CN111121841A - Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing device and method - Google Patents

Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing device and method Download PDF

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CN111121841A
CN111121841A CN201911138840.3A CN201911138840A CN111121841A CN 111121841 A CN111121841 A CN 111121841A CN 201911138840 A CN201911138840 A CN 201911138840A CN 111121841 A CN111121841 A CN 111121841A
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magnetic field
fiber
optical fiber
michelson
fiber optic
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徐荣辉
牛国振
张先强
刘厚权
邓洪昌
邓世杰
苑立波
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Guilin University of Electronic Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/54Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using means specified in two or more of groups G01D5/02, G01D5/12, G01D5/26, G01D5/42, and G01D5/48
    • G01D5/56Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using means specified in two or more of groups G01D5/02, G01D5/12, G01D5/26, G01D5/42, and G01D5/48 using electric or magnetic means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/54Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using means specified in two or more of groups G01D5/02, G01D5/12, G01D5/26, G01D5/42, and G01D5/48
    • G01D5/58Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using means specified in two or more of groups G01D5/02, G01D5/12, G01D5/26, G01D5/42, and G01D5/48 using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light

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Abstract

本文公开了一种迈克尔逊光纤磁场传感装置与方法。包括宽带光源(1)、光隔离器(2)、光纤耦合器(3)、第一光纤镜(4)、磁场传感头(5)、第二光纤镜(6)、光谱仪(7)。由光纤耦合器、第一光纤镜、磁场传感头和第二光纤镜构成的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪对宽带光源进行光谱切割。由磁流体芯液芯光纤构成的磁场传感头受外部磁场作用,磁流体芯液芯光纤中的磁流体折射率发生改变,从而使迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪的参考臂与传感臂之间产生附加光程差,从而改变切割光谱的自由光谱范围,通过光谱仪对切割光谱的自由光谱范围的测量即可计算出磁场传感头所处环境磁场强度。本传感装置结构简单、制作成本低、性能稳定、发展潜力大。

Figure 201911138840

This paper discloses a Michelson fiber optic magnetic field sensing device and method. It includes a broadband light source (1), an optical isolator (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), a first optical fiber mirror (4), a magnetic field sensor head (5), a second optical fiber mirror (6), and a spectrometer (7). A Michelson fiber interferometer composed of a fiber coupler, a first fiber mirror, a magnetic field sensing head and a second fiber mirror performs spectral cutting of the broadband light source. The magnetic field sensing head composed of the magnetic fluid core liquid core fiber is affected by the external magnetic field, and the magnetic fluid refractive index in the magnetic fluid core liquid core fiber changes, so that the generation between the reference arm and the sensing arm of the Michelson fiber interferometer is generated. The optical path difference is added to change the free spectral range of the cutting spectrum, and the magnetic field strength of the environment where the magnetic field sensor head is located can be calculated by measuring the free spectral range of the cutting spectrum by the spectrometer. The sensing device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, stable performance and great development potential.

Figure 201911138840

Description

Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing, and relates to a Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensor.
Background
Magnetic field sensors are devices that convert various magnetic fields and the amount of their changes into readable signals. The traditional magnetic field sensor generally realizes measurement and calculation of a magnetic field through a Hall effect, a Faraday magneto-optical effect, a giant magnetic induction effect, a magnetic saturation effect and the like, but an active metal probe can disturb the distribution of the measured magnetic field, so that the measurement is not accurate, meanwhile, a cable for transmitting signals can generate noise, inconvenience is brought to the processing and analysis of the detected signals, and the defects of low anti-electromagnetic interference performance, low sensitivity, large loss and the like of the traditional magnetic field sensor are caused.
The optical fiber is widely applied to the sensing field due to the advantages of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, small loss, low cost and the like, and the Michelson interference type optical fiber magnetic field sensor is widely applied due to the advantages of simple structure, low power consumption and stable performance. In recent decades, with the development of micro-nano fiber preparation technology and magnetic material research, a novel micro-nano fiber magnetic field sensing technology based on a magnetofluid material becomes a hot point of research of people. The magnetic field sensing head is prepared by adopting a method of wrapping the micro-nano optical fiber by magnetic fluid. The micro-nano optical fiber can improve the sensitivity of a measuring magnetic field because the ambient evanescent field of the micro-nano optical fiber is very sensitive to the change of the refractive index of the external environment, but the micro-nano optical fiber preparation equipment is expensive and is easily influenced by external environment factors in the preparation process, the prepared micro-nano optical fiber has low mechanical strength and is easy to break, and the magnetic field sensing head is inconvenient to manufacture; the device for measuring the magnetic field by directly connecting the magnetic field sensing head with the spectrometer has poor stability, and the device is greatly influenced by external interference.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensor which is relatively low in cost, good in stability, simple and convenient in manufacturing process of a magnetic field sensing head and high in mechanical strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensor provided by the invention has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, lower system cost, stable performance and large developable space.
The following technical scheme is proposed for achieving the purpose:
a Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing device and a Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing method are characterized by comprising a broadband light source (1), an optical isolator (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), a first optical fiber mirror (4), a magnetic field sensing head (5), a second optical fiber mirror (6) and a spectrometer (7); the output of broadband light source (1) links to each other with the one end of optical isolator (2), the other end of optical isolator (2) links to each other with the A1 port of optical fiber coupler A end, the B1 port of optical fiber coupler B end is connected with first optical fiber mirror (3), the B2 port of optical fiber coupler B end is connected with the one end of magnetic field sensing head (5), the other end of magnetic field sensing head links to each other with second optical fiber mirror (6), the A2 port of optical fiber coupler A end links to each other with the optical input port of spectrum appearance (7).
The magnetic field sensing head adopts a sandwich structure of single-mode optical fiber-magnetofluid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber; when magnetic fluid filling is carried out, firstly, one end of a hollow quartz optical fiber which is not filled with magnetic fluid is connected with an injector by using an elastic rubber tube, then the other end of the hollow quartz optical fiber is inserted into magnetic fluid liquid, and the magnetic fluid liquid is pumped into the quartz hollow optical fiber by using the injector to complete filling, so that a magnetic fluid core optical fiber is obtained; and then, respectively plugging two ends of the magnetofluid core liquid core optical fiber by the single-mode optical fiber with the coating layer removed and the optical fiber end flattened, and sealing and reinforcing by using UV glue to finish the preparation of the magnetic field sensing head with the single-mode optical fiber-magnetofluid core liquid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber sandwich structure. The magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid core-liquid core optical fiber does not show magnetism when not acted by a magnetic field, and the refractive index of the magnetic fluid changes along with the change of the magnetic field when acted by the magnetic field.
The optical fiber coupler, the first optical fiber mirror, the magnetic field sensing head and the second optical fiber mirror are connected to form a Michelson optical fiber interferometer, a port of the optical fiber coupler B1 is connected with the first optical fiber mirror to form a reference arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer, a port of the optical fiber coupler B2, the magnetic field sensing head and the second optical fiber mirror are connected to form a sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer, and the first optical fiber mirror and the second optical fiber mirror are respectively used as reflecting mirrors of the reference arm and the sensing arm.
When the magnetic field environment of the magnetic field sensing head is changed, the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum of the Michelson fiber interferometer serving as a wide-spectrum light source cutting filter is also changed, and the size or the change of the magnetic field sensing head can be obtained through the change of the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the broadband light source enters the Michelson optical fiber interferometer through the optical isolator and then is respectively transmitted into a reference arm and a sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer, light of a light beam returning to the optical fiber coupler through the reference arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is called as reference light, light returning to the optical fiber coupler through the sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is called as signal light, and the signal light and the reference light are subjected to double-beam interference in the optical fiber coupler. The magnetic field sensing head is in a sandwich structure of single-mode optical fiber-magnetic fluid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber. When the environment temperature is room temperature, when the environment of the magnetic field sensing head has a magnetic field or a magnetic field change, the refractive index n (H) of the magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid core-liquid core optical fiber changes along with the change of the magnetic field according to the Langmuir formula, namely,
Figure BDA0002280307930000021
wherein n0 is the refractive index of the magnetofluid when the external magnetic field is smaller than a certain critical magnetic field intensity Hc, n, ns is the refractive index of the magnetofluid when the external magnetic field is saturated, T is the thermodynamic temperature, H is the external magnetic field intensity, α is an adjusting parameter.
Figure BDA0002280307930000031
In the formula, λ is the wavelength of the input light source, Δ n is the change of the refractive index of the sensing region, that is, Δ n ═ n (h) -n0, and L is the length of the magnetofluid core optical fiber in the magnetic field sensing head. When a magnetic field or a magnetic field change exists in the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is positioned, the refractive index n (H) of the magnetic fluid core liquid core optical fiber is changed, so that the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is obtainedThe additional optical path difference between the reference arm and the sensing arm changes, namely delta is delta nL, so that the free spectral range FSR of the spectrum transmission response of the Michelson fiber interferometer changes, and the magnetic field size or the change of the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is located can be obtained according to the Laplace's formula through the change of the free spectral range FSR of the spectrum transmission response of the Michelson fiber interferometer.
The invention has the advantages that:
the magnetic field sensing head adopts a sandwich structure of single-mode optical fiber-magnetic fluid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber as the sensing head of the magnetic field sensor, has simple preparation process and high mechanical strength, does not need expensive special optical fiber processing equipment, has low sensing system cost and has wide development prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensor principle.
The reference numerals in the figures are to be interpreted: the device comprises a broadband light source 1, an optical isolator 2, an optical fiber coupler 3, a first optical fiber mirror 4, a magnetic field sensing head 5, a second optical fiber mirror 6 and a spectrometer 7.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
A Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing device and a Michelson optical fiber magnetic field sensing method are characterized by comprising a broadband light source (1), an optical isolator (2), an optical fiber coupler (3), a first optical fiber mirror (4), a magnetic field sensing head (5), a second optical fiber mirror (6) and a spectrometer (7); the output of broadband light source (1) links to each other with the one end of optical isolator (2), the other end of optical isolator (2) links to each other with the A1 port of optical fiber coupler A end, the B1 port of optical fiber coupler B end is connected with first optical fiber mirror (3), the B2 port of optical fiber coupler B end is connected with the one end of magnetic field sensing head (5), the other end of magnetic field sensing head links to each other with second optical fiber mirror (6), the A2 port of optical fiber coupler A end links to each other with the optical input port of spectrum appearance (7).
The magnetic field sensing head adopts a sandwich structure of single-mode optical fiber-magnetofluid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber; when magnetic fluid filling is carried out, firstly, one end of a hollow quartz optical fiber which is not filled with magnetic fluid is connected with an injector by using an elastic rubber tube, then the other end of the hollow quartz optical fiber is inserted into magnetic fluid liquid, and the magnetic fluid liquid is pumped into the quartz hollow optical fiber by using the injector to complete filling, so that a magnetic fluid core optical fiber is obtained; and then, respectively plugging two ends of the magnetofluid core liquid core optical fiber by the single-mode optical fiber with the coating layer removed and the optical fiber end flattened, and sealing and reinforcing by using UV glue to finish the preparation of the magnetic field sensing head with the single-mode optical fiber-magnetofluid core liquid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber sandwich structure. The magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid core-liquid core optical fiber does not show magnetism when not acted by a magnetic field, and the refractive index of the magnetic fluid changes along with the change of the magnetic field when acted by the magnetic field.
The optical fiber coupler, the first optical fiber mirror, the magnetic field sensing head and the second optical fiber mirror are connected to form a Michelson optical fiber interferometer, a port of the optical fiber coupler B1 is connected with the first optical fiber mirror to form a reference arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer, a port of the optical fiber coupler B2, the magnetic field sensing head and the second optical fiber mirror are connected to form a sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer, the reference arm is as long as the sensing arm, and the first optical fiber mirror and the second optical fiber mirror are respectively used as reflectors of the reference arm and the sensing arm.
When the magnetic field environment of the magnetic field sensing head is changed, the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum of the Michelson fiber interferometer serving as a wide-spectrum light source cutting filter is also changed, and the size or the change of the magnetic field sensing head can be obtained through the change of the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum.
The working mechanism of the invention is as follows:
the broadband light source enters the Michelson optical fiber interferometer through the optical isolator and then is respectively transmitted into a reference arm and a sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer, light of a light beam returning to the optical fiber coupler through the reference arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is called as reference light, light returning to the optical fiber coupler through the sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is called as signal light, and the signal light and the reference light are subjected to double-beam interference in the optical fiber coupler. The magnetic field sensing head is of a sandwich structure of single-mode optical fiber-magnetofluid core liquid core optical fiber-single-mode optical fiber, and when the ambient temperature is room temperature, a magnetic field exists in the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is located or the magnetic field is changedThe refractive index n (H) of the magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid core-liquid core optical fiber changes along with the change of the received magnetic field according to the Langmuim formula
Figure BDA0002280307930000041
Wherein n0 is the refractive index of the magnetofluid when the external magnetic field is smaller than a certain critical magnetic field intensity Hc, n, ns is the refractive index of the magnetofluid when the external magnetic field is saturated, T is the thermodynamic temperature, H is the external magnetic field intensity, α is an adjusting parameter.
Figure BDA0002280307930000042
In the formula, λ is the wavelength of the input light source, Δ n is the change of the refractive index of the sensing region, that is, Δ n ═ n (h) -n0, and L is the length of the magnetofluid core optical fiber in the magnetic field sensing head. When a magnetic field or a magnetic field change exists in the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is located, the refractive index n (H) of the magnetic fluid core liquid core optical fiber is caused to change, so that the additional optical path difference between the reference arm and the sensing arm of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is changed, namely delta is delta nL, the free spectral range FSR of the spectral transmission response of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer is changed, and the magnetic field size or the change of the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is located can be obtained according to the Langmy formula through the change of the free spectral range FSR of the spectral transmission response of the Michelson optical fiber interferometer.
The output spectral range of the broadband light source is C + L wave band, and the output power is 100 mW.
The optical isolator is used for ensuring unidirectional transmission of light output by the broadband light source and preventing light in the opposite direction from entering the broadband light source.
The optical fiber coupler is a 3dB optical fiber coupler.
The magnetofluid core-liquid core optical fiber is characterized in that magnetofluid filled in the magnetofluid core optical fiber is processed in a special proportion in order to ensure that the refractive index of magnetofluid in the fiber core is larger than that of the cladding of the magnetofluid core optical fiber.
The first optical fiber mirror and the second optical fiber mirror are both optical fiber mirrors with reflection functions.
The above detailed description of the working process of the present invention provides a person skilled in the art with the idea of the present invention that there may be variations in the specific implementation, and these variations should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1.一种迈克尔逊光纤磁场传感装置与方法,其特征在于,包括宽带光源(1)、光隔离器(2)、光纤耦合器(3)、第一光纤镜(4)、磁场传感头(5)、第二光纤镜(6)、光谱仪(7),宽带光源(1)的输出端与光隔离器(2)的一端相连,光隔离器(2)的另一端与光纤耦合器A端的A1端口相连,光纤耦合器B端的B1端口与第一光纤镜(3)连接,光纤耦合器B端的B2端口与磁场传感头(5)的一端连接,磁场传感头的另一端与第二光纤镜(6)相连,光纤耦合器A端的A2端口与光谱仪(7)的光输入端口相连。1. A Michelson fiber optic magnetic field sensing device and method, characterized in that, comprising a broadband light source (1), an optical isolator (2), a fiber optic coupler (3), a first fiber optic mirror (4), a magnetic field sensor The head (5), the second fiber mirror (6), the spectrometer (7), the output end of the broadband light source (1) is connected to one end of the optical isolator (2), and the other end of the optical isolator (2) is connected to the optical fiber coupler The A1 port of the A end is connected to the B1 port of the B end of the fiber optic coupler, and the B1 port of the B end of the fiber optic coupler is connected to the first fiber mirror (3). The B2 port of the B end of the fiber optic coupler is connected to one end of the magnetic field sensor head (5). The second fiber mirror (6) is connected, and the A2 port of the A end of the fiber coupler is connected to the optical input port of the spectrometer (7). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种迈克尔逊光纤磁场传感装置与方法,其特征在于,光纤耦合器、第一光纤镜、磁场传感头、第二光纤镜连接构成一个迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪,光纤耦合器B1端口连接第一光纤镜构成迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪的参考臂,光纤耦合器B2端口、磁场传感头及第二光纤镜连接构成迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪的传感臂,第一光纤镜和第二光纤镜分别用作参考臂和传感臂的反射镜,光纤耦合器A1端口为迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪的光输入端口,光纤耦合器A2端口为迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪的光输出端口。2 . A Michelson fiber optic magnetic field sensing device and method according to claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber coupler, the first fiber optic mirror, the magnetic field sensing head, and the second fiber optic mirror are connected to form a Michelson fiber interference. 3 . The B1 port of the fiber optic coupler is connected to the first fiber optic mirror to form the reference arm of the Michelson fiber optic interferometer. The B2 port of the fiber optic coupler, the magnetic field sensing head and the second fiber optic mirror are connected to form the sensing arm of the Michelson fiber optic interferometer. A fiber optic mirror and a second fiber optic mirror are used as the mirrors of the reference arm and the sensing arm respectively. The A1 port of the fiber coupler is the light input port of the Michelson fiber interferometer, and the A2 port of the fiber coupler is the light input port of the Michelson fiber interferometer. output port. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种迈克尔逊光纤磁场传感装置与方法,其特征在于,构成传感臂的磁场传感头为一段单模光纤-磁流体芯液芯光纤-单模光纤三明治结构构成,磁流体芯液芯光纤在外界磁场的作用下,磁流体芯液芯光纤中的磁流体折射率发生改变,从而改变通过传感臂传输光的光程。3. A Michelson fiber optic magnetic field sensing device and method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensing head constituting the sensing arm is a single-mode fiber-magnetic fluid core liquid-core fiber-single-mode fiber The sandwich structure is formed. Under the action of the external magnetic field, the refractive index of the magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid core liquid core fiber changes, thereby changing the optical path of the light transmitted through the sensing arm. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种迈克尔逊光纤磁场传感装置与方法,其特征在于,当磁场传感头所处环境存在磁场或磁场改变时,作为切割宽谱光源的迈克尔逊光纤干涉仪传输谱的自由光谱范围也发生改变,由传输谱的自由光谱范围的变化就可以求出磁场传感头所处环境的磁场大小或变化。4 . The Michelson fiber optic magnetic field sensing device and method according to claim 1 , wherein when the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is located has a magnetic field or the magnetic field changes, the Michelson fiber as the cutting broad-spectrum light source interferes with the Michelson fiber. 5 . The free spectral range of the transmission spectrum of the instrument also changes. From the change of the free spectral range of the transmission spectrum, the magnitude or change of the magnetic field in the environment where the magnetic field sensing head is located can be obtained.
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CN111426338A (en) * 2020-05-19 2020-07-17 中国人民解放军91388部队 Optical fiber vector acoustic-magnetic composite sensor

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Application publication date: 20200508