CN104020424A - All-fiber magnetic field sensor - Google Patents
All-fiber magnetic field sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104020424A CN104020424A CN201410232444.8A CN201410232444A CN104020424A CN 104020424 A CN104020424 A CN 104020424A CN 201410232444 A CN201410232444 A CN 201410232444A CN 104020424 A CN104020424 A CN 104020424A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber magnetic field sensor. The sensor is composed of a broadband light source, a sensing head and a spectrometer, wherein two ends of one section of a photonic crystal fiber with magnetic fluid poured in are welded with a single-mode fiber to form the sensing head, one end is melted eccentrically, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with single fiber embedded is formed, changes of phase differences among different modes are caused through changes of the reflection rate of the magnetic fluid in the photonic crystal fiber, spectral shift is thus caused, the shift amount of a wave crest/a wave trough is detected to demodulate magnetic field information, and measurement on the magnetic field is realized. The all-fiber magnetic field sensor is compact in structure, small in size, simple in manufacturing, stable and reliable in operation, high in sensitivity and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber optic component and sensory field of optic fibre, be specifically related to a kind of full fiber type magnetic field sensor.
Background technology
Magnetic-field measurement is all significant for fields such as science, military affairs, commercial Application.Traditional magnetic field sensor is taking electrical testing principle as main, as electromagnetic induction principle and Hall effect, but is often subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI) as the sensor of Electrical Measuring Instrument, perishable, cannot be operated under rugged environment.Thereby the magnetic field sensor of optical profile type more and more comes concerned.Optical fiber is having exclusive advantage as a kind of material of essence insulation aspect magnetic field sensing, except not being subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI) to also have that volume is little, lightweight, precision is high, be easy to form the advantages such as distributed measurement, also can be operated in the special occasions such as high temperature, high pressure, high-intensity magnetic field, corrosive atmosphere, there are some unique advantages compared with electrical sensor.
Magnetic fluid is a kind of equally distributed colloid, and it is the stable colloidal suspension being formed among certain liquid by magnetic nanoparticle disperse, and it had both had the magnetic of solid magnetic material, has again the mobility of liquid.Magnetic fluid is a kind of novel functional material, there are some special magneto-optical properties, comprise: tunable refractive index, dichroism, magnetic birefringence, an inclined to one side characteristic, Faraday effect etc., these unique optical properties of magnetic fluid are showing good application potential aspect the adjustable photonic device of making high-performance.Along with developing rapidly of optical fiber photonics, the magnetic of magnetic fluid is studied widely gradually as the means of a kind of important physical phenomenon and the wide ripple transmission of manipulation in optical fiber technology.
The patent of invention that is 201010112530.7 through the literature search discovery application number to prior art discloses the magnetic field sensor of magnetic current liquid and fiber grating interaction realization, the shortcoming of this scheme is that the making of grating bothers, and grating need to be immersed in to fill with has in the kapillary of magnetic current liquid, operate more complicatedly, integrated level is low, application number is that 201010194583.8 and 201110102799.1 patent of invention discloses based on magnetic current liquid and the optical fiber Fabry – Perot chamber magnetic field sensor of realizing that interacts, the shortcoming of this scheme is because the length in Fabry – Perot chamber is generally micron dimension, so need very accurate manufacture craft, and generally on optical fiber plated film also not too easy, these have all increased the difficulty of this scheme, application number be 201010519861.2 and the patent of invention of 201310186027.X disclose based on magnetic current liquid and micro-nano fiber/nuditing fiber magnetic field sensor of realizing that interacts, the shortcoming of this scheme is a little less than micro-nano fiber is highly brittle, and integrated level is low, application number is that the patent of invention of 201210404672.X discloses a kind of magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid perfusion polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber, they encircle to obtain interference spectum by structure Sagnac, this scheme directly pours into magnetic current liquid in photonic crystal fiber, it is a kind of simple in structure and scheme that integrated level is higher, but shortcoming is to have introduced 2 × 2 fiber couplers, cause unnecessary power attenuation, because itself just have very large loss after photonic crystal fiber pours into magnetic current liquid, introduce again Sagnac ring structure and can cause again extra loss, cause surveying difficulty.
The published fibre optic magnetic field sensor based on magnetic current liquid needs complicated and accurate manufacture craft mostly at present, and not high its less stable that causes of integrated level, therefore, a kind ofly make simple, the high and reliable and stable magnetic field sensor of integrated level and become those skilled in the art's technical matters urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, provides a kind of compact conformation, the full fiber type magnetic field sensor that volume is little, simple for production, integrated level is high, reliable and stable, highly sensitive and cost is low.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides a kind of full fiber type magnetic field sensor, comprise the wideband light source, sensing head and the spectrometer that connect in turn, sensing head is formed by the photonic crystal fiber and the single-mode fiber welding that are no more than 1cm, wherein:
Photonic crystal fiber be there is hollow airport structure and airport in be filled with magnetic current liquid, single-mode fiber comprises the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber, be filled with photonic crystal fiber one end of magnetic current liquid by welding and the first single-mode fiber welding of optical fiber splicer, the other end forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that single fiber is embedded by welding and the eccentric welding of the second single-mode fiber of optical fiber splicer;
The light of wideband light source output through the first Single-Mode Fiber Coupling to being filled with in the photonic crystal fiber of magnetic current liquid, when external magnetic field changes, cause the variation of phase differential between the different light beams that are coupled in photonic crystal fiber, cause spectral drift, propagate and be coupled to again the second single-mode fiber through photonic crystal fiber, the information that is demodulated magnetic field by the drift value that is connected to the spectrometer detection crest/trough on the second single-mode fiber, realizes the measurement to magnetic field;
The photonic crystal fiber that is filled with magnetic current liquid is during by optical fiber splicer and single-mode fiber welding, and the strength of discharge of heat sealing machine is 30mA, discharge time 500ms.
The present invention is by regulating the parameter of optical fiber splicer, can not produce bubble when avoiding pouring into photonic crystal fiber after magnetic current liquid and single-mode fiber welding, thereby the problems such as enlargement cause huge loss, and can ensure strength of joint, alleviate the problem that optical fiber pours into welding difficulty after magnetic current liquid, when optical fiber splicer long discharge time, when strength of discharge is excessive, discrete magnetic particle and carrier solution meeting " volatilization ", hinder contacting of single-mode fiber and photonic crystal fiber in welding area, cause fusion point to occur bubble or enlargement, and magnetic particle can be entrained in earth silicon material, cause connecting insecure, it is 30mA that the present invention rationally arranges strength of discharge, discharge time, 500ms effectively avoided above-mentioned defect.
In the present invention, be filled with the photonic crystal fiber other end of magnetic current liquid by welding and the eccentric welding of the second single-mode fiber of optical fiber splicer, the eccentric degree of two optical fiber of manual mode on-line control by optical fiber splicer, to obtain best interference effect, and ensure that now sensor has enough output powers for surveying.
The technical scheme that the present invention further limits is:
In aforementioned full fiber type magnetic field sensor, the magnetic current liquid of filling in the airport of photonic crystal fiber is the magnetic fluid that comprises Nanometer Ferromagnetic Granule and adopts the mode of high-pressure extrusion to be filled in photonic crystal fiber.
In aforementioned full fiber type magnetic field sensor, the core diameter of single-mode fiber is 2-12 μ m.
In aforementioned full fiber type magnetic field sensor, the welding mode of photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber is dislocation welding, bicone electric discharge welding or taper welding.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Magnetic current liquid presents brownish black under natural light, it has very strong absorption to light, therefore the length of photonic crystal fiber needs rationally to control, the photonic crystal fiber length adopting in sensing head of the present invention is no more than 1cm, that under on-line monitoring, test of many times determines, by in photonic crystal fiber one end and single-mode fiber welding, open wideband light source and spectrometer, utilize optical fiber splicer that the other end of photonic crystal fiber is aimed at another root single-mode fiber, whether the length of passing judgment on photonic crystal fiber used by detection output power is suitable, if power too a little less than, photonic crystal fiber is cut short, until power reaches in the scope that can survey, find that through many experiments photonic crystal fiber length used should be advisable to be no more than 1cm, the rational length of photonic crystal fiber has also ensured integrated level and the stability of this sensor.
The present invention is directly circulated into magnetic current liquid in photonic crystal fiber, recycling optical fiber splicer is by photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber welding, form a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that single fiber is embedded by the welding mode of one end bias, it does not need to cause with extra coupling mechanism the increase of loss, thereby has improved the sensitivity of sensor.Simultaneously, the present invention adopts directly magnetic current liquid is circulated in photonic crystal fiber, directly magnetic fluid is circulated into inside of optical fibre, outer fiber does not need to overlap kapillary, the precision process problem in grating inscription, optical fiber plated film or structure trace level Fabry – Perot chamber that also need not be complicated, thereby simplify manufacture craft of the present invention, also reduced cost.
In photonic crystal fiber of the present invention, be filled with the magnetic fluid that comprises Nanometer Ferromagnetic Granule and adopt the mode of high-pressure extrusion to be filled in photonic crystal fiber, magnetic current liquid is a kind of colloid of homogeneous distribution, it is the stable colloidal suspension being formed among certain liquid by magnetic nanoparticle disperse, it had both had the magnetic of solid magnetic material, had again the mobility of liquid.Magnetic current liquid is a kind of novel functional form material, there are some special magneto-optical properties, comprise: birefringence effect, Faraday effect, dichroism and refractive index are adjustable etc., the refractive index adjustability that the present invention has by it, the variation of phase differential between different light beams in photonic crystal fiber, cause spectral drift, demodulated the information in magnetic field by the drift value of spectrometer detection crest/trough, realize the measurement to magnetic field.
The present invention has compact conformation, and volume is little, makes simply, and integrated level is high, and stability is reliable, highly sensitive, and the low advantage such as workable of cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of full fiber type magnetic field sensor in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensing head in embodiment of the present invention full fiber type magnetic field sensor;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention magnetic field scaling experiment;
Fig. 4 uses the transmission spectrum curve figure that in the present invention, full fiber type magnetic field sensor records;
In figure: 1, the first single-mode fiber, 2, the second single-mode fiber, 3, photonic crystal fiber, 4, wideband light source, 5, spectrometer, 6, electromagnet, 7, teslameter, 8, magnetic current liquid, 9, sensing head.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description 1-4, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
A kind of full fiber type magnetic field sensor that the present embodiment provides, structure as Figure 1-3, comprise in turn the wideband light source 4, sensing head 9 and the spectrometer 5 that connect, the single-mode fiber welding that sensing head 9 is 2-12 μ m by the photonic crystal fiber 3 that is no more than 1cm and core diameter forms, wherein:
Photonic crystal fiber 3 is filled with for having mode hollow airport structure and airport employing high-pressure extrusion the magnetic current liquid 8 that comprises Nanometer Ferromagnetic Granule, single-mode fiber comprises the first single-mode fiber 1 and the second single-mode fiber 2, be filled with photonic crystal fiber 3 one end of magnetic current liquid 8 by optical fiber splicer and the first single-mode fiber 1 welding, the other end forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that single fiber is embedded by optical fiber splicer and the eccentric welding of the second single-mode fiber 2;
The light that wideband light source 4 is exported is coupled in the photonic crystal fiber 3 that is filled with magnetic current liquid 8 through the first single-mode fiber 1, when external magnetic field changes, cause the variation of phase differential between the different light beams that are coupled in photonic crystal fiber 3, cause spectral drift, propagate and be coupled to the second single-mode fiber 2 through photonic crystal fiber 3, the information that is demodulated magnetic field by the drift value that is connected to spectrometer 5 on the second single-mode fiber 2 and detects crest/trough, realizes the measurement to magnetic field;
The photonic crystal fiber 3 that is filled with magnetic current liquid 8 is during by optical fiber splicer and single-mode fiber welding, and the strength of discharge of heat sealing machine is 30mA, discharge time 500ms.
In the present embodiment, photonic crystal fiber 3 is dislocation welding, bicone electric discharge welding or taper welding with the welding mode of single-mode fiber.
When concrete enforcement, the light that wideband light source 4 is exported is coupled in photonic crystal fiber 3 through the first single-mode fiber 1, because mould field mismatch can excite the various modes in photonic crystal fiber 3, comprise core mode (basement membrane) and cladding mode, the effective refractive index difference of different mode, in the time that external magnetic field changes, cause the variation of magnetic current liquid 8 refractive indexes, cause the effective refractive index that participates in the cladding mode of interfering also correspondingly to change, the phase differential of the light beam therefore interfering has produced variation, causes spectral drift.What reality occurred is multiple-mode interfence, but herein for ease of analyzing, we adopt the model of the two-beam interference of simplification to be explained.The intensity of interference spectum is provided by following formula:
Wherein I
core, I
claddingrespectively the light intensity of core mode and cladding mode, φ=2 π Δ n
effl/ λ, Δ n
effbe that effective refractive index between pattern is poor, L is the length of photonic crystal fiber, and λ is optical wavelength.
In the time that external magnetic field changes, cause Δ n
effvariation, from above formula, interference spectum intensity I (λ) also accordingly change, produce spectral drift, by detecting the drift value of certain crest/trough, just can know the change information of external magnetic field intensity.
Sensing head in the present invention 9 is placed between two blocks of electromagnet 6 as shown in Figure 3, the size in magnetic field is demarcated the size of measuring in real time the magnetic field being produced by electromagnet with teslameter by teslameter 7, in actual applications, the number of the data point of required measurement can arbitrarily be selected, if want to record meticulousr just some points of surveying more, record in the time that magnetic field changes, the drift value that interference spectum crest/trough is corresponding, what Fig. 4 provided is the transmission spectrum of this sensor, the graph of relation of the magnetic field size recording with corresponding teslameter according to the drift value of the drift value of the interference spectum crest/trough obtaining and magnetic field size drafting interference spectum crest/trough, in graph of relation, horizontal ordinate is the drift value of interference spectum crest/trough, ordinate is magnetic field size, record the drift value of interference spectum crest/trough with full fiber type magnetic field sensor in the present invention, and mark can be found out corresponding magnetic field size according to curve in graph of relation, according to this graph of relation and then try to achieve its sensitivity and can record quickly and easily the intensity in magnetic field according to drift value.
Use compact conformation in the present invention, the full fiber type magnetic field sensor that volume is little, simple for production, integrated level is high and cost is low is measured magnetic field, reliable and stable and highly sensitive, fast rapid.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a full fiber type magnetic field sensor, comprises the wideband light source, sensing head and the spectrometer that connect in turn, it is characterized in that: described sensing head is formed by the photonic crystal fiber and the single-mode fiber welding that are no more than 1cm, wherein:
In the airport of described photonic crystal fiber, be filled with magnetic current liquid, described single-mode fiber comprises the first single-mode fiber and the second single-mode fiber, described photonic crystal fiber one end that is filled with magnetic current liquid is by welding and the first single-mode fiber welding of optical fiber splicer, and the other end forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer that single fiber is embedded by welding and the eccentric welding of the second single-mode fiber of optical fiber splicer;
The light of described wideband light source output through the first Single-Mode Fiber Coupling to being filled with in the photonic crystal fiber of magnetic current liquid, when external magnetic field changes, cause the variation of phase differential between the different light beams that are coupled in photonic crystal fiber, cause spectral drift, propagate and be coupled to again the second single-mode fiber through photonic crystal fiber, the information that is demodulated magnetic field by the drift value that is connected to the spectrometer detection crest/trough on the second single-mode fiber, realizes the measurement to magnetic field;
The described photonic crystal fiber that is filled with magnetic current liquid is during by optical fiber splicer and single-mode fiber welding, and the strength of discharge of described heat sealing machine is 30mA, discharge time 500ms.
2. full fiber type magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the magnetic current liquid of filling in the airport of described photonic crystal fiber is the magnetic fluid that comprises Nanometer Ferromagnetic Granule and adopts the mode of high-pressure extrusion to be filled in photonic crystal fiber.
3. full fiber type magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the core diameter of described single-mode fiber is 2-12 μ m.
4. full fiber type magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the welding mode of described photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber is dislocation welding, bicone electric discharge welding or taper welding.
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| CN104297208A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-21 | 天津理工大学 | Interferometric optical fiber sensor based on pohotonic crystal optical fiber |
| CN105181170A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-12-23 | 中国计量学院 | Mach-Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor based on corroded photonic crystal fibers |
| CN105785287A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-20 | 浙江大学 | Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on optical microcavity |
| CN105890828A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-08-24 | 中国计量学院 | Polarization-dependent embedded fiber M-Z interference type transverse pressure transducer |
| CN105911023A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-31 | 北京信息科技大学 | Method for measuring refractive index based on raster deformation induced by ultrasonic pulses |
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| CN104297208A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-21 | 天津理工大学 | Interferometric optical fiber sensor based on pohotonic crystal optical fiber |
| CN105890828A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-08-24 | 中国计量学院 | Polarization-dependent embedded fiber M-Z interference type transverse pressure transducer |
| CN105890828B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2018-11-16 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of embedded optical fiber M-Z interference-type transverse pressure sensor of polarization correlation |
| CN105181170A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-12-23 | 中国计量学院 | Mach-Zehnder interferometer temperature sensor based on corroded photonic crystal fibers |
| CN105181170B (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2018-10-26 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of temperature sensor of the photonic crystal fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on corrosion treatment |
| CN105911023B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-09-07 | 北京信息科技大学 | A method of based on ultrasonic pulse induction grating deformation for measuring refractive index |
| CN105911023A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-31 | 北京信息科技大学 | Method for measuring refractive index based on raster deformation induced by ultrasonic pulses |
| CN105785287A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-20 | 浙江大学 | Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on optical microcavity |
| CN106197548A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-07 | 天津理工大学 | A kind of based on wimble structure with the fibre optic magnetic field sensor of Semen arachidis hypogaeae wimble structure cascaded optical fiber Bragg grating |
| CN106949916A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-07-14 | 北京信息科技大学 | A kind of temperature and strain testing method of the corrosion of use fiber end face |
| CN106680740A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-17 | 中国计量大学 | Magnetic field intensity sensing system based on magnetic fluid and tilted fiber bragg grating |
| CN107449471A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-08 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of magnetic field and temperature simultaneously measuring device based on highly doped germanium fibre-optical probe |
| CN107607891A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-19 | 南开大学 | The microstructured optical fibers magnetic field sensor of magnetic ionic liquids filling |
| CN109031168A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-12-18 | 燕山大学 | A kind of taper less fundamental mode optical fibre magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid |
| CN110133546A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of chip type three-D magnetic field sensor |
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Application publication date: 20140903 |