CN101122652A - Photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter - Google Patents
Photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101122652A CN101122652A CNA2007100707328A CN200710070732A CN101122652A CN 101122652 A CN101122652 A CN 101122652A CN A2007100707328 A CNA2007100707328 A CN A2007100707328A CN 200710070732 A CN200710070732 A CN 200710070732A CN 101122652 A CN101122652 A CN 101122652A
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- beam splitter
- optical fibre
- photon crystal
- dielectric rod
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter provided with a two-dimensional periodical structure of photonic crystal fiber. The periodical structure is constituted by a background medium and periodically distributed dielectric rods arranged in the medium; the cross section is a parallelepiped; a periodically arranged defect area without single dielectric rod in the background medium is a waveguide core. The advantages of the photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter are: easy to achieve stable isophotal power or a certain percentage of splitting ratio, small structural size, not vulnerable to the impact of environmental conditions, small light loss, good polarization of polarized coupling and easy to design. The invention can select different coupling length through structural adjustment to achieve splitting ratio regulation and splitting function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter,, can realize the beam splitting of 1 * N light, and input light is carried out the polarization maintenance based on the photonic crystal fiber coupled characteristic.
Background technology
Photonic crystal fiber (PCF, photonic crystal fiber) is a kind of novel optical waveguide that technical development is got up based on photonic crystal.It constitutes (being generally molten silicon or polymkeric substance) by single medium, and the airport of the wavelength magnitude that remains unchanged substantially in third dimension direction (optical fiber axially) by periodically closely arranging on two-dimensional directional runs through the optical fiber total length and constitutes the microstructure covering.Serve as the waveguide fiber fibre core with the defect area that lacks the form of single airport in the periodic regular arrangement, the type of defective has air defective and dielectric defect.Therefore to can be considered a kind of sandwich layer be the 2 D photon crystal that has destroyed the defective of periodic structure to PCF.A kind of mechanism of direct light is that light is to be similar to total internal reflection (TIR in the traditional fiber in the fibre core, Total InternalReflection) the refractive-index-guiding type that form is propagated, another mechanism is to produce photon band gap (PBG by the appropriate designs that airport is arranged, Photonic Band Gap) effect is limited in propagating in the fibre core corresponding to the light of the characteristic frequency of defect state (local attitude).Guarantor's bias of PCF can have very big dirigibility in design, by destroying the symmetry of its microstructure, the mode birefringence in the time of can improving Optical Fiber Transmission.Theory in recent years and studies show that photonic crystal polarization maintaining optical fibre (PM-PCF, Polarization Maintained photoniccrystal fiber) can improve one more than the order of magnitude than traditional stress polarization maintaining optical fibre on the birefringence level.PCF has unique optical characteristics such as mode characteristic, loss characteristic, coupled characteristic and dispersion relation in addition, has caused extensive concern.
Y type luminous power beam splitter (being called for short the Y beam splitter) is the basic device in optics and the photoelectric field.But present waveguide type Y beam splitter reaches several thousand microns mostly, and the Y beam splitter of optical-fiber type reaches several millimeters especially, and this large-sized device can't be applied in the in the future large-scale integrated optical circuit.Draw tapered fiber optic splitter also easily affected by environment at present.Under the situation of thermal perturbation, splitting ratio changes greatly, and loss also has significant change; And certain energy of vibration obviously changes its splitting ratio performance.Need in addition supportive protection of added metal sleeve pipe on the structure, volume size is big.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is existingly to draw tapered fiber optic splitter volume size big in order to overcome, spectroscopic behaviour is subjected to the big shortcoming of such environmental effects, and a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter is provided.
Photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter has the two-dimensional periodic structure of photonic crystal fiber, described periodic structure is, form by the dielectric rod that background media and periodic distribution are arranged in wherein, xsect is parallelepiped, and the defect area of arranging the form lack single dielectric rod with periodic regular in background media is the waveguide fiber fibre core.
The refractive index of described dielectric rod is lower than the refractive index of background media.Background media is glass, plastics, polymkeric substance or silicon.Dielectric rod is glass, plastics, polymkeric substance, silicon or air.The lattice element of dielectric rod is circle, ellipse, triangle, rhombus or square; The cross sectional shape of dielectric rod is circle, ellipse, triangle, rhombus or square.Has a dielectric rod between two fibre cores at least.Waveguide fiber fibre core coupling length has periodically.Waveguide fiber fibre core optical wavelength transmission and coupling length are arranged relevant with the aperture shape size and the period profile of dielectric rod.
The advantage of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention is: realize the splitting ratio of luminous power such as stable or certain ratio easily, physical dimension is little, be not subject to environmental influence, optical loss guarantor's bias very little, polarization coupled can be good.Be easy to design,, choose different coupling lengths and just can reach realization adjustment splitting ratio, the function of beam splitting number by structural adjustment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of twin-core PCF polarization-maintaining beam splitter cross-sectional structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of three core PCF polarization-maintaining beam splitter cross-sectional structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that light wave is at a kind of double-core photon crystal polarization maintaining optical fibre coupled zone communication mode figure;
Fig. 4 is that light wave is at a kind of three core photonic crystal polarization maintaining optical fibre coupled zone communication mode figure;
Fig. 5 is the input and output synoptic diagram of 1 * N photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter;
Among the figure: background media 1, dielectric rod 2.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on the coupled characteristic of photonic crystal fiber, adopting the fibre core defective is the real core PCF of medium, utilize total internal reflection leaded light mechanism, a kind of as shown in Figure 1 twin-core PCF, covering be foursquare dielectric rod 1 periodic arrangement in background media 2, the dielectric rod diameter is d, pitch-row is Λ, fibre core is to take out the defective that dielectric rod has destroyed two-dimensionally periodic structure, and promptly the position of fibre core dielectric rod is replaced by background media.Two fibre core spacings are 3 Λ, are separated by two dielectric rods, and we use parameter pitch-row Λ, and relative aperture d/ Λ characterizes the structure of PCF.When light after the fibre core incident of twin-core PCF, with the increase of propagation distance, luminous energy is coupled into another fibre core gradually and propagates, and is zero up to this core light energy, this moment, another core light energy reached maximum.Luminous energy coupling is afterwards got back in the original fibre core and is propagated reverse repetition said process.Luminous energy just along fiber axis to the direction of propagation on propagation distance alternately coupling in two fibre cores.
Because luminous energy gradual change coupling in the fibre core communication process, different coupling lengths can obtain different splitting ratios, can realize 1 * 2 photo-coupler/beam splitter of required any splitting ratio.Because the periodic distribution of luminous energy in the PCF coupling is propagated, the coupling length of beam splitter of the present invention has periodic feature.
1 * N photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter is proposed thus:
With three cores is example, a kind of as shown in Figure 2 three core PCF, covering be circular dielectric rod 1 periodic arrangement in background media 2, adjacent fibre core spacing is 2 Λ, is separated by a dielectric rod.After light enters PCF from middle fibre core, increase with propagation distance, the luminous energy of middle fibre core is about constant power is coupled respectively to gradually in two fibre cores, luminous energy up to middle fibre core is zero, this moment, the luminous energy of left and right sides fibre core reached maximum, account for half of gross energy respectively, have the feature of symmetrical distribution.Fibre core in the middle of then the luminous energy of left and right sides fibre core is coupled back again is zero up to left and right sides core light energy, and the luminous energy of fibre core reaches maximum in the middle of this moment.Because this coupling scheme loss is very little, the luminous energy of periodic location remains unchanged substantially.Can obtain 1 * 3 beam splitter of any splitting ratio thus.
In the middle of coupling length is chosen fibre core only extend to luminous energy just by the time, the output splitting ratio is 1: 0: 1,1 * 2 beam splitter of luminous power splitting ratio such as also can realize 1: 1.
When coupling length choose in the middle of fibre core only extend to luminous energy just by the time, the twin-core PCF identical with another root architecture is connected with its realization aligning, the aligning that connects is that the twin-core core district of twin-core PCF is consistent with its left and right sides fibre core core zone position, the position of so original middle fibre core becomes the periodicity low refractive index dielectric rod identical with cladding structure, light wave no longer takes place to middle fibre core coupling, directly transfer to output terminal, obtain the light wave of 1: 1 same magnitude of two bundles by aiming at the left and right sides fibre core passage constant power that connects.Method of attachment between the photonic crystal fiber can be CN 1932563A according to the patent No.: utilize photosensitive organic resin realizing under the ultraviolet photoetching condition that photonic crystal is connected with low-loss between the optical waveguide, the patent No. is CN 1969208A: do not destroy under the heating condition of pore of photonic crystal fiber the docking section is carried out continuous main discharge and append discharge forming the described method of weld portion.
The branch beam function of multicore PCF, realize by alternately the be coupled above-mentioned communication process of reverse repetition of luminous energy (up and down) about adjacent fibre core, be that luminous energy is to the alternately coupling of adjacent fibre core, end from being up to, from by the end of maximum, choose 1 * N beam splitter that different coupling lengths are realized required any splitting ratio again.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, luminous energy is gradual change coupling continually varying communication process in the fibre core communication process, therefore choosing different length can obtain required splitting ratio arbitrarily, can choose the length of photonic crystal fiber beam splitter according to the splitting ratio index.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, luminous energy is periodic distribution in the communication process in optical fiber, and therefore choosing length of periodicity can obtain identical splitting ratio.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, can carry out polarization to transmission light and keep.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, the coupling efficiency height, loss is little.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, can support the transmission of single mode and multimode.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, transmission wavelength and coupling length are relevant with the pore size and the period profile arrangement of high low refractive index dielectric, and by appropriate designs, the whole scope of Adjustable structure is bigger.
According to photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of the present invention, make it become the realization high birefringences such as distribution mode in symmetry, shape, size, spacing and the hole of ellipse, change airport by the shape that changes the core district; Also can adopt mix or in as the air column of low refractive index dielectric rod the method for injecting gas or liquid, the effective refractive index difference that changes near two the quadrature transverse directions fibre core is to realize and to improve birefringence.
The PCF method for making has pyrometric cone fiber elongation method and colloidal sol extrusion.
Figure 3 shows that a kind of coupled zone communication mode figure with photonic crystal polarization maintaining optical fibre (PM-PCF) of high birefringence effect.This PM-PCF has twin-core structure, covering be the dielectric rod periodic arrangement in two kinds of apertures that vary in size in background media, two media rod cross section all is an oval structure.When electromagnetic wave from a left side (right side) fibre core incident, with the increase of propagation distance alternately coupling of (left side) fibre core generation energy to the right.
This elliptical aperture PM-PCF is expanded to three (many) cores situation, and electromagnetic wave is from middle fibre core incident, and with the alternately coupling of increase fibre core generation to the left and right energy of propagation distance, its coupled zone communication mode as shown in Figure 4.
The input and output synoptic diagram that is the photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter of multicore PCF realization 1 * N light beam splitting shown in Figure 5.
Claims (6)
1. photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter, it is characterized in that having the two-dimensional periodic structure of photonic crystal fiber, described periodic structure is, form by the dielectric rod that background media and periodic distribution are arranged in wherein, xsect is parallelepiped, and the defect area of arranging the form lack single dielectric rod with periodic regular in background media is the waveguide fiber fibre core.
2. a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the refractive index of described dielectric rod is lower than the refractive index of background media.
3. a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described background media is glass, plastics, polymkeric substance or silicon.
4. a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described dielectric rod is glass, plastics, polymkeric substance, silicon or air.
5. a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the lattice element of described dielectric rod is circle, ellipse, triangle, rhombus or square; The cross sectional shape of described dielectric rod is circle, ellipse, triangle, rhombus or square.
6. a kind of photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that, has a dielectric rod at least between described two fibre cores.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2007100707328A CN101122652A (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | Photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter |
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| CNA2007100707328A CN101122652A (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2007-08-08 | Photon crystal optical fibre polarization-maintaining beam splitter |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102289032A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2011-12-21 | 江苏大学 | Terahertz photonic crystal fiber coupler |
| CN103091771A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber directional coupler |
| CN103091770A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitting component |
| CN106990474A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-07-28 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of mono- polarization wavelength splitters of tunable single core photonic crystal fiber SPR |
| CN109324370A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-12 | 四川航天系统工程研究所 | A kind of photonic crystal optical fiber coupler |
| CN110544865A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-06 | 华中科技大学 | Non-circular ring inner cladding coupling fiber core optical fiber |
| CN113917711A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Tunable fiber internal integrated optical power beam splitter |
-
2007
- 2007-08-08 CN CNA2007100707328A patent/CN101122652A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102289032A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2011-12-21 | 江苏大学 | Terahertz photonic crystal fiber coupler |
| CN103091771A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber directional coupler |
| CN103091770A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitting component |
| CN103091771B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-12-03 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber directional coupler |
| CN103091770B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏大学 | A kind of photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitting device |
| CN106990474A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-07-28 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of mono- polarization wavelength splitters of tunable single core photonic crystal fiber SPR |
| CN106990474B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-10-22 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of mono- polarization wavelength splitter of tunable single core photonic crystal fiber SPR |
| CN109324370A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-02-12 | 四川航天系统工程研究所 | A kind of photonic crystal optical fiber coupler |
| CN110544865A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-12-06 | 华中科技大学 | Non-circular ring inner cladding coupling fiber core optical fiber |
| CN113917711A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Tunable fiber internal integrated optical power beam splitter |
| CN113917711B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2024-03-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Tunable in-fiber integrated optical power beam splitter |
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