CN111139196A - 一株厌氧嗜烃产气菌tp-1及其应用 - Google Patents
一株厌氧嗜烃产气菌tp-1及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP‑1及其应用,本发明的菌株来自胜利油田河口采油厂某油井的产出液,在65℃厌氧条件下通过嗜烃产气性能反复筛选传代获得,其分类命名为:短杆菌Brevibacterium sp,其保藏编号为:CGMCC No.16468。本发明的菌株生长温度45~80℃,生长pH值范围5~8,耐盐0~18%,对饱和烃的降解率达到50%以上,对胶质沥青质的降解率达到40%以上,生成气中甲烷的含量达到50%以上,物理模拟实验提高采收率大于15%。该菌株的发酵液应用于微生物单井吞吐,平均单井增油量大于200t。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1及其在微生物采油中的应用,属于微生物采油和环境生物技术领域。
背景技术
微生物采油是通过向油藏注入经筛选的采油功能菌和/或激活剂,利用功能菌的生长代谢活动及其代谢产物对油藏中岩石、流体作用,提高原油采收率。主要原理包括微生物产生物气、产表面活性剂以及微生物对原油的降解等联合作用。微生物具有本质降粘作用,通过降解原油中的长链烷烃,破坏胶质沥青质网状结构,从而降低原油粘度;并且微生物可以通过原位产生物气,其主要成分是甲烷、二氧化碳,这些气体能够有效增加油层压力,降低原油粘度,挤压多孔介质中的残余油,提高剩余油动用程度,是微生物提高原油采收率的重要机理。
微生物采油工艺实施过程中,氧气在油藏前端很快就被注水井附近的还原性物质和好氧微生物消耗掉,不能扩散到油藏中后部,因此油藏内部实际上是一个封闭的厌氧环境。目前提高原油采收率的菌株绝大部分是好氧或兼性厌氧微生物,这些菌株对油藏厌氧环境的适应性差,生长代谢速率低,并且在厌氧条件下嗜烃产气的驱油功能的微生物较少,因此不能有效激活油藏中后部富集的剩余油,影响微生物采油效果。因此针对上述情况,需要筛选出厌氧嗜烃产气菌,有效提高厌氧菌代谢速率,降低稠油粘度,提高原油采收率。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一株能应用于微生物采油的厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种含有上述微生物菌株的菌剂或由该微生物菌株制备的发酵液。
本发明的目的之三是将上述微生物菌株、其菌剂或发酵液在微生物单井吞吐中的应用,实现厌氧嗜烃产气,提高油井的产量。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明提供了一株厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1,以下简称TP-1,是从胜利油田河口采油厂某油井的产出液中分离,在65℃厌氧条件下通过嗜烃产气性能反复筛选传代获得。该菌株已经在2018年9月12日提交保藏;保藏编号为:CGMCC No.16468;保藏单位:中国微生物保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心;保藏地址:中国北京朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所;该菌株的分类命名为:短杆菌Brevibacterium sp.。
本发明提供的厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的菌落形态特征如下:在固体培养基上培养1~2d出现的菌落直径为0.4~0.8mm,菌落形态呈不规则椭圆形,表面湿润半透明,白色,菌体经革兰氏染色呈阳性,细菌形态为短杆状,无周生鞭毛。生长温度45~80℃,最适生长温度65℃,生长pH范围5~8,NaCl耐受性0~18%。
本发明提供的厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的部分生理生化特征如表1所示:
表1 TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的部分生理生化特征
注:“+”表示反应阳性“-”表示反应阴性
参照《Bergey’s Mannual of Systematic Bacteriology》的内容,根据其形态特征和生理生化特征,以及参照该菌16S rDNA基因序列在GenBnk中的比对结果构建系统发育树(图2)进行分析,鉴定TP-1为一新菌,属于短杆菌属(Brevibacterium sp.)。
本发明厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的厌氧培养基:葡萄糖0.5wt%,蛋白胨1wt%,酵母粉0.3wt%,K2HPO4 0.275wt%,NaCl 1wt%,半胱氨酸0.5wt‰,pH值7,余量为水(固体培养基另加琼脂2wt%),pH值为7.0。本发明菌株在45-80℃之间的适宜温度下厌氧生长。
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的性能评价参数:生长能力、嗜烃降解原油能力、产气能力、物理模拟实验提高采收率值。
(1)生长能力
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468接种于厌氧培养基中,65℃下静置培养3d,进行细菌密度测试。
(2)嗜烃降解原油能力
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1接种于添加了脱水原油的厌氧培养基中,菌液与脱水原油按照10:1的比例培养15d,然后将原油采用蒸馏、过滤、干燥、离心分离等方法进行预处理,除去原油样品中的杂质,进行沥青质和原油族组分含量的测定。沥青质含量测定:根据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准:SH/T 0226-92,测定原油沥青质含量;原油族组分含量测定:根据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准:SH/T 0226-92,测定胶质和饱和烃的含量。
(3)产气能力
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1接种于添加了脱水原油的厌氧培养基中,菌液与脱水原油按照10:1的比例培养15d,采用气相色谱(岛津GC-2010)测定气体组分中甲烷的含量。
(4)物理模拟驱油评价
①岩心准备:装填岩心和灭菌,测定空气渗透率;
②抽真空、饱和模拟地层水,测定岩心孔隙度PV;
③饱和原油,岩心老化7d,计算束缚水饱和度;
④一次水驱,水驱至出口含水98%,计算一次水驱采收率;
⑤注入厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468发酵液0.2PV~0.3PV;
⑥二次水驱,水驱至出口含水100%,计算厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468发酵液提高采收率值。
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的性能:厌氧条件下生长,细菌浓度可达3×108个/mL以上;厌氧条件下,菌株对饱和烃的降解率达到50%以上,对胶质沥青质的降解率达到40%以上;厌氧条件下,生成气中甲烷的含量达到50%以上;物理模拟实验提高采收率大于15%。
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468在微生物单井吞吐中的应用,即通过油井向地层注入其发酵液,利用厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1的嗜烃和产气的功能,降低稠油粘度,提高原油流动力,从而提高单井产能,平均单井增油量大于200t。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和有益效果在于:
本发明提供的厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1 CGMCC No.16468生长温度45~80℃,生长pH值范围5~8,耐盐0~18%,菌株对饱和烃的降解率达到50%以上,对胶质沥青质的降解率达到40%以上,生成气中甲烷的含量达到50%以上,物理模拟实验提高采收率大于15%。该菌株的发酵液应用于微生物单井吞吐,平均单井增油量大于200t。
附图说明
图1为本发明厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的菌株形态图;
图2为本发明厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的系统发育树;
图3为本发明厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的耐温曲线。
图4为本发明厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468降解饱和烃和胶质沥青质的室内评价结果。
图5为本发明厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468产气室内评价结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:
本发明提供的厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468的形态特征和生理生化特征。
参照《Bergey’s Mannual of Systematic Bacteriology》的实验方法进行,检测其革兰氏染色,菌体大小和形态,有无鞭毛和芽孢,生长温度,以及触酶、淀粉水解、明胶液化、半乳糖、木糖、乳糖等生化特征。
研究结果表明,如图2所示,该菌株为革兰氏染色阳性、菌体呈短杆状、无周生鞭毛、能运动、厌氧,生长温度45~80℃,最适生长温度65℃,生长pH范围5~8,NaCl耐受性0~18%。
实施例2:
本发明提供的厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468菌液性能评价。
厌氧培养基:葡萄糖0.5wt%,蛋白胨1wt%,酵母粉0.3wt%,K2HPO40.275wt%,NaCl 1wt%,半胱氨酸0.5wt‰,pH值7,向配制好的每1L激活剂中加入1mL刃千青指示剂,煮沸,通氮气继续煮至指示剂的颜色褪去,待温度降至室温后用氮气保护分装至厌氧瓶中。121℃灭菌20min,接种量2%,温度65℃,静置培养3d后评价。
菌液的性能参数评价方法:
(1)生长能力评价
厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1 CGMCC No.16468接种于厌氧培养基中,65℃下静置培养3d,进行细菌密度测试,菌浓达到3.0×108个/mL。
(2)嗜烃降解原油能力
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1接种于添加了脱水原油的厌氧培养基中,菌液与脱水原油按照10:1的比例培养15d,然后将原油采用蒸馏、过滤、干燥、离心分离等方法进行预处理,除去原油样品中的杂质,进行沥青质和原油族组分含量的测定。沥青质含量测定:根据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准:SH/T 0226-92,测定原油沥青质含量;原油族组分含量测定:根据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准:SH/T 0226-92,测定胶质和饱和烃的含量。经测定,菌株对饱和烃的降解率为56.3%,对胶质沥青质的降解率为46.8%。
(3)产气能力
厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1接种于添加了脱水原油的厌氧培养基中,菌液与脱水原油按照10:1的比例培养15d,采用气相色谱(岛津GC-2010)测定气体组分中甲烷的含量。经测定,生成气中甲烷的含量为57.42%。
Claims (5)
1.一株厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1,其特征在于,其微生物保藏编号是CGMCC No.16468。
2.一种微生物菌剂,其特征在于,包括:权利要求1所述的厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1和厌氧培养基。
3.如权利要求2所述的微生物菌剂,其特征在于,所述的厌氧培养基组成:葡萄糖0.5wt%,蛋白胨1wt%,酵母粉0.3wt%,K2HPO4 0.275wt%,NaCl 1wt%,半胱氨酸0.5wt‰,pH值7,余量为水,pH值为7.0。
4.权利要求1所述的厌氧嗜烃产气菌(Brevibacterium sp.)TP-1或权利要求2-3任何一项所述的微生物菌剂在微生物单井吞吐中的应用。
5.如权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的在微生物单井吞吐中的应用,即通过油井向地层注入其发酵液,利用厌氧嗜烃产气菌TP-1的嗜烃和产气功能,降低稠油粘度,提高原油流动力,从而提高单井产量。
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