CN111195298A - Composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111195298A
CN111195298A CN202010095838.9A CN202010095838A CN111195298A CN 111195298 A CN111195298 A CN 111195298A CN 202010095838 A CN202010095838 A CN 202010095838A CN 111195298 A CN111195298 A CN 111195298A
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composition
intestinal flora
food allergy
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CN111195298B (en
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刘翼翔
马玉
李东慧
王彦波
傅玲琳
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Jimei University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 5-25 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 15-25 parts of stachyose, 1-20 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 1-20 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1-10 parts of chlorogenic acid, 0.1-1.5 parts of fucoxanthin, 0.1-1.5 parts of zinc gluconate and 0.1-1.5 parts of vitamin C. The composition can achieve the effect of preventing and treating food allergy by improving the intestinal flora and repairing the intestinal barrier function. The composition can be used for preparing nourishment, health-care food or medicines for preventing and treating food allergy.

Description

Composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of health-care food, in particular to a composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the number of food allergy people has increased dramatically due to factors such as dietary structure, environmental changes, and the use of antibiotic drugs. Studies have shown that approximately 8% of children in the united states are allergic to food (Gupta et al, 2011); the proportion of food allergies in european populations is up to 6% (nwau et al, 2014); the incidence of food allergies in australian children 1 year old reaches 11% (Peters et al, 2017). In our country, the prevalence of food allergy has increased from 3.5% in 1999 to 7.7% in 2009 (Hu et al, 2010). More and more researches show that the occurrence and development of food allergy are closely related to the structure of intestinal flora. The location where allergens in food are digested and absorbed is the intestinal tract, where there are thousands of commensal microorganisms. A large number of studies show that human intestinal microorganisms play an important role in the immune system of the intestinal mucosa of an organism, can promote the internal local area to maintain balance, and can regulate the immune response to antigens at the periphery of the mucosa. Furthermore, gut microbes are able to hydrolyze or modify allergens, which changes their immunogenicity. Researches prove that the healthy flora can effectively prevent food allergy, not only can induce food antigen specificity Treg and adjust allergic effect cells such as basophilic granulocyte by adjusting modes such as intestinal immune cell antigen intake and presentation, but also can reduce the food antigen from entering a circulatory system by inducing intestinal barrier protection response, thereby reducing sensitization. Therefore, the regulation of intestinal flora can realize effective prevention and treatment of food allergy.
The products currently used to regulate the intestinal flora are mainly components of the probiotic, polysaccharide or dietary fibre type. The survival rate of the probiotics under the strong acid condition is low, the pH value of the stomach acid environment of a human body is 2 generally, and the survival rate of the probiotics after being digested by the stomach is low, so that the effect of improving intestinal flora by supplementing the probiotics is greatly reduced, and the ideal effect is difficult to achieve. Although the polysaccharide or dietary fiber prebiotics can promote the growth of intestinal probiotics, part of microorganisms which promote food allergy can also utilize the growth, and particularly, the effect of inhibiting food allergy is more difficult to achieve when the organism is already in an allergic condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the existing product has poor food allergy prevention and treatment effects by adjusting intestinal flora, and provides a composition which is green, safe, suitable for various people to take for a long time, has side effects on human bodies, can effectively adjust the intestinal flora and prevent and treat food allergy, has an obvious food allergy prevention and treatment effect, can effectively improve the intestinal function, and has a certain immunoregulation effect.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy, which comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy. The method is simple and efficient, and is suitable for industrial production.
The invention also protects the application of the composition for regulating the intestinal flora and preventing and treating the food allergy, and is used for preparing nourishment, health-care food or medicine for regulating the intestinal flora and/or preventing and treating the food allergy.
The invention also protects a nutriment, health food or medicine containing the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy, which can be in the form of powder, tablets, granules, capsules or pills.
The invention takes the bamboo shoot polysaccharide oligomer and the stachyose as prebiotics to promote the growth of intestinal probiotics; the oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide and the moringa seed polyphenol extract can selectively inhibit microorganisms which promote food allergy, but have no influence on probiotics; chlorogenic acid, herba Houttuyniae extract, and fucoxanthin have effects of relieving inflammation, repairing intestinal mucosa, and enhancing barrier function of intestinal epithelium; the zinc gluconate and the vitamin C have the function of immunoregulation and improve the immune tolerance of the organism. Therefore, the invention effectively improves the effects of improving the intestinal flora structure and preventing and treating food allergy of the product by optimizing the formula design, and has wide market prospect.
The specific scheme is as follows:
the composition for regulating the intestinal flora and preventing and treating the food allergy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 5-25 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 15-25 parts of stachyose, 1-20 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 1-20 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1-10 parts of chlorogenic acid, 0.1-1.5 parts of fucoxanthin, 0.1-1.5 parts of zinc gluconate and 0.1-1.5 parts of vitamin C.
Further, the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 8-20 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 10-22 parts of stachyose, 5-18 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 3-15 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1-8 parts of chlorogenic acid, 0.1-1.2 parts of fucoxanthin, 0.1-1.2 parts of zinc gluconate and 0.1-1.2 parts of vitamin C.
Further, the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 10 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 20 parts of stachyose, 15 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 5 parts of chlorogenic acid, 1 part of fucoxanthin, 0.1 part of zinc gluconate and 1 part of vitamin C.
Furthermore, the molecular weight of the oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide is 500Da-1000 Da.
Furthermore, the molecular weight of the oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide is 600Da-1000Da, the content of sulfate groups is more than or equal to 10 mass percent, and the content of ash is less than or equal to 1 mass percent.
Further, the sulfated polysaccharide is derived from edible marine brown algae, marine red algae or microspherococcus;
optionally, the total phenol content of the moringa seed polyphenol extract is more than or equal to 30 mass percent;
optionally, the houttuynia cordata extract is dry powder obtained by crushing, extracting with boiling water, filtering and spray drying houttuynia cordata rhizomes serving as raw materials.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy, which comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy.
The invention also protects the application of the composition for regulating the intestinal flora and preventing and treating the food allergy, and is used for preparing nourishment, health-care food or medicine for regulating the intestinal flora and/or preventing and treating the food allergy.
The invention also provides a health food for regulating intestinal flora and/or preventing and treating food allergy, which comprises the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy, and the health food is in the form of powder, tablets, granules, capsules or pills.
The invention also provides a medicament for regulating the intestinal flora and/or preventing and treating food allergy, which comprises the composition for regulating the intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy, and the medicament is in the form of powder, tablets, granules, capsules or pills.
Has the advantages that:
according to the latest research result of food allergy, starting from the interaction of food allergen allergenicity-intestinal flora-intestinal epithelial immune barrier-body immunity, the invention surrounds the key target of the intestinal flora and combines the 'cooperation' theory to regulate and control each link influencing the food allergy, thereby implementing the design of the composition for preventing and treating the food allergy: preferably, the bamboo shoot oligosaccharide and stachyose are used as prebiotics, and mainly play a role in promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics; preferably oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide and moringa seed polyphenol extract, and has the characteristic of selectively inhibiting microorganisms capable of promoting food allergy; preferably chlorogenic acid, houttuynia cordata extract and fucoxanthin, and has the effects of diminishing inflammation and repairing intestinal mucosa; preferably zinc gluconate and vitamin C, and has the functions of regulating immunity and raising immunity tolerance of body. Therefore, the composition can fundamentally improve the sensitivity of the organism to food allergens, and has the health-care functions of regulating the intestinal tract and improving the immunity after long-term use.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available. In the following examples, "%" means weight percent, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
30 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 20 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 10 parts of stachyose, 5 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 15 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1 part of chlorogenic acid, 0.1 part of fucoxanthin, 1 part of zinc gluconate and 0.1 part of vitamin C are weighed according to the proportion, and the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 2
Weighing the components according to the proportion of 15 parts by weight of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 15 parts by weight of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 15 parts by weight of stachyose, 10 parts by weight of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 10 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata extract, 3 parts by weight of chlorogenic acid, 0.5 part by weight of fucoxanthin, 0.5 part by weight of zinc gluconate and 0.5 part by weight of vitamin C, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy.
Example 3
The composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy is prepared by weighing the components according to the proportion of 20 parts by weight of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 10 parts by weight of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 20 parts by weight of stachyose, 15 parts by weight of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 5 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata extract, 5 parts by weight of chlorogenic acid, 1 part by weight of fucoxanthin, 0.1 part by weight of zinc gluconate and 1 part by weight of vitamin C, and uniformly mixing.
Example 4:
the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy is prepared by weighing 18 parts by weight of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 20 parts by weight of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 22 parts by weight of stachyose, 5 parts by weight of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 15 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata extract, 8 parts by weight of chlorogenic acid, 1 part by weight of fucoxanthin, 0.1 part by weight of zinc gluconate and 1 part by weight of vitamin C, and uniformly mixing the components.
Example 5:
30 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 8 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 10 parts of stachyose, 18 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 3 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1 part of chlorogenic acid, 0.3 part of fucoxanthin, 0.5 part of zinc gluconate and 0.5 part of vitamin C are weighed according to the proportion, and the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy is obtained after uniform mixing.
Example 6:
weighing the components according to the proportion of 15 parts by weight of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 15 parts by weight of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 15 parts by weight of stachyose, 15 parts by weight of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 8 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata extract, 4 parts by weight of chlorogenic acid, 0.6 part by weight of fucoxanthin, 0.8 part by weight of zinc gluconate and 0.6 part by weight of vitamin C, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy.
Example 7:
the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy is prepared by weighing 35 parts by weight of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 5 parts by weight of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 1 part by weight of stachyose, 20 parts by weight of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 15 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata extract, 10 parts by weight of chlorogenic acid, 1.2 parts by weight of fucoxanthin, 0.3 part by weight of zinc gluconate and 1.2 parts by weight of vitamin C, and uniformly mixing the components.
Example 8:
weighing the components according to the proportion of 15 parts by weight of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 25 parts by weight of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 15 parts by weight of stachyose, 1 part by weight of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 20 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata extract, 1 part by weight of chlorogenic acid, 1.5 parts by weight of fucoxanthin, 0.1 part by weight of zinc gluconate and 1.5 parts by weight of vitamin C, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy.
Example 9: verification of preventive Effect
And (3) testing a sample: the composition of examples 1 to 3.
Experimental animals and breeding environment: SPF grade ICR male mice, weighing 20. + -. 0.3g, were purchased from Shanghai Spiker laboratory animals, Inc. The basic feed ingredients of the mice are as follows: 64% of carbohydrate, 21% of protein, 4% of fat, 5% of fiber and 6% of water. The feed is purchased from Shanghai Si Laike laboratory animals, Inc. The temperature of the breeding room is 23 +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is 55 +/-5%.
Grouping experiments: SPF grade ICR male mice were acclimatized for one week and fed freely. One week later, the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., normal group, model group, sample group (examples 1 to 3), and 5 animals were tested per group. The dosage is 50 mg/kg.
Molding: ovalbumin (OVA) in food is used as allergen. Except for the normal group, mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 200. mu.L of allergen solution (OVA: aluminum adjuvant: PBS: 1:1 mixed solution) at a dose of 100. mu.g/mouse on days 0 and 14. From day 28 onwards, model and sample group mice were gavaged with 50mg of OVA every 3 days for a total of 5 gavages; the groups of samples were gavaged from day 27 to day 40 at the doses given. On day 41, mice were sacrificed by neck-breaking after blood was collected from the eyeballs, and serum was collected and used for allergy testing; the intestinal contents were collected and used to test for changes in intestinal flora. The serum test results are shown in table 1, and the intestinal flora analysis results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 evaluation table of serum allergy index
Grouping IgE(ng/mL) IgG1(OD450) IgG2a(OD450)
Normal group 9.8 0.23 0.12
Model set 986.7 1.34 1.23
Example 1 10.2 0.25 0.14
Example 2 8.9 0.27 0.13
Example 3 9.7 0.24 0.13
Table 2 evaluation table of intestinal flora indexes
Figure BDA0002385323200000071
Figure BDA0002385323200000081
As shown in Table 1, when mice were continuously fed the designed composition 14 at a dose of 50mg/kg, the serum levels of OVA-specific antibodies IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a were not significantly increased by 5 consecutive administrations of the allergen as compared to the normal group. It was demonstrated that food allergens did not cause allergic symptoms in mice, but the composition of the present invention was very effective in preventing food allergy from occurring. Meanwhile, the analysis of the intestinal flora indexes in table 2 shows that bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the intestinal tract of the allergic mice are remarkably reduced, and the abundance of escherichia coli bacteria is increased from 21.562% to 29.354%. After the mice take the composition designed by the invention in advance, compared with normal mice, the intestinal flora structure is not obviously damaged. The results show that the composition designed by the invention has obvious effects on preventing food allergy and maintaining intestinal flora balance.
Example 10: verification of therapeutic effects
And (3) testing a sample: the composition of examples 1 to 3.
Experimental animals and breeding environment: SPF grade ICR male mice, weighing 20. + -. 0.3g, were purchased from Shanghai Spiker laboratory animals, Inc. The basic feed ingredients of the mice are as follows: 64% of carbohydrate, 21% of protein, 4% of fat, 5% of fiber and 6% of water. The feed is purchased from Shanghai Si Laike laboratory animals, Inc. The temperature of the breeding room is 23 +/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity is 55 +/-5%.
Grouping experiments: SPF grade ICR male mice were acclimatized for one week and fed freely. One week later, the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., normal group, model group, sample group (examples 1 to 3), and 5 animals were tested per group. The dosage is 50 mg/kg.
Molding: ovalbumin (OVA) in food is used as allergen. Except for the normal group, mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 200. mu.L of allergen solution (OVA: aluminum adjuvant: PBS: 1:1 mixed solution) at a dose of 100. mu.g/mouse on days 0 and 14. From day 28 onwards, model and sample group mice were gavaged with 50mg of OVA every 3 days for a total of 8 gavages; the groups of samples were gazed from day 41 to day 49 at the given dose. On day 50, the mouse eyes were bled and then sacrificed by neck-breaking, and serum was collected and used for allergy testing; the intestinal contents were collected and used to test for changes in intestinal flora. The serum test results are shown in table 3, and the intestinal flora analysis results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 evaluation table of serum allergy index
Grouping IgE(ng/mL) IgG1(OD450) IgG2a(OD450)
Normal group 9.8 0.23 0.12
Model set 1138.4 1.46 1.47
Example 1 35.3 0.31 0.24
Example 2 43.7 0.33 0.35
Example 3 39.1 0.32 0.28
Table 4 evaluation table of intestinal flora index
Figure BDA0002385323200000091
The results in Table 3 show that after allergic mice continuously take the designed composition at the dose of 50mg/kg, the OVA-specific antibodies IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in the serum are remarkably reduced and are close to the normal level. The composition of the present invention is also effective in treating food allergy, indicating that the allergic symptoms in mice are significantly improved.
Meanwhile, the analysis of the intestinal flora indexes in table 4 shows that bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the intestinal tract of the allergic mice are remarkably reduced, and the abundance of escherichia coli bacteria is increased from 21.562% to 30.254%. After the allergic mice take the composition designed by the invention, the intestinal flora structure is obviously improved, the recovery of the abundance of the bacteria of the bifidobacterium is obvious, the bacteria of the lactobacillus are also recovered to a certain degree, and the abundance of the bacteria of the escherichia is effectively inhibited. The above results show that the composition designed by the invention is also effective in treating food allergy and improving intestinal microbial structure of allergic organisms.
Description of the drawings: in example 9, the prophylactic experiment was performed from day 27 to day 40, during which time the allergen OVA induced the allergy in mice, while in example 10, the therapeutic experiment was performed after the allergen induced the allergy in mice (day 40), followed by continuous administration for 10 days. Therefore, the two experiments are very different, which respectively show that the composition designed by the invention has very obvious effects on preventing food allergy and maintaining intestinal flora balance, and has obvious effects on treating food allergy and improving the intestinal microbial structure of allergic organisms.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy, which is characterized in that: the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 5-25 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 15-25 parts of stachyose, 1-20 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 1-20 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1-10 parts of chlorogenic acid, 0.1-1.5 parts of fucoxanthin, 0.1-1.5 parts of zinc gluconate and 0.1-1.5 parts of vitamin C.
2. The composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy according to claim 1, wherein: the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-30 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 8-20 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 10-22 parts of stachyose, 5-18 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 3-15 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 1-8 parts of chlorogenic acid, 0.1-1.2 parts of fucoxanthin, 0.1-1.2 parts of zinc gluconate and 0.1-1.2 parts of vitamin C.
3. The composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy according to claim 2, wherein: the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide, 10 parts of oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide, 20 parts of stachyose, 15 parts of moringa seed polyphenol extract, 5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 5 parts of chlorogenic acid, 1 part of fucoxanthin, 0.1 part of zinc gluconate and 1 parts of vitamin C.
4. Composition for modulating the intestinal flora and for preventing and treating food allergies according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the molecular weight of the oligomeric bamboo shoot polysaccharide is 500Da-1000 Da.
5. Composition for modulating the intestinal flora and for preventing and treating food allergies according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the molecular weight of the oligomeric sulfated polysaccharide is 600Da-1000Da, the content of sulfate groups is more than or equal to 10 mass percent, and the content of ash is less than or equal to 1 mass percent.
6. Composition for modulating the intestinal flora and for preventing and treating food allergies according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the sulfated polysaccharide is derived from edible marine brown algae, marine red algae or microspherococcus;
optionally, the total phenol content of the moringa seed polyphenol extract is more than or equal to 30 mass percent;
optionally, the houttuynia cordata extract is dry powder obtained by crushing, extracting with boiling water, filtering and spray drying houttuynia cordata rhizomes serving as raw materials.
7. A method for preparing a composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition comprises the following components: weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composition for regulating the intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy.
8. Use of a composition for modulating the intestinal flora and preventing and treating food allergy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: can be used for preparing nutritional product, health food or medicine for regulating intestinal flora and/or preventing and treating food allergy.
9. A health food for regulating intestinal flora and/or preventing food allergy, comprising the composition for regulating intestinal flora and preventing food allergy of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the health food is in the form of powder, tablet, granule, capsule, or pill.
10. A medicament for regulating the intestinal flora and/or for preventing and treating food allergy, comprising the composition for regulating the intestinal flora and for preventing and treating food allergy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the dosage form of the medicine is powder, tablets, granules, capsules or pills.
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