CN111135291A - 用于制备治疗糖皮质激素诱导的免疫抑制药物组合及运用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗糖皮质激素诱导的免疫抑制模型小鼠药物组合,包括的组分有胸腺肽和青蒿琥酯;所述胸腺肽和青蒿琥酯的重量份数为胸腺肽0.5~1.5份、青蒿琥酯0.5~1.5份。使用该方案提供的用于治疗糖皮质激素诱导的免疫抑制的药物组合物,可提升致炎细胞因子,激活免疫功能,有效提高长期使用糖皮质激素患者抗细菌二次打击的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及用于治疗长期使用糖皮质激素类药物(glucocorticoids, GC)带来的免疫抑制的药物组合运用。
背景技术
免疫系统维持着人体正常的免疫反应,对预防各种微生物等外来物的入侵、维护健康起着重要的作用。GC是一类由肾上腺皮质束状带合成的甾体类化合物,临床应用广泛,疗效明显,具有抗炎、抗过敏、免疫抑制和退热等作用。
GC介导的抗炎机制主要涉及糖皮质激素受体(glucocorticoid receptor, GR)介导的基因组效应和非基因组效应。GC介导的基因组效应主要过程为,GC是脂溶性激素,能穿过细胞膜进入细胞浆。传统观点认为,GC与细胞浆中的GR结合形成复合物后,导致分子伴侣等与GC/GR复合物解离,GC/GR复合物则转位进入细胞核,进入细胞核中的GR以同源二聚体形式与DNA上的糖皮质激素反应元件(glucocorticoid responsive elements, GREs)结合,自身空间构象发生变化,从而促进其他具有组蛋白乙酰转移酶(histone acetylase,HAT)活性的共激活因子结合到GR-DNA复合物上,导致核小体重排及DNA解螺旋,使某些转录因子结合到抗炎蛋白DNA的启动子上,促进抗炎蛋白的表达而抑制炎症反应。另外,GR还能结合到 IκB 启动子的 GRE 序列上,诱导IκB 表达,抑制NF-κB信号通路激活,进而抑制炎症介质转录和表达。除基因组效应外,GC还能介导非基因组效应,细胞浆GR介导的非基因组效应可能与激活某些酶有关,如甾体激素共激活因子(steroid receptor coactivator,SRC)从蛋白复合物中解离,激活脂皮质素-1(lipocortin-1)而抑制花生四烯酸释放,减轻炎症反应,非基因组效应目前研究较少,机制尚不清楚。除此之外,GC也可通过丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)等通路发挥抗炎作用。
GC对机体免疫反应有多个环节的抑制作用,因而用于治疗各型变态反应性疾病均有良好的效果,但是在使用大剂量GC或者GC治疗剂量长期使用后,会削弱机体的抵抗力,诱发或者加重感染,使体内隐性感染病灶扩展和播散,不利于疾病的恢复。故使用GC过程中应密切观察病情,警惕感染发生,一旦出现感染,立即查清感染的性质,选择敏感的药物进行治疗,达到迅速控制并同时撤减GCs的用量。但由于耐药细菌的不断增多以及耐药机制的复杂多变,从宿主角度出发提高机体抵御感染的能力,对提高GCs的用药安全以及防治GC抑制免疫系统引起的感染具有重要意义。
胸腺肽是以健康小牛胸腺为原料提取、精制而成的生物活性多肽制剂,是临床广泛使用的免疫调节药,具有促进淋巴细胞成熟、调节和增强人体细胞免疫功能的作用,但是对GCs引起的免疫抑制疗效并不令人满意,此外胸腺肽尚可导致过敏性休克、发热反应、急性脱髓鞘性脑病、抑郁、心律失常等不良反应,因此寻找新的免疫调节药物或者具有提高胸腺肽免疫调节作用的药物具有重要意义。
青蒿素是从青蒿属菊科植物黄花蒿(artemisia annua)中分离得到,属于倍半萜内酯化合物,含有过氧桥结构。其衍生物主要有双氢青蒿素、蒿甲醚、蒿乙醚及青蒿琥酯。自70年代发现其化学单体以来一直作为治疗恶性疟疾的主导药物,而其来源物中草药青蒿治疗疟疾相关的发热在中国已经有几千年的历史。现在临床上青蒿素及其衍生物主要用于治疗疟疾,由于该类药物疗效高、毒性低,WHO已经将青蒿素类药物作为世界治疗疟疾的主要药物。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的是发现青蒿素类药物具有良好的抗炎作用,除抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗组织纤维化、放疗增敏作用外,从而发现青蒿素衍生物青蒿琥酯具有良好的免疫调节作用的技术问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种用于制备治疗糖皮质激素诱导的免疫抑制药物组合物,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成,胸腺肽0.5~1.5份、青蒿琥酯0.5~1.5份。
进一步,所述胸腺肽和青蒿琥酯的按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成,胸腺肽1份、青蒿琥酯1份。
所述免疫抑制是指长期使用糖皮质激素造成的患者机体中的致炎细胞因子分泌较少,清除细菌能力受损的状态。
所述免疫抑制是指长期使用糖皮质激素造成的患者的免疫受到抑制或免疫处于低下状态。
采用上述技术方案的有益效果是:
本发明长期使用糖皮质激素患者在面对细菌攻击时,致炎细胞因子释放明显减少,导致机身免疫功能受到抑制或免疫处于低下状态,此时,机体对致病微生物不能进行有效的清除,容易造成细菌在体内增殖,引起机体内环境进一步紊乱、严重的最终导致死亡。本发明惊奇地发现,青蒿琥酯与胸腺肽在机身免疫功能受到抑制或免疫处于低下状态时,均不再抑制致炎细胞因子的释放,反而是促进致炎细胞因子的释放,恢复或提升机体免疫功能,从而提高机体对细菌的抵抗,可有效预防机体遭受细菌、真菌等的二次打击,降低长期使用糖皮质激素患者感染机率。
附图说明
图1为各实验组建模过程的各组的生存曲线。
图2为各实验组建模过程的各组的脾脏情况以及脾脏指数统计。
图3为各实验组建模过程的各组的胸腺情况以及胸腺指数统计。
图4为各实验组建模过程的各组血清中TNF-α含量。
图5为各实验组小鼠全血细菌载荷量。
图6为各实验组小鼠血清中IL-6含量。
图7为各实验组小鼠血清中TNF-α含量。
图8为各实验组小鼠全血中白细胞个数。
图9为各实验组小鼠肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白含量。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步详细说明:
一种用于治疗免疫抑制的药物组合物,按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成,胸腺肽0.5~1.5份、青蒿琥酯0.5~1.5份。
进一步,所述胸腺肽和青蒿琥酯的按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成,胸腺肽1份、青蒿琥酯1份。该方案中,优选了胸腺肽和青蒿琥酯的用量,该用量下药物产生的副作用少,而且治疗效果最好。
所述免疫抑制是指长期使用糖皮质激素造成的患者机体中的致炎细胞因子分泌较少,清除细菌能力受损的状态。
所述免疫抑制是指长期使用糖皮质激素造成的患者的免疫受到抑制或免疫处于低下状态。
以下实施例用于进一步描述和理解本发明,而不限制本发明的范围。
附图中数据为平均值+标准偏差,其中*p<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001。
表1为7组实施例中药物的用量(以一次服药量为准):
1. 建立小鼠免疫抑制模型
1.1造模方法
24只Balb/c雄性小鼠分成4组,每组6只,除空白组注射生理盐水外,每组分别按5、10、20 mg/kg肌肉注射注射液氢化可的松(Hydrocortisone, HC),1次/天,连续5天,第6天时腹腔注射一定剂量的大肠埃希菌悬液,6 h后观察小鼠死亡率,处死动物,对小鼠脾脏和胸腺进行称重,统计,采用试剂盒对血清TNF-α含量进行检测。
表2 接受不同剂量HC的小鼠在大肠埃希菌攻击后的存活数量
1.2 青蒿琥酯以及青蒿琥酯联合胸腺肽给药后对免疫抑制小鼠的保护作用
Balb/C雄性小鼠50只,按照以下表2的组别随机均分为5组;然后按照表2的操作进行试验过程;并与试验的第6天腹腔注射大肠埃希菌完成后6 h后处死动物,血液用于细菌载荷量检测以及血常规检测;血清用于细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6检测;结肠用于肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白含量检测。
表3试验组别、用药成分及用量
1.5 实验结果
(1)如图1至图4所示。建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,从实验结果可以看出,与对照组相比,HC5、10、20 mg/kg处理组脾脏指数均减少;随着HC剂量增大,各组小鼠面对大肠埃希菌攻击时,存活率逐渐降低,其中HC 5 mg/kg存活率为100%,HC 10 mg/kg存活率为83%,HC 20 mg/kg存活率为50%;随着HC剂量增大,小鼠脾脏和胸腺体积变小,脾脏指数与胸腺指数与Control组显著降低;随着HC剂量增大,各组小鼠接受大肠埃希菌攻击时,机体分泌TNF-α能力降低,与对照组相比,HC 5 mg/kg产生TNF-α能力在较低的水平,HC 10 mg/kg、HC 20 mg/kg产生极低水平TNF-α;综上,HC 20 mg/kg肌肉注射5天,1次/天,能造成免疫抑制小鼠模型。
(2)如图5所示,从实验结果可以看出,与对照组组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠血液细菌载荷量明显增多,AS组能够增强小鼠清除细菌能力,Th组也能一定程度增强机体清除细菌能力,但均未能完全清除体内细菌,HC+AS+Th组清除细菌能力最强,优于AS组(# P<0.05),基本能完全清除体内细菌。
(3)如图6所示,从实验结果可以看出,与对照组组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠分泌IL-6较少,AS组、Th组IL-6含量增加,HC+AS+Th组IL-6水平最高,显著高于Th组(# P<0.05),表明联合用药组IL-6释放量最多,改善效果最明显。
(4)如图7所示,从实验结果可以看出,与对照组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠分泌TNF-α较少,AS组显著增加,Th组TNF-α含量增加,HC+AS+ Th组TNF-α水平最高。
(5)如图8所示,从实验结果可以看出,与对照组组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠血液中白细胞数量显著减少,AS组白细胞数量明显增加,Th组白细胞数量略有增加,HC+AS+ Th组白细胞数量增加最多,显著高于Th组(# P<0.05),表明联合用药组白细胞数量增加最多,效果最显著。
(6)如图9所示,从实验结果可以看出,与对照组组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠血液中肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白含量显著减少,免疫能力下降,AS组肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白含量明显增加,Th组肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白含量略有增加,HC+AS+Th组肠道分泌型免疫球蛋白含量增加最多,改善效果最明显。
综上,对于由HC诱导的免疫抑制小鼠,使用AS和Th后均能一定程度改善机体免疫能力,但组合用药后改善效果最为明显。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于制备治疗糖皮质激素诱导的免疫抑制药物组合物,其特征在于:按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成,胸腺肽0.5~1.5份、青蒿琥酯0.5~1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于制备治疗糖皮质激素诱导的免疫抑制药物组合物,其特征在于:所述胸腺肽和青蒿琥酯的按照重量份数计,由以下原料制备而成,胸腺肽1份、青蒿琥酯1份。
3.如权利要求1所述的用途,所述免疫抑制是指长期使用糖皮质激素造成的患者机体中的致炎细胞因子分泌较少,清除细菌能力受损的状态。
4.如权利要求1所述的用途,所述免疫抑制是指长期使用糖皮质激素造成的患者的免疫受到抑制或免疫处于低下状态。
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