CN111165362A

CN111165362A - Construction and breeding method of yak colony house

Info

Publication number: CN111165362A
Application number: CN202010024059.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尼布
Original assignee: Shangri La Sujie Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shangri La Sujie Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-10
Filing date: 2020-01-10
Publication date: 2020-05-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction and breeding method of a yak colony house, which comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting an address; step two, designing an outer wall; step three, designing the interior of the house; a yak breeding method comprises the following steps: s01, training grass planting, livestock raising and yak raising technologies; s02, building a pollution-free yak ecological environment; s03, establishing a yak variety breeding and improving system; the construction and breeding method of the yak colony house comprises the following main construction contents of building the ecological environment of yaks, building a breeding and improving system of yak varieties, reforming the yak colony house, carrying out grass planting and livestock breeding in project areas, training a beef breeding technology and the like; based on the existing natural pasture, high-quality green feeds mainly comprising clover, ryegrass and alfalfa are artificially popularized and planted by relying on the returned grazing and returned grazing projects, mature and complete grass planting and livestock raising and yak cattle breeding production technology and process are established, and the new production value can be increased a lot every year.

Description

Construction and breeding method of yak colony house

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of yak breeding, in particular to a method for building and breeding a yak colony house.

Background

Yaks are mammals that live at the highest elevation in the world. Mainly distributed in Himalayan mountain range and Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Yak generally appears dark brown, with thick and dense hair on both sides of the body, chest, abdomen and tail, and short, thick and healthy limbs. Yak is a treasure throughout the whole body. Its wool can be used as clothes or tent, and its leather is a good material for making leather. The horn can be made into handicraft, and the bone is medicinal material. The yak meat is popular because of its tender meat, delicious taste, low fat, high protein and wild taste. The fluff is a high-grade raw material in textile industry, is bleached and reduced into camel color, can be used for replacing camel hair to be woven into sweaters and scarves, and the cowhide fluff is doped into the overcoat woolen, so that the cost is reduced, the product is stiff and smooth, and the quality is improved. Therefore, the yak breeding method has considerable economic value, and the existing breeding technology has low yield due to unreasonable colony house construction and unscientific breeding, so that the yak colony house construction and breeding method are very necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a yak colony house construction and breeding method to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a construction method of a yak colony house comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting an address; step two, designing an outer wall; step three, designing the interior of the house;

in the first step, selecting a place which is convenient for lighting and heating by sitting north to south;

in the second step, the design of the outer wall comprises the following steps:

1) the roof adopts a single slope type, three full walls are arranged on three sides, the roof is of a brick-wood structure, one half wall is arranged on the sunny side, a 1/2-2/3 ceiling is arranged on the sunny side, a proper shed incident angle is further arranged, and the incident angle of the shed is larger than or equal to the solar altitude angle in winter;

2) the wall adopts a brick wall with a front wall height of 3 meters and a rear wall height of 2 meters, a cement dado with 1-1.2 meters is smeared on the inner wall of the yak colony house, the south wall is provided with an air inlet of the shed, the height of the south wall from the ground is slightly higher than the height of a cow body, an air outlet is arranged on the lee side of the top of the shed, a wind-proof cap is arranged on the air outlet, the area of the air outlet is 20 centimeters multiplied by 20 centimeters, the area of the air inlet is half of the area of the air outlet, and an air outlet is arranged every;

3) the door is arranged in a double row mode, and the windowsill is 1.2-1.4 m higher than the ground; the ground is a cement rough ground; in the third step, the design in the house comprises the following steps:

1) cow bed: the length of the adult cow bed is 1.8-2 meters, and the width of the adult cow bed is 1.1-1.3 meters; the length of the bull bed is 2-2.2 meters, and the width of the bull bed is 1.3-1.5 meters; the length of the fattening cattle bed is 1.9-2.1 meters, and the width of the fattening cattle bed is 1.2-1.3 meters; the length of the bed for breeding cattle of more than 6 months old is 1.7-1.8 m, and the width is 1-1.2 m; the cow bed is 5 cm higher than the ground, the gentle slope is kept, and the Sanhe soil is used as the ground;

2) feeding a trough: the feeding trough is built into a fixed type or a movable type and is any one of a cement trough, an iron trough and a wood trough, the length of the feeding trough is the same as the width of a cattle bed, the width of the upper opening is 60-70 cm, the width of the lower bottom is 35-45 cm, the height of the side trough close to cattle is 40-50 cm, the height of the side trough far away from cattle is 70-80 cm, the bottom is arc-shaped, and a railing is arranged behind the feeding trough;

3) and (3) manure ditch: the manure discharging ditch is arranged between the cow bed and the channel, the width of the ditch is 35-40 cm, the depth of the ditch is 10-15 cm, the manure discharging ditch is an open ditch, and the bottom of the ditch is provided with 0.6-1% of inclination towards the manure outlet;

4) a feces clearing channel: the dung cleaning channel is built into a cement road surface, the road surface has a certain slope and is carved with lines to prevent skidding, the width of the dung cleaning channel is 1.5-2 m, and the dung cleaning channel is also left at the two ends of the cattle pen and is 1.5-2 m;

5) a feed channel: a feed channel is arranged in front of the feeding trough, and the channel is 10 cm higher than the ground. The width of the feed channel is generally 1.5-2 meters;

6) door of cowshed: the doors of the beef cattle shed are generally provided with two side doors at two ends of the shed, namely, the doors are arranged opposite to the central feed channel, the doors are also arranged at the leeward and sunny sides of the longitudinal walls of the longer cattle shed, the doors are double-push doors without sills, and the size of the doors is preferably 2-2.2 m multiplied by 2-2.2 m;

a yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

s01, training grass breeding, livestock raising and yak breeding technologies: organizing a batch of expert scholars integrating practical experience and theoretical knowledge into a whole by agricultural and pastoral departments in the state and city and project technology depending units, respectively carrying out grass planting and livestock raising, epidemic prevention and yak breeding technical training in a project area, and combining the teaching mode with on-site observation and study practice by theoretical teaching;

s02, the construction of the pollution-free yak ecological environment comprises the following steps:

1) selecting the existing natural pasture, and detecting soil and water quality;

2) selecting and introducing excellent grass seeds, performing a grass seed test, and monitoring the change of nutrient components of the finished grass after performing conventional cultivation management;

3) selecting optimum grass seeds according to the comparison detection result, and manually popularizing and planting the grass seeds by relying on returned grazing grass and returned grazing engineering;

s03, establishing a breeding and improving system of yak breeds, comprising the following steps:

1) introducing excellent yak varieties, classifying the excellent yak varieties and analyzing biological characteristics of the excellent yak varieties so as to perform professional breeding of breeding bulls, establishing a semen freezing station, and freezing and storing the collected excellent semen;

2) on the basis of the existing local yaks and the introduction of excellent yak varieties, a batch of local strong and feed-tolerant cows are selected as female parents, and artificial insemination is performed by using semen in a semen freezing station;

3) carefully feeding the born calves, and comprehensively treating diseases and insect pests until marketing.

According to the technical scheme, in the first step, the south angle of the cowshed is not more than 15 degrees at most in the east or the west, and the south angle of the cowshed is at least 10 meters without shielding of high buildings and trees.

According to the technical scheme, in the step two 1), the sunny side is open in the open air in warm seasons, the open side in cold seasons is provided with a bracket made of materials such as bamboo chips and steel bars, a single-layer or double-layer plastic film is covered on the bracket, a gap is reserved between the two layers of films, so that the cowshed is in a closed state, and the included angle between the plastic film and the ground is 55-65 degrees.

According to the technical scheme, in the step two 1), plastic films such as polyvinyl chloride and the like with high solar light transmittance and low ground long-wave radiation transmittance are selected as the plastic films, and the thickness is 80-100 micrometers.

According to the technical scheme, in the third step, the playground for feeding the cattle and the calves is provided in the vacant area between the two sheds, the surrounding fences are enclosed, the cattle are tied or scattered in the playground, and the occupied area of each cattle is as follows: adult cattle 15-20 square meters, bred cattle 10-15 square meters, and calf 5-10 square meters; the ground of the sports ground is preferably three-layer soil; meanwhile, reasonable feeding grooves and water grooves with sufficient quantity and layout are arranged on one side of the playground.

According to the technical scheme, in the step S02, the yak distribution area investigation work in the project area is completed, the file vertical coil work is established, and a planning area for artificial insemination and propagation promotion of yaks is established.

According to the technical scheme, in the step S03, a yak meat fattening technology is applied, so that the weight of 100 yaks reaches 250 kg within 18 months, and the weight of yaks reaches about 350 kg within 30 months.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the construction and breeding method of the yak colony house comprises the following main construction contents of building the ecological environment of yaks, building a breeding and improving system of yak varieties, reforming the yak colony house, carrying out grass planting and livestock breeding in project areas, training a beef breeding technology and the like; based on the existing natural pasture, high-quality green feeds mainly comprising clover, ryegrass and alfalfa are artificially popularized and planted by relying on the returned grazing and returned grazing projects, mature and complete grass planting and livestock raising and yak cattle breeding production technology and process are established, and the new production value can be increased a lot every year.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method of a yak colony house;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for building the ecological environment of the pollution-free yaks;

fig. 3 is a flow chart of the establishment of the breeding and improving system of the yak variety.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a construction method of a yak colony house comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting an address; step two, designing an outer wall; step three, designing the interior of the house;

in the first step, selecting a place which is convenient for lighting and heating by sitting north to south, wherein the south-east or west angle of the cowshed is not more than 15 degrees at most, and the cowshed is not shielded by tall buildings and trees for at least 10 meters;

in the second step, the design of the outer wall comprises the following steps:

1) the roof adopts a single slope type, three full walls are of a brick-wood structure, one half wall is arranged on the sunward side, a 1/2-2/3 ceiling is arranged on the sunward side, the sunward side is open in the open air in warm seasons, a bamboo sheet, a steel bar and other materials are used as a support on the outdoor side in cold seasons, a single-layer or double-layer plastic film is covered on the support, a gap is reserved between the two layers of plastic films, so that the cowshed is in a closed state, the included angle between the plastic film and the ground is 55-65 degrees, the plastic film is selected from polyvinyl chloride and other plastic films which have high solar light transmittance and low ground long wave radiation transmittance, the thickness is 80-100 microns, a proper shed incident angle is also set, and the incident angle of the shed is larger than or equal to the solar;

wherein, the house of raising ox, calf sets up the stadium in the vacant zone between two houses, and fence all around encloses, ties the ox or loose in it, and its every ox should the area account for be: adult cattle 15-20 square meters, bred cattle 10-15 square meters, and calf 5-10 square meters; the ground of the sports ground is preferably three-layer soil; meanwhile, a sufficient number of reasonably distributed supplementary feeding grooves and water grooves are arranged on one side of the sports ground;

referring to fig. 2-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a yak breeding method comprises the following steps:

1) finishing the investigation work of the yak distribution area in the project area, establishing file vertical coil work, establishing a planning area for artificial insemination and propagation promotion of yak, selecting the existing natural pasture, and detecting soil and water quality;

3) the method comprises the steps of carefully feeding the born calves, comprehensively treating diseases and insect pests until the calves are slaughtered, and applying a yak beef fattening technology to ensure that the weight of 100 yaks reaches 250 kilograms within 18 months and the weight of yaks reaches about 350 kilograms within 30 months.

Based on the above, the method disclosed by the invention has the main construction contents of building yak ecological environment, establishing a yak variety breeding and improving system, reforming a beef cattle barn, carrying out grass planting and livestock breeding in a project area, training a beef cattle breeding technology and the like; based on the existing natural pasture, relying on the returned grass of grazing and the returned tillage and grazing engineering, manually popularizing and planting high-quality green feed mainly comprising clover, ryegrass and alfalfa 200 mu, producing 3000 tons of fresh grass every year, establishing mature and complete breeding technology and technology for breeding grass, livestock and yak beef cattle, achieving the year culture scale of 900, ensuring that the cattle can be raised 3 years old, and the rate of being raised is over 400 years old, and ensuring that the rate of being raised is over 40%; in the third year, high-quality yak meat with the weight of more than 52500 kilograms can be supplied to the market all the year round. The yield value can be increased by 158 ten thousand yuan per year according to the sale price of 30 yuan per kilogram of beef.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method of a yak colony house comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting an address; step two, designing an outer wall; step three, designing the interior of the house; the method is characterized in that:

in the second step, the design of the outer wall comprises the following steps:

6) door of cowshed: the doors of the beef cattle shed are generally provided with two side doors at two ends of the shed, namely, the doors are arranged opposite to the central feed channel, the doors are also arranged at the leeward and sunny sides of the longitudinal walls of the longer cattle shed, the doors are double-push doors without sills, and the size of the doors is preferably 2-2.2 m multiplied by 2-2.2 m.

2. A yak breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s01, organizing a batch of expert scholars integrating practical experience and theoretical knowledge through the agriculture and animal husbandry departments in the state and the project technology depending units, respectively carrying out grass planting, livestock breeding, epidemic prevention and yak breeding technical training in the project area, and combining the teaching mode with the on-site observation and study practice by theoretical teaching;

3. The yak colony house construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the angle of the south of the cowshed to the east or the west is not more than 15 degrees at most, and the south of the cowshed is at least 10 meters without shielding of high buildings and trees.

4. The yak colony house construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step two 1), the sunny side is open in the open air in warm seasons, the open air side is provided with a bracket made of materials such as bamboo chips, steel bars and the like in cold seasons, a single-layer or double-layer plastic film is covered on the bracket, a gap is reserved between the two layers of films, so that the cowshed is in a closed state, and the included angle between the plastic film and the ground is 55-65 degrees.

5. The yak house construction method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein: in the second step 1), the plastic film is made of polyvinyl chloride or other plastic films with high solar light transmittance and low ground long-wave radiation transmittance, and the thickness is 80-100 microns.

6. The yak colony house construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the house for breeding the cattle and the calves is provided with a playground in an unoccupied zone between the two houses, the surrounding fences are enclosed, the cattle are tied or scattered in the playground, and the occupied area of each cattle is as follows: adult cattle 15-20 square meters, bred cattle 10-15 square meters, and calf 5-10 square meters; the ground of the sports ground is preferably three-layer soil; meanwhile, reasonable feeding grooves and water grooves with sufficient quantity and layout are arranged on one side of the playground.

7. The yak breeding method of claim 2, wherein: in the step S02, the yak distribution area investigation work in the project area is completed, the archive vertical scroll work is established, and a planning area for artificial insemination and propagation promotion of yak beef cattle is established.

8. The yak breeding method of claim 2, wherein: in the step S03, a yak meat fattening technology is applied to ensure that the weight of 100 yaks reaches 250 kilograms within 18 months of age, and the weight of yaks reaches about 350 kilograms within 30 months of age.