进行计数,从而相对定量细胞的跨膜迁移能力。
1.2.7细胞铺展以及整合素在细胞表面聚集(integrin clustering)免疫荧光染色
(1)T细胞用不含有FBS的RPMI 1640培养液悬浮,铺于包被在PLL(100μg/ml)的玻璃片上,在37℃孵育10min;
(2)用温育好的PBS轻微洗一次,然后用温育好的2%多聚甲醛/PBS(Sigma)室温固定15min;
(3)PBS+10%FBS室温封闭1h;
(4)一抗孵育(PS/2):37℃2h或者4℃过夜,1%BSA+PBS洗三次,每次5min;
(5)二抗孵育(山羊抗rat-Cy3):37℃1h,然后用1%BSA+PBS洗三次,每次5min;
(6)用DAPI染细胞核:室温5min,然后用PBS洗三遍,封片拍照。
1.2.8细胞核质膜分离实验
(1)收集T细胞(1×107个),并用TBS清洗一次,5000rpm,3min;
(2)细胞用600μl缓冲液(TBS+蛋白酶抑制剂)重悬,冰上静置10min;
(3)用胰岛素针反复吹吸30-40次,通过机械力破碎细胞,收集全细胞裂解液(Whole cell lysate,WCL)样品;
(4)低速离心,2000rpm,3min去除细胞核组分及未破碎完全的细胞;
(5)转移上清到新的Eppendorf管中,13000rpm,30min;
(6)取上清为细胞胞浆组分,而沉淀为细胞膜组分,用细胞裂解液冰上裂解细胞,30min;
(7)14000rpm,30min,上清即为细胞膜经裂解后的可溶组分,进行后续的Co-IP或者收集Input样品。
1.2.9蛋白质免疫印迹
蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)用于检测细胞裂解液或者纯化得到的样品中某种特定蛋白质的相对含量。蛋白含量测定按照BCA法进行测定。同等量的蛋白样品用7-9%的SDS-PAGE电泳分离:浓缩胶80V,30min;分离胶120V,60min。电泳完毕后,利用湿式电转仪将蛋白转印到硝酸纤维素膜(NC)上,设定电流为280mA,时间100min。转印完毕后取出NC膜,含有转移蛋白的膜面向上。依次用封闭液(含5%脱脂奶粉的TBST)在室温孵育1h,用特异抗体(稀释于含2%BSA的TBST)在室温孵育2h或4℃过夜,用TBST洗NC膜三次,每次5min。然后用HRP耦联的二抗(稀释于TBST)室温孵育1h。孵育后用TBST洗NC膜两次,每次5min。再用TBS洗NC膜两次,每次5min。用ECL显色液进行荧光显影后将NC膜置于压片夹中,在暗房分别通过显影液和定影液来显示蛋白条带。
1.2.10免疫共沉淀
免疫共沉淀的所有操作都在冰上进行,所用的TBS、Cell裂解缓冲液和IP缓冲液等缓冲液均需在冰上预冷。
(1)收集细胞于15ml离心管中,水平转子离心,1200rpm,3min;
(2)弃上清,加入1ml TBS转移至1.5ml Eppendorf管中,5000rpm,3min;
(3)弃上清,加入600μl Cell裂解缓冲液,冰上裂解30min,中间吹悬混匀避免细胞沉降;
(4)14000rpm,30min,取上清,40μl作为Input用于蛋白质免疫印迹检测;
(5)剩余上清置于新的1.5ml Eppendorf管中,加入50μl Protein G珠子,4℃预清洗2h;
(6)2800rpm,3min,取上清于新的1.5ml Eppendorf管中,加入1μg一抗,4℃转盘孵育过夜;
(7)加入50μl Protein G珠子4℃孵育2h;
(8)2,800rpm,3min,用IP Buffer清洗三次;
(9)胰岛素针吸尽上清,加入60μl 2×SDS加样缓冲液,100℃煮沸10min;
(10)14000rpm,2min,用胰岛素针转移至新的1.5ml Eppendorf管中,后续用于蛋白质免疫印迹检测目的蛋白。
1.2.11 Pull down检测蛋白相互作用
利用E.coli原核表达纯化得到整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白后,分别与T细胞裂解液上清混合,4℃孵育2h,IP缓冲液洗去非特异结合蛋白后,2×蛋白加样缓冲液重悬珠子,100℃煮沸10min收样,蛋白质免疫印迹检测目的蛋白的条带。另外,整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白用考马斯亮蓝染色作为加样对照。
1.2.12 BiFC-Split GFP实验检测蛋白相互作用
研究蛋白-蛋白相互作用,除了传统的Pull down、Co-IP等生化方法外,蛋白片段互补实验(protein-fragment complementation assays,PCA)更加方便、直观,且可以相对定量,逐步受到科学家的青睐。PCA通过将一些酶类蛋白(比如二氢叶酸还原酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、β-内酰胺酶或者荧光素酶)拆分为二,分别作为标签来与目标蛋白融合表达,从而检测蛋白-蛋白相互作用。基于分离的绿色荧光蛋白(split green fluorescent protein,Split GFP)或者其各种突变体的PCA被称为双分子荧光互补实验(bimolecularfluorescence complementation,BiFC)。因为GFP元件的组装是不可逆的,因此基于SplitGFP的BiFC可以用来研究瞬时的蛋白-蛋白相互作用以及低亲和力的复合体。
本文利用Split GFP系统来研究α4整合素的自身二聚化。在细胞内同时表达α4亚基胞内结构域分别融合GFP的两部分:GFP 1-10OPT和GFP S11M3。若α4整合素发生自身二聚化,蛋白的两部分彼此靠近,从而形成稳定的GFP荧光,可通过荧光显微镜或者FACS方便直接地观测,并进行相对定量。分别对表达α4-Split GFP的细胞进行发热范围内的高温胁迫或者Hsp90的过表达处理,FACS可以方便、直观地检测GFP荧光水平的变化,从而反应出α4整合素自身二聚化的改变。
1.2.13 Native-PAGE检测蛋白的聚合形式
为了研究目的蛋白在细胞当中,即天然状态下自身的聚合形式,我们引入Native-PAGE系统。主要操作为:
(1)收集细胞裂解液后,加5×蛋白加样缓冲液(去除SDS),置于冰上,不需要100℃煮沸;
(2)高速离心后直接上样,不需要加蛋白Marker;
(3)电泳缓冲液用普通SDS-PAGE所用的转膜缓冲液(去除甲醇),且电泳过程在冰上进行,防止目的蛋白降解;
(4)转膜及后续蛋白质免疫印迹操作同普通SDS-PAGE。
1.2.14 Rho GTPase活化检测实验
整合素介导的免疫细胞跨膜迁移的关键步骤是细胞骨架蛋白的重排,进而细胞形态发生改变,最终穿出血管内皮细胞进入次级淋巴器官或者炎症部位。而介导细胞骨架形成的Rho GTPase主要有三种,分别是Rac1、RhoA和Cdc42。
本文中,为了检测这三种GTPase的活性变化,我们在体外分别表达纯化了各自结合GTP形式的效应蛋白(其中Rac1和Cdc42的效应蛋白均为PAK-PBD,而RhoA的效应蛋白为Rhotekin-RBD),各自通过GST标签连接在琼脂糖珠子上,与细胞裂解液进行孵育。这样,裂解液当中,活化的GTPase(即Rho-GTP形式)可以特异性地结合在其对应的效应蛋白-珠在上面,IP缓冲液洗去非特异性结合的蛋白,最后用各Rho GTPase的抗体进行蛋白质免疫印迹检测,该条带的亮弱即反应出对应Rho GTPase的活化程度。
1.2.15 CRISPR/Cas9系统构建基因Itga4R985A/R985A敲入小鼠
整合素α4-R985A基因敲入小鼠背景为C57BL/6J,该小鼠的构建委托上海南方模式生物科技发展有限公司来执行,具体研究策略如下:
(1)需求分析:
小鼠点突变位点:R1018A(对应人源位点R985A),该突变位点位于exon28中。
野生型序列:AAC AGG AGA(-N--R--R-)
突变后序列:AAC GCG AGA(-N--A--R)
(2)Cas9策略分析:
针对exon28序列设计guide RNAs。
Exon28靶序列:(非粗体为编码区,粗体为UTR)
GuideRNA设计如下:
Guide#1:CTATCCTACAAGAAGAAAACAGG(SEQ ID NO:16)
Donor DNA序列:
tttcagGCTGGATTCTTTAAAAGACAGTACAAATCTATCCTACAAGAAGAAAACGCGAGAGACAGCTGGAGTTATGTCAACAGCAAAAGCAATGATGACTGAAGACTTCTACACTGAGA(SEQ ID NO:17)
(3)CRISPR/Cas9技术建立基因突变小鼠流程
首先获得小鼠受精卵细胞,然后通过显微注射将Cas9蛋白、guide-RNA和模板DNA一同打入受精卵细胞当中。同源重组后,囊胚细胞的基因组DNA中,目的基因已经被替换为突变后的基因。最后将胚胎移植到代孕母鼠体内,从而生出F0代基因突变小鼠。
(4)原理
在细胞当中,guide-RNA引导核酸内切酶Cas9蛋白定位在基因组DNA的特定序列上面,然后在目的片段生成DNA双链断裂。与此同时,外源加入具有与原基因断裂位点两段序列同源(但引入了新基因或者基因突变)的模板DNA序列。通过同源重组,突变位点即被引入到基因组DNA序列当中。
二、实验结果
2.1发热范围内的高温胁迫促进了α4整合素介导的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移
为了研究发热范围内的高温胁迫对淋巴细胞黏附和迁移的影响,我们从C57BL/6J小鼠的脾脏中分离出T淋巴细胞,并进行生理条件(37℃)或发热范围内的高温胁迫(40℃)处理12小时。通过FACS实验发现发热范围内的高温胁迫并没有影响细胞膜表面所有α4和β2整合素亚基的表达(图3,A)。然后,我们分别检测了在1mM Ca2+/Mg2+生理条件下,发热范围内的高温胁迫对α4β1,α4β7和β2整合素介导的在其各自配体VCAM-1,MAdCAM-1和ICAM-1上的细胞黏附和迁移。在用VCAM-1做底物蛋白时,T细胞被提前用α4β7的封闭型抗体DATK32处理,来封闭α4β7-VCAM-1的结合,从而可以专一性地研究α4β1-VCAM-1作用的功能。相较于对照细胞,被40℃提前处理的T细胞在VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1蛋白做配体时,显著地增强了细胞黏附和迁移能力;但在ICAM-1做配体蛋白时,被37℃和40℃提前处理的细胞却显示出相似的黏附和迁移能力(图3,B和C)。以上结果表明,发热范围内的高温胁迫专一性地促进了α4整合素介导的淋巴细胞黏附和跨膜迁移。
2.2 Hsp90蛋白特异性结合α4整合素并促进了其介导的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移
接下来研究相关分子机制,我们用发热范围内的高温胁迫处理T细胞后,在全细胞裂解液中,热休克蛋白家族成员的表达水平均显著上调(图4,A)。进一步通过Co-IP实验发现,Hsp90(包含Hsp90AA1和Hsp90AB1两个亚型)特异性结合α4整合素,并且其结合水平在细胞被40℃提前处理后显著增强;而Hsp40、Hsp60和Hsp70则可以同时结合α4和β2整合素,从而暗示我们Hsp90可能参与到发热特异性调控α4整合素功能当中(图4,A)。然后,我们在T细胞中,特异性地过表达了Hsp90蛋白,增强了其与α4整合素的结合(图4,B)。结果发现Hsp90蛋白过表达确实显著性地促进了T细胞在VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1上的细胞黏附和迁移能力;但却没有影响β2整合素介导的在ICAM-1上的黏附和迁移能力(图4,C和D)。因此,发热范围内的高温胁迫通过上调Hsp90蛋白的表达来增强α4整合素介导的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移。
2.3 Hsp90的N端与C端均可与α4整合素胞内段结合
因为整合素是α/β异源二聚体,所以Hsp90蛋白可以通过与α或β亚基相互作用来结合α4整合素。我们纯化得到α4、β1和β7整合素胞内结构域模型蛋白,然后通过pull down实验确定Hsp90结合在α4整合素胞内段上(图5,A)。进一步生化实验鉴定出α4整合素胞内段的“ENRRDSWSY”基序上R985、W989和Y991三个氨基酸主要负责与Hsp90的结合,将这3氨基酸分别突变为A后,α4整合素与Hsp90的结合显著下降(图5,B和C,SEQ ID NO:18-21)。结合Hsp90蛋白的自身结构特点,Hsp90主要包含N端、中部和C端3段结构域(图5,D)。在T细胞中分别表达带HA标签的Hsp90各段结构域蛋白,Co-IP实验结果发现Hsp90的N端和C端均可以特异性地结合到α4整合素上面(图5,E)。进一步通过GST-pull down实验发现:Hsp90蛋白的N端和C端2个结构域与α4整合素胞内段的结合是直接的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(图5,F)。
2.4构建整合素Itga4R985A/R985A基因敲入小鼠
为了检测Hsp90是否通过与α4整合素胞内段的结合来促进α4整合素介导的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移,我们用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建了Itga4R985A/R985A基因敲入小鼠(knock-in,KI),从而在体内破坏了Hsp90-α4相互作用(图6,A)。之所以选用R985A突变,是因为在抑制Hsp90与α4整合素结合的三个点突变中,R985A是唯一一个不影响paxillin(已知的α4整合素胞内调控蛋白)结合在α4胞内段的点突变(图6,B)。在基因敲入小鼠中,α4整合素的表达水平并没有明显改变(图6,C)。Co-IP实验证实了R985A突变在体内确实可以显著抑制Hsp90与α4整合素的结合(图6,D)。
2.5破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合抑制了发热诱导的T细胞黏附和迁移
正如预期,α4整合素R985A突变彻底抑制了发热诱导的T细胞在VCAM-1和MAdCMA-1配体上的细胞黏附和跨膜迁移(图7,A和B),从而证明Hsp90-α4整合素的结合对发热诱导的T细胞黏附和迁移至关重要。然后,我们使用活体显微镜(Intravital microscopy)来在体内观测小鼠腹股沟淋巴结内淋巴细胞的黏附过程。来自WT和KI小鼠的T细胞被37℃或40℃提前处理12小时,然后标记上荧光素Calcein,通过右侧股动脉注射到WT小鼠体内。结果显示,提前用40℃处理过的WT T细胞显著地提高了其在IV级和V级血管内稳定黏附的比例(图7,C),并且增加了WT T细胞向腹股沟淋巴结归巢的能力(图7,D);但却并没有影响KI T细胞的稳定黏附和归巢。相反地是,提前用40℃处理过的T细胞同时增加了WT和KI T细胞在IV级和V级血管内的瞬时黏附和滚动黏附,可能是由于发热处理增强了T细胞L-selectin的功能所导致。相较于WT T细胞,发热处理后,KI T细胞显示出相对较低的滚动黏附能力,暗示发热促进α4整合素功能的增强可能对T细胞在HEVs表面的滚动黏附有部分贡献。
2.6 Hsp90-α4整合素结合诱导α4整合素活化
为了研究发热范围内高温胁迫处理以后,α4整合素是否通过Hsp90蛋白而被活化,我们首先检测了T细胞α4β1和α4β7整合素与可溶性VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1的结合。细胞被40℃提前处理后,WT T细胞展示出显著的VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1结合的增强;相反,KI T细胞的配体结合能力却没有明显变化,从而证实发热增强的配体结合能力确实依赖于Hsp90-α4整合素的结合(图8,A)。与之一致的是,过表达Hsp90蛋白同样也在WT T细胞中增强了与VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1的结合(图8,B)。接下来,我们用FRET实验来研究α4整合素胞外段构象的改变,其构象的伸展指示α4整合素的活化。我们观察到WT T细胞被40℃提前处理后,FRET效率显著下降(图8,C),指示发热处理后α4整合素胞外段的构象变得更加伸展;而KI T细胞的FRET效率则没有明显变化。同样地,过表达Hsp90蛋白也显著降低了WT T细胞的FRET效率(图8,D)。整合素的活化依赖于信号蛋白的结合,talin和kindlin-3是整合素胞内最重要的两个接头蛋白,通过结合在β亚基介导整合素由内向外的激活。Co-IP实验结果显示发热范围内的高温处理和Hsp90蛋白的过表达都在WT T细胞中显著地增强了talin和kindlin-3与α4整合素的结合(图8,E和F)。
2.7 Talin和kindlin-3的敲低抑制了α4整合素的活化
为了进一步证实talin和kindlin-3在发热诱导的α4整合素活化过程中的作用,我们直接在T细胞当中通过shRNA介导的基因沉默,敲低了talin和kindlin-3的表达水平。发热范围内的高温处理以后,二者与α4整合素的结合也没有明显增加(图9,A和B);与之相对应地,talin和kindlin-3的敲低显著地抑制了发热所诱导的VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1配体的结合(图9,C和D)、α4整合素胞外段与细胞膜之间FRET效率的降低(图9,E和F),从而证实发热诱导的Hsp90-α4整合素相互作用对α4整合素的活化是通过增强talin和kindlin-3与α4整合素的结合来实现的。
2.8 Hsp90-α4整合素结合诱导了α4整合素在细胞膜表面上的二聚化和聚簇现象
鉴于Hsp90的N端与C端均可直接与α4整合素胞内段结合,因此猜想在细胞内一个Hsp90分子可能同时结合在2个α4亚基上面,从而介导α4整合素在细胞膜上的二聚化,并进一步激活整合素下游信号通路。为了证实这一猜想,我们建立了一个双分子荧光互补系统(bimolecular fluorescence complementation,BiFC),在α4整合素胞内段的C段融合表达GFP的两个互补组分:GFP S1-10和GFP S11。α4整合素的二聚化可以诱导GFP S1-10和GFPS11彼此靠近,重构形成一个有功能的GFP蛋白(图10,A)。首先,我们将T细胞中的α4亚基通过shRNA敲低其内源表达,然后将GFP S1-10和GFP S11分别融合的shRNA耐受的α4亚基共表达在T细胞当中,从而构建得到α4整合素-Split GFP细胞。细胞被提前用40℃处理以后,表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的细胞GFP荧光水平显著提高(图10,B),表明发热促进了α4整合素在细胞膜上的二聚化。与之相对应地,表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的细胞被40℃处理以后,细胞膜表面的α4整合素发生了明显的聚簇现象(图10,D)。相反,表达α4(R985A)整合素-Split GFP的细胞的GFP荧光信号和膜上聚簇却没有被发热所诱导。同样地,在表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的细胞中过表达Hsp90蛋白也会提高GFP的荧光水平(图10,C)。以上结果说明发热处理后,Hsp90-α4整合素相互作用诱导α4整合素在细胞膜表面的二聚化和聚簇。
为了进一步研究Hsp90介导α4整合素二聚化的分子机制,我们构建了Hsp90蛋白缺失不同结构域的突变体(图10,E),然后分别表达在WTα4整合素-Split GFP细胞中。Native-PAGE结果显示Hsp90AA1-WT和Hsp90AA1-MC以同源二聚体形式存在,而Hsp90AB1-WT和Hsp90AB1-MC则主要以单体形式存在。缺失掉C端结构域(Hsp90-NM)显著地抑制了Hsp90-AA1和Hsp90AB1自身二聚的形成(图10,F)。在表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的细胞中,过表达Hsp90-WT显著增强了GFP的信号;然而,过表达Hsp90-MC只诱导出很低水平的GFP信号;过表达Hsp90-NM则完全没有诱导出GFP信号(图10,G)。Hsp90-MC诱导出的弱GFP信号可能是由于Hsp90-MC自身二聚体的两个C端结构域蛋白所介导的。因此,Hsp90蛋白的N端和C端两个结构域对有效的α4整合素的二聚化都有重要作用。然后,我们构建了Hsp90-NC5突变,在C端结构域删去了49个氨基酸,用以抑制Hsp90蛋白自身的二聚化(图10,H)。在表达WTα4整合素-Split GFP的细胞中,过表达Hsp90-WT和Hsp90-NC5诱导出相似的GFP信号(图10,I),从而说明Hsp90蛋白的单体形式即可以充分地介导α4整合素的二聚化。因此,一个Hsp90分子,可以通过其N端结构域和C端结构域,同时结合2个α4整合素亚基从而介导α4整合素在细胞膜上的二聚化。
2.9 Hsp90-α4整合素结合激活了FAK-RhoA GTPase信号通路
整合素在细胞膜表面的聚簇可以由外向内引发整合素下游信号通路的活化。其中,FAK和Rho家族的GTPases(RhoA、Rac1和Cdc42)是受整合素激活的重要的信号蛋白,可以通过调控骨架蛋白重排来促进细胞的迁移。因此,我们检测了发热范围内的高温胁迫对FAK和Rho GTPases活化的影响。结果显示,WT T细胞被40℃提前处理后,显著地提高了FAK第397位酪氨酸的磷酸化(图11,A),并且诱导了RhoA的活化(图11,B),而Rac1和Cdc42却没有被激活。相反地,KI T细胞中,FAK和RhoA均不受发热所调控(图11,C),从而证实发热诱导FAK和RhoA的活化是依赖于Hsp90-α4整合素的结合。进一步,直接在T细胞中过表达Hsp90-WT,同样促进了FAK和RhoA的活化;而过表达Hsp90-NM(不能诱导α4整合素的二聚化,图10,G)则不能激活FAK和RhoA(图11,D)。综上所述,Hsp90-α4整合素的结合诱导了α4整合素在细胞膜上的二聚化、聚簇以及随后的FAK、RhoA GTPase的活化。
2.10破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合抑制了发热诱导的淋巴细胞体内归巢
为了研究Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴对淋巴细胞体内迁移的影响,我们将WT和KI小鼠分别置于正常温度(核心温度36.8±0.2℃)或者发热范围内的全身高热温度(fever-rangewhole-body hyperthermia,WBH;核心温度39.5±0.5℃)处理6小时,然后从小鼠脾脏中分离T细胞。WT和KI小鼠显示出相似的α4整合素表达水平(图12,A)。相较于正常温度处理组,WBH处理后的WT小鼠T细胞中,Hsp90与α4整合素的结合显著增强;而在KI T细胞当中,则检测不到Hsp90与α4整合素的结合(图12,A)。与之相一致地,α4(R985A)突变彻底阻断了发热诱导的T细胞在VCAM-1和MAdCAM-1上的黏附和跨膜迁移(图12,B和C)。接下来,我们检测了正常温度或者WBH处理小鼠后,T细胞在不同淋巴组织中分布的的变化。正常温度处理下WT和KI小鼠,T细胞在外周血(peripheral lymph nodes,PLNs)、肠系膜淋巴结(mesentericlymph nodes,MLNs)、派尔集合淋巴结(Peyer’s patches,PPs)、脾脏和外周血(spleen andperipheral blood,PB)中的分布都是相似的,说明Hsp90-α4整合素的结合在正常温度下不影响T细胞向各个淋巴结的归巢。而在WBH处理后,WT小鼠T细胞在PLNs、MLNs和PPs中显著积累,相对应地在PB中显著下降(图12,D)。T细胞在脾脏中分布几乎没有改变是因为脾脏缺乏HEVs的结构。相反地,KI小鼠T细胞在这几个淋巴器官中的分布改变程度则显著较弱(图12,D),证明破坏了Hsp90与α4整合素的结合会抑制发热诱导的淋巴细胞向这几个淋巴结中的归巢。
2.11 LPS诱导的温和发热不影响小鼠体内T细胞归巢
接下来,我们建立了LPS诱导的小鼠发热模型。对WT和KI小鼠尾静脉注射LPS(10μg/kg)或PBS,每小时监测小鼠的直肠温度。与之前的报道类似,LPS能够诱导小鼠体温上升到大约38℃,并且持续时间小于6小时(图13,A)。然而,LPS引发的小鼠温和的发热并没有改变T细胞Hsp90蛋白的表达和在各个淋巴器官中的分布(图13,B和C)。体外实验确实也表明,只有当T细胞在38.5℃或者更高温度处理下,Hsp90蛋白的表达水平才有显著性地提高(图13,D)。因此,高温发热对于Hsp90蛋白的表达和促进T细胞的迁移都是必须的。
2.12破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合损害了病原细菌感染的清除
为了进一步探索Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴在伴随高温发热的病理过程中的作用,我们建立鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)感染小鼠模型。通过口腔灌胃注射高剂量的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(SL1344),从而引发小鼠产生肠胃炎及伤寒发热。当注射鼠伤寒沙门氏菌后,WT和KI小鼠于第2天开始出现发热现象,第4天时达到了最高约40℃的发热(图14,A)。生存曲线非常明显地显示鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染导致了KI小鼠更高的致死率(图14,B)。相较于WT小鼠,KI小鼠显示出更严重的肠道组织损伤,大量上皮组织结构破坏(图14,C);并在第5天时,显著增加了小肠中细菌的的侵染(图14,D)。进一步检查显示鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染引发小鼠发热后,WT小鼠有更多的T细胞浸润到小肠、PLNs和脾脏当中;但却减少了在MLNs、PPs和PB中的分布(图14,D和E)。T细胞在MLNs和PPs中的减少,以及在脾脏中的增加是由于鼠伤寒沙门式菌感染破坏了这几种淋巴器官的结构,并直接影响淋巴细胞在其中的分布。在KI小鼠中,破坏了Hsp90-α4整合素的结合显著地抑制了发热诱导的T细胞在PLNs中的分布(图14,E),并且减少了T细胞向小肠中的浸润(图14,D)。综上所述,以上研究表明发热激活的Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴在炎症发热过程中促进了免疫监视,对T细胞迁移到炎症组织,清除病菌感染有重要作用。
2.13破坏Hsp90-α4整合素结合抑制了鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染后单核细胞向引流淋巴结的迁移
鉴于α4整合素也表达在一些天然免疫细胞表面(比如:单核细胞),可以推测单核细胞迁移也同样受发热诱导的Hsp90-α4信号轴所调控。当小鼠口腔灌胃注射鼠伤寒沙门式菌3天后,KI小鼠中,迁移到PLNs、MLNs和PPs的单核细胞数目增加程度相比于WT小鼠显著较小(图15,A),从而表明Hsp90-α4整合素相互作用在发热过程中促进了单核细胞迁移到引流淋巴结当中。然而,不表达α4整合素的中性粒细胞在WT和KI小鼠中,向PLNs、MLNs和PPs的迁移数目却显示出相似的程度(图15,B)。因此,Hsp90-α4整合素信号通路能够在发热过程中促进表达α4整合素的天然免疫和适应性免疫细胞迁移,从而促进病原细菌感染的清除。
2.14热敏Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴调控免疫细胞定向迁移
在机体发热过程中,高温胁迫上调了免疫细胞中热休克蛋白Hsp90的表达。Hsp90可以特异性地结合α4整合素并通过由内向外的信号通路来活化α4整合素。而且,一个Hsp90分子的N端和C端结构域可以同时直接地结合两个α4整合素的胞内区,从而促进α4整合素在细胞膜表面的二聚化和聚簇现象,并激活下游FAK-RhoA通路来调控细胞骨架重排而促进免疫细胞迁移(图16)。综上所述:本文鉴定出Hsp90-α4整合素信号轴作为一个灵敏的热敏感受通路,可以促进免疫细胞迁移及在病原感染时增强免疫监视、维持免疫稳态。基于本文,通过改变温度或者细胞内Hsp90蛋白的表达来调控免疫细胞的定向迁移,将为病原体感染、炎症或者肿瘤的治疗提供新的解决策略。
序列表
<110> 中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心
<120> 调控免疫细胞迁移的组合物和方法
<130> 187532
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Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Gln Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile Ser Met Ile Gly Gln
115 120 125
Phe Gly Val Gly Phe Tyr Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val Ala Glu Lys Val Val
130 135 140
Val Ile Thr Lys His Asn Asp Asp Glu Gln Tyr Ala Trp Glu Ser Ser
145 150 155 160
Ala Gly Gly Ser Phe Thr Val Arg Ala Asp His Gly Glu Pro Ile Gly
165 170 175
Arg Gly Thr Lys Val Ile Leu His Leu Lys Glu Asp Gln Thr Glu Tyr
180 185 190
Leu Glu Glu Arg Arg Val Lys Glu Val Val Lys Lys His Ser Gln Phe
195 200 205
Ile Gly Tyr Pro Ile Thr Leu Tyr Leu Glu Lys Glu Arg Glu Lys Glu
210 215 220
Ile Ser Asp Asp Glu Ala Glu Glu Glu Lys Gly Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu
225 230 235 240
Asp Lys Glu Asp Glu Glu Lys Pro Lys Ile Glu Asp Val Gly Ser Asp
245 250 255
Glu Glu Asp Asp Ser Gly Lys Asp Lys Lys Lys Lys Thr Lys Lys Ile
260 265 270
Lys Glu Lys Tyr Ile Asp Gln Glu Glu Leu Asn Lys Thr Lys Pro Ile
275 280 285
Trp Thr Arg Asn Pro Asp Asp Ile Thr Gln Glu Glu Tyr Gly Glu Phe
290 295 300
Tyr Lys Ser Leu Thr Asn Asp Trp Glu Asp His Leu Ala Val Lys His
305 310 315 320
Phe Ser Val Glu Gly Gln Leu Glu Phe Arg Ala Leu Leu Phe Ile Pro
325 330 335
Arg Arg Ala Pro Phe Asp Leu Phe Glu Asn Lys Lys Lys Lys Asn Asn
340 345 350
Ile Lys Leu Tyr Val Arg Arg Val Phe Ile Met Asp Ser Cys Asp Glu
355 360 365
Leu Ile Pro Glu Tyr Leu Asn Phe Ile Arg Gly Val Val Asp Ser Glu
370 375 380
Asp Leu Pro Leu Asn Ile Ser Arg Glu Met Leu Gln Gln Ser Lys Ile
385 390 395 400
Leu Lys Val Ile Arg Lys Asn Ile Val Lys Lys Cys Leu Glu Leu Phe
405 410 415
Ser Glu Leu Ala Glu Asp Lys Glu Asn Tyr Lys Lys Phe Tyr Glu Ala
420 425 430
Phe Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys Leu Gly Ile His Glu Asp Ser Thr Asn Arg
435 440 445
Arg Arg Leu Ser Glu Leu Leu Arg Tyr His Thr Ser Gln Ser Gly Asp
450 455 460
Glu Met Thr Ser Leu Ser Glu Tyr Val Ser Arg Met Lys Glu Thr Gln
465 470 475 480
Lys Ser Ile Tyr Tyr Ile Thr Gly Glu Ser Lys Glu Gln Val Ala Asn
485 490 495
Ser Ala Phe Val Glu Arg Val Arg Lys Arg Gly Phe Glu Val Val Tyr
500 505 510
Met Thr Glu Pro Ile Asp Glu Tyr Cys Val Gln Gln Leu Lys Glu Phe
515 520 525
Asp Gly Lys Ser Leu Val Ser Val Thr Lys Glu Gly Leu Glu Leu Pro
530 535 540
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Ser Lys Ala Lys Phe
545 550 555 560
Glu Asn Leu Cys Lys Leu Met Lys Glu Ile Leu Asp Lys Lys Val Glu
565 570 575
Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Asn Arg Leu Val Ser Ser Pro Cys Cys Ile Val
580 585 590
Thr Ser Thr Tyr Gly Trp Thr Ala Asn Met Glu Arg Ile Met Lys Ala
595 600 605
Gln Ala Leu Arg Asp Asn Ser Thr Met Gly Tyr Met Met Ala Lys Lys
610 615 620
His Leu Glu Ile Asn Pro Asp His Pro Ile Val Glu Thr Leu Arg Gln
625 630 635 640
Lys Ala Glu Ala Asp Lys Asn Asp Lys Ala Val Lys Asp Leu Val Val
645 650 655
Leu Leu Phe Glu Thr Ala Leu Leu Ser Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Glu Asp
660 665 670
Pro Gln Thr His Ser Asn Arg Ile Tyr Arg Met Ile Lys Leu Gly Leu
675 680 685
Gly Ile Asp Glu Asp Glu Val Thr Ala Glu Glu Pro Ser Ala Ala Val
690 695 700
Pro Asp Glu Ile Pro Pro Leu Glu Gly Asp Glu Asp Ala Ser Arg Met
705 710 715 720
Glu Glu Val Asp
<210> 4
<211> 2175
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
atgcctgagg aagtgcacca tggagaggag gaggtggaga cctttgcctt tcaggcagaa 60
attgcccagc tcatgtccct catcatcaac actttctatt caaacaagga gattttcctc 120
cgcgagttga tctctaatgc ttcagatgcc ctggacaaga ttcgatatga gagcctgacg 180
gacccttcta agttggacag tgggaaagag ctgaaaattg acatcatccc caaccctcag 240
gagcgcacgc tgactttggt ggacacaggc attggcatga ccaaggctga cctcattaat 300
aacctgggaa ccattgctaa gtctggcacg aaggcgttca tggaggctct ccaggctggt 360
gcagacatct ccatgatcgg gcagtttggt gtcggattct actcggccta tctagttgca 420
gagaaagtgg ttgtgatcac gaagcacaat gatgatgagc agtatgcctg ggagtcgtct 480
gcgggtggct ccttcaccgt ccgggcagac catggtgagc ccattggccg gggtaccaaa 540
gtgatccttc acctcaaaga agaccagaca gagtacttgg aggagaggag ggtcaaggaa 600
gtggtgaaga aacattcgca gttcataggc tatcccatca ccctctattt ggagaaggaa 660
cgggagaagg agatcagtga tgatgaggca gaggaagaga aaggtgagaa agaggaggaa 720
gataaggagg atgaggagaa gcctaagatt gaagatgtgg gatccgatga ggaagatgac 780
agcggcaaag acaagaaaaa gaaaacaaag aagatcaaag agaagtacat tgaccaggag 840
gagctgaaca agacaaagcc tatctggacc agaaacccgg atgacatcac gcaggaggag 900
tatggcgaat tctataagag cctcaccaat gactgggagg accacttggc agtcaagcac 960
ttctctgtag aaggtcagtt ggaattcagg gcattgctct tcattccccg gcgggctccc 1020
ttcgaccttt ttgagaacaa gaagaagaag aacaacatca aattgtatgt ccgccgtgtg 1080
ttcatcatgg acagctgtga cgagctgata cctgagtacc tcaactttat ccgcggtgtg 1140
gttgactccg aggacctgcc cctgaacatc tcccgggaga tgctgcagca gagcaagatc 1200
ctgaaggtca tccgcaagaa catcgtcaag aagtgcctgg agctcttctc cgagctggct 1260
gaggacaagg agaactacaa gaagttctat gaggccttct ccaaaaattt aaagcttgga 1320
attcatgaag attccactaa ccgacgccgc ctctctgagc tccttcgcta tcacacctct 1380
cagtctggag atgagatgac ctccttgtca gagtatgtgt ctcgcatgaa ggagacccag 1440
aagtccatct actatatcac tggtgagagc aaagagcaag tggccaactc tgcctttgtg 1500
gagcgagtgc ggaagcgggg cttcgaggtg gtgtatatga ctgagcctat tgacgagtac 1560
tgcgtgcagc agctcaagga gtttgatggg aagagcctgg tctcagtgac taaggagggc 1620
ctggagctac cagaggacga ggaagagaag aagaaaatgg aggagagcaa ggcaaagttt 1680
gagaatctct gcaagctcat gaaggagatc ttggacaaga aggttgaaaa ggtgacaatc 1740
tccaataggc ttgtgtcttc accctgctgc attgtgacaa gcacctatgg ctggacagcc 1800
aacatggaac ggatcatgaa ggcccaggca ctgcgagaca actctacaat gggctacatg 1860
atggccaaaa aacacctgga gatcaaccct gaccacccca tcgtggagac cctgcggcag 1920
aaggctgagg cagacaaaaa cgacaaagct gtcaaggacc tggtggtgct gctgtttgaa 1980
actgctctgc tctcctctgg tttctcactt gaggatcccc aaacccactc caaccgcatc 2040
taccgcatga ttaaactagg cctgggcatc gatgaagatg aggtcactgc agaggagccc 2100
agtgctgctg ttcctgatga gatcccccct ctggaaggcg atgaggatgc ctcgcgcatg 2160
gaagaggtgg attaa 2175
<210> 5
<211> 732
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 5
Met Pro Glu Glu Thr Gln Thr Gln Asp Gln Pro Met Glu Glu Glu Glu
1 5 10 15
Val Glu Thr Phe Ala Phe Gln Ala Glu Ile Ala Gln Leu Met Ser Leu
20 25 30
Ile Ile Asn Thr Phe Tyr Ser Asn Lys Glu Ile Phe Leu Arg Glu Leu
35 40 45
Ile Ser Asn Ser Ser Asp Ala Leu Asp Lys Ile Arg Tyr Glu Ser Leu
50 55 60
Thr Asp Pro Ser Lys Leu Asp Ser Gly Lys Glu Leu His Ile Asn Leu
65 70 75 80
Ile Pro Asn Lys Gln Asp Arg Thr Leu Thr Ile Val Asp Thr Gly Ile
85 90 95
Gly Met Thr Lys Ala Asp Leu Ile Asn Asn Leu Gly Thr Ile Ala Lys
100 105 110
Ser Gly Thr Lys Ala Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Gln Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile
115 120 125
Ser Met Ile Gly Gln Phe Gly Val Gly Phe Tyr Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val
130 135 140
Ala Glu Lys Val Thr Val Ile Thr Lys His Asn Asp Asp Glu Gln Tyr
145 150 155 160
Ala Trp Glu Ser Ser Ala Gly Gly Ser Phe Thr Val Arg Thr Asp Thr
165 170 175
Gly Glu Pro Met Gly Arg Gly Thr Lys Val Ile Leu His Leu Lys Glu
180 185 190
Asp Gln Thr Glu Tyr Leu Glu Glu Arg Arg Ile Lys Glu Ile Val Lys
195 200 205
Lys His Ser Gln Phe Ile Gly Tyr Pro Ile Thr Leu Phe Val Glu Lys
210 215 220
Glu Arg Asp Lys Glu Val Ser Asp Asp Glu Ala Glu Glu Lys Glu Asp
225 230 235 240
Lys Glu Glu Glu Lys Glu Lys Glu Glu Lys Glu Ser Glu Asp Lys Pro
245 250 255
Glu Ile Glu Asp Val Gly Ser Asp Glu Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Asp Gly
260 265 270
Asp Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys Ile Lys Glu Lys Tyr Ile Asp Gln Glu
275 280 285
Glu Leu Asn Lys Thr Lys Pro Ile Trp Thr Arg Asn Pro Asp Asp Ile
290 295 300
Thr Asn Glu Glu Tyr Gly Glu Phe Tyr Lys Ser Leu Thr Asn Asp Trp
305 310 315 320
Glu Asp His Leu Ala Val Lys His Phe Ser Val Glu Gly Gln Leu Glu
325 330 335
Phe Arg Ala Leu Leu Phe Val Pro Arg Arg Ala Pro Phe Asp Leu Phe
340 345 350
Glu Asn Arg Lys Lys Lys Asn Asn Ile Lys Leu Tyr Val Arg Arg Val
355 360 365
Phe Ile Met Asp Asn Cys Glu Glu Leu Ile Pro Glu Tyr Leu Asn Phe
370 375 380
Ile Arg Gly Val Val Asp Ser Glu Asp Leu Pro Leu Asn Ile Ser Arg
385 390 395 400
Glu Met Leu Gln Gln Ser Lys Ile Leu Lys Val Ile Arg Lys Asn Leu
405 410 415
Val Lys Lys Cys Leu Glu Leu Phe Thr Glu Leu Ala Glu Asp Lys Glu
420 425 430
Asn Tyr Lys Lys Phe Tyr Glu Gln Phe Ser Lys Asn Ile Lys Leu Gly
435 440 445
Ile His Glu Asp Ser Gln Asn Arg Lys Lys Leu Ser Glu Leu Leu Arg
450 455 460
Tyr Tyr Thr Ser Ala Ser Gly Asp Glu Met Val Ser Leu Lys Asp Tyr
465 470 475 480
Cys Thr Arg Met Lys Glu Asn Gln Lys His Ile Tyr Tyr Ile Thr Gly
485 490 495
Glu Thr Lys Asp Gln Val Ala Asn Ser Ala Phe Val Glu Arg Leu Arg
500 505 510
Lys His Gly Leu Glu Val Ile Tyr Met Ile Glu Pro Ile Asp Glu Tyr
515 520 525
Cys Val Gln Gln Leu Lys Glu Phe Glu Gly Lys Thr Leu Val Ser Val
530 535 540
Thr Lys Glu Gly Leu Glu Leu Pro Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Lys
545 550 555 560
Gln Glu Glu Lys Lys Thr Lys Phe Glu Asn Leu Cys Lys Ile Met Lys
565 570 575
Asp Ile Leu Glu Lys Lys Val Glu Lys Val Val Val Ser Asn Arg Leu
580 585 590
Val Thr Ser Pro Cys Cys Ile Val Thr Ser Thr Tyr Gly Trp Thr Ala
595 600 605
Asn Met Glu Arg Ile Met Lys Ala Gln Ala Leu Arg Asp Asn Ser Thr
610 615 620
Met Gly Tyr Met Ala Ala Lys Lys His Leu Glu Ile Asn Pro Asp His
625 630 635 640
Ser Ile Ile Glu Thr Leu Arg Gln Lys Ala Glu Ala Asp Lys Asn Asp
645 650 655
Lys Ser Val Lys Asp Leu Val Ile Leu Leu Tyr Glu Thr Ala Leu Leu
660 665 670
Ser Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Glu Asp Pro Gln Thr His Ala Asn Arg Ile
675 680 685
Tyr Arg Met Ile Lys Leu Gly Leu Gly Ile Asp Glu Asp Asp Pro Thr
690 695 700
Ala Asp Asp Thr Ser Ala Ala Val Thr Glu Glu Met Pro Pro Leu Glu
705 710 715 720
Gly Asp Asp Asp Thr Ser Arg Met Glu Glu Val Asp
725 730
<210> 6
<211> 2199
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 6
atgcctgagg aaacccagac ccaagaccaa ccgatggagg aggaggaggt tgagacgttc 60
gcctttcagg cagaaattgc ccagttgatg tcattgatca tcaatacttt ctactcgaac 120
aaagagatct ttctgagaga gctcatttca aattcatcag atgcattgga caaaatccgg 180
tatgaaagct tgacagatcc cagtaaatta gactctggga aagagctgca tattaacctt 240
ataccgaaca aacaagatcg aactctcact attgtggata ctggaattgg aatgaccaag 300
gctgacttga tcaataacct tggtactatc gccaagtctg ggaccaaagc gttcatggaa 360
gctttgcagg ctggtgcaga tatctctatg attggccagt tcggtgttgg tttttattct 420
gcttatttgg ttgctgagaa agtaactgtg atcaccaaac ataacgatga tgagcagtac 480
gcttgggagt cctcagcagg gggatcattc acagtgagga cagacacagg tgaacctatg 540
ggtcgtggaa caaaagttat cctacacctg aaagaagacc aaactgagta cttggaggaa 600
cgaagaataa aggagattgt gaagaaacat tctcagttta ttggatatcc cattactctt 660
tttgtggaga aggaacgtga taaagaagta agcgatgatg aggctgaaga aaaggaagac 720
aaagaagaag aaaaagaaaa agaagagaaa gagtcggaag acaaacctga aattgaagat 780
gttggttctg atgaggaaga agaaaagaag gatggtgaca agaagaagaa gaagaagatt 840
aaggaaaagt acatcgatca agaagagctc aacaaaacaa agcccatctg gaccagaaat 900
cccgacgata ttactaatga ggagtacgga gaattctata agagcttgac caatgactgg 960
gaagatcact tggcagtgaa gcatttttca gttgaaggac agttggaatt cagagccctt 1020
ctatttgtcc cacgacgtgc tccttttgat ctgtttgaaa acagaaagaa aaagaacaac 1080
atcaaattgt atgtacgcag agttttcatc atggataact gtgaggagct aatccctgaa 1140
tatctgaact tcattagagg ggtggtagac tcggaggatc tccctctaaa catatcccgt 1200
gagatgttgc aacaaagcaa aattttgaaa gttatcagga agaatttggt caaaaaatgc 1260
ttagaactct ttactgaact ggcggaagat aaagagaact acaagaaatt ctatgagcag 1320
ttctctaaaa acataaagct tggaatacac gaagactctc aaaatcggaa gaagctttca 1380
gagctgttaa ggtactacac atctgcctct ggtgatgaga tggtttctct caaggactac 1440
tgcaccagaa tgaaggagaa ccagaaacat atctattata tcacaggtga gaccaaggac 1500
caggtagcta actcagcctt tgtggaacgt cttcggaaac atggcttaga agtgatctat 1560
atgattgagc ccattgatga gtactgtgtc caacagctga aggaatttga ggggaagact 1620
ttagtgtcag tcaccaaaga aggcctggaa cttccagagg atgaagaaga gaaaaagaag 1680
caggaagaga aaaaaacaaa gtttgagaac ctctgcaaaa tcatgaaaga catattggag 1740
aaaaaagttg aaaaggtggt tgtgtcaaac cgattggtga catctccatg ctgtattgtc 1800
acaagcacat atggctggac agcaaacatg gagagaatca tgaaagctca agccctaaga 1860
gacaactcaa caatgggtta catggcagca aagaaacacc tggagataaa ccctgaccat 1920
tccattattg agaccttaag gcaaaaggca gaggctgata agaacgacaa gtctgtgaag 1980
gatctggtca tcttgcttta tgaaactgcg ctcctgtctt ctggcttcag tctggaagat 2040
ccccagacac atgctaacag gatctacagg atgatcaaac ttggtctggg tattgatgaa 2100
gatgacccta ctgctgatga taccagtgct gctgtaactg aagaaatgcc accccttgaa 2160
ggagatgacg acacatcacg catggaagaa gtagactaa 2199
<210> 7
<211> 724
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 7
Met Pro Glu Glu Val His His Gly Glu Glu Glu Val Glu Thr Phe Ala
1 5 10 15
Phe Gln Ala Glu Ile Ala Gln Leu Met Ser Leu Ile Ile Asn Thr Phe
20 25 30
Tyr Ser Asn Lys Glu Ile Phe Leu Arg Glu Leu Ile Ser Asn Ala Ser
35 40 45
Asp Ala Leu Asp Lys Ile Arg Tyr Glu Ser Leu Thr Asp Pro Ser Lys
50 55 60
Leu Asp Ser Gly Lys Glu Leu Lys Ile Asp Ile Ile Pro Asn Pro Gln
65 70 75 80
Glu Arg Thr Leu Thr Leu Val Asp Thr Gly Ile Gly Met Thr Lys Ala
85 90 95
Asp Leu Ile Asn Asn Leu Gly Thr Ile Ala Lys Ser Gly Thr Lys Ala
100 105 110
Phe Met Glu Ala Leu Gln Ala Gly Ala Asp Ile Ser Met Ile Gly Gln
115 120 125
Phe Gly Val Gly Phe Tyr Ser Ala Tyr Leu Val Ala Glu Lys Val Val
130 135 140
Val Ile Thr Lys His Asn Asp Asp Glu Gln Tyr Ala Trp Glu Ser Ser
145 150 155 160
Ala Gly Gly Ser Phe Thr Val Arg Ala Asp His Gly Glu Pro Ile Gly
165 170 175
Arg Gly Thr Lys Val Ile Leu His Leu Lys Glu Asp Gln Thr Glu Tyr
180 185 190
Leu Glu Glu Arg Arg Val Lys Glu Val Val Lys Lys His Ser Gln Phe
195 200 205
Ile Gly Tyr Pro Ile Thr Leu Tyr Leu Glu Lys Glu Arg Glu Lys Glu
210 215 220
Ile Ser Asp Asp Glu Ala Glu Glu Glu Lys Gly Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu
225 230 235 240
Asp Lys Asp Asp Glu Glu Lys Pro Lys Ile Glu Asp Val Gly Ser Asp
245 250 255
Glu Glu Asp Asp Ser Gly Lys Asp Lys Lys Lys Lys Thr Lys Lys Ile
260 265 270
Lys Glu Lys Tyr Ile Asp Gln Glu Glu Leu Asn Lys Thr Lys Pro Ile
275 280 285
Trp Thr Arg Asn Pro Asp Asp Ile Thr Gln Glu Glu Tyr Gly Glu Phe
290 295 300
Tyr Lys Ser Leu Thr Asn Asp Trp Glu Asp His Leu Ala Val Lys His
305 310 315 320
Phe Ser Val Glu Gly Gln Leu Glu Phe Arg Ala Leu Leu Phe Ile Pro
325 330 335
Arg Arg Ala Pro Phe Asp Leu Phe Glu Asn Lys Lys Lys Lys Asn Asn
340 345 350
Ile Lys Leu Tyr Val Arg Arg Val Phe Ile Met Asp Ser Cys Asp Glu
355 360 365
Leu Ile Pro Glu Tyr Leu Asn Phe Ile Arg Gly Val Val Asp Ser Glu
370 375 380
Asp Leu Pro Leu Asn Ile Ser Arg Glu Met Leu Gln Gln Ser Lys Ile
385 390 395 400
Leu Lys Val Ile Arg Lys Asn Ile Val Lys Lys Cys Leu Glu Leu Phe
405 410 415
Ser Glu Leu Ala Glu Asp Lys Glu Asn Tyr Lys Lys Phe Tyr Glu Ala
420 425 430
Phe Ser Lys Asn Leu Lys Leu Gly Ile His Glu Asp Ser Thr Asn Arg
435 440 445
Arg Arg Leu Ser Glu Leu Leu Arg Tyr His Thr Ser Gln Ser Gly Asp
450 455 460
Glu Met Thr Ser Leu Ser Glu Tyr Val Ser Arg Met Lys Glu Thr Gln
465 470 475 480
Lys Ser Ile Tyr Tyr Ile Thr Gly Glu Ser Lys Glu Gln Val Ala Asn
485 490 495
Ser Ala Phe Val Glu Arg Val Arg Lys Arg Gly Phe Glu Val Val Tyr
500 505 510
Met Thr Glu Pro Ile Asp Glu Tyr Cys Val Gln Gln Leu Lys Glu Phe
515 520 525
Asp Gly Lys Ser Leu Val Ser Val Thr Lys Glu Gly Leu Glu Leu Pro
530 535 540
Glu Asp Glu Glu Glu Lys Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Ser Lys Ala Lys Phe
545 550 555 560
Glu Asn Leu Cys Lys Leu Met Lys Glu Ile Leu Asp Lys Lys Val Glu
565 570 575
Lys Val Thr Ile Ser Asn Arg Leu Val Ser Ser Pro Cys Cys Ile Val
580 585 590
Thr Ser Thr Tyr Gly Trp Thr Ala Asn Met Glu Arg Ile Met Lys Ala
595 600 605
Gln Ala Leu Arg Asp Asn Ser Thr Met Gly Tyr Met Met Ala Lys Lys
610 615 620
His Leu Glu Ile Asn Pro Asp His Pro Ile Val Glu Thr Leu Arg Gln
625 630 635 640
Lys Ala Glu Ala Asp Lys Asn Asp Lys Ala Val Lys Asp Leu Val Val
645 650 655
Leu Leu Phe Glu Thr Ala Leu Leu Ser Ser Gly Phe Ser Leu Glu Asp
660 665 670
Pro Gln Thr His Ser Asn Arg Ile Tyr Arg Met Ile Lys Leu Gly Leu
675 680 685
Gly Ile Asp Glu Asp Glu Val Ala Ala Glu Glu Pro Asn Ala Ala Val
690 695 700
Pro Asp Glu Ile Pro Pro Leu Glu Gly Asp Glu Asp Ala Ser Arg Met
705 710 715 720
Glu Glu Val Asp
<210> 8
<211> 2175
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 8
atgcctgagg aagtgcacca tggagaggag gaggtggaga cttttgcctt tcaggcagaa 60
attgcccaac tcatgtccct catcatcaat accttctatt ccaacaagga gattttcctt 120
cgggagttga tctctaatgc ttctgatgcc ttggacaaga ttcgctatga gagcctgaca 180
gacccttcga agttggacag tggtaaagag ctgaaaattg acatcatccc caaccctcag 240
gaacgtaccc tgactttggt agacacaggc attggcatga ccaaagctga tctcataaat 300
aatttgggaa ccattgccaa gtctggtact aaagcattca tggaggctct tcaggctggt 360
gcagacatct ccatgattgg gcagtttggt gttggctttt attctgccta cttggtggca 420
gagaaagtgg ttgtgatcac aaagcacaac gatgatgaac agtatgcttg ggagtcttct 480
gctggaggtt ccttcactgt gcgtgctgac catggtgagc ccattggcag gggtaccaaa 540
gtgatcctcc atcttaaaga agatcagaca gagtacctag aagagaggcg ggtcaaagaa 600
gtagtgaaga agcattctca gttcataggc tatcccatca ccctttattt ggagaaggaa 660
cgagagaagg aaattagtga tgatgaggca gaggaagaga aaggtgagaa agaagaggaa 720
gataaagatg atgaagaaaa acccaagatc gaagatgtgg gttcagatga ggaggatgac 780
agcggtaagg ataagaagaa gaaaactaag aagatcaaag agaaatacat tgatcaggaa 840
gaactaaaca agaccaagcc tatttggacc agaaaccctg atgacatcac ccaagaggag 900
tatggagaat tctacaagag cctcactaat gactgggaag accacttggc agtcaagcac 960
ttttctgtag aaggtcagtt ggaattcagg gcattgctat ttattcctcg tcgggctccc 1020
tttgaccttt ttgagaacaa gaagaaaaag aacaacatca aactctatgt ccgccgtgtg 1080
ttcatcatgg acagctgtga tgagttgata ccagagtatc tcaattttat ccgtggtgtg 1140
gttgactctg aggatctgcc cctgaacatc tcccgagaaa tgctccagca gagcaaaatc 1200
ttgaaagtca ttcgcaaaaa cattgttaag aagtgccttg agctcttctc tgagctggca 1260
gaagacaagg agaattacaa gaaattctat gaggcattct ctaaaaatct caagcttgga 1320
atccacgaag actccactaa ccgccgccgc ctgtctgagc tgctgcgcta tcatacctcc 1380
cagtctggag atgagatgac atctctgtca gagtatgttt ctcgcatgaa ggagacacag 1440
aagtccatct attacatcac tggtgagagc aaagagcagg tggccaactc agcttttgtg 1500
gagcgagtgc ggaaacgggg cttcgaggtg gtatatatga ccgagcccat tgacgagtac 1560
tgtgtgcagc agctcaagga atttgatggg aagagcctgg tctcagttac caaggagggt 1620
ctggagctgc ctgaggatga ggaggagaag aagaagatgg aagagagcaa ggcaaagttt 1680
gagaacctct gcaagctcat gaaagaaatc ttagataaga aggttgagaa ggtgacaatc 1740
tccaatagac ttgtgtcttc accttgctgc attgtgacca gcacctacgg ctggacagcc 1800
aatatggagc ggatcatgaa agcccaggca cttcgggaca actccaccat gggctatatg 1860
atggccaaaa agcacctgga gatcaaccct gaccacccca ttgtggagac gctgcggcag 1920
aaggctgagg ccgacaagaa tgataaggca gttaaggacc tggtggtgct gctgtttgaa 1980
accgccctgc tatcttctgg cttttccctt gaggatcccc agacccactc caaccgcatc 2040
tatcgcatga tcaagctagg tctaggtatt gatgaagatg aagtggcagc agaggaaccc 2100
aatgctgcag ttcctgatga gatcccccct ctcgagggcg atgaggatgc gtctcgcatg 2160
gaagaagtcg attag 2175
<210> 9
<211> 642
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 9
Met Ala Lys Asn Thr Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Leu Gly Thr Thr Tyr Ser
1 5 10 15
Cys Val Gly Val Phe Gln His Gly Lys Val Glu Ile Ile Ala Asn Asp
20 25 30
Gln Gly Asn Arg Thr Thr Pro Ser Tyr Val Ala Phe Thr Asp Thr Glu
35 40 45
Arg Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Ala Lys Asn Gln Val Ala Leu Asn Pro Gln
50 55 60
Asn Thr Val Phe Asp Ala Lys Arg Leu Ile Gly Arg Lys Phe Gly Asp
65 70 75 80
Ala Val Val Gln Ser Asp Met Lys His Trp Pro Phe Gln Val Val Asn
85 90 95
Asp Gly Asp Lys Pro Lys Val Gln Val Asn Tyr Lys Gly Glu Ser Arg
100 105 110
Ser Phe Phe Pro Glu Glu Ile Ser Ser Met Val Leu Thr Lys Met Lys
115 120 125
Glu Ile Ala Glu Ala Tyr Leu Gly His Pro Val Thr Asn Ala Val Ile
130 135 140
Thr Val Pro Ala Tyr Phe Asn Asp Ser Gln Arg Gln Ala Thr Lys Asp
145 150 155 160
Ala Gly Val Ile Ala Gly Leu Asn Val Leu Arg Ile Ile Asn Glu Pro
165 170 175
Thr Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Tyr Gly Leu Asp Arg Thr Gly Lys Gly Glu
180 185 190
Arg Asn Val Leu Ile Phe Asp Leu Gly Gly Gly Thr Phe Asp Val Ser
195 200 205
Ile Leu Thr Ile Asp Asp Gly Ile Phe Glu Val Lys Ala Thr Ala Gly
210 215 220
Asp Thr His Leu Gly Gly Glu Asp Phe Asp Asn Arg Leu Val Ser His
225 230 235 240
Phe Val Glu Glu Phe Lys Arg Lys His Lys Lys Asp Ile Ser Gln Asn
245 250 255
Lys Arg Ala Val Arg Arg Leu Arg Thr Ala Cys Glu Arg Ala Lys Arg
260 265 270
Thr Leu Ser Ser Ser Thr Gln Ala Ser Leu Glu Ile Asp Ser Leu Phe
275 280 285
Glu Gly Ile Asp Phe Tyr Thr Ser Ile Thr Arg Ala Arg Phe Glu Glu
290 295 300
Leu Cys Ser Asp Leu Phe Arg Gly Thr Leu Glu Pro Val Glu Lys Ala
305 310 315 320
Leu Arg Asp Ala Lys Met Asp Lys Ala Gln Ile His Asp Leu Val Leu
325 330 335
Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Arg Ile Pro Lys Val Gln Lys Leu Leu Gln Asp
340 345 350
Phe Phe Asn Gly Arg Asp Leu Asn Lys Ser Ile Asn Pro Asp Glu Ala
355 360 365
Val Ala Tyr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Ala Ala Ile Leu Met Gly Asp Lys
370 375 380
Ser Glu Asn Val Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Leu Asp Val Ala Pro Leu Ser
385 390 395 400
Leu Gly Leu Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Val Met Thr Ala Leu Ile Lys Arg
405 410 415
Asn Ser Thr Ile Pro Thr Lys Gln Thr Gln Thr Phe Thr Thr Tyr Ser
420 425 430
Asp Asn Gln Pro Gly Val Leu Ile Gln Val Tyr Glu Gly Glu Arg Ala
435 440 445
Met Thr Arg Asp Asn Asn Leu Leu Gly Arg Phe Glu Leu Ser Gly Ile
450 455 460
Pro Pro Ala Pro Arg Gly Val Pro Gln Ile Glu Val Thr Phe Asp Ile
465 470 475 480
Asp Ala Asn Gly Ile Leu Asn Val Thr Ala Thr Asp Lys Ser Thr Gly
485 490 495
Lys Ala Asn Lys Ile Thr Ile Thr Asn Asp Lys Gly Arg Leu Ser Lys
500 505 510
Glu Glu Ile Glu Arg Met Val Gln Glu Ala Glu Arg Tyr Lys Ala Glu
515 520 525
Asp Glu Val Gln Arg Asp Arg Val Ala Ala Lys Asn Ala Leu Glu Ser
530 535 540
Tyr Ala Phe Asn Met Lys Ser Ala Val Glu Asp Glu Gly Leu Lys Gly
545 550 555 560
Lys Leu Ser Glu Ala Asp Lys Lys Lys Val Leu Asp Lys Cys Gln Glu
565 570 575
Val Ile Ser Trp Leu Asp Ser Asn Thr Leu Ala Asp Lys Glu Glu Phe
580 585 590
Val His Lys Arg Glu Glu Leu Glu Arg Val Cys Ser Pro Ile Ile Ser
595 600 605
Gly Leu Tyr Gln Gly Ala Gly Ala Pro Gly Ala Gly Gly Phe Gly Ala
610 615 620
Gln Ala Pro Pro Lys Gly Ala Ser Gly Ser Gly Pro Thr Ile Glu Glu
625 630 635 640
Val Asp
<210> 10
<211> 1929
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 10
atggccaaga acacggcgat cggcatcgac ctgggcacca cctactcgtg cgtgggcgtg 60
ttccagcacg gcaaggtgga gatcatcgcc aacgaccagg gcaaccgcac gacccccagc 120
tacgtggcct tcaccgacac cgagcgcctc atcggggacg ccgccaagaa ccaggtggcg 180
ctgaacccgc agaacaccgt gttcgacgcg aagcggctga tcggccgcaa gttcggcgat 240
gcggtggtgc agtccgacat gaagcactgg cccttccagg tggtgaacga cggcgacaag 300
cccaaggtgc aggtgaacta caagggcgag agccggtcgt tcttcccgga ggagatctcg 360
tccatggtgc tgacgaagat gaaggagatc gctgaggcgt acctgggcca cccggtgacc 420
aacgcggtga tcacggtgcc cgcctacttc aacgactctc agcggcaggc caccaaggac 480
gcgggcgtga tcgccggtct aaacgtgctg cggatcatca acgagcccac ggcggccgcc 540
atcgcctacg ggctggaccg gaccggcaag ggcgagcgca acgtgctcat cttcgacctg 600
gggggcggca cgttcgacgt gtccatcctg acgatcgacg acggcatctt cgaggtgaag 660
gccacggcgg gcgacacgca cctgggaggg gaggacttcg acaaccggct ggtgagccac 720
ttcgtggagg agttcaagag gaagcacaag aaggacatca gccagaacaa gcgcgcggtg 780
cggcggctgc gcacggcgtg tgagagggcc aagaggacgc tgtcgtccag cacccaggcc 840
agcctggaga tcgactctct gttcgagggc atcgacttct acacatccat cacgcgggcg 900
cggttcgaag agctgtgctc ggacctgttc cgcggcacgc tggagcccgt ggagaaggcc 960
ctgcgcgacg ccaagatgga caaggcgcag atccacgacc tggtgctggt gggcggctcg 1020
acgcgcatcc ccaaggtgca gaagctgctg caggacttct tcaacgggcg cgacctgaac 1080
aagagcatca acccggacga ggcggtggcc tacggggcgg cggtgcaggc ggccatcctg 1140
atgggggaca agtcggagaa cgtgcaggac ctgctgctgc tggacgtggc gccgctgtcg 1200
ctgggcctgg agactgcggg cggcgtgatg acggcgctca tcaagcgcaa ctccaccatc 1260
cccaccaagc agacgcagac cttcaccacc tactcggaca accagcccgg ggtgctgatc 1320
caggtgtacg agggcgagag ggccatgacg cgcgacaaca acctgctggg gcgcttcgag 1380
ctgagcggca tcccgccggc gcccaggggc gtgccgcaga tcgaggtgac cttcgacatc 1440
gacgccaacg gcatcctgaa cgtcacggcc accgacaaga gcaccggcaa ggccaacaag 1500
atcaccatca ccaacgacaa gggccgcctg agcaaggagg agatcgagcg catggtgcag 1560
gaggccgagc gctacaaggc cgaggacgag gtgcagcgcg acagggtggc cgccaagaac 1620
gcgctcgagt cctatgcctt caacatgaag agcgccgtgg aggacgaggg tctcaagggc 1680
aagctcagcg aggctgacaa gaagaaggtg ctggacaagt gccaggaggt catctcctgg 1740
ctggactcca acacgctggc cgacaaggag gagttcgtgc acaagcggga ggagctggag 1800
cgggtgtgca gccccatcat cagtgggctg taccagggtg cgggtgctcc tggggctggg 1860
ggcttcgggg cccaggcgcc gccgaaagga gcctctggct caggacccac catcgaggag 1920
gtggattag 1929
<210> 11
<211> 573
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 11
Met Leu Arg Leu Pro Thr Val Leu Arg Gln Met Arg Pro Val Ser Arg
1 5 10 15
Ala Leu Ala Pro His Leu Thr Arg Ala Tyr Ala Lys Asp Val Lys Phe
20 25 30
Gly Ala Asp Ala Arg Ala Leu Met Leu Gln Gly Val Asp Leu Leu Ala
35 40 45
Asp Ala Val Ala Val Thr Met Gly Pro Lys Gly Arg Thr Val Ile Ile
50 55 60
Glu Gln Ser Trp Gly Ser Pro Lys Val Thr Lys Asp Gly Val Thr Val
65 70 75 80
Ala Lys Ser Ile Asp Leu Lys Asp Lys Tyr Lys Asn Ile Gly Ala Lys
85 90 95
Leu Val Gln Asp Val Ala Asn Asn Thr Asn Glu Glu Ala Gly Asp Gly
100 105 110
Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Val Leu Ala Arg Ser Ile Ala Lys Glu Gly Phe
115 120 125
Glu Lys Ile Ser Lys Gly Ala Asn Pro Val Glu Ile Arg Arg Gly Val
130 135 140
Met Leu Ala Val Asp Ala Val Ile Ala Glu Leu Lys Lys Gln Ser Lys
145 150 155 160
Pro Val Thr Thr Pro Glu Glu Ile Ala Gln Val Ala Thr Ile Ser Ala
165 170 175
Asn Gly Asp Lys Asp Ile Gly Asn Ile Ile Ser Asp Ala Met Lys Lys
180 185 190
Val Gly Arg Lys Gly Val Ile Thr Val Lys Asp Gly Lys Thr Leu Asn
195 200 205
Asp Glu Leu Glu Ile Ile Glu Gly Met Lys Phe Asp Arg Gly Tyr Ile
210 215 220
Ser Pro Tyr Phe Ile Asn Thr Ser Lys Gly Gln Lys Cys Glu Phe Gln
225 230 235 240
Asp Ala Tyr Val Leu Leu Ser Glu Lys Lys Ile Ser Ser Val Gln Ser
245 250 255
Ile Val Pro Ala Leu Glu Ile Ala Asn Ala His Arg Lys Pro Leu Val
260 265 270
Ile Ile Ala Glu Asp Val Asp Gly Glu Ala Leu Ser Thr Leu Val Leu
275 280 285
Asn Arg Leu Lys Val Gly Leu Gln Val Val Ala Val Lys Ala Pro Gly
290 295 300
Phe Gly Asp Asn Arg Lys Asn Gln Leu Lys Asp Met Ala Ile Ala Thr
305 310 315 320
Gly Gly Ala Val Phe Gly Glu Glu Gly Leu Asn Leu Asn Leu Glu Asp
325 330 335
Val Gln Ala His Asp Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Glu Val Ile Val Thr Lys
340 345 350
Asp Asp Ala Met Leu Leu Lys Gly Lys Gly Asp Lys Ala His Ile Glu
355 360 365
Lys Arg Ile Gln Glu Ile Thr Glu Gln Leu Asp Ile Thr Thr Ser Glu
370 375 380
Tyr Glu Lys Glu Lys Leu Asn Glu Arg Leu Ala Lys Leu Ser Asp Gly
385 390 395 400
Val Ala Val Leu Lys Val Gly Gly Thr Ser Asp Val Glu Val Asn Glu
405 410 415
Lys Lys Asp Arg Val Thr Asp Ala Leu Asn Ala Thr Arg Ala Ala Val
420 425 430
Glu Glu Gly Ile Val Leu Gly Gly Gly Cys Ala Leu Leu Arg Cys Ile
435 440 445
Pro Ala Leu Asp Ser Leu Lys Pro Ala Asn Glu Asp Gln Lys Ile Gly
450 455 460
Ile Glu Ile Ile Lys Arg Ala Leu Lys Ile Pro Ala Met Thr Ile Ala
465 470 475 480
Lys Asn Ala Gly Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Ile Val Glu Lys Ile Leu Gln
485 490 495
Ser Ser Ser Glu Val Gly Tyr Asp Ala Met Leu Gly Asp Phe Val Asn
500 505 510
Met Val Glu Lys Gly Ile Ile Asp Pro Thr Lys Val Val Arg Thr Ala
515 520 525
Leu Leu Asp Ala Ala Gly Val Ala Ser Leu Leu Thr Thr Ala Glu Ala
530 535 540
Val Val Thr Glu Ile Pro Lys Glu Glu Lys Asp Pro Gly Met Gly Ala
545 550 555 560
Met Gly Gly Met Gly Gly Gly Met Gly Gly Gly Met Phe
565 570
<210> 12
<211> 1722
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 12
atgcttcgac tacccacagt ccttcgccag atgagaccag tgtcccgggc actggctcct 60
catctcactc gggcctatgc caaagatgta aaatttggtg cggacgctcg agccttaatg 120
cttcaaggtg tagacctttt agcagatgct gtagctgtta caatggggcc aaagggaaga 180
actgtgatta ttgaacagag ttggggaagt cccaaagtaa caaaagatgg ggtcactgtt 240
gcaaagtcaa ttgatttaaa ggataaatac aaaaatattg gagctaaact tgttcaggac 300
gttgccaata acacaaacga agaggctggg gatggcacca ccactgccac tgttctggca 360
cgatctattg ccaaggaggg ctttgagaag atcagcaaag gggctaatcc agtggaaatc 420
cggagaggtg tgatgttggc tgtggatgct gtaattgctg aacttaagaa acagtctaaa 480
cctgtgacaa cccctgaaga aattgctcag gttgctacaa tttctgcaaa tggagacaaa 540
gacattggga acatcatttc tgatgcaatg aaaaaggttg gaagaaaggg tgtcatcaca 600
gtgaaggatg gaaaaaccct gaatgatgag ctagaaatta ttgaaggcat gaagtttgat 660
agaggatata tttccccgta ttttattaac acatcaaaag gtcaaaagtg tgaattccaa 720
gatgcctatg tcttgttgag tgaaaagaaa atttccagtg ttcagtccat tgtccctgct 780
cttgaaattg ctaatgctca tcggaagcca ttggtcataa tcgccgaaga cgttgacgga 840
gaagctctaa gcacgctggt tttgaacagg ctaaaagttg gtcttcaggt tgtggcagtc 900
aaagctccag gatttgggga caataggaag aaccagctta aagatatggc tattgctact 960
ggtggtgcag tgtttggaga agaggggttg aatctaaatc ttgaagatgt tcaagctcat 1020
gacttaggaa aagttgggga ggtcattgtc accaaagatg atgccatgct tttgaaagga 1080
aaaggtgaca aagctcacat tgaaaaacgt attcaagaaa tcactgagca gctagacatc 1140
acaactagtg aatatgaaaa agaaaagctg aacgagcgac ttgctaaact ttcagatgga 1200
gtagctgtgt tgaaggttgg aggaacaagt gatgttgaag tgaatgagaa aaaagacaga 1260
gttactgatg ctctcaatgc tacaagagca gctgttgaag aaggcattgt tctaggaggg 1320
ggctgcgctc tgcttcggtg catcccagcc ttggattcat taaagcctgc taatgaagac 1380
cagaaaatag gtatagaaat tattaaaaga gcacttaaaa ttcctgcaat gacgattgct 1440
aagaatgcag gtgttgaagg atctttgata gttgagaaaa ttctgcagag ttcctcagaa 1500
gttggttatg acgccatgct tggagatttt gtgaacatgg tggaaaaagg gatcattgat 1560
ccaacaaagg ttgtgagaac tgccttactg gatgctgctg gggtggcctc cttgctaact 1620
acagccgaag ctgtagtgac agaaattcct aaagaagaga aggaccctgg aatgggtgca 1680
atgggtggca tgggaggggg tatgggaggc ggcatgttct aa 1722
<210> 13
<211> 340
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 13
Met Gly Lys Asp Tyr Tyr Gln Thr Leu Gly Leu Ala Arg Gly Ala Ser
1 5 10 15
Asp Asp Glu Ile Lys Arg Ala Tyr Arg Arg Gln Ala Leu Arg Tyr His
20 25 30
Pro Asp Lys Asn Lys Glu Pro Gly Ala Glu Glu Lys Phe Lys Glu Ile
35 40 45
Ala Glu Ala Tyr Asp Val Leu Ser Asp Pro Arg Lys Arg Glu Ile Phe
50 55 60
Asp Arg Tyr Gly Glu Glu Gly Leu Lys Gly Gly Ser Pro Ser Gly Gly
65 70 75 80
Ser Ser Gly Gly Ala Asn Gly Thr Ser Phe Ser Tyr Thr Phe His Gly
85 90 95
Asp Pro His Ala Met Phe Ala Glu Phe Phe Gly Gly Arg Asn Pro Phe
100 105 110
Asp Thr Phe Phe Gly Gln Arg Asn Gly Glu Glu Gly Met Asp Ile Asp
115 120 125
Asp Thr Phe Ser Ser Phe Pro Met Gly Met Gly Gly Phe Thr Asn Met
130 135 140
Asn Phe Gly Arg Ser Arg Pro Ser Gln Glu Pro Thr Arg Lys Lys Gln
145 150 155 160
Asp Pro Pro Val Thr His Asp Leu Arg Val Ser Leu Glu Glu Ile Tyr
165 170 175
Ser Gly Cys Thr Lys Lys Met Lys Ile Ser His Lys Arg Leu Asn Pro
180 185 190
Asp Gly Lys Ser Ile Arg Asn Glu Asp Lys Ile Leu Thr Ile Glu Val
195 200 205
Lys Arg Gly Trp Lys Glu Gly Thr Lys Ile Thr Phe Pro Lys Glu Gly
210 215 220
Asp Gln Thr Ser Asn Asn Ile Pro Ala Asp Ile Val Phe Val Leu Lys
225 230 235 240
Asp Lys Pro His Asn Ile Phe Lys Arg Asp Gly Ser Asp Val Ile Tyr
245 250 255
Pro Ala Arg Ile Ser Leu Arg Glu Ala Leu Cys Gly Cys Thr Val Asn
260 265 270
Val Pro Thr Leu Asp Gly Arg Thr Ile Pro Val Val Phe Lys Asp Val
275 280 285
Ile Arg Pro Gly Met Arg Arg Lys Val Pro Gly Glu Gly Leu Pro Leu
290 295 300
Pro Lys Thr Pro Glu Lys Arg Gly Asp Leu Val Ile Glu Phe Glu Val
305 310 315 320
Ile Phe Pro Glu Arg Ile Pro Val Ser Ser Arg Thr Ile Leu Glu Gln
325 330 335
Val Leu Pro Ile
340
<210> 14
<211> 1023
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 14
atgggcaagg actactatca gacgctgggc ctggcccgcg gcgcgtccga cgacgagatc 60
aagcgagcct accgccgcca ggcgctgcgc taccacccgg acaagaacaa ggagcccggc 120
gctgaggaga agttcaagga gatcgccgag gcctacgacg tgctcagcga cccgcgcaag 180
cgcgagattt tcgaccgcta tggagaggaa ggcctgaagg gtggtagccc cagtggagga 240
agcagtggtg gtgctaatgg tacctctttc agctacacat tccacggaga cccccatgcc 300
atgtttgctg agttcttcgg tggcagaaac ccctttgata ccttttttgg gcagcgcaac 360
ggggaagaag gcatggacat tgatgacaca ttctctagct ttccaatggg tatgggtggc 420
ttcaccaaca tgaactttgg acgttcccgc ccttctcaag agcccacccg gaagaagcaa 480
gatcctccag tcacccatga ccttcgggtc tcccttgaag agatctacag cggctgtacc 540
aagaagatga aaatctccca caagcggctg aaccctgatg gaaagagcat tcgaaatgaa 600
gataagatcc tgaccatcga agtgaagagg ggctggaaag aagggaccaa aatcaccttt 660
cccaaggaag gggaccagac ctcgaacaac attccagcag acatcgtctt tgttttaaag 720
gacaagccac acaatatctt caagagagat ggttctgatg tcatctatcc agccaggatt 780
agccttcggg aggctctctg tggttgcact gtgaatgtcc ctactctgga cggcaggacc 840
atccctgttg tattcaaaga tgtcatcagg cctggtatgc ggcggaaagt ccctggagaa 900
ggcctccctc tccccaaaac acctgagaaa cgtggagacc ttgttatcga gtttgaagtg 960
atcttcccgg aaaggattcc cgtctcatcc agaaccatcc tggagcaggt tcttcccata 1020
tag 1023
<210> 15
<211> 180
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 15
gctggattct ttaaaagaca gtacaaatct atcctacaag aagaaaacag gagagacagc 60
tggagttatg tcaacagcaa aagcaatgat gactgaagac ttctacactg agagaactga 120
aaaactcagg ttaggaaaaa gaaatcctgt tcagaagacc cgtcagaatt tcttcttttt 180
<210> 16
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 16
ctatcctaca agaagaaaac agg 23
<210> 17
<211> 119
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 17
tttcaggctg gattctttaa aagacagtac aaatctatcc tacaagaaga aaacgcgaga 60
gacagctgga gttatgtcaa cagcaaaagc aatgatgact gaagacttct acactgaga 119
<210> 18
<211> 32
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 18
Lys Ala Gly Phe Phe Lys Arg Gln Tyr Lys Ser Ile Leu Gln Glu Glu
1 5 10 15
Asn Arg Arg Asp Ser Trp Ser Tyr Val Asn Ser Lys Ser Asn Asp Asp
20 25 30
<210> 19
<211> 24
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 19
Lys Ala Gly Phe Phe Lys Arg Gln Tyr Lys Ser Ile Leu Gln Glu Glu
1 5 10 15
Asn Arg Arg Asp Ser Trp Ser Tyr
20
<210> 20
<211> 15
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 20
Lys Ala Gly Phe Phe Lys Arg Gln Tyr Lys Ser Ile Leu Gln Glu
1 5 10 15
<210> 21
<211> 7
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 21
Lys Ala Gly Phe Phe Lys Arg
1 5
Claims (19)
1.一种体外调控免疫细胞迁移的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用以促进免疫细胞定向迁移的步骤,或减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间相互作用以下调免疫细胞的定向迁移能力的步骤;其中所述方法包括:
(I)通过在所述免疫细胞中过表达Hsp90突变蛋白的方式增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用以促进免疫细胞定向迁移,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述Hsp90突变蛋白在其C端缺失野生型Hsp90蛋白C端的最后49个氨基酸;或
(II)通过以下任意一种或多种方式减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用以下调免疫细胞的定向迁移能力:(1)在野生型免疫细胞中,表达与α4整合素蛋白相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述Hsp90突变蛋白缺少野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域和/或C端结构域;和(2)在野生型免疫细胞中,表达与Hsp90蛋白相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白,其中,与野生型α4整合素相比,所述α4整合素突变蛋白在野生型α4整合素胞内段的ENRRDSWSY基序中,第3位的R突变为A;
其中,所述野生型Hsp90蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、3、5或7所示;所述野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域为SEQ ID NO:1第1-233位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:3第1-228位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:5第1-233位氨基酸残基或SEQ ID NO:7第1-228位氨基酸残基;所述野生型Hsp90的C端结构域为SEQ ID NO:1第566-733位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:3第557-724位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:5第565-732位氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO:7第557-724位氨基酸残基;
其中,所述野生型α4整合素的基因登录号为GeneID: 16401或GeneID: 3676。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述ENRRDSWSY基序中还发生第7位的W突变为A和/或第9位的Y突变为A的取代突变。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用进一步包括在所述免疫细胞中过表达α4整合素和/或将免疫细胞置于38.5~40℃的温度下,从而增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用;或
所述减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间相互作用进一步包括敲除或敲低免疫细胞中α4整合素表达来减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
(I)所述的方法使用选自以下的载体处理免疫细胞,从而增强免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用:所述Hsp90突变蛋白的表达载体和所述Hsp90突变蛋白的整合载体;或
(II)所述的方法采用以下方式减弱免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间相互作用:在免疫细胞中转入基因插入载体,以在敲除野生型Hsp90的编码序列的同时将与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白的表达框整合到免疫细胞的基因组中,减弱或破坏免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,(I)还包括使用α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体处理免疫细胞的步骤。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,(II)还包括在免疫细胞中转入基因敲除载体,以敲除所述免疫细胞中α4整合素表达。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,(II)还包括:在免疫细胞中转入基因插入载体、以在敲除α4整合素的编码序列的同时将与Hsp90蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白的表达框整合到免疫细胞的基因组中,减弱或破坏免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,(II)还包括:采用ZFN、TALEN或CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除对象免疫细胞α4整合素的表达。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,(II)还包括:通过干扰RNA介导的基因沉默敲低α4整合素的表达。
10.一种基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,与野生型免疫细胞相比,该基因工程免疫细胞具有增强或减弱的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用;其中:
(a)所述基因工程免疫细胞过表达Hsp90突变蛋白,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述Hsp90突变蛋白在其C端缺失野生型Hsp90蛋白C端的最后49个氨基酸;或
(b)所述基因工程免疫细胞:(1)与野生型免疫细胞相比,表达具有使该免疫细胞中Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用减弱或消失的突变的Hsp90蛋白,其中,与野生型Hsp90蛋白相比,所述突变的Hsp90蛋白缺少野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域和/或C端结构域;和/或,(2)表达具有使该免疫细胞中Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用减弱或消失的突变型α4整合素,其中,与野生型α4整合素相比,所述突变型α4整合素在野生型α4整合素胞内段的ENRRDSWSY基序中发生R985A取代突变;
其中,所述野生型Hsp90蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1、3、5或7所示;所述野生型Hsp90蛋白的N端结构域为SEQ ID NO:1第1-233位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:3第1-228位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:5第1-233位氨基酸残基或SEQ ID NO:7第1-228位氨基酸残基;所述野生型Hsp90的C端结构域为SEQ ID NO:1第566-733位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:3第557-724位氨基酸残基、SEQ ID NO:5第565-732位氨基酸序列或SEQ ID NO:7第557-724位氨基酸残基;
其中,所述野生型α4整合素的基因登录号为GeneID: 16401或GeneID: 3676。
11.如权利要求10所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,所述ENRRDSWSY基序中还发生第7位的W突变为A和/或第9位的Y突变为A的取代突变。
12.如权利要求10所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(a)所述的基因工程免疫细胞还过表达α4整合素。
13.如权利要求10所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(a)所述的基因工程免疫细胞含有选自以下的载体:Hsp90突变蛋白的表达载体和Hsp90突变蛋白的整合载体。
14.如权利要求13所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(a)所述的基因工程免疫细胞还含有:
α4整合素的表达载体和/或整合载体;和/或
Hsp90蛋白的表达载体和/或整合载体。
15.如权利要求10所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(b)所述的基因工程免疫细胞:转入了基因插入载体,敲除了野生型Hsp90的编码序列,同时将与α4整合素蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的Hsp90突变蛋白的表达框整合到了该细胞的基因组中,减弱或破坏了该细胞内的Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
16.如权利要求15所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(b)所述的基因工程免疫细胞还包括:在免疫细胞中转入了基因敲除载体,敲除了所述免疫细胞中α4整合素表达。
17.如权利要求15所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(b)所述的基因工程免疫细胞还包括:采用ZFN、TALEN或CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除了免疫细胞α4整合素的表达。
18.如权利要求15所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(b)所述的基因工程免疫细胞还包括:通过干扰RNA介导的基因沉默敲低了α4整合素的表达。
19.如权利要求15所述的基因工程免疫细胞,其特征在于,(b)所述的基因工程免疫细胞还包括:在免疫细胞中转入了基因插入载体,敲除了α4整合素的编码序列,同时将与Hsp90蛋白的相互作用减弱或消失的α4整合素突变蛋白的表达框整合到了免疫细胞的基因组中,减弱或破坏了免疫细胞内Hsp90与α4整合素之间的相互作用。
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