CN1111564A - 在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法及装置 - Google Patents
在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法,包括一个利
用施加高压流体射流产生表面糙度及消除变质表面
微粒的步骤。
Description
本发明涉及橡胶材料的胶合,尤其是涉及在胶合前、构成轮胎的硫化橡胶材料表面的处理方法。
轮胎的热补包括去除胎面,即利用处理操作去掉旧的剩余滚动区带,然后放置一个新的滚动区带。热补必须在所述轮胎顶部材料及新的预硫化或未预硫化的滚动区带之间建立良好的机械连接。
为了实现这种机械连接,通常在顶部及新的滚动区带之间插放一层未硫化的粘接生橡胶。因此,当用预硫化的滚动区带修复轮胎时,在以粘接生橡胶(未硫化)为一方,以顶部材料及新的滚动区带(已硫化)为一方,以顶部材料及新的滚动区带(已硫化)为一方,这二方之间应能获得极佳的胶合。
同样在轮胎修理时,在除掉损伤部分的损伤区域材料与带有加强件或不带有加强件的未硫化修补材料或硫化“补片”之间也应获得极佳的胶合。
为了获得这种良好的胶合,尤其应使硫化材料表面干净,或是去除表面氧化或变质微粒或是具有合适的糙度,并应使其与未硫化材料在良好条件、尤其是施加表面压力下形成接触。
在轮胎热补情况下,用于除去旧滚动区带剩余部分的处理可用多种方式实现。第一种方法在于使用一种“梳理机”。这种机器作为旋转研磨工具使用,在其外圆周上具有研磨齿的金属圆盘装置,这些圆盘是垂直一公共转轴组装的。这种梳理可去除旧滚动区带的剩余部分并使轮胎构架顶部带来所希望的几何形状,并同时使橡胶表面得到适于以后胶合的糙度。一个合适的糙度例子是由“橡胶制造协会”(RMA)为热补及修理轮胎设立的参考样板来提供的。这种梳理处理方式即简单又有效,是广为使用的。但是它具有缺点,即,使橡胶表面带来很大的热量,可能使其变质,并产生了大量的橡胶碎屑,必须用抽吸排走,并对操作人员带来了困难的工作条件,因为由噪音及橡胶粉末带来了污染。
另一种方法是用冷的或热的刮刀去除旧滚动区带的剩余部分,但在这样处理后,所获得的橡胶表面很平滑,以致需要后置的刷或梳理操作,来产生对于胶合的良好可靠性实际上必须的表面糙度。
在轮胎顶部及新滚动区带之间机械连接的苛刻区域是位于所述新滚动区带两个侧边的区域。根据所使用的滚动区带的几何形状,有平带、带档边的带、弧形带……,侧边或挡边或“侧翼”是与轮胎的顶部或肩部相连接的。这个区域在轮胎滚动时承受很大的机械应力,并可观察到所有胶合缺陷显现出来,然后这些裂口扩大。这些裂口可能沿粘接生橡胶与顶部或与滚动区带之间的交界传播,它也可能直接地透入到顶部或肩部的材料中。
本发明的目的是提供在胶合前硫化橡胶表面处理的处理方法及装置,它能使这些表面清洁并产生适于极佳胶合的糙度,而且不需要实行梳理或刷的操作。
这种处理方法应用于轮胎热补、轮胎修理、制造预硫化的滚动区带及制造新轮胎,构成了本发明的另外目的。
在热补的情况下,本发明的特定目的是在位于新滚动区带两侧边与顶部或肩部之间的区域中实现极佳的胶合。
我们将轮胎的“构架”指为:已跑废的轮胎、它的旧滚动区带剩余部分已被处理操作去掉了,或是新的轮胎,其中仅是缺少滚动区带。
根据本发明的在胶合前、硫化橡胶表面的处理方法,包括一个利用施加高压流体射流产生表面糙度及清除变质表面微粒的步骤。
这种在胶合前硫化橡胶的处理方法具有的优点是,给予了干净的表面、消除了污染,并且其表面具有细致及均匀的糙度、适于极佳质量的胶合。
根据本发明的施加高压水射流的多种操作条件可以产生这样的表面糙度。
根据一种优选实施方式,与采用的流体射流方向垂直的流体射流的截面具有一个明显椭圆的形状,其椭圆长轴与椭圆短轴之比大于6。
这种“扁平”的流体最好这样地施加,即所述流体射流相对所述橡胶表面的移动方向是与所述流体射流截面的所述椭圆的长轴相垂直的。
利用这种扁平的、相对处理橡胶表面的相对移动方向定位的流体射流时时刻刻地处理所述橡胶表面,而且这种处理在超出所述橡胶表面的外表区域时也不会失效。
根据待处理硫化橡胶的材料特性,流体的供给压力在100至250MPa之间。为了避免具有这样高压的流体射流的施加使被处理橡胶表面切开,非常重要的一点是流体射流与被处理表面之间的相对移动速度要高,适合的速度在50与300m/mn(米/分钟)之间。
根据本发明另一特征,高压流体以8至20mm之间的距离喷射到所述硫化橡胶的表面。
最后,所施加的压力流体最好为水。
本发明的目的还在于提供实施上述在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法的装置。该装置使用了一种流体增压装置,它包括所述硫化橡胶表面的相对于所述喷嘴的位移及支承装置。所述喷嘴具有的输出所述流体的出孔是一个锥面及一个二面角相交获得的,所述锥面的轴线垂直于所述二面角的两平面之交线。
根据另一个特征,所述出孔在与所述锥面的轴垂直的面上的投影具有椭圆形状,其椭圆的长轴与椭圆短轴之比为1.4数量级。
有利的是,所述锥面之顶角在25°及35°之间,而所述二面角之夹角在65°及70°之间。
根据一个优选实施方式,所述喷嘴的出孔的投影面之椭圆的长轴的长度在0.30及0.40mm之间。
本发明的目的还在于首先将该方法应用于轮胎的热补。这种轮胎热补方法的特征是,在利用公知方式的处理去掉剩余旧滚动区带以后及在施加新的滚动区带以前,利用施加高压流体射流来准备所述轮胎的顶部及肩部表面。
这种方法尤其指出,在处理待热补的轮胎顶部时,利用刮刀来实现去胎面。这样处理出来的表面尤为光滑,因此可承受高压流体射流的处理,而不需要使用为梳理或刷的处理。
橡胶表面糙度可以借助于激光表面光洁度仪的测量来表征。这种仪器尤其是测量参数Ra:在给定求值长度1m下的所有粗糙轮廓值的算术平均值(DIN4768)。
根据本发明的在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法在热补方面的应用,还具有的特征是,在处理后,轮胎构架的顶部表面的糙度Ra为大于或等于10微米。
本发明的方法也可应用于修理轮胎。这种轮胎修理方法的特征是,在用公知方法去掉所述轮胎的损坏区域及变质材料以后,及在所述损坏区域上施加补充材料或补片以前,利用施加高压流体射流来处理所述区域。
本发明的目的还在于提供制造预硫化滚动区带的方法,其特征是,在硫化模压后,所述滚动区带的基底表面接受高压流体射流处理。
这种制造预硫化滚动区带的方法可方便及有利地包括所述滚动区带内侧边及外侧边的处理。
这种方法的优点在于,将与粘接生橡胶接触的所有表面均受到处理,尤其是对于当构架与滚动区带的组合的后置热压阶段时所述粘接生橡胶超出所述滚动区带的外侧边的情况。
如果制造所述滚动区带的方法会引起在至少其一个侧边的位置上产生模压毛刺时,根据本发明的方法可包括一个借助高压流体射流切割所述毛刺的阶段。
因此,不再有毛刺会诱发出裂口,故构架及滚动区带之间的机械连接可靠性大大增强了。
最后,根据本发明的方法可有利地应用于新轮胎的制造。根据这种方法,在制造预硫化的轮胎构架及预硫化的滚动区带后,及在它们利用公知方式组合以前,利用高压流体射流处理所述构架的顶部及肩部表面。
以下的附图表示根据本发明的在胶合前的表面的处理方法及实施该方法的装置:
图1是用于实施根据本发明的轮胎构架处理方法的装置原理图;
图2是施加高压流体射流的喷嘴的轴向剖面图;
图3是从图2箭头E所指方向观察的施加高压流体射流的喷嘴的另一轴向剖视图;
图4是从图3中箭头F所指方向观察的使流体输出喷嘴的出孔的视图;
图5表示根据本发明处理前的由光滑模热压出的滚动区带样品的粗糙轮廓;
图6是在处理后胶合前的与以上相似的样品的粗糙轮廓,其中纵座标比例精细四倍;
图7是橡胶制造协会的参考试样,即试样RM3的粗糙轮廓,其中比例同图6中的比例;
图8表示传统热补方法的步骤;
图9表示利用根据本发明的处理方法的热补方法的步骤;
图10是轮胎局部分解的轴向剖面图;
图11是用于构架热补的预硫化及预模压的、称为“平带”的滚动区带的截面图;
图12表示用于根据本发明的处理的保持平带的装置;
图13表示平带基底的一个边的处理方法;
图14表示在平带及构架顶部和肩部之间热压以后获得的机械连接侧边的横截面;
图15是图14的变型,表示粘接生橡胶覆盖到滚动区带外端侧的情况;
图16是环形预硫化及预模压滚动区带底基的一个边的处理方法;
图17是类似与图14的一个截面图,表示环形滚动区带的情况。
在图1上表示出用于实施本发明的轮胎构架处理方法的装置。
该装置包括一个增压及供给压力流体(Jet-Edgen°36-100)的泵(来示出),及一个终止于一喷嘴2上的供流管1。
轮胎构架3放置在机架4上,所述构架由四个旋转的圆柱形支承5驱动旋转,在任何情况下,在施加压力流体射流开始前,就已经使轮胎构架转动。
喷嘴2固定在一个机器人7的手臂6上,该手臂可以用规定的线速度沿相对轮胎构架3的内、外表面的确定轨迹移动。
所用的流体是水。
该装置的特征在于,很大的使用灵合性:水射流的特性(供给压力、水流量)及它的施加(距离、轨迹及相对移动速度)是可调节的。
在喷嘴外侧的压力水出口10的几何形状是一个锥面8及二面角9相交的结果。所述锥面8的轴垂直于所述二面角9的两个面的相交线(图2至4)。
锥面8的顶角优选在25°及35°之间,二面角9的夹角在65°及70°之间。
出口10沿锥面8的轴方向的投射面具有椭圆形状,该椭圆具有的椭圆长轴与椭圆短轴之比为1.4的数量级。这个椭圆长轴的长度在0.3及0.4mm之间。
喷头2例如是由钢制1成的。
这种几何构型的优点在于获得了一种“扁平”的水射流,通常离开喷嘴约12mm距离上的水射流区域呈现明显的椭圆形状,该椭圆具有的长轴为10mm数量级,而其短轴为1.5mm的数量级。其“有效”宽度,也就是施加的水压力为最大的区域约为3至4mm。
当水射流施加到橡胶表面上时,与二面角9的两平面的交线平行的椭圆长轴垂直于相对水射流移动的、被处理的橡胶表面的移动方向。这使得在任何时刻,明显地增大了由具有水射流及橡胶表面之间相对给定移动速度的水射流处理的橡胶表面。
根据本发明在胶合前实现橡胶表面的处理可以具有多种操作条件。但以下的条件是在使用象为上所述的喷嘴2时是特别适合的,并在以下的试验中已被使用:
-水供给压力自150至250Mpa间可改变;
-喷嘴至处理表面之间的距离为12mm;
-硫化橡胶表面行进速度为100m/mn(米/分钟);
-喷嘴的移动速度为1mm/s(此速度通常的硫化橡胶表面行进速度)。
在根据本发明的处理前及后的橡胶表面的糙度以参数Ra,Rmax,s来表征,这些是借助于一激光表面光洁度仪及求值长度为48mm来取得的。
-Ra:根据DIN4768(德国工业标准)的平均糙度,是在求值长度1m=48mm下的所有粗糙轮廓值的算术平均值;
-Rmax:最大糙度,在所有求值长度1m=48mm上粗糙轮廓的最高点及最低点之间的垂直距离;
-S:峰值数,超过一确定剖线的轮廓升高次数,这里剖线在粗糙轮廓平均线两边20微米处。
为了评价所获得的表面糙度的特性,人们还使用由橡胶制造协会(Rubber Manufacturers Association)提议的一种参考表面作为特征,该表面以下被称为“样板RMA”。
图5至7表示在以下试样上测得的粗糙轮廓:
-试样1:在根据本发明处理前的轮胎滚动区带的混合物试样,它是直接由平滑模热压出来的(图5)(比例为:横座标1mm为500μm,纵座标1mm为2.5μm);
-试样2:该滚动区带的同样混合物试样,在根据本发明用200Mpa压力水处理后的表面(图6)(比例为:横座标1mm为500μm,纵座标1mm为10μm);
-试样3:一个样板RMA3的表面,由对轮胎热补建议的梳理产生的糙度(图7)(比例为:横座标1mm为500μm,纵座标1mm为10μm)。
下表表示各个试样糙度参数值的结果值。
表1: 混合物试样表面糙度的参数值
试样1 | 试样2 | 试样3 | |
Ra(μm) | 2,0 | 13,9 | 63,8 |
Rmax(μm) | 33,7 | 168,9 | 363,8 |
S(±20μm) | 1 | 89 | 36 |
这些测量值表明,对于一个实质平滑的表面使用根据本发明的表面处理可以达到Ra的数量级为13.9μm。相对于试样RUA3,可以看出该Ra及Rmax的值还是非常小的,但具有最大数目的峰值数S。这表明由根据本发明的处理所获得的糙度比热补梳理得到更细微及更规律的粗糙性。由图6及7表示的粗糙轮廓证明了这一点。
此外,所获得的最大糙度表明处理的效果在深度上被限制在被处理橡胶表面的十分之几毫米上。
利用该处理的硫化橡胶试样或刷处理或梳理的试样在试验室作出的传统胶合试验,它们是在最佳的实施条件下作出的,证实了利用根据本发明处理获得的胶合质量。
根据本发明的硫化橡胶表面的处理方法特别适用于轮胎的热补及修理。
图8表示当轮胎热补时传统的相继操作程序。在用于清洁的刷净轮胎胎缘12及侧面11后,进行除去胎面,即借助梳理装置将滚动区带15的剩余部分除去。然后检查构架3并“切除”损坏处,这就是说用一个硬刷子或一个小梳理机刷梳去除所有的损坏材料。在切除后便是用软刷来刷除由硬刷热擦伤的材料部分并清洁所有的带碎屑的及粉末的空穴。在附加的除尘后,在损坏区域上施加橡胶胶水,以便易于后来的表面胶合。在胶水干燥后,在同样表面上施加修补材料或补片:损坏处施加生橡胶。然后,在顶部14整个一圈上涂橡胶胶水,在胶水干燥后,在顶部14的表面放置粘接生橡胶(gomme de liaison)16及新的已或未硫化的滚动区带15。最后,实现粘接生橡胶16,修补材料及如有必要时新滚动区带15的硫化。
图9表示应用本发明的表面处理的热补及修理操作。直接地利用去胎面括刀使轮胎除去胎面。然后利用具有圆柱薄片的小旋转切割工具去除损坏处。这种工具可以除去所有损坏部分及使表面显著光滑。轮胎构架3的内表面13及外表面11,12,14接着利用图1所示装置并在上述预定条件下施加高压水射流。侧面11、胎缘12及内部13用150Mpa数量级的供水压力施加水射流来处理。最后顶部14及肩部19的表面利用供水压力为200Mpa数量级施加的水射流来处理。在干燥、如烘箱中干燥后,在整个损坏表面涂一层橡胶胶水,在损坏区域上施加修补材料或补片。顶部14上涂上橡胶胶水,再将粘接生橡胶16及滚动区带15放置到构架3的顶部14上,及使粘接生橡胶16、修补材料及必要时使新的滚动区带15硫化,这些均与上述过程同样地在最后进行。
根据本发明的处理因而具有这样的优点,即可使用冷切割工具,如当去胎面时用的除去胎面的括刀或切除损坏处时用的旋转圆柱薄片工具,而不需要在以后再进行梳理或刷净操作。这就避免了设置吸尘及抽吸粉沫的装置。另一个重大的优点在于可在整个待处理表面上施以处理,不管这些面的几何形状为何。车间中的工作条件也有很大改善。
轮胎表面、侧面及内部的处理条件不及其顶部及肩部的情况严重。事实上、这些部分的处理不一定要获得所指出的表面糙度。但应该提供适于后来可能胶合修补材料或补片的表面状态。
当然、根据本发明的表面处理,在梳理的顶部表面的情况下也同样是有效的。在此情况下,可以消除明显由热量引起受损的表面微粒。这就同样地保证了整个顶部的处理,包括例如由于刻纹处的手工重刻削可能未梳理的区域。最后可使表面糙度均匀化。
此外,修理操作次数及用于每个操作必须的时间也明显地减少了。
根据本发明的处理也可应用在热补用的预模压及预硫化的滚动区带15的制造上。
对于创造适于在轮胎顶部14(图10)上后来良好胶合的表面状态实际上使用了两种方法:
-在滚动区带15硫化后,刷净所述滚动区带15的基底20然后施加一次橡胶胶水及放置一个用作保护的聚乙烯带;
-在热压前,在所述滚动区带15的基底20下放置一层酯织物,它在硫化时将紧密地胶合到所述基底20上。在施加前一刻,才揭去所述织物层,这便创造出一种适于胶合的表面糙度。
应用根据本发明的处理来制造预模压及预硫化的滚动区带15,是由在热压后施加高压水射流取代刷操作来创造适合后来胶合到轮胎构架顶部14上的表面糙度。这个方法也可有利地取代在热压前将昂贵的聚酯织物放置到滚动区带15的基底20上。
该方法也可应用到所有类型的滚动区带上,尤其是“平带”24(图11)及环形滚动区带29上。
用于实现预硫化的滚动区带、例如平带24的处理装置表示在图12上。该板带24(图11)缠绕到机架27上的一圆柱形金属箍环的内表面上。所述平带24的刻纹面对着所述金属箍环25放置。借助一个挡块26锁止平带24。并借助旋转支承28使所述圆柱形箍环25及板带24转动,然后将利用图1中所示装置加以处理。
制造预硫化的滚动区带15,24,29的方法可以方便并有利地包括所述滚动区带15,24,29的内侧边21及外侧边22的处理,这正是在刷操作时最难实现的。内侧边21就是指滚动区带的基底20的侧端,而外侧边22是指与所述滚动区带145,24,29毗邻的滚动区带的侧面端部。
这便提供了将要与粘接生橡胶16接触的整个面积上处理的优点,尤其是,在后来构架3与滚动区带的组合热压阶段中,当粘接生橡胶16伸出所述滚动区带15,24,29的侧边21,22时(图15),在滚动区带15,24,29的两侧边上苛刻区域18中的脱胶的首要原因就被消除了(图10)。
该苛刻区域18中脱胶的第二个原因是由于具有滚动区带15,24,29两个侧边上的模压毛刺23。事实上,当模压滚动区带时,可预料过多的混合橡胶材料可能流到这些侧边上并由此形成毛刺。这些毛刺为十分之儿毫米宽细小的舌状物,它们在热压后应被去掉、例如用括刀切去。
当这种切割作得不好或不完全时,毛刺的剩余部分很快成为脱胶的诱因。
滚动区带15,24,29的基底20胶合修理的过程最好包括借助压力水射流去除毛刺的阶段。
图11表示的滚动区带为一所述平带。在该情况下,毛刺23可能存在于滚动区带24的两个侧边上。为了将其割去,当处理基底20时,以处理滚动区带24端部的最严格条件施加水射流,例如降低其行进速度就足够了。
图13表示在处理带有一个模压毛刺23的平带24的基底20的侧端时喷嘴2经过的路线。在将水射流施加到模压毛刺23上时,例如降低喷嘴相对于所述毛刺表面的移动速度,足够能以非常干净的方式切去毛刺。由于以上揭示的原因,该处理包括平带外边22上的几个毫米。
图14表示组合在构架3上及热压后获得的机械连接的几何形状,粘接生橡胶16仅与根据本发明处理的硫化材料的表面相接触;但也包括在热压时由于挤压,所述粘接生橡胶16绕压到侧端22上的情况(图15)。
图16上表示出包括模压毛刺23的环形滚动区带29的处理。在此情况下,金属箍环26具有一种适合环形滚动区带29外部几何形状的构形。该金属箍环25包括一个侧向挡板31,环形滚动区带29的侧翼30将靠压在该挡板上。为了完成整个基底20的处理,喷嘴2例如在模压毛刺23的位置处经过几次,以使得所述模压毛刺靠紧金属箍环25的侧向挡板31上。将所述毛刺23紧压到挡板31的利角23上足够使该角23位置处的所述毛刺被割掉。
图17表示在具有侧翼30的这种环形带29的情况下,在热压后得到的机械连接的几何形状。这一次,粘接在橡胶16还是仅与根据本发明处理的硫化橡胶表面相接触,因此这种机械连接的可靠性是极佳的。
作出的多次试验核实了在根据本发明的处理后实现的胶合质量。
举例:
-将四个新的315/80R22.5×DA轮胎用去胎面括刀去除胎面,然后顶部表面利用施加高压水射流处理,两个轮胎是以供水压水150mpa、另两个是以供水压力230mpa处理。最后以传统方式进行热补。
在车辆上进行了多次试验,尤其是为了证实苛刻区域18的机械耐久性,没有被观察到这四个被考察轮胎的区域18(图10)上有任何的开胶。
-如上述准备的轮胎,但施加的水压力为150、200、230mpa,然后遭受顶部锤打试验,这将驱使产生裂口及在滚动区带15及顶部14之间胶合质量有缺陷的区域中很快地发展。
在所有情况,在试验后去掉轮胎胎面,没有露出任何胶合较弱的区域。
这两种试验证实了当轮胎热补时,根据本发明处理后获得的胶合质量。
-一个管状轮胎的“内部生橡胶”的修理情况,也即指一层放置在轮胎构架层下面的混合橡胶,用以取代空气室保证轮胎的密封性:
*四个轮胎均具有所述修补的内部生橡胶的同一区域。二个被刷处理成RMA2,二个施加水压力150mpa来处理。一小时后在一个刷过的轮胎及一个在压力水处理过并加橡胶胶水后的轮胎上各放置一层补片。
*在64小时后,在其余二个轮胎上加橡胶胶水后,各放置一层补片。
*四个补片以公知方式硫化,然后揭去所述补片。
*对于两个遭受刷处理的轮胎,在内部生橡胶及补片材料间的连接位置上形成了脱胶。相反地,在根据本发明处理的二个轮胎上,脱胶发生在内部生橡胶及构架层的压光处之间。
因此,这些试验表明根据本发明的处理后,补片与内部生橡胶之间的粘接质量与传统的刷处理相比具有更佳的质量。
最后,该方法还可用于制造新轮胎,在此情况下,利用光滑压模压制一个预硫化的橡胶轮胎构架3。并制作一个预模压及预硫化的滚动区带15,29,最好是环形的。然后,根据本发明处理构架3的顶部14及/或滚动区带15,29的基底20。再施加一层粘接生橡胶16。最后,利用公知方式的粘接生橡胶16的后置硫化程序实现总连接。
本发明具有的优点是,解决了当轮胎热压时受到刻纹模压束搏的问题,例如由于不能控制生橡胶的流动使加强纤维的真实位置不确定的问题,并且保证了实现极佳的轮胎质量。
Claims (17)
1、在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法,包括一个利用施加高压流体射流产生表面糙度及消除变质表面微粒的步骤。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:与流体射流施加方向垂直的流体射流的截面具有明显椭圆的形状,其椭圆的长轴与椭圆短轴之比大于6;所述流体射流相对于所述橡胶表面的移动方向是与所述流体射流截面的所述椭圆的长轴相垂直的。
3、根据权利要求1及2中一项的方法,其特征在于:所述流体供给压力在100及250mpa之间;及所述流体射流与所述硫化橡胶表面之间的相对位移速度在50及300m/mn(米/分钟)之间。
4、根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法,其特征在于:所述高压流体以8至20mm之间的距离喷射在所述硫化橡胶的表面上。
5、根据权利要求1至4中一项的方法,其特征在于:该流体是水。
6、实施根据权利要求1至5中一项的在胶合前硫化橡胶表面的处理方法的装置,其特征在于:使用了一种流体增压装置,它包括所述压力流体的供给管(1),所述管(1)终止在一个喷嘴(2)上,及包括所述硫化橡胶表面的相对于所述喷嘴(2)的位移及其支承装置;及所述喷嘴(2)具有的输出所述流体的出孔(10)是由一锥面(8)及一个二面角(9)相交获得的,所述锥面(8)的轴线垂直于所述二面角(9)的两平面之交线。
7、根据权利要求6的装置,其特征在于:所述出孔(10)在与所述锥面(8)的轴垂直的面上的投影具有椭圆的形状,其椭圆的长轴与椭圆短轴之比为1.4之数量级。
8、根据权利要求7的装置,其特征在于:所述锥面之顶角在25°及35°之间;及所述二面角(9)之夹角在65°及70°之间。
9、根据权利要求7及8中一项的装置,其特征在于:所述喷嘴(2)的出孔(10)的投影面的椭圆之长轴的长度在0.30及0.40mm之间。
10、轮胎热补的方法,其特征在于:在利用公知方式的处理去掉剩余旧滚动区带以后及在施加新的滚动区带(15,24,29)以前,利用根据权利要求1至5中一项的方法来准备所述轮胎的顶部表面(14)及肩部表面(19)。
11、根据权利要求10的热补方法,其特征在于:在处理后,轮胎构架(3)的顶部表面(14)的糙度Ra为大于或等于10微米。
12、轮胎的修理方法,其特征在于:在用公知方式去掉所述轮胎的损坏区域及变质材料以后及在所述损坏区域上施加补充材料或补片以前,利用根据权利要求1至5中一项的方法来处理所述区域。
13、制造顶模压及预硫化的滚动区带(15,24,29)的方法,其特征在于:在硫化模压后,所述滚动区带(15,24,29)的基底表面(20)利用根据权利要求1至5中一项的方法来处理。
14、根据权利要求13的制造预模压及预硫化的滚动区带(15,24,29)的方法,其特征在于:利用权利要求1至5中一项之方法处理的表面包括所述滚动区带(15,24,29)侧翼(17)的内边(21)及外边(22)。
15、根据权利要求13及14中一项的制造预模压及预硫化的滚动区带(15,24,29)的方法,其特征在于:该方法包括一个借助于压力流体射流切割所述滚动区带(15,24,29)的模压毛刺(23)的阶段。
16、制造轮胎的方法,其特征在于:在制出预硫化的滚动区带(15,24,29)及预硫化的轮胎构架(3)后,及在它们利用公知方式组合以前,利用根据权利要求1至5中一项的方法处理所述轮胎构架(3)的顶部表面(14)及肩部表面(19)。
17、根据权利要求16的制造轮胎的方法,其特征在于:所述滚动区带(15,24,29)是根据权利要求13至15中一项的方法实现的。
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CN104203496A (zh) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-12-10 | 卢卡斯·莫勒 | 由具有角插补运动的机械臂构成的轮胎胎面翻新系统 |
CN104684720A (zh) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-06-03 | 米其林集团总公司 | 翻新轮胎的方法 |
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US5759322A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
US6015468A (en) | 2000-01-18 |
EP0659544A1 (fr) | 1995-06-28 |
JP3722859B2 (ja) | 2005-11-30 |
EP0659544B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
US5944925A (en) | 1999-08-31 |
BR9405160A (pt) | 1996-11-05 |
JPH07195364A (ja) | 1995-08-01 |
TW340818B (en) | 1998-09-21 |
FR2714070A1 (fr) | 1995-06-23 |
DE69420685D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
ES2136694T3 (es) | 1999-12-01 |
US6302984B1 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
DE69420685T2 (de) | 2000-01-13 |
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