CN111116905A - 一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法 - Google Patents

一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法 Download PDF

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CN111116905A
CN111116905A CN201911397964.3A CN201911397964A CN111116905A CN 111116905 A CN111116905 A CN 111116905A CN 201911397964 A CN201911397964 A CN 201911397964A CN 111116905 A CN111116905 A CN 111116905A
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hydrochloric acid
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polyaniline
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李硕
李明亮
明安杰
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GRIMN Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,包括以下步骤:将反应容器采用惰性气体洗气后充入惰性气体作为保护气体;向反应容器内依次注入苯胺单体和盐酸得到混合溶液;磁搅拌混合溶液;将反应容器置于冰水混合物中,再向反应容器注入过硫酸铵溶液得到反应溶液,磁搅拌反应溶液;将反应溶液反应6h~8h后停止磁搅拌,使反应溶液自然升温;抽滤得到聚苯胺粉末;分别用甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水冲洗聚苯胺粉末;将聚苯胺粉末置于真空干燥箱内干燥1h。本发明方法可以得到盐酸掺杂的导电聚苯胺并对掺杂获得的粉体材料进行气敏性能分析,可以获得具有较好气敏响应性的聚合物材料,有望应用于气体传感器中。

Description

一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于有毒有害气体检测领域,具体涉及一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法。
背景技术
化工生产、智能家居、畜牧业养殖等领域都不可避免的会产生氨气,氨气对人体呼吸道有强烈的刺激性,容易引发呼吸系统疾病。对大气中氨气浓度进行监测,发展具有快速响应、高灵敏度、宽检测限以及长使用寿命的MEMS气体传感器具有良好的市场需求背景。导电高分子作为气敏材料具有传统金属氧化物不具备的优势,通过掺杂修饰可以将其电导率提高到103S/cm,作为氨气气敏材料使用时该材料室温下即具有良好的电学响应特性,不需要额外加热,从器件结构设计以及能耗角度都有显著优势。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题,本发明提供一种具有良好氨敏性能的聚苯胺(PANI)制备方法。本发明采用原位氧化聚合方法,在盐酸掺杂下合成得到中间氧化态的墨绿色PANI粉体,对其进行气敏测试,分析其在不同浓度氨气气氛下的响应性。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将反应容器采用惰性气体洗气后充入惰性气体作为保护气体;
(2)向反应容器内依次注入苯胺单体和盐酸得到混合溶液,苯胺单体和盐酸的摩尔比为1:(1~2);
(3)室温下,将混合溶液进行20min~40min磁搅拌;
(4)将反应容器置于冰水混合物中,再向反应容器内注入过硫酸铵溶液,得到反应溶液,苯胺单体和过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:(1.25~1.75),将反应溶液进行磁搅拌;
(5)将反应溶液在0℃下反应6h~8h后停止磁搅拌,使反应溶液自然升温12h;
(6)将反应溶液抽滤,得到聚苯胺粉末;
(7)分别用甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水冲洗聚苯胺粉末;
(8)将聚苯胺粉末置于真空干燥箱内40℃~60℃下干燥1h,获得干燥的导电聚苯胺粉体。
根据上述的具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中保护气体为高纯氩气。
根据上述的具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,苯胺单体、盐酸、过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:1.5:1.25;盐酸及过硫酸铵溶液分别采用去离子水为溶剂进行稀释或溶解获得。
根据上述的具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中分别用分析纯级别的甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水依次对聚苯胺粉末进行洗滤操作。
本发明的有益技术效果:本发明涉及具有氨敏性能的导电高分子聚合物掺杂改性方法,采用本发明的方法通过简单的原位聚合法可以获得具有良好氨敏性能的HCl掺杂的PANI,该掺杂后聚合物在20ppm NH3中响应灵敏度达到2.541(ΔR/R0),同时在不同浓度氨气中也具有较好的响应性。聚苯胺单体成本低、易于合成、导电性能好,同时具有良好的环境稳定性,是一种具有良好发展前景的气敏材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明HCl掺杂的PANI扫描电镜图;
图2为本发明HCl掺杂的PANI在20ppm NH3浓度下的响应曲线;
图3为本发明HCl掺杂的PANI在不同浓度NH3气氛下的响应曲线,氨气浓度为20ppm~80ppm。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,包括以下步骤:(1)选用250mL圆底烧瓶为反应容器,将反应容器采用惰性气体洗气三次后充入惰性气体作为保护气体;优选的,惰性气体选用高纯氩气。(2)向反应容器内依次注入苯胺单体和盐酸得到混合溶液;使用的盐酸为38wt.%浓盐酸采用去离子水稀释后获得,浓度为0.17mol/L。苯胺单体、浓盐酸均为分析纯级别,苯胺单体和盐酸的摩尔比为1:(1~2)。(3)室温下,将混合溶液进行20min~40min磁搅拌;(4)将反应容器置于冰水混合物中,再向反应容器内注入过硫酸铵溶液,得到反应溶液,将反应溶液进行磁搅拌;苯胺单体、盐酸、过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:(1~2):(1.25~1.75),优选的,苯胺单体、盐酸、过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:1.5:1.25;过硫酸铵溶液为分析纯级别。盐酸及过硫酸铵溶液分别采用去离子水为溶剂进行稀释或溶解获得。(5)将反应溶液在0℃下反应6h~8h后停止磁搅拌,使反应溶液自然升温12h;(6)将反应溶液抽滤,得到聚苯胺粉末;(7)分别用甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水冲洗聚苯胺粉末;优选的,分别用分析纯级别的甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水依次对聚苯胺粉末进行洗滤操作。(8)将聚苯胺粉末置于真空干燥箱内40℃~60℃下干燥1h,获得干燥的导电聚苯胺粉体。
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明,但并不意味着对本发明保护范围的限制。
实施例1
在250mL圆底烧瓶中放入磁子后采用高纯氩气进行三次洗气操作,之后充入氩气作为反应保护气体,将圆底烧瓶固定在铁架台上。
用注射器取0.1mL苯胺单体注入反应用圆底烧瓶,采用去离子水将38wt.%浓盐酸稀释为0.17mol/L,向圆底烧瓶内注入该稀释后的盐酸10mL。开启磁搅拌功能,室温条件下磁搅拌30min。将圆底烧瓶置于冰水混合物中后,取一定量过硫酸铵(APS)溶于去离子水中,配制得到1.37mmol/L的APS溶液,用注射器取10mL注入反应烧瓶,此时仍然保持磁搅拌条件。0℃冰水浴中反应6h后停止磁搅拌,使反应溶液自然升温12h。
利用抽滤法得到PANI-C60粉末,分别用甲醇、5%HCl以及去离子水在抽滤条件下依次冲洗,去除未聚合完全的成分以及杂质离子。将所得粉体置于真空干燥箱内40℃下干燥1h,获得干燥的粉体。
采用昆明贵研金峰科技有限公司生产的JF02F气体传感器测试系统测试复合材料的气敏性能。室温条件下进行动态配气测试,气体流量为300sccm,通气时长为15min,排气时长为20min,测试电压5V。
图1为本发明HCl掺杂的PANI扫描电镜图;由图2的气敏测试曲线可以得到PANI样品在20ppm NH3中的灵敏度2.541(ΔR/R0),同时可见重复性良好。图3为HCl掺杂后得到的PANI样品在不同浓度NH3气氛下的响应曲线图,根据测试结果可进行进一步数据处理,为其在气敏测试器件中的实际应用进行前期分析。

Claims (4)

1.一种具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将反应容器采用惰性气体洗气后充入惰性气体作为保护气体;
(2)向反应容器内依次注入苯胺单体和盐酸得到混合溶液,苯胺单体和盐酸的摩尔比为1:(1~2);
(3)室温下,将混合溶液进行20min~40min磁搅拌;
(4)将反应容器置于冰水混合物中,再向反应容器内注入过硫酸铵溶液,得到反应溶液,苯胺单体和过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:(1.25~1.75),将反应溶液进行磁搅拌;
(5)将反应溶液在0℃下反应6h~8h后停止磁搅拌,使反应溶液自然升温12h;
(6)将反应溶液抽滤,得到聚苯胺粉末;
(7)分别用甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水冲洗聚苯胺粉末;
(8)将聚苯胺粉末置于真空干燥箱内40℃~60℃下干燥1h,获得干燥的导电聚苯胺粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中保护气体为高纯氩气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,苯胺单体、盐酸、过硫酸铵的摩尔比为1:1.5:1.25;盐酸及过硫酸铵溶液分别采用去离子水为溶剂进行稀释或溶解获得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨敏性能的导电聚苯胺原位合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中分别用分析纯级别的甲醇、5%盐酸以及去离子水依次对聚苯胺粉末进行洗滤操作。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111533905A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-14 黑龙江大学 一种利用气体扩散制备柔性的二维聚苯胺薄膜的方法
CN116516685A (zh) * 2023-04-19 2023-08-01 重庆文理学院 一种生理监控多功能传感器的制备方法

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US20080118404A1 (en) * 2006-11-18 2008-05-22 National Inst. Of Adv. Industrial Sci And Tech. High sensitive gas sensor and its manufacturing process
CN102504248A (zh) * 2011-09-21 2012-06-20 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 一种聚苯胺的制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5536473A (en) * 1993-01-13 1996-07-16 British Gas Plc Polyaniline gas sensor
US20080118404A1 (en) * 2006-11-18 2008-05-22 National Inst. Of Adv. Industrial Sci And Tech. High sensitive gas sensor and its manufacturing process
CN102504248A (zh) * 2011-09-21 2012-06-20 镇江忆诺唯记忆合金有限公司 一种聚苯胺的制备方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111533905A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-14 黑龙江大学 一种利用气体扩散制备柔性的二维聚苯胺薄膜的方法
CN111533905B (zh) * 2020-05-22 2023-03-17 黑龙江大学 一种利用气体扩散制备柔性的二维聚苯胺薄膜的方法
CN116516685A (zh) * 2023-04-19 2023-08-01 重庆文理学院 一种生理监控多功能传感器的制备方法
CN116516685B (zh) * 2023-04-19 2024-03-22 重庆文理学院 一种生理监控多功能传感器的制备方法

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