CN111135196B - Silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111135196B
CN111135196B CN202010054953.1A CN202010054953A CN111135196B CN 111135196 B CN111135196 B CN 111135196B CN 202010054953 A CN202010054953 A CN 202010054953A CN 111135196 B CN111135196 B CN 111135196B
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mulberry leaf
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CN111135196A (en
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林碧敏
钟杨生
陈芳艳
林健荣
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South China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm moth processing, and relates to silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder and a preparation method thereof. The mulberry leaf powder is added into the silkworm moth powder, so that the silkworm moth powder is dried and crushed, the average particle size of the prepared silkworm moth powder can reach 18.23 mu m, the specific surface area is large, the silkworm moth powder is easy to dissolve, the nutritional ingredients and bioactive substances of the silkworm moth powder are easy to absorb and utilize by a human body, the requirements of food additives can be met, and the silkworm moth powder has important application value in the fields of medicine and food health care.

Description

Silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm moth processing, and particularly relates to silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The silkworm moth contains a large amount of protein, has complete amino acid types, a proper proportion and rich physiological active substances, such as cytochrome C, vitamin B12, phospholipid, juvenile hormone, brain hormone, ecdysone, male hormone of male moth, estradiol of female moth and the like. Wherein, the androgen has obvious effect on enhancing the immunity and the sexual function of the human body; the ecdysone has the effects of promoting cell growth, stimulating dermal cell division, and generating new living cells and germ cells; estradiol is clinically used for various symptoms caused by ovarian insufficiency or ovarian hormone deficiency; juvenile hormone has miraculous effects of increasing blood flow of immune artery, controlling synthesis of specific protein, promoting growth, and preventing aging; the brain hormone has excellent health care effect on middle-aged and elderly people, can promote cell growth, postpone arrival of climacteric period, and achieve the effect of delaying aging. In addition, the silkworm moth contains rich oil, and the fat content of the silkworm moth accounts for 46.24% of the dry weight, wherein about 75% of the fat content is unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid and linoleic acid). Also has various physiological functions of reducing serum cholesterol, preventing arteriosclerosis, hypertension and the like. Therefore, the components contained in the silkworm moths have extremely high application value for adjusting the functions of the human body, and the silkworm moths are good products with homology of medicine and food for food therapy, health preservation, health care and invigoration.
The current treatment mode of the silkworm moths is mainly used as feed or fertilizer [ CN107019121A ], even abandon, but not reasonably utilize, and cause the waste of resources. The silkworm moth has rich nutrition and multiple functional components, can be used as an ideal raw material of functional food, along with the development of science and technology economy, the consumption quality and the consumption level of people are continuously improved, the health care consciousness is gradually enhanced, the silkworm moth health care products are more and more concerned by people, the male silkworm moth is researched to be used for preparing health care wine, for example, patent CN104774716A discloses a preparation method of the male silkworm moth tonic wine, and the unique high-activity tonic yin-yang health care wine is developed by utilizing the medicinal and edible food resources of male silkworm moth, cordyceps militaris and Chinese medicinal materials in patent CN 102965260A. In addition, male silkworm moth is also used for preparing health care products, for example, in patent CN109043541A, male silkworm moth is used for preparing a health care food for tonifying qi, replenishing vital essence, warming kidney and tonifying yang, and patent CN104026566A discloses a nano milk beverage, and the male silkworm moth is used as a core raw material for preparing a functional beverage with comprehensive nutrition. However, in such technologies, various active ingredients of the silkworm moth are not fully and efficiently utilized, and how to improve the industrial utilization value of the silkworm moth with high added value is also a key research field of current technologists for finding a new way for the effective utilization of the silkworm moth.
In order to improve the comprehensive utilization value of silkworm moths, silkworm moths can be prepared into silkworm moth powder so as to improve the utilization rate of silkworm moths, patent CN101647827A provides a method for preparing silkworm female moth powder, which is to prepare the silkworm female moth powder with high estradiol content by using silkworm female moths with strong estradiol enriching and synthesizing performance under the technical treatment of efficiently synthesizing and enriching estradiol and keeping high activity of the estradiol and the like of the silkworm female moths and can be used for preventing and treating climacteric syndrome of women. However, the method adopts a freeze-drying method for drying, the cost is high, and the obtained silk moth powder is sieved by a 300-400-mesh sieve, so that the particle size is large, and the nutritional ingredients and bioactive substances are not easy to absorb and utilize by a human body. At present, in order to achieve a good crushing effect, the silkworm moth oil is usually separated firstly and then crushed, but the silkworm moth protein denaturation is easily caused in the process of extracting the silkworm moth oil, the nutritive value of the silkworm moth protein is reduced, fat-soluble hormone components such as estradiol are taken away by a solvent, and the whole process is complex.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new preparation method, which makes the prepared silk moth powder have a suitable particle size, and makes the nutritional ingredients and bioactive substances of the silk moth powder easy to be absorbed and utilized by human body, so as to provide a novel material for preparing health food and expand the utilization prospect of the silk moth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the technical problem that silkworm moths contain more lipid and are difficult to process into superfine powder. According to the invention, the mulberry leaf powder is added into the silk moth powder, so that the prepared silk moth powder has a smaller particle size, the nutritional ingredients and bioactive substances of the silk moth powder are easier to be absorbed and utilized by human bodies, the requirements of food additives are met, and the silk moth powder has an important application value in the fields of medicine and food health care.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder.
The invention also aims to provide the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder in preparation of health-care food or medicines.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning the silk moth, removing scale hair, drying and crushing to obtain silk moth coarse powder;
s2, drying and crushing mulberry leaves to obtain mulberry leaf powder;
s3, uniformly mixing the silkworm moth coarse powder and the mulberry leaf powder, and drying to obtain silkworm moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder;
and S4, crushing the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder obtained in the step S3 by using a nano crusher to prepare the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder.
Because the content of the silkworm moth lipid is high, the silkworm moth is not easy to be crushed and processed into micro powder after being dried conventionally, therefore, the mulberry leaf powder is added into the silkworm moth coarse powder, the lipid in the silkworm moth powder can be effectively adsorbed, the drying and the crushing are facilitated, and the crushing operation is simpler; the obtained silk moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder can be stored for a long time, the conditions of the storage temperature, humidity and the like are relaxed, and the prepared silk moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder contains abundant physiologically active functional substances such as flavone, polysaccharide, carotene, DNJ, gamma-aminobutyric acid and the like, and has excellent physiological effects.
In the research of the invention, the dried silk moth powder is directly crushed by a nano crusher, and the silk moth is basically adhered to the inner wall of the machine and cannot be crushed.
Preferably, the silkworm moth is a fresh silkworm moth after seed production.
Preferably, the pulverization in the step S4 is performed at-10 to 10 ℃.
Most preferably, the temperature of the pulverization treatment of step S4 is 0 ℃.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silk moth coarse powder to the mulberry leaf powder in the step S3 is 1: 1-2.
Most preferably, the mass ratio of the silk moth coarse powder to the mulberry leaf powder in the step S3 is 1: 1.
Preferably, the mulberry leaf powder in the step S2 is 100-200 mesh mulberry leaf powder.
Most preferably, the mulberry leaf powder of step S2 is 200 mesh mulberry leaf powder.
Preferably, the drying in the step S3 is performed until the moisture content of the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder is less than or equal to 5%.
Preferably, the drying in step S1 is drying at 50-60 ℃ for 4-5 hours.
Most preferably, the drying of step S1 is drying at 60 ℃ for 4 hours.
Preferably, the mulberry leaves are of the variety anti-blue No. 10 mulberry. Because the folium mori of No. 10 of green resistance contains the most abundant substances such as polysaccharide, flavone, DNJ, gamma-aminobutyric acid and the like.
The silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the invention has the advantages that the nutrition and biological active substances are diverse and unique, the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is rich in animal and plant proteins, the amino acids are complete in variety, the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder contains testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, glucocorticoid, flavone, polysaccharide, carotene, DNJ, gamma-aminobutyric acid and other physiological active ingredients, has the functions of enhancing the immunity of a human body, promoting the growth of cells, regulating the functions of the human body, strengthening the kidney, reducing blood sugar and the like, and the rich linoleic acid and linoleic acid also have the physiological functions of reducing serum cholesterol, preventing arteriosclerosis, hypertension and the like. Therefore, the method has wide application prospect in the fields of medicine and food health care.
The invention also provides the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the preparation method. The average particle size of the obtained silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is 18.23-24.84 microns.
The silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder obtained by the invention has high quality, small particle size, large specific surface area and high water solubility, active functional substances contained in the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder are more easily fully utilized, and health-care ingredients are more easily absorbed by a human body, so that the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder can be used as a functional biological material to be applied to the aspects of medicine or food fields.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the mulberry leaf powder is added into the silkworm moth coarse powder after seed production for mixing and crushing, so that the technical problem that the silkworm moth is difficult to dry and crush into superfine powder due to high lipid content is solved, the average particle size of the prepared superfine powder can reach 18.23 mu m, and the superfine powder can be easily absorbed and utilized by a human body to fully exert the activity function of the silkworm moth.
2. The silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder obtained for the first time solves the problems of reduction of biological activity of silkworm moths and loss of nutrient substances caused by the existing high-temperature drying method, has comprehensive amino acid composition, contains abundant polysaccharide, flavone, DNJ, gamma-aminobutyric acid and the like, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol and glucocorticoid, has better health care function and biological activity, and has important application value in the field of health care food or medicines.
3. The method provided by the invention can also realize the preparation of the silkworm moth ultrafine powder after silkworm eggs are prepared, and the prepared ultrafine powder contains various functional active ingredients, has an excellent health-care function and can realize the resource utilization of the waste silkworm moths.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the prepared Bombycis Mori/folium Mori composite superfine powder;
FIG. 2 shows the obtained silk moth powder;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic view of the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder;
FIG. 4 is a microscopic view of moth powder;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the particle size detection and analysis of the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the particle size analysis of silk moth powder.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
1. Detection of particle size of silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder
The particle size of the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder is determined by using a TopSizer type laser particle sizer according to a detection method of QB/T465-2012.
2. Detection of content of silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder kidney-invigorating functional active substance
Detecting by using AGLIENT1260 high performance liquid chromatograph connected in series with 6420A mass spectrometer according to HPLC-MS/MS technical scheme.
3. Detection of silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder water-soluble total sugar and metal elements
The water-soluble total sugar is determined by adopting an anthrone colorimetric method, and the metal element is detected by adopting an atomic absorption method.
4. Detection of amino acid content in silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder
According to the determination standard of amino acids in GB 5009.124-2016 national food safety standard, the amino acids are detected by an amino acid analyzer (Hitachi L-8900 type).
5. The test instrument: a Chinese herbal medicine grinder, model FW135, Tensted instruments, Tenjin.
Example 1 preparation of Bombycis mori/Mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder and Bombycis mori powder
1. Preparing the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder:
s1, taking a fresh silkworm moth, washing the moth body with clear water, removing scale wool, and cleaning the moth body;
s2, drying the silkworm moths treated in the step S1 at 60 ℃ for 4h to obtain dried silkworm moths;
s3, crushing the dry silkworm moths by using a crusher to obtain silkworm moth coarse powder;
s4, sun-drying and crushing anti-green No. 10 mulberry leaves into 200-mesh mulberry leaf powder;
s5, silkworm moth coarse powder and mulberry leaf powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mixing and drying until the water content is 5 percent to obtain the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder;
s6, crushing the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder obtained in the step S5 through a nano crusher at the temperature of 0 ℃ to prepare the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder.
The prepared silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is shown in figure 1, and the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is yellow green and fine in superfine powder particles as can be seen from figure 1.
2. Preparation method of silk moth powder
Drying fresh silk moth in 60 deg.C oven for 24 hr, pulverizing the dried silk moth powder with pulverizer, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve.
The photograph of the obtained silk moth powder after passing through a 50 mesh sieve is shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen that the obtained silk moth powder is yellowish brown and coarse in particle size.
The obtained silk moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder and silk moth powder are observed by a microscope, and the results are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and from fig. 3, the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder with 50% of particle diameter about 5 μm is seen, is irregular and transparent; 50% of the particles have a diameter of about 20 μm, are semitransparent and are in the shape of an irregular triangle or an irregular strip; the whole particles are uniformly distributed; as can be seen from FIG. 4, the silkworm moth powder has a diameter of about 250 μm, is irregular and opaque, and has particles adhered together and agglomerated.
3. Particle size and active ingredient content analysis
(1) Ultrafine powder particle size distribution
The obtained ultrafine powder and powder have particle size distribution shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and have average particle size of 18.23 μm and average particle size of 121.56 μm.
(2) Content of hormone substances
TABLE 1 ultra-fine powder hormone substance content (ng/g)
Testosterone Progesterone Estradiol Glucocorticoids
Silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder 16.34 9.67 576.17 6.75
Silkworm moth powder 0.43 0.78 120.14 0.73
Compared with the silk moth powder, the content of testosterone, progesterone, estradiol and glucocorticoid in the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is respectively 38 times, 12.4 times, 4.8 times and 9.2 times of the silk moth powder, and the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder has higher bioactive components.
(3) Content of water-soluble total sugar and metal elements in superfine powder
TABLE 2 Water-soluble Total sugar and Metal element content of the micropowder
Composition (I) Silkworm moth Fe Silkworm moth powder
Water soluble total sugar 11.11% 0.97%
Polyphenol 0.7% 0.65%
Ca 7.23×103mg/kg 5.60×103mg/kg
Mg 2.56×103mg/kg 0.656×103mg/kg
Zn 98.1mg/kg 1.30×103mg/kg
Fe 428mg/kg 93.94mg/kg
The content of total sugar and polyphenol in the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is higher than that of simple silk moth powder, and the content of Fe, Mg and Zn is far higher than that of the silk moth powder and is respectively 3.9 times, 75.5 times and 4.55 times of the silk moth powder.
(4) Ultra-fine powder amino acid content
TABLE 3 ultra-fine amino acid content
Figure BDA0002372479190000061
Figure BDA0002372479190000071
The silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder contains 17 amino acids such as aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline and the like, contains 7 amino acids such as lysine, methionine, valine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and the like which are necessary for a human body, and the proportion of the 7 necessary amino acids accounts for 38.84 percent of total amino acids.
In conclusion, the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the method contains rich bioactive components and has an excellent health-care function.
Example 2 preparation of Bombycis mori/Mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder
S1, taking the fresh silkworm moths after seed production, washing the bodies of the silkworms with clear water, removing scale wool and cleaning the bodies of the silkworms;
s2, drying the silkworm moths treated in the step S1 at 50 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain dried silkworm moths;
s3, crushing the dry silkworm moths by using a crusher to obtain silkworm moth coarse powder;
s4, sun-drying and crushing anti-green No. 10 mulberry leaves into 100-mesh mulberry leaf powder;
s5, silkworm moth coarse powder and mulberry leaf powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 2, mixing and drying until the water content is 4 percent to obtain the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder;
s6, crushing the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder obtained in the step S5 through a nano crusher at the temperature of-10 ℃ to prepare the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder.
The average particle size of the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the embodiment is 24.84 microns, the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is yellow green, the superfine powder particles are fine, and the whole particles are uniformly distributed; the content of testosterone, progesterone, estradiol and glucocorticoid in the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is 32 times, 14 times, 3 times and 7 times of that of silk moth powder; contains water soluble sugar, polyphenol, and multiple substances such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, etc., and can provide major elements such as calcium, magnesium, etc., and trace elements such as zinc, iron, etc., essential to human body; also contains 7 amino acids such as lysine, methionine, valine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, etc., wherein the proportion of 7 essential amino acids accounts for 35.14% of total amino acids, and has good health promotion function.
Example 3 preparation of Bombycis mori/Mulberry leaf composite ultrafine powder
S1, taking the fresh silkworm moths after seed production, washing the bodies of the silkworms with clear water, removing scale wool and cleaning the bodies of the silkworms;
s2, drying the silkworm moths treated in the step S1 at 60 ℃ for 4h to obtain dried silkworm moths;
s3, crushing the dry silkworm moths by using a crusher to obtain silkworm moth coarse powder;
s4, sun-drying and crushing anti-green No. 10 mulberry leaves into 200-mesh mulberry leaf powder;
s5, silkworm moth coarse powder and mulberry leaf powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, mixing and drying until the water content is 5 percent to obtain the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder;
s6, crushing the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder obtained in the step S5 through a nano crusher at the temperature of 10 ℃ to prepare the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder.
Similarly, the average particle size of the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the embodiment is 20.75 microns, the silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is yellow green, the superfine powder particles are fine, and the whole particles are uniformly distributed; the content of testosterone, progesterone, estradiol and glucocorticoid in the silk moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is 37.1 times, 12.7 times, 5.7 times and 7.3 times of that of silk moth powder; contains water soluble sugar, polyphenol, and multiple substances such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, etc., and can provide major elements such as calcium, magnesium, etc., and trace elements such as zinc, iron, etc., essential to human body; also contains 7 amino acids such as lysine, methionine, valine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, etc., wherein the proportion of 7 essential amino acids accounts for 30.77% of total amino acids, and has good health promotion function.
The above examples only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method of silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cleaning the silkworm moth, removing scale hair, drying and crushing to obtain silkworm moth coarse powder;
s2, drying and crushing mulberry leaves to obtain mulberry leaf powder;
s3, mixing the silkworm moth coarse powder and the mulberry leaf powder uniformly, and drying to obtain silkworm moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder;
s4, superfine grinding the silk moth/mulberry leaf compound powder obtained in the step S3 to prepare silk moth/mulberry leaf compound superfine powder;
wherein the superfine grinding in the step S4 is carried out at the temperature of-10 to 10 ℃;
step S3, the mass ratio of the silk moth coarse powder to the mulberry leaf powder is 1: 1-2;
step S2, the mulberry leaf powder is 100-200 meshes of mulberry leaf powder;
step S3, drying until the water content of the silk moth/mulberry leaf mixed powder is less than or equal to 5%;
and step S1, drying at 50-60 ℃ for 4-5 hours.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mulberry leaves are of the variety anti-blue No. 10 mulberry.
3. The silkworm moth/mulberry leaf composite superfine powder prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 or 2.
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CN104432286A (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-03-25 广西象州华佳蚕种场有限公司 Method for removing lepis wings of male silkworm moths
CN110507705A (en) * 2019-09-25 2019-11-29 山东大学 A kind of preparation method of mulberry leaf edible powder

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