CN111139545B - 一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料及其制备方法,属于装饰材料制备技术领域。本发明将预处理竹纤维和聚磷酸铵溶液混合浸渍处理,得到改性竹纤维,而竹纤维是天然纤维素纤维,是一种多元醇,而聚磷酸铵能促使多元醇成炭,聚磷酸铵在燃烧受热时释放出的磷酸或多磷酸能与羟基反应生成磷酸酯,磷化纤维素分解时释放出阻燃的二氧化碳和水,而配糖体的分裂被抑制,由于发生脱水反应,固体渣中就含有大量的不饱和物,快速积累的炭层成为保护性层,防止燃烧进一步发生,因此本发明改性竹纤维的加入提高了阻燃性能,此外经牵引纺丝后热粘合的墙壁面料本身结构疏松多孔,可以多层吸收发射声音,具有隔音吸声的效果,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料及其制备方法,属于装饰材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
目前,市场上的同类产品一般都是有纸质材料和聚合物材料制成,功能单一,并且阻燃性能差,墙壁面料多是应用在室内装修中,一旦遇到火灾,就有可能燃烧剧烈,危害室内人员的生命安全。
有鉴于上述的缺陷,本设计人,积极加以研究创新,以期创设一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料及其制备方法,使其更具有产业上的利用价值。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料及其制备方法。
本发明的一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料,包括改性聚丙烯熔融液和改性竹纤维,
所述改性聚丙烯熔融液是由聚丙烯母料和三氧化二锑制成;
所述改性竹纤维是由竹纤维、氢氧化钠溶液、高锰酸钾溶液、氧化镁溶液、去离子水以及聚磷酸铵溶液制成。
一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的制备方法,具体制备步骤为:
(1)预处理竹纤维的制备;
(2)改性竹纤维的制备;
(3)改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备;
(4)多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的制备。
进一步的,具体制备步骤为:
(1)预处理竹纤维的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和氢氧化钠溶液以及高锰酸钾溶液混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
升高上述水浴锅温度,保温预氧化处理,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和氯化镁溶液混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,高温高压热处理,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
(2)改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和聚磷酸铵溶液混合后放入超声振荡仪中,超声振荡浸渍,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
(3)改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
(4)多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维混合后,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
进一步的,具体制备步骤为:
(1)预处理竹纤维的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液以及浓度为0.3mol/L的高锰酸钾溶液按质量比为1:10:3混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
升高上述水浴锅温度至80~85℃,保温预氧化处理1~2h,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和浓度为1mol/L的氯化镁溶液按质量比为1:5混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应20~30min后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水按质量比为1:12混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,在压力为1.2~1.5MPa、温度为210~220℃下高温高压热处理6~8h,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
(2)改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和质量分数为30%的聚磷酸铵溶液按质量比为1:12混合后放入超声振荡仪中,以30~40kHz的频率超声振荡浸渍8~10h,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
(3)改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温至180~200℃使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入聚丙烯母料质量8%的三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌1~2h,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
(4)多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维按质量比为10:3混合后,在螺杆压力为0.5~0.7MPa的作用下,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合1~2h,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
本发明首先制得改性竹纤维,再将改性竹纤维和改性聚丙烯熔融液复配经喷丝、牵引、热粘合后得到多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料,本发明以多羟基的竹纤维为原料,对其进行了预氧化以及高温高压处理,利用高温高压处理竹纤维,使得竹纤维部分水解,水解作用可促使糠醛产生,在此过程中,上述水解产物还可能发生缩合或缩聚(树脂化),因此高温高压反应可使竹纤维树脂化,从而增加纤维和聚丙烯基体之间的相容性,并且树脂化的纤维表面粘性提高,有利于和聚磷酸铵的吸附配合,本发明将预处理竹纤维和聚磷酸铵溶液混合浸渍处理,得到改性竹纤维,而竹纤维是天然纤维素纤维,是一种多元醇,而聚磷酸铵能促使多元醇成炭,聚磷酸铵在燃烧受热时释放出的磷酸或多磷酸能与羟基反应生成磷酸酯,磷化纤维素分解时释放出阻燃的二氧化碳和水,而配糖体的分裂被抑制,由于发生脱水反应,固体渣中就含有大量的不饱和物,并是芳族炭的优良前体,快速积累的炭层成为保护性层,防止燃烧进一步发生,因此本发明改性竹纤维的加入提高了本发明多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的阻燃性能,此外经牵引纺丝后热粘合的墙壁面料本身结构疏松多孔,可以多层吸收发射声音,具有隔音吸声的效果,应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
混合液的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液以及浓度为0.3mol/L的高锰酸钾溶液按质量比为1:10:3混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
预处理竹纤维的制备:
升高上述水浴锅温度至80~85℃,保温预氧化处理1~2h,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和浓度为1mol/L的氯化镁溶液按质量比为1:5混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应20~30min后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水按质量比为1:12混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,在压力为1.2~1.5MPa、温度为210~220℃下高温高压热处理6~8h,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和质量分数为30%的聚磷酸铵溶液按质量比为1:12混合后放入超声振荡仪中,以30~40kHz的频率超声振荡浸渍8~10h,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温至180~200℃使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入聚丙烯母料质量8%的三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌1~2h,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
多功能环保墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维按质量比为10:3混合后,在螺杆压力为0.5~0.7MPa的作用下,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合1~2h,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
实例1
混合液的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液以及浓度为0.3mol/L的高锰酸钾溶液按质量比为1:10:3混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
预处理竹纤维的制备:
升高上述水浴锅温度至80℃,保温预氧化处理1h,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和浓度为1mol/L的氯化镁溶液按质量比为1:5混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应20min后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水按质量比为1:12混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,在压力为1.2MPa、温度为210℃下高温高压热处理6h,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和质量分数为30%的聚磷酸铵溶液按质量比为1:12混合后放入超声振荡仪中,以30kHz的频率超声振荡浸渍8h,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温至180℃使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入聚丙烯母料质量8%的三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌1h,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
多功能环保墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维按质量比为10:3混合后,在螺杆压力为0.5MPa的作用下,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合1h,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
实例2
混合液的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液以及浓度为0.3mol/L的高锰酸钾溶液按质量比为1:10:3混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
预处理竹纤维的制备:
升高上述水浴锅温度至83℃,保温预氧化处理2h,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和浓度为1mol/L的氯化镁溶液按质量比为1:5混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应25min后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水按质量比为1:12混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,在压力为1.3MPa、温度为215℃下高温高压热处理7h,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和质量分数为30%的聚磷酸铵溶液按质量比为1:12混合后放入超声振荡仪中,以35kHz的频率超声振荡浸渍9h,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温至190℃使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入聚丙烯母料质量8%的三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌2h,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
多功能环保墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维按质量比为10:3混合后,在螺杆压力为0.6MPa的作用下,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合1h,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
实例3
混合液的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液以及浓度为0.3mol/L的高锰酸钾溶液按质量比为1:10:3混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
预处理竹纤维的制备:
升高上述水浴锅温度至85℃,保温预氧化处理2h,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和浓度为1mol/L的氯化镁溶液按质量比为1:5混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应30min后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水按质量比为1:12混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,在压力为1.5MPa、温度为220℃下高温高压热处理8h,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和质量分数为30%的聚磷酸铵溶液按质量比为1:12混合后放入超声振荡仪中,以40kHz的频率超声振荡浸渍10h,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温至200℃使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入聚丙烯母料质量8%的三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌2h,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
多功能环保墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维按质量比为10:3混合后,在螺杆压力为0.7MPa的作用下,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合2h,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
对照例:制备方法和实施例1的制备方法类似,唯有不同的是用普通的竹纤维代替本申请的改性竹纤维;
分别对本申请的实施例和对照例中的墙壁面料进行性能检测,检测结果如表1所示。
1、测试方法:
氧指数测试采用氧指数测试仪进行检测;
隔音性能测试按JG T266-2011标准进行检测。
表1 性能检测结果
由上表中检测数据可以看出,由于对照例中没有使用本申请自制的改性竹纤维,因此最终制得的墙壁材料的氧指数降低,水平燃烧长度增加,垂直燃烧时间增加,说明对照例的阻燃性降低,此外对照例中墙壁面料的隔音性能也降低,由此看出,本发明使用的改性竹纤维起到了提高墙壁面料阻燃性能和隔音性能的效果,具有广阔的应用前景。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)预处理竹纤维的制备:
称取竹纤维放入粉碎机中粉碎,将粉碎产物和浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液以及浓度为0.3mol/L的高锰酸钾溶液按质量比为1:10:3混合后放入水浴锅中,搅拌混合得到混合液;
升高上述水浴锅温度至80~85℃,保温预氧化处理1~2h,预氧化处理结束后过滤分离得到滤渣,将得到滤渣和浓度为1mol/L的氯化镁溶液按质量比为1:5混合,放置在摇床上振荡反应20~30min后过滤,分离得到滤渣;
将上述得到滤渣和去离子水按质量比为1:12混合后放入高温高压反应釜中,在压力为1.2~1.5MPa、温度为210~220℃下高温高压热处理6~8h,处理结束后过滤得到滤饼,即为预处理竹纤维;
(2)改性竹纤维的制备:
将上述预处理竹纤维和质量分数为30%的聚磷酸铵溶液按质量比为1:12混合后放入超声振荡仪中,以30~40kHz的频率超声振荡浸渍8~10h,浸渍结束后,过滤分离得到浸渍滤饼,即为改性竹纤维,备用;
(3)改性聚丙烯熔融液的制备:
称取聚丙烯母料放入反应釜中,并向反应釜中通入氮气保护,加热升温至180~200℃使得聚丙烯母料熔化,熔化后再向反应釜中依次加入聚丙烯母料质量8%的三氧化二锑,继续保温混合搅拌1~2h,得到改性聚丙烯熔融液;
(4)多功能环保阻燃墙壁面料的制备:
将上述改性聚丙烯熔融液和备用的改性竹纤维按质量比为10:3混合后,在螺杆压力为0.5~0.7MPa的作用下,经喷丝孔挤出成型,自然冷却至室温,干燥,得到改性聚丙烯纤维,再将改性聚丙烯纤维经牵伸气流牵引,吹向滚筒上热黏合1~2h,即得多功能环保墙壁面料。
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