CN103676006B - A kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler - Google Patents
A kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103676006B CN103676006B CN201310684774.6A CN201310684774A CN103676006B CN 103676006 B CN103676006 B CN 103676006B CN 201310684774 A CN201310684774 A CN 201310684774A CN 103676006 B CN103676006 B CN 103676006B
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Abstract
A kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, comprise double-core photonic crystal fiber and register, wherein register surrounds double-core photonic crystal fiber, double-core photonic crystal fiber comprises background material, air hole, fibre core and high refractive index post, air hole is consistent along fiber length, and is evenly distributed in background material, and fiber optic hub is high refractive index post, its specific refractory power is higher than background material, and the both sides of high refractive index post are two fibre cores of optical fiber. The photonic crystal optical fiber coupler of the present invention possesses directional coupler and wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing function, can switch between dual wavelength directional coupler function and dual wavelength Wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer function by changing temperature, the structure changing coupling mechanism is not needed during switching, easy to adjust.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields such as opticfiber communication, Fibre Optical Sensor and optics is integrated, it is specifically related to a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler.
Background technology
Fiber coupler is the optical passive component of a kind of widespread use in opticfiber communication and optical fiber sensing system, the coupled system being normally made up of two or many fibre-optic waveguides, and optical signal is mainly carried out along separate routes and closes road by its effect. Conventional fiber coupler, mainly through technique means such as grinding and polishing, fusion or fused biconical tapers, makes the fibre core of two or many optical fiber close to each other and forms coupled zone, it is achieved the coupling of optical signal between different fiber. Traditional fiber coupling mechanism generally exist volume relatively big, need the deficiency such as two drawings of optical fiber.
Photonic crystal fiber, also known as microstructured optical fibers, can be divided into the total internal reflection light of improvement and photon band gap to lead light two kinds by leading light mechanism, and some photonic crystal fiber exists two kinds simultaneously and leads light mechanism. Due to handiness and the unique optical properties shown of photonic crystals optical fiber structure design, it has shown tempting application prospect in opticfiber communication, fiber functions device, nonlinear optics and Fibre Optical Sensor etc. Two core or multicore photonic crystal optical fiber can by the prefabricated rods piled up by ad hoc structure stretch formings, it is possible to realize the optical fiber structure with two or more contiguous fibre core easily.
2000, the people such as the B.J.Mangan of the Bath university making of full-internal reflection type double-core photonic crystal fiber and coupled characteristic thereof to improving the earliest has carried out studying [ElectronicsLetters, 2000,36 (16): 1,358 1359], the novel characteristics of photonic crystal fiber multicore coupling is illustrated to people, causing the great interest of people, the photonic crystal optical fiber coupler of various different qualities continues to bring out subsequently. Adopt high birefringence rectangular grid double-core photonic crystal fiber can realize the unrelated coupling mechanism [JoumalofOpticsa-PureandAppliedOptics of polarization, 2004,6 (8): 805 808], adopt the mode adulterated by double-core photonic crystal fiber fibre core can realize the extremely wide fiber coupler [OpticsLetters of work frequency band downwards, 2004,29 (21): 2,473 2475], patent CN103076653A, CN101694536A, CN103091771A disclose different types of photonic crystal optical fiber coupler. The coupling mechanism that above-mentioned institute relates to its function after completing just is fixed, function singleness so that it is application can only be limited to specific occasion.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, disclose a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, this coupling mechanism possesses two kinds of functions after completing, can switch by change tread according to requirements, and without the need to changing other device because use occasion change.
The technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, comprise double-core photonic crystal fiber and register, register is coated on the outside of double-core photonic crystal fiber, for adjusting the temperature of double-core photonic crystal fiber, double-core photonic crystal fiber comprises background material, air hole, fibre core and high refractive index post;
Double-core photonic crystal fiber is the regular optical waveguides of cylinder shape, inside is background material, air hole, fibre core and high refractive index post are all arranged in background material, air hole is evenly distributed in background material, and keep evenly along fiber length, the distance between adjacent two air holes is identical, and double-core photonic crystal fiber axial location is high refractive index post, the zygomorphy of high refractive index post is distributed with two fibre cores, and the center of high refractive index post overlaps with the symmetry centre point of two fibre cores.
Adjacent three air holes are equilateral triangle distribution.
Adjacent four air holes are square profile.
The cross section of described high refractive index post is circular or oval.
High refractive index post adopts the temperature variant liquid of specific refractory power, liquid crystal or solid material, and the specific refractory power of high refractive index post is greater than the specific refractory power of background material.
The present invention compared with prior art useful effect be: a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler disclosed by the invention possesses directional coupler and wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing function, it is possible to by regulate temperature realize between dual wavelength directional coupler and dual wavelength Wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer state switching.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler cross sectional representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that coupling length Lc of the present invention is with the variation relation schematic diagram of high refractive index post specific refractory power and wavelength;
Fig. 3 is dual wavelength directional coupler of the present invention and Wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer switching principle schematic.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, comprise double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 and register 2, register 2 is coated on the outside of double-core photonic crystal fiber 1, for adjusting the temperature of double-core photonic crystal fiber 1, double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 comprises background material 3, air hole 4, fibre core 5 and high refractive index post 6; The cross section of high refractive index post 6 is circular or oval; High refractive index post 6 adopts the temperature variant liquid of specific refractory power, liquid crystal or solid material, and the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 is greater than the specific refractory power of background material 3;
Double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 is the regular optical waveguides of cylinder shape, inside is background material 3, air hole 4, fibre core 5 and high refractive index post 6 are all arranged in background material 3, air hole 4 is evenly distributed in background material 3, the distribution in equilateral triangle of adjacent three air holes 4, or adjacent four air holes 4 are in square profile, and keep evenly along fiber length, distance between adjacent two air holes 4 is identical, double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 axial location is high refractive index post 6, the zygomorphy of high refractive index post 6 is distributed with two fibre cores 5, the center of high refractive index post 6 overlaps with the symmetry centre point of two fibre cores 5.
When coupling mechanism works as dual wavelength directional coupler, the optical signal of two wavelength injects one of them fibre core 5 of double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 simultaneously from one end of coupling mechanism, exporting from the two of the coupling mechanism the other end fibre cores 5, the splitting ratio of two wavelength light signals is identical simultaneously; When coupling mechanism works as dual wavelength Wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer, the optical signal of two wavelength injects from one of them fibre core 5 of one end of coupling mechanism simultaneously, exporting respectively from the two of the coupling mechanism the other end fibre cores 5, each fibre core 5 exports the optical signal of a kind of wavelength. Regulated the temperature of coupling mechanism by register 2 so that the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 varies with temperature, it is achieved the switching of coupling mechanism between directional coupler and wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing function, and do not need the structure changing coupling mechanism.
As the example of a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler specifically, the diameter of air hole 4 and specific refractory power post 6 is 2.0 ��m, three adjacent vacant pore 4 distributions in equilateral triangle, adjacent vacant pore spacing is 4.0 ��m, and the length of double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 is 2.0mm. When making the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 be 1.60 by register 2, the light wave that two wavelength are respectively 1.25 ��m and 1.55 ��m from input port simultaneously input coupler time, owing to the coupling length of their correspondences is identical, the light of two wavelength is all identical at the splitting ratio of output terminal, its splitting ratio is 50:50, and the coupling mechanism being in this state can realize the splitting ratio directional couple functions such as these two wavelength. When making the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 be 1.56 by register 2, coupling length corresponding to two wavelength 1.25 ��m and 1.55 ��m is no longer equal, coupling length value turns into 1.0mm and 0.4mm respectively, and the coupling mechanism being in this state can realize dual wavelength wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing function.
The principle of work of the present invention is: in tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, two fibre cores can propagate luminous energy, during a luminous energy fibre core propagation wherein, the energy always having small portion is diffused in another fibre core, the energy showing as two fibre cores is coupled, along with the increase of propagation distance, luminous energy periodically can exchange between two fibre cores. The energy coupling behavior of two fibre cores can describe with the superposition of the odd even super model that two fibre core interaction mould fields are formed, and the result with the odd even super model superposition of different propagation constant makes luminous energy periodically shift along propagation length, coupling length LcIt is defined as:
In formula, �� is the wavelength in vacuum,WithIt is respectively the equivalent refractive index of the even super model of i polarization state and strange super model. Energy in fibre core often propagates a coupling length Lc, luminous energy will transfer to another fibre core from a fibre core, then propagates a coupling length Lc, optical fiber energy will return to original fibre core.
In tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, two fibre cores are made up of background material, its specific refractory power is consistent with background material, two fibre core tundish contain high refractive index post, other direction is air hole, therefore, each fibre core is surrounded by air hole and high refractive index post simultaneously, leads light mechanism based on the total internal reflection effect improved and photonic band gap effects two kinds while that fibre core leading light. Two kinds of actings in conjunction leading light mechanism can make the coupling of the energy between two fibre cores present the feature being different from general couple device, its serious impact that can be subject between two fibre cores high refractive index post. The constituent material of high refractive index post is the liquid of its refractive index versus temperature sensitivity, liquid crystal or solid material, therefore, just can change the specific refractory power of high refractive index post by changing temperature, and then the energy affected between two fibre cores is coupled.
As shown in Figure 2, owing to two kinds are led the existence of light mechanism, the coupling length L of luminous energy between double-core photonic crystal fiber 1 two fibre cores 5cAlong with the increase first increases and then decreases of optical wavelength, there is the maximum value of coupling length, coupling length shows as single peak structure with wavelength change curve. Meanwhile, high refractive index post 6 specific refractory power is respectively n1��n2And n3(n1>n2>n3) time, coupling length unimodal curve moves to long wavelength direction, namely coupling length unimodal curve can move to long wavelength direction along with the increase of high refractive index post 6 specific refractory power, and the position of coupling length maximum value is also moved to long wavelength direction thereupon, and its maximum value is more and more less.
As shown in Figure 3, when the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 is n1Time, wavelength X1And ��2Corresponding coupling length is all Lc0. , the working order claiming now coupling mechanism is S1. Two wavelength are respectively ��1And ��2Light wave from input port simultaneously input coupler time, owing to the coupling length of their correspondences is identical, the light of two wavelength is all identical at the splitting ratio of output terminal, if the working length L of coupling mechanism meets L=(k+1/2) LC0Time (wherein, k is positive integer), the light of two wavelength is all 50:50 at the splitting ratio of output terminal, and the coupling mechanism being in this state can realize the splitting ratio directional couple functions such as these two wavelength. When the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 is n2Time, due to the movement of coupling length unimodal curve, coupling mechanism is by working order S1It is changed into state S2, corresponding to working order S1Two wavelength X1And ��2Corresponding coupling length is no longer equal, and coupling length value turns into L respectivelyc1And Lc2. If the light wave of two wavelength is initially by same input port input coupler, when the working length L of coupling mechanism meets L=mLC1=nLC2Time (wherein, m and n is two positive integers that parity is contrary), the light wave of two wavelength will export at two different ports, presents the effect of wavelength separated, it is achieved optical signal demultiplexing function; If the light wave of two wavelength is initially by two different port input couplers, the light wave of two wavelength can be exported by same output port, completes the function of optical multiplexed signal. In essence, it is in state S2Coupling mechanism be the Wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer of a dual wavelength. Therefore, regulated the temperature of coupling mechanism by register 2, make the specific refractory power of high refractive index post 6 at n1And n2Between switching, so that it may to realize the switching of coupling mechanism between directional coupler and wavelength-division multiplex/demultiplexing function, and do not need change coupling mechanism structure.
Claims (2)
1. a tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, it is characterized in that: comprise double-core photonic crystal fiber (1) and register (2), register (2) is coated on the outside of double-core photonic crystal fiber (1), for adjusting the temperature of double-core photonic crystal fiber (1), double-core photonic crystal fiber (1) comprises background material (3), air hole (4), fibre core (5) and high refractive index post (6);
Double-core photonic crystal fiber (1) is the regular optical waveguides of cylinder shape, inside is background material (3), air hole (4), fibre core (5) and high refractive index post (6) are all arranged in background material (3), air hole (4) is evenly distributed in background material (3), and keep evenly along fiber length, distance between adjacent two air holes (4) is identical, double-core photonic crystal fiber (1) axial location is high refractive index post (6), the zygomorphy of high refractive index post (6) is distributed with two fibre cores (5), the center of high refractive index post (6) overlaps with the symmetry centre point of two fibre cores (5), adjacent three air holes (4) distribute in equilateral triangle or adjacent four air holes (4) in square profile, the cross section of described high refractive index post (6) is circular or oval.
2. a kind of tunable dual-purpose photonic crystal optical fiber coupler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: high refractive index post (6) adopts the temperature variant liquid of specific refractory power, liquid crystal or solid material, and the specific refractory power of high refractive index post (6) is greater than the specific refractory power of background material (3).
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| EP3338117A1 (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2018-06-27 | Inphotech Sp. z o.o. (Ltd) | Optical fiber coupler |
| CN105093400A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-25 | 合肥工业大学 | High-birefringence mixed photonic crystal fibers |
| CN108415121B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2024-04-16 | 上海理工大学 | High-birefringence double-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter |
| CN108732679A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-11-02 | 湖北科技学院 | Optical fiber structure |
| CN110426777B (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2020-05-12 | 太原理工大学 | Coupling cavity photonic crystal heterostructure capable of realizing broadband circular polarization |
| CN113880422A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-04 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Heterogeneous multi-core optical fiber for preparing mode division multiplexer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103091770A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitting component |
| CN103217743A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-07-24 | 西北工业大学 | Polarizing coupler based on double-core photonic crystal fibers mixed with metal wire |
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| CN103091770A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-08 | 江苏大学 | Photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitting component |
| CN103217743A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-07-24 | 西北工业大学 | Polarizing coupler based on double-core photonic crystal fibers mixed with metal wire |
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