CN111149622A - Bamboo shoot mushroom cultivation method for moisturizing and increasing yield by using bamboo shoot shell powder - Google Patents
Bamboo shoot mushroom cultivation method for moisturizing and increasing yield by using bamboo shoot shell powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149622A CN111149622A CN202010040096.XA CN202010040096A CN111149622A CN 111149622 A CN111149622 A CN 111149622A CN 202010040096 A CN202010040096 A CN 202010040096A CN 111149622 A CN111149622 A CN 111149622A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield, which relates to the technical field of bamboo shoot mushroom cultivation and comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a culture material: mixing pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder with sawdust, cottonseed hull, corn cob powder and light calcium carbonate, adding water 1-1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, mixing uniformly, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain a culture material; 2) sterilizing at high temperature; 3) inoculating; 4) and (5) culturing and harvesting. The method takes the bamboo shoot shell powder as the main culture material raw material, and the raw materials are used after being mixed and fermented, so that the number of fruiting bodies of the bamboo shoot mushrooms can be effectively increased, the yield of the unit area of the bamboo shoot mushrooms is further improved, the method is simple and practical, the waste is effectively utilized by taking the waste bamboo shoot shells as the raw materials, the production cost of the bamboo shoot mushrooms is reduced, and the method is convenient for practical popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bamboo mushroom cultivation, in particular to a bamboo mushroom cultivation method for moisturizing and increasing yield by using bamboo shell powder.
Background
The bamboo mushroom is named as clitocybe maxima, conus giganteus and the like, the fruiting body grows or grows singly, the color is light yellow, the meat quality is thick, the mushroom stem is thick, the taste is crisp like bamboo shoots, and the taste is greasy like the clitocybe maxima, so the bamboo mushroom is named. The bamboo shoot mushroom is rich in nutrition, the pileus of the bamboo shoot mushroom contains 26.4% of crude protein, the content of pure protein is as high as 18.5, the protein content of a fruiting body is equivalent to that of mushroom and needle mushroom, and the protein content of the fruiting body is higher than that of wood-rotting fungi such as edible fungus and tricholoma matsutake; 16 kinds of amino acids have been detected, wherein the content and composition of essential amino acids in human body are closer to model protein than those of general fungi; the methionine content in the pileus is obviously higher than that of other similar pileus, and is similar to that of eggs.
The bamboo shoot mushroom is a soil-borne wood rot fungus which is widely distributed in nature in hot seasons of summer and autumn, belongs to a high-temperature type, and is preferably cultivated in the middle ten days of 5 months to 10 months at the natural temperature of 23-32 ℃. The bamboo shoot mushroom cultivation method has the advantages of wide raw material range, strong variety stress resistance, implementation of artificial cultivation, enrichment of variety structure combination of annual edible mushroom production, widening of the utilization range of edible mushroom cultivation resources and great significance.
At present, bran, cane sugar and the like are usually adopted as conventional culture materials for artificially culturing the bamboo shoot mushrooms, but how to further improve the yield of the bamboo shoot mushrooms and reduce the production cost of the bamboo shoot mushrooms is still the current exploration direction in the field. A large amount of bamboo shoot shells are left after processing bamboo shoots, and are an important resource which is not developed yet, and at present, the bamboo shoot shells are generally buried underground or abandoned nearby on beaches and ditch edges, so that not only is the environment pollution caused, but also the waste of an important hospital is caused. At present, no report that bamboo shoot shells are used for cultivating bamboo mushrooms is found.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder with sawdust, cottonseed hull, corn cob powder and light calcium carbonate, adding water 1-1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, mixing uniformly, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 30-45 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, are funnel-shaped and have inward-curled edges, and spores are not ejected.
Further, the amount of each raw material in the compost in the step 1) is as follows: 30-50 parts of bamboo shoot shell powder, 11-20 parts of sawdust, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-30 parts of corncob powder and 4-9 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Further, the amount of each raw material in the compost in the step 1) is as follows: 35-46 parts of bamboo shoot shell powder, 12-17 parts of sawdust, 17-22 parts of cottonseed hull, 18-26 parts of corncob powder and 5-8 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Further, the amount of each raw material in the compost in the step 1) is as follows: the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises, by weight, 42 parts of bamboo shoot shell powder, 15 parts of sawdust, 21 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cob powder and 7 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Further, the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells, and sieving with a sieve of 100 meshes and 200 meshes to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
Further, in the step 2), the specification of the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the sterilization time is 2-3 h.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield, wherein the bamboo shoot shell is used as a main material of a culture material, wherein fresh bamboo shoot shells are rolled to be 2-3cm long and dried in the sun, the drying in the sun can be accelerated, and new bamboo shoot shells are prevented from being rotted, the dried and crushed bamboo shoot shells have good nutritional value, and the bamboo shoot shells are rich in trace raw materials such as crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, iron, copper, zinc and the like, and can provide high nutritional value for the growth of the bamboo shoot mushroom. The bamboo shoot shell powder, the sawdust, the cottonseed hulls, the corn cob powder and the light calcium carbonate are mixed and fermented for use, so that the disease resistance of the bamboo shoot mushroom can be improved, the rapid conversion of organic substances in the raw materials is accelerated, the degradation of organic substances is promoted, various nutrient substances in the raw materials are fully utilized, the nutrient content of the cultivation material is improved, the number of fruiting bodies of the bamboo shoot mushroom is increased, and the yield of the bamboo shoot mushroom in unit area is further improved. This mode is simple and practical to waste bamboo shoot shell is the raw materials, has realized the effective utilization of wastes material, has reduced the manufacturing cost of bamboo shoot mushroom, the actual popularization and application of being convenient for.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing 30 parts of pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder, 17 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of cottonseed hulls, 26 parts of corncob powder and 4 parts of light calcium carbonate in parts by weight, adding water which is 1.3 times of the total mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 4 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material, wherein the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm in specification, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.2MPa, and the sterilization time is 3 h;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 40 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, the fruiting bodies are funnel-shaped, the edges of the fruiting bodies are inward curled, and spores are not ejected, so that the fungus mushrooms can be obtained.
Wherein the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
Example 2:
a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing 50 parts of pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder, 12 parts of sawdust, 25 parts of cottonseed shell, 18 parts of corn cob powder and 9 parts of light calcium carbonate in parts by weight, adding water which is 1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 3 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material, wherein the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm in specification, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.3MPa, and the sterilization time is 2 hours;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 45 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, the fruiting bodies are funnel-shaped, the edges of the fruiting bodies are inward curled, and spores are not ejected, so that the fungus mushrooms can be obtained.
Wherein the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
Example 3:
a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing 35 parts of pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder, 20 parts of sawdust, 17 parts of cottonseed hull, 30 parts of corn cob powder and 5 parts of light calcium carbonate in parts by weight, adding water which is 1-1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 5 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material, wherein the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm in specification, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.2MPa, and the sterilization time is 2 hours;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 35 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, the fruiting bodies are funnel-shaped, the edges of the fruiting bodies are inward curled, and spores are not ejected, so that the fungus mushrooms can be obtained.
Wherein the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, and crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells and sieving with a 160-mesh sieve to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
Example 4:
a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing 46 parts of pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder, 11 parts of sawdust, 22 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of corn cob powder and 8 parts of light calcium carbonate in parts by weight, adding water which is 1-1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material, wherein the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm in specification, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.25MPa, and the sterilization time is 2.5 h;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 42 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, the fruiting bodies are funnel-shaped, the edges of the fruiting bodies are inward curled, and spores are not ejected, so that the fungus mushrooms can be obtained.
Wherein the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, and crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells and sieving with a 180-mesh sieve to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
Example 5:
a method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing 42 parts of pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder, 15 parts of sawdust, 21 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cob powder and 7 parts of light calcium carbonate in parts by weight, adding water which is 1-1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material, wherein the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm in specification, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the sterilization time is 2-3 h;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 30-45 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, are funnel-shaped and have inward-curled edges, and spores are not ejected.
Wherein the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, and crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells and sieving with a 140-mesh sieve to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
Through repeated cultivation verification of the applicant, the yield per unit area of the bamboo shoot mushrooms planted by the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-5 can be improved to be more than 34.1% compared with the bamboo shoot mushrooms planted by the traditional method, and the production cost can be reduced by 18-27%.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder to preserve moisture and increase yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a culture material: mixing pretreated bamboo shoot shell powder with sawdust, cottonseed hull, corn cob powder and light calcium carbonate, adding water 1-1.5 times of the total mass of the mixture, mixing uniformly, covering the mixture with a film, preserving heat and moisture, and naturally fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain a culture material;
2) bagging the culture material obtained in the step 1) with polypropylene plastic, and sterilizing in an autoclave to obtain sterilized culture material;
3) inoculating high-quality bamboo shoot mushroom strains into each bag of culture material, standing the strain bags on a culture rack after inoculation, culturing in a dark place at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity in the culture room of 70-75%, closing doors and windows in the culture room 4 days before culturing, and keeping the interior of the culture room ventilated and ventilated in the later period;
4) and after culturing for 30-45 days in the fungus bags, filling hypha into the fungus bags, opening the bags to produce mushrooms, covering soil on the culture material surface, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3cm, adjusting the soil humidity to 80% -95% by using water, and harvesting when eight cents of fruiting bodies of the fungus mushrooms are mature, are funnel-shaped and have inward-curled edges, and spores are not ejected.
2. The method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder for moisturizing and increasing yield according to claim 1, wherein the amount of each raw material in the compost in the step 1) is as follows: 30-50 parts of bamboo shoot shell powder, 11-20 parts of sawdust, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-30 parts of corncob powder and 4-9 parts of light calcium carbonate.
3. The method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder for moisturizing and increasing yield according to claim 2, wherein the amount of each raw material in the compost in the step 1) is as follows: 35-46 parts of bamboo shoot shell powder, 12-17 parts of sawdust, 17-22 parts of cottonseed hull, 18-26 parts of corncob powder and 5-8 parts of light calcium carbonate.
4. The method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder for moisturizing and increasing yield according to claim 3, wherein the amount of each raw material in the compost in the step 1) is as follows: the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises, by weight, 42 parts of bamboo shoot shell powder, 15 parts of sawdust, 21 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of corn cob powder and 7 parts of light calcium carbonate.
5. The method for cultivating bamboo shoot mushroom by using bamboo shoot shell powder for moisturizing and yield increase as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pretreatment process of the bamboo shoot shell powder comprises the following steps: rolling fresh bamboo shoot shells into 2-3cm long, drying in the sun, crushing the dried bamboo shoot shells, and sieving with a sieve of 100 meshes and 200 meshes to obtain the bamboo shoot shell powder.
6. The method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata by using bamboo shoot shell powder for moisturizing and increasing yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the specification of the polypropylene plastic bag is 20cm x 35cm, the pressure in the autoclave is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the sterilization time is 2-3 h.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112616563A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 宁化县万菌达生态农业有限公司 | Method for making fungus bag by using bamboo shoot leftovers |
| CN112715277A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-30 | 定西市源顺生物科技有限责任公司 | Water-storage and moisture-retention cultivation method for edible fungi |
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| CN112715277A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-30 | 定西市源顺生物科技有限责任公司 | Water-storage and moisture-retention cultivation method for edible fungi |
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Application publication date: 20200515 |