CN113917711A - Tunable fiber internal integrated optical power beam splitter - Google Patents
Tunable fiber internal integrated optical power beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113917711A CN113917711A CN202111207948.0A CN202111207948A CN113917711A CN 113917711 A CN113917711 A CN 113917711A CN 202111207948 A CN202111207948 A CN 202111207948A CN 113917711 A CN113917711 A CN 113917711A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter, which comprises an input optical fiber (1), an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) and an output optical fiber (3); the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber (2) sequentially comprises an air hole (2-1), an annular waveguide core (2-2) and a cladding (2-3) from inside to outside; the air holes (2-1) are filled with a filling material (4) with variable refractive index, the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is placed in an external electric field, and the refractive index of the filling material (4) with variable refractive index is adjusted by adjusting the external electric field; the single beam of optical power is coupled into the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) through the input optical fiber (1), and is divided into a plurality of beams of optical power equally and output through the output optical fiber (3). The invention has the advantages of in-fiber integration, small volume, easy tuning, excellent beam splitting function and the like, has good compatibility with optical fiber devices, and is easy to integrate with an optical system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of in-fiber integrated optical devices and optical fiber communication, and relates to a tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter.
Background
The continuous development of the optical fiber technology also promotes the deep research on the optical fiber integration at home and abroad, various active and passive devices are integrated into the optical fiber, the size and the weight of the devices can be greatly reduced, the change and the inconsistency caused by assembly, fixation and adjustment among all movable parts are avoided, and the performance and the temperature stability of the integrated optical device in the optical fiber are improved.
An optical power splitter is a device that splits input light into a plurality of output lights with equal rates, and is widely used in the fields of optical communication systems, optical fiber subscriber networks, optical fiber CATV, optical passive networks (PON), optical local area networks, and the like, and is often used to implement optical path connection, optical signal transmission direction control, optical signal power distribution, and coupling control between devices.
With the increasingly wide application of optical power splitters, many researchers put into research on optical power splitters, and a power splitter with the patent number of CN212515124U is characterized in that the splitter is formed by cascading one 1X3 optical splitter and two 1X4 optical splitters, and has the advantages of small size and small insertion loss, but the splitter is high in design cost, is not beneficial to integration with an optical fiber system, and has a single function, and cannot realize a tuning function.
The multi-mode fiber splitter and the preparation method thereof disclosed in patent No. CN106772803B are characterized in that the input fiber is a multi-mode fiber, the output fiber is a plurality of single-mode fibers, the output fiber is de-clad and tapered, and the incident light is split into multiple beams by using the mach-zehnder interferometer principle. However, the fiber splitter has a single function, cannot realize a tuning effect, and has a poor splitting effect due to low coupling efficiency between fiber cores.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter, which has the advantages of in-fiber integration, small volume, easy tuning, excellent beam splitting function and the like, is good in compatibility with an optical fiber device, and is easy to integrate with an optical system.
In order to solve the technical problem, the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter comprises an input optical fiber, an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber and an output optical fiber; the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber sequentially comprises an air hole, an annular waveguide core and a cladding from inside to outside; filling materials with variable refractive indexes are injected into the air holes, the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is placed in an external electric field, and the refractive index of the filling materials with the variable refractive indexes is adjusted by adjusting the external electric field; the single beam of optical power is coupled into the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber through the input optical fiber, is evenly divided into a plurality of beams of optical power and is output through the output optical fiber.
Furthermore, under the condition that the interference length of incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core is tuned by adjusting the size of the external electric field, so that the wavelength bands of the tuned incident light are adjusted to enable the beam splitting quantity of the incident light with different wavelength bands to be the same when the incident light with different wavelength bands is equally split.
Furthermore, under the condition that the interference length of the incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core is tuned by adjusting the size of the external electric field, and the tuning of the beam splitting quantity of the incident light with a certain wavelength which is equally divided into multiple beams of optical power is realized.
Further, the external electric field is generated by electrifying the external electrodes.
Further, the input fiber includes a core and a cladding.
Further, the output fiber includes a core and a cladding.
Further, the number of cores of the output optical fiber is equal to the number of split beams.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an online tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter, which exerts the advantage of in-fiber integration, adopts an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, and the hollow structure of the multimode hollow optical fiber provides a closed space for filling materials; the external electrodes are electrified to generate an electric field, the refractive index of the filling material with the variable refractive index is changed under the action of the electric field, the refractive index of an effective mode in the annular waveguide core can be indirectly adjusted, and the control of the refractive index can be realized by adjusting the electric field, so that the tuning of the propagation constant of the optical wave of each mode in the transmission waveguide is realized, the same number of beam splitting ratios can be realized for the light with different working wave bands, or the different beam splitting ratios can be realized for the light with the same working wave band.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated optical power splitter within a tunable fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an input optical fiber of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a ring waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an output optical fiber of the tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the input-side mode field distribution of a numerical simulation diagram for an integrated optical power splitter within a tunable fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a diagram of the distribution of the multimode interference coupling process mode field of a numerical simulation diagram of the integrated optical power splitter within the tunable fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 5(c) is a diagram illustrating a numerical simulation of the equal mode-splitting field distribution of FIG. 11 for the integrated optical power splitter within a tunable fiber of the present invention;
fig. 5(d) is a diagram illustrating the distribution of the equal mode-splitting field in fig. 6 for numerical simulation of the integrated optical power splitter within the tunable fiber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments in the following description.
With reference to fig. 1 to 5(d), the present invention includes an input optical fiber 1, an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2, an output optical fiber 3, a refractive index variable filling material 4, and an external electrode 5; the input optical fiber 1, the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2 and the output optical fiber 3 are connected in sequence; the input optical fiber 1 comprises a fiber core 1-1 and a cladding 1-2; the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2 comprises an air hole 2-1, an annular waveguide core 2-2 and a cladding 2-3; the filling material 4 with variable refractive index is injected into the air hole 2-1 by high pressure, and the external electrode 5 applies an electric field to the annular waveguide core 2-2; the output fiber 3 includes a core 3-1 and a cladding 3-2, wherein the number of cores is determined by the number of split beams.
Based on the multi-mode interference principle, a beam of light is coupled into an annular waveguide core 2-2 through an input optical fiber 1 and is transmitted in a waveguide of an annular waveguide core multi-mode hollow optical fiber, so that interference occurs between optical waves in different modes in the optical fiber waveguide, a plurality of light beams are split out from the waveguide, and the light beams are coupled into a multi-core output optical fiber through transmission with a certain length, so that the light beams with certain wavelength are subjected to equal-power beam splitting. The ring waveguide core multimode hollow fiber 2 equally divides the single beam optical power of the input fiber into a plurality of beams of optical power and outputs the optical power from the output fiber 3. Filling a filling material 4 with variable refractive index into a central air hole 2-1 of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, adjusting the refractive index of the filling material by adjusting an external electric field, further tuning the propagation constant of the optical wave of each mode in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber, and tuning the working waveband and the beam splitting number of the beam splitter on the premise of not changing the structure of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber 2.
According to the multimode interference coupling principle, the interference length of light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber is as follows:
where N is the number of output modes, i.e., the number of split beams, N is the index of refraction of the toroidal core, a is the small circular radius of the toroidal core, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light. In order to ensure output, the interference length of light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber needs to be equal to the length of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber 2, so that the formula shows that the length of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber 2 is determined on the premise of not changing the structure of the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber 2, and the equal division of different splitting quantities of the same incident light or the equal splitting quantities of the incident lights with different wavelengths can be realized by adjusting the refractive index n of the annular waveguide core. The refractive index of the filling material is adjusted by adjusting the external electric field, so that the refractive index of the fiber core is adjusted.
Example 1:
taking a 6-equal-power-splitting beam splitter as an example, the invention can be realized by designing a power beam splitter with tunable working waveband:
the light of different wavelength realizes that 6 equal divisions of required optic fibre length is different, under the unchangeable prerequisite of optic fibre structural parameter, can be through adjusting the size of plus electric field, the propagation constant of the light wave of each mode in the tuning optic fibre, and then realize the regulation to interfering length for the light of different wave bands all can divide into 6 light at annular waveguide core multimode cavity optic fibre end under the influence of different electric field sizes, and then realize the tuning function to operating band.
The function enables the beam splitter to have larger working bandwidth, enables the beam splitter to work in different working wave bands, is convenient to tune and saves cost.
Example 2:
taking a 6-equal-division power beam splitter as an example, the invention can be realized by designing a power beam splitter with tunable beam splitting quantity through an example:
the light with a certain wavelength realizes that the interference lengths of the 7 equal parts and the 6 equal parts are different, so that on the premise that the structural parameters of the optical fiber are not changed, the propagation constant of the optical wave of each mode in the optical fiber can be tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, and further the interference length can be adjusted, so that the 7 equal parts and the 6 equal parts have the same interference length, and the length is equal to the length of the optical fiber. At this time, the tuning function of the beam splitting quantity can be realized by modulating the magnitude of the external electric field.
The function can realize the regulation and control of the output light quantity without damaging the original optical fiber structure, the tuning mode is simple, only the output optical fiber needs to be replaced, and the manufacturing cost is saved.
Claims (7)
1. A tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter, comprising: the optical fiber coupler comprises an input optical fiber (1), an annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) and an output optical fiber (3); the annular waveguide core multimode hollow fiber (2) sequentially comprises an air hole (2-1), an annular waveguide core (2-2) and a cladding (2-3) from inside to outside; the air holes (2-1) are filled with a filling material (4) with variable refractive index, the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is placed in an external electric field, and the refractive index of the filling material (4) with variable refractive index is adjusted by adjusting the external electric field; the single beam of optical power is coupled into the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) through the input optical fiber (1), and is divided into a plurality of beams of optical power equally and output through the output optical fiber (3).
2. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 1, wherein: under the condition that the interference length of incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core (2-2) is tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, so that the wavelength bands of the tuned incident light are adjusted, and the beam splitting quantity of the incident light with different wavelength bands is the same when the incident light with different wavelength bands is equally split.
3. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 1, wherein: under the condition that the interference length of incident light in the annular waveguide core multimode hollow optical fiber (2) is kept unchanged, the refractive index of the annular waveguide core (2-2) is tuned by adjusting the size of an external electric field, and the tuning of the beam splitting quantity of the incident light with a certain wavelength which is equally divided into multiple light beams is realized.
4. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 1, wherein: the external electric field is generated by electrifying the external electrode (5).
5. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 1, wherein: the input optical fiber (1) comprises a fiber core (1-1) and a cladding (1-2).
6. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 1, wherein: the output optical fiber (3) comprises a fiber core (3-1) and a cladding (3-2).
7. The tunable in-fiber integrated optical power splitter of claim 6, wherein: the number of the fiber cores (3-1) of the output optical fiber (3) is equal to the number of the split beams.
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