CN111173926A - 变速器以及机动车 - Google Patents

变速器以及机动车 Download PDF

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CN111173926A
CN111173926A CN201911083871.3A CN201911083871A CN111173926A CN 111173926 A CN111173926 A CN 111173926A CN 201911083871 A CN201911083871 A CN 201911083871A CN 111173926 A CN111173926 A CN 111173926A
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shaft
shift
sliding sleeve
transmission
shift drum
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M·雷奇
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/04—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways with a shaft carrying a number of rotatable transmission members, e.g. gears, each of which can be connected to the shaft by a clutching member or members between the shaft and the hub of the transmission member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/08—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/16—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/08—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/16—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/18—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism the final actuating mechanism comprising cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D2011/004—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts using an internal or intermediate axially slidable sleeve, coupling both components together, whereby the intermediate sleeve is arranged internally at least with respect to one of the components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • F16D23/06—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H2063/3076—Selector shaft assembly, e.g. supporting, assembly or manufacturing of selector or shift shafts; Special details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H61/2807—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted using electric control signals for shift actuators, e.g. electro-hydraulic control therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种变速器，其具有轴和支承在该轴上的惰轮以及换档离合器和操纵组件，该换档离合器用于连接惰轮与轴，该操纵组件用于操纵换档离合器，其中，操纵组件包括换档鼓，其特征在于，换档鼓布置在轴中。本发明还涉及一种机动车。

Description

变速器以及机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变速器，其具有轴和支承在轴上的工作轮以及换档离合器和操纵组件，该换档离合器用于连接惰轮与轴，该操纵组件用于操纵换档离合器，其中，操纵组件包括换档鼓。
背景技术
已知换档鼓用于操纵在变速器中的换档离合器，即，用于挂入档位。在此，换档鼓布置在一个或多个轴附近，并且用于使换档拨叉移动。此时换档拨叉使滑套移动，以挂入档位。
发明内容
基于此，本发明的目的在于给出一种更紧凑地构造的变速器。
为了解决该问题，在开头提及类型的变速器中提出，换档鼓布置在轴中。如果换档鼓处在轴中，可节省尤其否则被换档鼓占据的结构空间。即使轴的半径稍许变大，操纵组件整体上也紧凑得多地构造，从而实现结构空间节省。
优选地，换档鼓在轴向方向上固定地支承。即，换档鼓除了操纵换档离合器之外相对于壳体静止。然而，为了操纵一个或多个换档离合器，需要使换档鼓转动，其中，但换档鼓不是以轴转速转动。因此，换档鼓与轴既不是不可相对转动地连接，也不是以其他方式支承在轴处。
优选地，操纵组件可具有滑套。滑套优选地布置在轴中。滑套相对于轴优选地可沿轴向移动来支承。滑套用于将换档鼓的转动运动转变成轴向运动。为此，优选地规定，滑套具有至少一个沿径向内置的带动件，其接合到换档鼓的换档槽中。通过换档鼓的转动，可经由带动件将换档鼓的转动转变成滑套的轴向运动。因此，滑套优选地相对于变速器壳体不可相对转动地支承。
有利地，可在轴的至少一个端部处布置有支承元件，以支承换档鼓。支承元件优选地同时构造为用于滑套的扭转止动部。对此，支承元件必须允许换档鼓的转动，因为否则不可实现在换档鼓和滑套之间的相对转动。
优选地，换档鼓可具有至少一个带动区域，其从轴突出。经由该带动区域可使换档鼓转动，由此可实现滑套的轴向移动。为此，优选地，促动器与换档鼓有效连接。促动器可直接作用于换档鼓或经由例如呈齿轮的形式的传动装置与换档鼓连接。
优选地，可在轴上布置有换档套，该换档套可经由换档鼓沿轴向移动。有利地，换档套可经由带动件、例如一个或多个带动销接合到滑套中，并且因此建立在换档鼓和换档套之间的连接。通过在滑套中设置连续环绕的槽，尤其实现在换档套和滑套之间的可转动性。因此，换档套可相对于轴不可相对转动地布置，并且通过该轴相对于滑套和换档鼓任意转动。
本发明还涉及一种具有变速器的机动车。机动车的特征在于，变速器如上所述的那样来构造。
附图说明
从下面对实施例和附图的说明中得到本发明的其他的优点、特征和细节。其中：
图1示出了变速器，
图2示出了操纵组件的一部分，
图3示出了换档鼓，
图4示出了滑套，并且
图5示出了支承杯。
具体实施方式
图1示出了变速器1，其具有壳体2和支承在壳体2处的轴3。在轴3上布置有两个换档离合器4，为了简化图示，它们设计为爪式离合器，但是显然还可构造为同步装置，尤其构造为卡锁式同步装置。
为了挂入档位或为了操纵换档离合器4，变速器1具有操纵组件5。操纵组件5包括促动器6、连接元件7、支承杯8、换档鼓9以及两个滑套10。
促动器6使连接元件7转动。换档鼓9与连接元件7不可相对转动地连接，从而促动器6的转动使换档鼓9以限定的方式转动。借助于支承杯8，换档鼓9在轴向方向上固定、但可相对于壳体2转动地来支承。同样，轴相对于壳体固定地并且可相对于壳体2转动地来支承，但是换档鼓9和轴3相对彼此独立地支承并且尤其可相对彼此任意转动。
换档鼓9的转动经由滑套10转变成轴向运动。为此，与滑套10中的一个滑套固定连接的带动件12接合到换档鼓9的换档槽14中。
滑套10的轴向运动可经由存在于滑套10中的滑槽16传递到换档套18上，亦即通过接合到滑槽16中的销20。
滑槽16处于滑套10的周向方向上，并且允许换档套18相对于滑套10的任意的转动。尽管如此，可经由销20将滑套10的轴向运动转变成换档套18的轴向运动。
此时，换档套18可与离合器体22接合，并且由此惰轮24不可相对转动地与轴3连接。
如说明的那样，操纵组件5还可具有同步装置。它们的工作方式是众所周知的，从而为了清楚省略了它们的图示。
还指出了用于相对于壳体2支承轴的支承26、28和用于将惰轮24支承在轴3上的支承30。
图2示出了操纵组件5的一部分，亦即支承杯8连同滑套10和换档鼓9。它们在随后的三幅附图中再次更详细地进行了显示。
图3示出了换档鼓9。它具有基本上柱状的基本构造，其中，在中间区域32中存在两个换档槽14。每个换档槽14用于滑套10的运动。
换档鼓9还具有支承区域34和带动区域36。经由带动区域36可使换档鼓转动。
图4示出了滑套10。它具有凹部38，以用于固定带动件12，此外，在滑套10上在外周存在滑槽16。滑槽占据滑套的整个圆周，使得接合到滑槽16中的销20可相对于滑套整周转动。
此外，在滑套10处存在长形的凹部40，其用于扭转止动部。
图5示出了支承杯8。它包括孔眼42，以用于固定在变速器壳体2处。支承杯8还包括支承区域44，以用于支承换档鼓9和固定在支承区域处的销46，销接合到滑套10的凹部40中。通过销46实现滑套10的扭转止动。因此，支承杯8同时支承换档鼓9，并且为用于滑套10的扭转止动部。
附图标记列表
1 变速器
2 变速器壳体
3 轴
4 换档离合器
5 操纵组件
6 促动器
7 连接元件
8 支承杯
9 换档鼓
10 滑套
12 带动件
14 换档槽
16 滑槽
18 换档套
20 销
22 离合器体
24 惰轮
26 支承
28 支承
30 支承
32 中间区域
34 支承区域
36 带动区域
38 凹部
40 凹部
42 孔眼
44 支承区域
46 销

Claims (13)

1.一种变速器(1)，其具有轴(3)和支承在所述轴(3)上的惰轮(24)以及换档离合器(4)和操纵组件(5)，所述换档离合器用于连接所述惰轮(24)与所述轴(3)，所述操纵组件用于操纵所述换档离合器(4)，其中，所述操纵组件(5)包括换档鼓(9)，其特征在于，所述换档鼓(9)布置在所述轴(3)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述操纵组件(5)具有滑套(10)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述滑套(10)布置在所述轴(3)中。
4.根据权利要求2或3中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述滑套(10)不可相对转动地、但能沿轴向移动地相对于所述变速器壳体(2)得到支承。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述滑套(10)具有至少一个沿径向内置的带动件(12)，该带动件接合到所述换档鼓(9)的换档槽(14)中。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述换档鼓(9)相对于所述轴(3)能转动地布置。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，在所述轴(3)的至少一个端部处布置有用于支承所述换档鼓(9)的支承元件(8)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述支承元件(8)为用于所述滑套(10)的扭转止动部。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述换档鼓(9)具有至少一个从所述轴(3)中突出的带动区域(36)。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，促动器(6)与所述换档鼓(9)有效连接，以使所述换档鼓(9)转动。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，在所述轴(3)上布置有换档套(18)，该换档套能经由所述换档鼓(9)沿轴向移动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述换档套接合到处于所述轴中的滑套(10)中，该滑套使所述换档套(18)沿轴向移动。
13.一种机动车，其具有变速器，其特征在于，该变速器根据上述权利要求中任一项来构造。
CN201911083871.3A 2018-11-09 2019-11-07 变速器以及机动车 Pending CN111173926A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20200519