CN111153750A - Fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil and detection method - Google Patents
Fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and discloses a fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil and a detection method, wherein the fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil is a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer; the nitrogen fertilizer is 30kg of urea 667m‑2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate 30kg667m‑2. The invention was applied by comparing Suaeda heteropteraThe influence on the saline-alkali soil restoration and the improvement of physicochemical properties is promoted after different fertilizers, the economic value and the ecological value of suaeda heteroptera are excavated, and the low-cost method for restoring the coastal severe saline-alkali soil is found. In salinized soil, nitrogen fertilizer is a limiting factor that restricts the growth and salt absorption of suaeda salsa in the salinized soil. In the range of 0-450 kg hm‑2Within the range, the biomass of each part of the suaeda salsa is in a linear increasing trend along with the nitrogen dressing amount, the nitrogen dressing fertilizer can promote the biological repair of the suaeda salsa on the saline soil, and the total salt content and Na in the soil on the surface layer of the soil+、K+The content is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a fertilizer for promoting suaeda glauca to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil and a detection method.
Background
The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the United nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.54 hundred million hm2. The total area of the saline-alkali soil in China is 0.99 hundred million hm2Wide distribution and large quantity, and about 80 percent of saline-alkali soil is not developed and utilized. Shandong province is one of the largest provinces of coastal saline-alkali soil, the coastal saline-alkali soil is mainly concentrated in yellow river delta areas, and the soil salinization phenomenon is serious due to the fact that the terrain is flat and the drainage is poor and the side seepage of yellow river water and the infiltration of seawater are caused. The moisture soil in the yellow river delta accounts for 47.75 percent of the total soil area, the saline soil accounts for 47.37 percent of the total area, and the saline soil and the salinized soil are more than 70 percent.
The saline-alkali soil has a series of deterioration of physical properties of the soil due to accumulation of a large amount of salt in the soil: the soil structure is poor, the ventilation is poor, the soil temperature rises slowly, the soil available oxygen activity is low, the nutrient release is slow, the permeability coefficient is low, the capillary action is strong, and the aggravation of the surface soil salinization is caused, so that the growth and development of plants are inhibited, and even the plants die. When the salt content of the surface layer of the soil exceeds 0.6 percent, most plants can not grow, and when the content of soluble salt in the soil exceeds 1.0 percent, only some plants specially adapted to the saline soil can grow. Therefore, since the beginning of the 20 th century, a great deal of theoretical and practical research on the improvement and repair of saline-alkali soil has been carried out by experts at home and abroad.
At present, two types of leading technologies are formed by the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil all over the world: firstly, soil is improved through irrigation and drainage technology; secondly, salt-tolerant plants are developed to utilize saline-alkali soil. Typically two techniques are used together, one of which predominates. The improvement system mainly comprises four major treatment improvement systems in China: physical improvement, hydraulic improvement, biological improvement and chemical improvement.
The physical improvement is mainly studied in the aspect of selecting proper saline-alkali isolating cushion layer materials. The sand spreading has obvious desalting and alkali pressing effects, so that the pH value and the conductivity of the soil are reduced, the water content of the soil is increased, and a good ecological environment is created for the growth of plants on the saline-alkali soil. The traditional physical improvement measures are as follows: leveling land, soil dressing, deep soil modification, mulching, spreading sand and pressing alkali, etc. Some soil areas have large micro-terrain difference, small bed blocks need to be scribed according to local conditions, the bed blocks are leveled one by one, a ripening layer is kept to be not disordered as much as possible during leveling, salt crust is scraped off firstly, and then leveling is carried out; the deep ploughing is used for sunning the ridges, the deep ploughing is beneficial to loosening the surface layer, and the saline-alkali soil can be turned over and pressed, so that the distribution condition of the salt in the soil profile is changed.
The main principle of water conservancy improvement is that the salt in soil can be directly taken away by washing and leaching, the purpose of reducing the salt content of soil is achieved, and attention needs to be paid to ensuring a good drainage state. Water conservation improvement is considered to be one of the effective methods in treating saline-alkali soil problems, and among them, one of the most important and most common means is underground piping salt drainage. The salt discharge of the underground concealed pipes follows the principle that salt comes along with water and goes along with water, the salt in the soil is discharged along with water flow by laying the underground concealed pipes, and meanwhile, the underground water level is controlled below the critical depth, so that the purposes of soil desalination and secondary salinization prevention are achieved.
The main means of biological improvement is the selection of suitable salt tolerant plant or microbial species. Planting salt-tolerant crops, and reducing the salt content of soil by absorbing a part of salt in the soil, wherein the absorbed salt is transferred when the crops are harvested; the microbe-plant combination method is generally used for remediating petroleum-contaminated soil and heavy metal-contaminated soil. Studies have shown that the interaction between microorganisms and plants also contributes to soil salinity improvement. By planting salt-tolerant pastures in Ningxia and combining planting with animal husbandry, the method not only can help soil desalination, but also can improve local ecological environment by utilizing salt-tolerant plants, and the income of farmers is increased by the development of aquaculture and animal husbandry. The breeding of the salt-tolerant plants generally comprises methods such as hybridization, somatic mutation screening, transgenic breeding, molecular marker-assisted selection and polymerization breeding and the like. The improvement effect of the gaultheria monocytogenes and the like on Tianjin saline-alkali soil is discovered by contrasting and planting three salt-tolerant plants, namely the gaultheria monocytogenes, the pyrus betulaefolia and the lonicera edulis, and the saline-alkali soil improvement effect of the gaultheria monocytogenes is the best.
The chemical improvement measures are that a proper amount of chemical improvement agent is applied by utilizing the principle that acid-base neutralization and the characteristic that some other substances with adsorption or isolation and the like can be combined with salt in the saline-alkali soil, so that the aims of increasing the soil fertility, improving the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil, repairing the soil and reducing the salt damage are fulfilled. Zhang Jianfeng considers that increasing the application of green manure can increase the content of organic matters in soil, improve the soil structure and the rhizosphere microenvironment, and facilitate the activities of soil microorganisms, thereby improving the soil fertility and inhibiting the salt accumulation. In the research on the improvement of saline-alkali soil in coastal areas of Tangshan, Lukenan et al find that organic matters can generate various organic acids in the decomposition process. It increases the solubility of the anion in the soil, thereby facilitating desalination. The improvement effect of the desulfurized gypsum on the alkaline soil is researched through soil column leaching and pot experiment respectively by the Wangjinman and the like. The application of the flue gas desulfurization gypsum can obviously reduce the substitutive sodium, the alkalization degree (ESP), the Sodium Adsorption Rate (SAR) and the pH value of the alkalized soil. The high application level of the flue gas desulfurization gypsum improves the alkaline soil better than the low application level; the leaching measure plays a crucial role in the improvement process, and the improvement effect is positively correlated with the leaching frequency. The application of the novel fertilizer is also an improvement measure for chemical improvement, and the saline-alkali soil desalination is promoted.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the technology is mainly used for moderately and slightly salinized soil with the soil salinity of below 0.6 percent, but the content of soluble salt in the soil of the test area of the invention is over 1.0 percent, and most plants cannot grow.
(2) The water conservancy improvement method needs sufficient fresh water source to wash salt with water; the drainage and salt removal of underground concealed pipes can be implemented only when the critical water level of underground water is low.
(3) The physical improvement method has large engineering quantity and high cost; the improvement of the chemical reagent can bring certain salt content and increase the salt content of surface soil.
(4) Due to the stress of saline and alkaline and the lack of soil nutrients in saline and alkaline land, the biomass of naturally growing plants is small, and the amount of salt taken away is limited.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: saline-alkali soil close to coastal areas has high underground water level, and is not suitable for physical and chemical improvement; insufficient fresh water resources nearby are available, and water conservancy improvement is difficult to carry out; the salt content of the soil exceeds 1.0%, and most plants cannot grow. A few saline-alkali tolerant plants are short and small in growth and small in biomass.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: by digging the natural growing plants resistant to severe saline-alkali, soil nutrient substances are increased, the growth of the crops is promoted, the biomass is increased, a large amount of salt can be absorbed and taken away, and the salt content of the soil is continuously reduced. Meanwhile, soil organic matters can be increased in the growth process of the salt-tolerant plants, the formation of soil granular structures is promoted, the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are improved, and the aim of repairing severe saline-alkali soil is fulfilled. In the repairing process, the method also has the function of beautifying the environment.
Suaeda salsa (Suaeda salsa), also known as Suaeda heteroptera and Suaeda salsa, is an annual herbaceous true halophyte of Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodiaceae), a fleshy true halophyte, grows on a seashore or a salt beach of a salt field, and has the characteristics of salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and the like. Suaeda salsa has very important significance in the aspects of improving and utilizing saline-alkali soil, reducing soil salinity, reducing soil moisture evaporation, promoting the research of plant salt-resistant mechanism, providing salt-resistant germplasm resources, salt-resistant genetic engineering and the like.
Saline-alkali soil is an important factor for restricting agricultural development for a long time. The coastal saline-alkali soil ecosystem is fragile, seriously polluted by human influence, high in soil salinity and poor in nutritional status. The suaeda salsa is planted in the coastal saline-alkali soil by adopting a bioremediation method, and the salt in the soil is transferred by the absorption of the suaeda salsa on the soil, the harvest of the suaeda salsa and the application of the suaeda salsa. Suaeda glauca L.has strong tolerance as a true halophyteSalt content of 25.0g kg in soil-1The coastal saline soil can grow normally, and is suitable for repairing severe saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil and a detection method.
The invention is realized in such a way that the fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil is a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer;
the nitrogen fertilizer is 30kg667m of urea-2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate 30kg667m-2。
The invention also aims to provide a detection method of the fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, before suaeda heteroptera is planted, fertilizer is scattered into soil, and soil sample collection is carried out when the suaeda heteroptera is in a mature period. Collecting soil samples of 0-20cm, and mixing the soil samples at 6 point positions in each cell by adopting an S-shaped route;
secondly, measuring alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by adopting an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; 0.5mol L for quick-acting phosphorus-1NaHCO3Leaching, and determining by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; organic carbon is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method; the activity of the sucrase is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method; the soil urease activity is measured by adopting a sodium phenolate colorimetric method; measuring the activity of the soil neutral phosphatase by a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method; the catalase activity is measured by a potassium permanganate titration method; the soil pH value is 2.5:1, and is measured by a pH meter (OHAUS, STARTER 2100); the soil total salt is determined by a water bath steaming method according to the water-soil ratio of 5: 1.
And thirdly, calculating the average weight diameter MWD and the fractal dimension D by adopting a dry screening method, and representing a soil fractal model by using the weight distribution of the particle size.
Further, the detection method for promoting suaeda salsa to restore the fertilizer for the coastal severe saline-alkali soil comprises five processes, namely CK: under the natural condition of not applying fertilizerGrowing the suaeda salsa; on the basis of planting suaeda glauca, NF: 30kg667m of urea was applied-2(ii) a KF: applying potassium fertilizer of 30kg of potassium sulfate 667m-2(ii) a PF: 30kg667m of superphosphate of phosphate fertilizer is added-2(ii) a CF: applying a composite fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K2O＝15:15:15)50kg 667m-2(ii) a The cell area is 667m23kg of suaeda glauca seeds were sown in each cell, and each treatment was repeated three times and randomly arranged.
Further, the method for detecting the fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil utilizes Excel 2010 software to calculate the data average value and SPSS 20.0 software to perform variance analysis and mapping.
Further, calcium and magnesium ions adopt an EDTA titration method; potassium and sodium ions adopt a flame photometry method; the carbonate radical and the bicarbonate radical adopt a double-indicator-neutralization titration method; chloride ions are measured by silver nitrate and sulfate radicals by an EDTA indirect complex titration method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil in improvement of the severe saline-alkali soil.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: according to the invention, by comparing the influences of different fertilizers applied to the suaeda heteroptera on the restoration of the heavy saline-alkali soil and the improvement of physicochemical properties, the economic value and the ecological value of the suaeda heteroptera are excavated, and the low-cost coastal saline-alkali soil restoration method is found. In salinized soil, nitrogen fertilizer is a limiting factor that restricts the growth and salt absorption of suaeda salsa in the salinized soil. In the range of 0-450 kg hm-2Within the range, the biomass of each part of the suaeda salsa is in a linear increasing trend along with the nitrogen dressing amount, the nitrogen dressing fertilizer can promote the biological repair of the suaeda salsa on the saline soil, and the total salt and Na in the soil on the surface layer of the soil+、K+The content is obviously reduced. The method simulates the field environment, and under the condition of exogenous nitrogen input, the biomass of the suaeda salsa is increased to a greater extent, the promotion effect on the growth of the suaeda salsa is stronger, and the method is more favorable for the restoration of the saline-alkali soil by the suaeda salsa.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the growth of suaeda heteroptera and the improvement effect of the suaeda heteroptera on heavy saline-alkali soil by different fertilization treatments. The influence of the growth promotion of suaeda heteroptera on the saline-alkali soil restoration by the distribution of different fertilizers is researched through field plot experiments. Experiments show that different fertilization improves the nutritional status of saline-alkali soil to different degrees, promotes the growth of suaeda heteroptera, enhances the ability of absorbing salt ions in the soil, and reduces the salinity, thereby improving the activity of the soil enzyme and the soil aggregation. Wherein, the NF repairing effect of urea treatment is best, compared with the contrast, the soil total salt content is reduced by 30.3%, the alkaline phosphatase activity is improved by 68.4%, and the urease activity is improved by 150.0%. The soil aggregation is increased. And secondly, the treatment of a potash fertilizer group reduces the total salt content of the soil by 19.4 percent, improves the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 43.5 percent and increases the activity of urease by 100.0 percent. The average soil weight diameter increased by 26.7%. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer is more beneficial to the growth of the suaeda salsa in the saline-alkali soil and the improvement of the soil nutrition, the potassium fertilizer also has ecological significance to the improvement of the saline-alkali soil, and the two treatments can well reduce the soil salinity, increase the soil organic matter, improve the saline-alkali soil environment and achieve the aim of repairing the coastal saline-alkali soil.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a detection method for promoting suaeda salsa to repair fertilizers for coastal severe saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the effect of different fertilisations on soil ion content provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: (a) treating the cation content of the saline-alkali soil by different fertilization; (b) and (4) the content of anions in the saline-alkali soil is treated by different fertilization.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mass content (%, dry screening) of aggregates of each particle size of soil under different fertilization treatments provided by the example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the effect of different treatments on the average soil weight diameter provided by embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fractal dimension D of soil for different treatments according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the yield of suaeda glauca processed according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil and a detection method, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment of the invention is a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer; the nitrogen fertilizer is 30kg of urea 667m-2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate 30kg667m-2。
As shown in fig. 1, the detection method for promoting suaeda salsa to restore fertilizers in coastal severe saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: before planting suaeda heteroptera, fertilizer is scattered into soil, and soil sample collection is carried out when the suaeda heteroptera is in a mature period. Collecting soil samples of 0-20cm, and mixing the soil samples at 6 point positions in each cell by adopting an S-shaped route; simultaneous measurements of 2 cells per cell of 1m2The overground part biomass of suaeda heteroptera.
S102: the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is measured by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; 0.5mol L for quick-acting phosphorus-1NaHCO3Leaching, and determining by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; organic carbon is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method; the activity of the sucrase is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method; the soil urease activity is measured by adopting a sodium phenolate colorimetric method; measuring the activity of the soil neutral phosphatase by a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method; the catalase activity is measured by a potassium permanganate titration method; the soil pH value is 2.5:1, and is measured by a pH meter (OHAUS, STARTER 2100); the soil total salt is determined by a water bath steaming method according to the water-soil ratio of 5: 1.
In the invention, an EDTA titration method is adopted for calcium and magnesium ions; potassium and sodium ions adopt a flame photometry method; the carbonate radical and the bicarbonate radical adopt a double-indicator-neutralization titration method; chloride ions are measured by silver nitrate and sulfate radicals by an EDTA indirect complex titration method.
S103: the average weight diameter (MWD) and the fractal dimension (D) are calculated by adopting a dry sieving method, and a soil fractal model is represented by weight distribution of particle sizes.
The yield of the suaeda glauca is 2m cut in each cell2Drying the overground part of the plant, weighing and calculating the biomass.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to experiments.
1 materials and methods
1.1 design of the experiment
The experiment is selected in the Weifang coastal development area, belongs to northern temperate zone monsoon climate, and the annual average precipitation is about 650 mm. The soil is coastal severe saline-alkali soil and sandy soil. The dominant plants in this region are Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, Suaeda salina, and Tamarix chinensis. The pH value of the soil is 8.70, and the organic matter content is 1.97gkg-1The total salt content is 11.62gkg-1The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 5.10mgkg-1The available phosphorus is 8.27mgkg-1The quick-acting potassium is 33.75mgkg-1，Na+The content is 12.4gkg-1，CI-The content is 1.1gkg-1. Five treatments were designed for the experiment, CK: growing suaeda salsa under natural conditions without fertilizing; on the basis of planting suaeda glauca, NF: urea (30kg667 m) was applied-2) (ii) a KF: applying potash fertilizer potassium sulfate (30kg667 m)-2) (ii) a PF: phosphate superphosphate (30kg667 m) was applied-2) (ii) a CF: applying a composite fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K2O＝15:15:15)(50kg667m-2). The cell area is 667m23kg of suaeda glauca seeds were sown in each cell, and each treatment was repeated three times and randomly arranged.
1.2 measurement index and method
Before planting suaeda heteroptera, fertilizer is scattered into soil, and soil sample collection is carried out when the suaeda heteroptera is in a mature period. Collecting soil samples of 0-20cm, and mixing the soil samples at 6 point positions in each cell by adopting an S-shaped route. The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is measured by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; 0.5mol L for quick-acting phosphorus-1NaHCO3Leaching, and determining by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; the organic carbon is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method. The activity of the sucrase is measured by a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method; the soil urease activity is measured by adopting a sodium phenolate colorimetric method; disodium phenyl phosphate for soil neutral phosphatase activityMeasuring by a colorimetric method; the catalase activity was determined by potassium permanganate titration. The average weight diameter (MWD) and the fractal dimension (D) are calculated by adopting a dry sieving method, and a soil fractal model is represented by weight distribution of particle sizes. The yield of the suaeda glauca is measured by a mowing, drying and weighing method.
1.3 data processing
Data mean calculation, analysis of variance and mapping were performed using Excel 2010 software and SPSS 20.0 software.
2 results
2.1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on physicochemical Properties of Severe saline-alkali soil
The application of the fertilizer before the suaeda heteroptera is planted increases the soil nutrition, promotes the growth of the suaeda heteroptera and improves the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil, and the table 1 shows. After the urea, the potash fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the compound fertilizer are added, compared with CK, the pH value is not changed greatly, but the salt content of the soil is obviously reduced, and the reduction range is 5.4% -30.3%, wherein the salt content is reduced more obviously after the nitrogen fertilizer is applied. Soil organic matter increases to various degrees. The quick-acting potassium in the soil is respectively improved by 61.7 percent, 70.9 percent, 53.9 percent and 60.1 percent. The increase of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil is obvious, wherein the increase of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil is 111.8 percent after the treatment of applying the nitrogenous fertilizer, and the increase of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil treated by the potash fertilizer is 98.6 percent. After the fertilization treatment, the soil quick-acting potassium is also obviously increased, and the soil quick-acting phosphorus is increased to a smaller extent. In a word, the nutrients of the suaeda heteroptera saline-alkali soil treated by the four fertilizers are higher than those of the saline-alkali soil treated by the contrast treatment, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced, and the saline-alkali soil has a better improvement and restoration effect under the combination of the suaeda heteroptera and the fertilizers.
TABLE 1 variation of physicochemical Properties of saline-alkali soil under different fertilization treatments
2.2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the ion content of saline-alkali soil
Different fertilization can have different effects on the change of the content of anions and cations in soil, as shown in figure 2. Under the influence of fertilization on the potassium ion content of soil, K+The content of NF is from high to low>CF>KF>CK>PF and urea group soil potassium ion content are increased40.3%, urea pair increased K+The content effect is obvious. Na in soil after applying phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer+The content is obviously reduced, wherein CF causes Na in soil+The content is reduced by 36.0%. Ca in soil2+High content, obviously reduced content of Ca after fertilizer application and various treatments2+The treatment of the content from top to bottom is as follows: CK (CK)>PF>KF>NF>The CF and CF treatment reduces the calcium ion content in sandy loam by 82.0 percent. Soil Mg under PF, KF treatment2+The content was close, and increased by about 12.8% compared to CK.
No CO could be detected in the soil3 2-Content, HCO under NF treatment3 -The content is reduced by only 9.4 percent. CI-The content is increased by 78.69% after urea application, and CI is obtained after PF and CF treatment-The content is reduced by 45.9 percent and 47.8 percent. KF. SO in PF-treated soil4 2-The content is reduced by 21.5 percent and 11.3 percent respectively, and the rest treatments have no reduction trend compared with CK.
2.3 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the enzymatic Activity of saline-alkali soil
Table 2 analysis shows that different fertilization treatments have different effects on the enzyme content of the four soils compared to the control. After the suaeda heteroptera planting field is applied with fertilizer, the urease activity is greatly increased, wherein the urease activity is increased by 150.0%, 100.0% and 50.0% after urea, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are applied respectively. Secondly, the alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly, by 68.4%, 43.4% and 32.3%, respectively. While the soil sucrase activity was increased by 11.6% only in the urea treatment compared to the CK group, and was not increased in the remaining treatments. The catalase activity did not change significantly, and there was no significant difference between treatments.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on saline-alkali soil enzyme Activity
2.4 influence of different fertilization treatments on particle size distribution of soil aggregates in saline-alkali soil
Mechanical stability of soil aggregates is obtained by dry sieving. The percentage content of aggregates with various particle sizes of the soil is influenced by different degrees of fertilization, the soil texture of the test field is sandy loam, the percentage of the particle sizes larger than 5mm is small, the particle sizes smaller than 0.25mm are mainly used, and the particle sizes account for 82.0-88.0% of the total amount, which is shown in figure 3. After urea and potash fertilizer are applied, the weight of the grain diameter of more than 5mm is increased by two times of that of CK group, and the weight of the grain diameter of less than 0.25mm is reduced by 2.7-3.5%. The urea and the potash fertilizer promote the growth of the suaeda salsa, increase the content of large aggregates in the soil, improve the aggregation of the severe saline-alkali soil, and facilitate the improvement of the microbial activity of the soil and the downward leaching of the soil salinity.
2.5 Change in mean weight diameter of saline-alkali soil by different fertilization treatments
Different fertilization treatments have different effects on the variation of the average diameter of the soil. The average weight diameter of the urea and potassium fertilizer treatment is higher than that of CK, the average weight diameter is increased by 27.3 percent, the MWD value of the phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer treatment is obviously reduced, and the compound fertilizer treatment is reduced by 18.9 percent compared with CK, which is shown in figure 4. The application of urea and potash fertilizers has better effect on promoting the suaeda glauca to restore severe saline-alkali soil, and the treatment and restoration effect of phosphate fertilizers and compound fertilizers is poorer.
2.6 influence of different fertilization treatments on fractal dimension of saline-alkali soil
Different fertilization treatments affected the soil structural stability differently, see fig. 5. The larger the fractal dimension D of the soil is, the looser the soil is, and the more unstable the structure is; and the smaller the D value is, the stronger the soil aggregation is, and the more stable the soil structure is. As can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 5, the soil fractal dimension D is CK > CF > PF > NF > KF in sequence. The fractal dimension reduction range of the soil after fertilization is 0.9-3.3%. After the potash fertilizer is applied to the soil, the fractal dimension of soil aggregates is obviously reduced, compared with a control group, the fractal dimension D of the potash fertilizer group treatment is reduced by 3.3%, and the fractal dimension numerical value of the urea treatment and the potash fertilizer treatment is close. PF and CF also have a certain improvement in soil aggregate stability, but are slightly less effective than NF and KF.
2.7 influence of different fertilization treatments on the yield of Suaeda salsa in severe saline-alkali soil
As can be seen from the analysis of FIG. 6, due to the lack of nutrients in soil in coastal severe saline-alkali soil, the naturally grown suaeda glauca is short and small in size and low in biomass, and each hectare is only 355.7 kg. After different fertilizers are applied for treatment, the soil nutrients are supplemented, the growth of the suaeda salsa is promoted, and the biomass is improved. Wherein, compared with the control, the yield of the suaeda glauca processed by the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is respectively increased by 144.1 percent and 99.4 percent; the compound fertilizer treatment increases by 88.9 percent, while the phosphate fertilizer treatment has poor yield-increasing effect which is only 55.7 percent. Therefore, different fertilizers are applied to the severe saline-alkali soil to supplement soil nutrients, the growth of the suaeda salsa can be promoted, more soil salt is absorbed and taken away, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and the remediation effect is improved.
The method is characterized in that the saline-alkali soil is planted with suaeda salsa, the organic matter of the saline-alkali soil 3 years later is increased by 56.1 percent, the total N is increased by 166.7 percent, the quick-acting P is increased by 93.7 percent, the quick-acting K is increased by 38.1 percent, the four halophytes are compared, the effect of the halophytes on the nutrients and the enzyme activity of the root soil and the non-root soil is researched by a root bag method, the effect of the halophytes on the nutrient and the enzyme activity of the root soil is improved by β percent, the effect of the alkaline plant on the alkaline soil is improved by the alkaline phosphatase, the enzyme activity of the alkaline soil is improved by the alkaline phosphatase, the effect of the alkaline phosphatase, the growth of the plants is improved by the alkaline soil, the alkaline phosphatase, the nitrogen and the nitrogen fertilizer are difficult to meet the requirements of the growth and phosphorus element for plant growth of plants.
The suaeda glauca can restore the saline-alkali soil and improve the soil aggregation. It is generally accepted that soil aggregates can be divided into macro aggregates (particle size > 0.25mm) and micro aggregates (particle size < 0.25mm), whereas a higher content of macro aggregates indicates a more stable soil structure. Experimental research shows that the higher the organic matter content in soil is, the higher the soil aggregate stability is. The soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon are in a significant positive correlation with the water-stable large aggregates and in a significant negative correlation with the water-stable small aggregates. The soil total nitrogen and the microbial biomass nitrogen are in a significant negative correlation with the water-stable small aggregates. The fractal dimension trend line of the soil of the nitrogen fertilizer group and the potassium fertilizer group in the suaeda salsa is obviously lower than that of other treatments because the treatment of the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer can improve the biomass of the overground part of the suaeda salsa, the dry mass of root systems, the seed yield and the total mineral accumulation, thereby improving the content of organic matters in the soil, increasing the content of large aggregate cemented matters and enhancing the action. In addition, related researches show that the soil salt accumulation can be inhibited by applying a proper amount of nitrogen. Therefore, the input of a nitrogen source is increased in the process of improving and repairing the saline-alkali soil.
China has large-area saline-alkali wasteland and tidal flat wetland, abundant underground saline water and inexhaustible seawater resources, but the resources can not be used in traditional agriculture. The crop of the suaeda glauca is enlarged from the traditional bland to halophyte, so that the barren saline-alkali soil, underground saline water and even seawater can be directly used for producing vegetables, feed and edible oil. In recent years, most of the researches on the planting and cultivation of suaeda glauca crops are carried out, and basic researches (such as chemical component analysis) and industrial researches on suaeda glauca are rarely reported and need more intensive basic researches. The economic value and the ecological value of the suaeda glauca are fully exerted, and the purpose of sustainable development of natural resources is achieved.
The method has the advantages that different kinds of fertilizers are added in the suaeda heteroptera planting process, so that the improvement on the saline and alkaline soil is obvious, the application of the fertilizers can promote the growth of the suaeda heteroptera, the total salt content in the soil is reduced, the organic matter content is increased by 49.2% -16.8%, the soil nutrition condition is improved, the soil enzyme activity is improved, the stability of soil aggregates is increased, the percentage of the soil aggregates is increased, the soil environment and the physicochemical property are improved, and the remediation of the coastal saline and alkaline soil is facilitated. The input of nitrogen fertilizer is needed in the soil for planting the suaeda salsa, and potassium fertilizer is needed to be added to promote the growth of the suaeda salsa, improve the biomass of the suaeda salsa, accelerate the improvement and restoration process of the saline-alkali soil, and further obtain good economic benefit and ecological benefit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil is a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer; the nitrogen fertilizer is 30kg of urea 667m-2(ii) a The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate 30kg667m-2。
2. The method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
firstly, scattering a fertilizer into soil before suaeda heteroptera planting, performing soil sample collection and biomass measurement in the maturation period of the suaeda heteroptera, collecting soil samples of 0-20cm, and mixing 6 point soil samples in each cell by adopting an S-shaped route; 2 measurements per cell of 1m2Biomass of overground part of suaeda heteroptera;
secondly, measuring the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; 0.5mol L for quick-acting phosphorus-1NaHCO3Leaching, and determining by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; organic carbon is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method; sucrase activity employs3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid is measured by a colorimetric method; the soil urease activity is measured by adopting a sodium phenolate colorimetric method; measuring the activity of the soil neutral phosphatase by a disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method; the catalase activity is measured by a potassium permanganate titration method; the pH value of the soil is 2.5:1 of water-soil ratio, and the pH value is measured by a pH meter; measuring the soil total salt according to a water-soil ratio of 5:1 by a water bath steaming method; calcium and magnesium ions adopt an EDTA titration method; potassium and sodium ions adopt a flame photometry method;
and thirdly, grading the soil aggregate by adopting a dry screening method, calculating the average weight diameter MWD and the fractal dimension D, and representing a soil fractal model by using the weight distribution of the particle size.
3. The method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil comprises five processes, namely CK: growing suaeda salsa under natural conditions without fertilizing; on the basis of planting suaeda glauca, NF: the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as 30kg of urea 667m-2(ii) a KF: applying potash fertilizer of potassium sulfate 30kg667m-2(ii) a PF: 30kg of calcium superphosphate 667m is added as phosphate fertilizer-2(ii) a CF: 50kg of compound fertilizer 667m is applied-2Applying compound fertilizer N: P2O5:K2O15: 15: 15; the cell area is 667m23kg of suaeda glauca seeds were sown in each cell, and each treatment was repeated three times and randomly arranged.
4. The method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting the suaeda salsa to restore the coastal severe saline-alkali soil utilizes Excel 2010 software and SPSS 20.0 software to perform data processing and statistical analysis and mapping.
5. The method for detecting the soil fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, calcium and magnesium ions are titrated by EDTA; potassium and sodium ions adopt a flame photometry method; the carbonate radical and the bicarbonate radical adopt a double-indicator-neutralization titration method; chloride ions are measured by silver nitrate and sulfate radicals by an EDTA indirect complex titration method.
6. The application of the fertilizer for promoting suaeda salsa to restore coastal severe saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 in saline-alkali soil improvement.
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