CN111135838B - 一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料及其制备方法。本发明制备的钼酸铋与氢氧化钴复合材料具有分散性好、比表面积大、结构稳定的特性,是良好的光催化材料,在可见光下可降解罗丹明B,展现出很好的光催化性能;在相同条件下测试其循环性能,循环三次后仍具有较好的光催化性能,具有很好的化学循环稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料及其制备方法,属于纳米材料制备领域。
背景技术
近年来,由于气候变化和水资源污染导致水资源短缺,水资源的回收和再利用在世界范围内已经得到了广泛关注,在经济和人口迅速扩大的国家中,获得洁净水正成为一个日益严重的问题。应对水资源问题的一个重要解决方案是对废水进行回收和再利用,以确保水资源的可持续利用,然而污水含有难以降解的持久性污染物,普通的污水处理方法不能完全消除这些污染物,持久性污染物可能对人类和野生动物造成严重危害,因为它们很难降解且具有致癌性。为了确保水中不含有持久性污染物,已经采用了众多水处理技术,包括吸附,膜分离和凝结等。然而这些过程只能将污染物从水中浓缩或者转化为固态,因而需要额外的成本去处理这些二次污染物。
目前光催化降解有机污染物已经被认为是一种很有前景的治理方法,半导体材料通过光照产生电子和空穴去氧化分解污染物,这是一种非常环保的处理方式。经过了四十多年的研究和发展,人们在光催化的反应机理和反应体系的开发取得了一系列的重要研究成果,但是离实际应用仍有许多重要的科学和技术问题需要解决,例如:制备能被长波长光激发的光催化剂;光生电子-空穴应具有合适的氧化还原能力;抑制光生电子-空穴的复合;有较好的稳定性对抗光腐蚀;材料廉价易得、制备方法简单等。
钼酸铋具有良好的热稳定性,易分散,无渗色和迁移;钼酸铋无毒性,不含铅,具有入口无毒的环保特性。同时,钼酸铋具有非常优秀的光催化剂性能。能够分解空气中部分对人体有害无机物质和几乎全部有害有机物质。对净化空气、净化环境起到非常重要的作用。人们常用钼酸铋做着色剂用在家装、办公室装修或玻璃外表等场合,起到净化办公室空气,防紫外线等功效。因此,钼酸铋又是近年来新兴的功能材料的一类,属于精细化工的高端科技。
氢氧化钴,常应用于锂电等储能材料的制备,本文主要利用其半导体性能,使得其与同为半导体材料的钼酸铋复合形成异质结,使得光生载流子的复合率降低,从而达到提高光催化性能的作用。
Li H等利用溶剂热和煅烧等方法的Co3O4和钼酸铋的异质结构复合材料[Li H,HuT,Zhang R,et al.Preparation of solid-state Z-scheme Bi2MoO6/MO(M=Cu,Co3/4,orNi) heterojunctions with internal electric field-improved performance inphotocatalysis[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2016,188:313-323.],首先需要将制得的Bi2MoO6与 Co(NO3)2·6H2O在水相中混合均匀并调节pH值,待加热蒸发干燥研磨后,进一步用到马弗炉在通入空气400℃条件下进行3h的煅烧,步骤繁琐,调节pH使用的酸碱化学药品也都存在危险性,同时高温煅烧所伴随的危险性比溶剂热法要高很多,需要发现更加简便易操作且相对反应条件更加温和的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料及其制备方法。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为:
一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料,片状的Co(OH)2与球状Bi2MoO6在溶剂热反应过程中共同组装成球状构建形成异质结构。
一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述步骤一称量的原料分别超声溶解于乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,称取Co(NO3)2·6H2O,将其完全溶解于无水乙醇中待用;
第四步,将上述步骤二所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,滴加步骤三所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述步骤四所得的溶液置于聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜反应完全后冷却至室温,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结构复合材料。
进一步的,第一步中Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NaMoO4·2H2O的摩尔比为2:1。
进一步的,Co(NO3)2·6H2O与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的质量比分别为1%-3%。
进一步的,滴加速度控制在3-4滴/min。
进一步的,聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜总容积为100ml,反应温度为180℃,反应时间为10h;干燥温度为60℃。
本发明与现有催化剂相比,其优点在于:(1)该方法通过简单温和的一步溶剂热法制得钼酸铋/氢氧化钴复合纳米材料;(2)保留了3D片组装成球钼酸铋的形貌结构,具有较大的比表面积等优点;(3)该材料用于光催化,在可见光下照射下与单一的钼酸铋相比具有更高的光催化性能;(4)在相同的条件下测试其循环性能,三次循环测试之后催化性能并没有太大的改变,具有良好的循环化学稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的不同的配比产物的XRD衍射图。
图2是本发明的对比实例所制备的球状钼酸铋(a)和实施例1-3与氢氧化镍复合后异质结材料(b)对应的场发射扫描电镜图(SEM),由(a)图观察到单一Bi2MoO6呈现球状形貌,且(b)图则可说明Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结构材料依旧保持球状结构。
图3是本发明的对比例所制备的球状钼酸铋(abc)和实例1-3所制备的氢氧化钴/钼酸铋异质结复合材料(def)的场发射电子显微镜图(TEM),从(ab)三图可观察到单一钼酸铋是由片组装成球,且也能(c)图较为清楚的了解到晶格尺寸,从(f)图可观察到Co(OH)2与Bi2MoO6存在接触界面。
图4是本发明的对比例所制备的球状钼酸铋和实施例1-3所制备不同比例的氢氧化钴/钼酸铋异质结复合材料的光催化性能曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步说明
本发明的Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料的制备方法通过以下步骤制备:
第一步,称取1.6886g的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4210g的NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述步骤一称量的药品分别超声溶解于5ml的乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,称取相应质量的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,将其溶解于20ml的无水乙醇中待用;
第四步,将上述步骤二所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,同时控制速度在3-4滴/min左右,匀速地滴加步骤三所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述步骤四所得的溶液置于100ml的聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜于180℃下反应10h,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结复合材料。
实施例1
第一步,称取1.6886g的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4210g的NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述步骤一称量的药品分别超声溶解于5ml的乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,称16.886mg的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,将其溶解于20ml的无水乙醇中待用;
第四步,将上述步骤二所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,同时控制速度在3-4滴/min左右,匀速地滴加步骤三所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述步骤四所得的溶液置于100ml的聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜于180℃下反应10h,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结复合材料。
实施例2
第一步,称取1.6886g的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4210g的NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述步骤一称量的药品分别超声溶解于5ml的乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,称取33.773mg的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,将其溶解于20ml的无水乙醇中待用;
第四步,将上述步骤二所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,同时控制速度在3-4滴/min左右,匀速地滴加步骤三所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述步骤四所得的溶液置于100ml的聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜于180℃下反应10h,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结复合材料。
实施例3
第一步,称取1.6886g的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4210g的NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述步骤一称量的药品分别超声溶解于5ml的乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,称取50.658mg的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,将其溶解于20ml的无水乙醇中待用;
第四步,将上述步骤二所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,同时控制速度在3-4滴/min左右,匀速地滴加步骤三所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述步骤四所得的溶液置于100ml的聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜于180℃下反应10h,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结复合材料。
对比例
第一步,称取1.6886g的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和0.4210g的NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述步骤一称量的药品分别超声溶解于5ml的乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,量取20ml的无水乙醇待用;
第四步,将上述步骤二所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,同时控制速度在3-4滴/min左右,匀速地滴加步骤三所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述步骤四所得的溶液置于100ml的聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜于180℃下反应10h,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6材料。
本发明通过简单温和的一步溶剂热法制备得到了氢氧化钴与钼酸铋的复合异质结构材料,并通过调整钴源的加入量调控氢氧化钴与钼酸铋的比例,得到了不同复合比的异质结构复合材料。
本发明的方法简便快捷,也相对更温和,避开了煅烧这一过程。目前,钼酸铋与氢氧化物的复合材料还比较少,氢氧化钴大都应用于电池等储能材料,本发明成功将其应用到光催化材料上,由此可看出本发明所涉及的氢氧化钴与钼酸铋异质结材料。
同时,钼酸铋与氢氧化钴通过界面接触形成异质结构,使得这两个半导体的费米能级发生了变化从而使得各自的导带和价带也相应发生了变化。在光照条件下,使钼酸铋导带上产生的光生电子转移到氢氧化镍的导带,而氢氧化镍价带上的空穴转移至钼酸铋的价带,从而降低了的光生载流子的复合率,也就使得光催化性能得到提升。
Claims (6)
1.一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料,其特征在于,片状的Co(OH)2与球状Bi2MoO6在溶剂热反应过程中共同组装成球状构建形成异质结构。
2.一种Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2构建形成异质结构的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步,称取Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NaMoO4·2H2O;
第二步,将上述第一步称量的原料分别超声溶解于乙二醇中,并将二者溶液混合,得到较浑浊的悬浮液;
第三步,称取Co(NO3)2·6H2O, 将其完全溶解于无水乙醇中待用;
第四步,将上述第二步所得的混合浑浊悬浮液进行磁力搅拌,滴加上述第三步所得的硝酸钴乙醇溶液,待滴加完全后继续搅拌0.5h;
第五步,将上述第四步所得的溶液置于聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜反应完全后冷却至室温,最后通过分别三次的去离子水和乙醇的洗涤离心,隔夜干燥得到片组装成球状Bi2MoO6与Co(OH)2异质结构复合材料;反应温度为180℃,反应时间为10h。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,第一步中Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NaMoO4·2H2O的摩尔比为2:1。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,第三步中,Co(NO3)2·6H2O与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的质量比分别为1%-3%。
5.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,第四步中,滴加速度控制在3-4滴/min。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,第五步中,聚四氟乙烯衬里高压釜总容积为100ml;干燥温度为60℃。
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