CN111090259A - Method for checking and correcting workpiece rotating shaft coordinate deviation in numerical control system - Google Patents
Method for checking and correcting workpiece rotating shaft coordinate deviation in numerical control system Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005477 standard model Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of a workpiece rotating shaft in a numerical control system, which comprises the following steps: generating a standard model of the workpiece by using CAM software, generating an NC code, wherein the NC code is used for turning the workpiece by 180 degrees around a rotation axis, and introducing the NC code into a numerical control system; installing a workpiece and processing the workpiece through an NC code; measuring the machined workpiece and recording the data of the workpiece; and calculating the actual X-axis origin coordinate, the actual Y-axis origin coordinate and the actual Z-axis origin coordinate of the workpiece according to the recorded errors of the data of the workpiece and the data of the standard workpiece, and calibrating the XYZ origin coordinate in the numerical control system. The NC program of the invention can be output for multiple times at one time to ensure that the measurement can be repeated; the operator does not need to care about the programming and the content of the program, only needs to install the workpiece and trigger the machining, and the operation is simple; the high-difficulty operation requirements of using a clamp, a dial indicator and a ten-thousandth indicator are avoided, and a common operator can finish calibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coordinate measurement and calibration, and particularly relates to a method for detecting and correcting coordinate deviation of a workpiece rotating shaft in a numerical control system.
Background
In the production or use of 4-axis and 5-axis CNC devices, the axis of rotation needs to be centered by means of a centering bar (also called an edge finder) or other centering methods. For 4-axis equipment, the origin of the Y-axis workpiece can be determined in the process of centering; for a 5-axis tool, the XY-axis workpiece origin can be determined. In general, we will refer to the 4 th axis as the A axis, and the rotation direction is around the X axis; the 5 th axis is the B axis, and the rotation direction is around the Y axis. Ideally, the origin of the X-axis workpiece should fall on the center line of the B axis, and the origin of the Y-axis workpiece should fall on the center line of the A axis; for some 4-axis devices that fix the origin of the Z-axis workpiece to the centerline of the axis of rotation, the workpiece YZ origin will be located on the a-axis centerline at the same time, and for 5-axis devices the workpiece XYZ origin will be located on the intersection of the a-axis and B-axis centerlines at the same time.
When the machining is carried out under the ideal condition, the rotating shaft is turned over by 180 degrees, according to the shaft center line symmetry principle, a point on a Y coordinate of a workpiece can appear at a position which is equidistant from the rotating shaft center line in the opposite direction of the same coordinate after the point is turned over by 180 degrees on the A axis, and for example, a point machined at the position of + Y appears at the position of-Y after the point is turned over by 180 degrees on the A axis; in the same way, the point on the X coordinate is also changed after the B axis is turned by 180 degrees; the Z coordinate point of the workpiece can be changed whether the A axis or the B axis is turned by 180 degrees.
However, in practice, when the workpiece Z-axis origin is centered or set, errors exist in various methods, and when the errors are large, the workpiece precision is affected. As shown in FIG. 1, when Y0 is in the center, it is deviated from the lower part of the rotation axis, and the point originally machined at Y50 is actually at the dotted circle after being rotated by 180 degrees, but the machining program is to find the coordinates of Y-50 to machine, and Y-50 is deviated according to Y0 instead of the rotation axis, so that the machining positions of Y50 and Y-50 are actually asymmetrical, and the machined workpiece has deformation. Since the method of the division has errors, it is impossible to eliminate the errors absolutely. How does the error value cancel to the greatest extent?
The traditional method generally comprises the steps of carrying out multiple times of center division by using a center dividing rod, comparing difference values of each time of center division, and then calculating an average value according to multiple measurement results with small errors to determine center dividing accuracy; in addition, the centering precision can be tested by additionally arranging a clamp, using a dial indicator or a ten-thousandth indicator and measuring the distance between the midpoint and the edge of the regular clamp. These methods are a precision guarantee measure before processing, do not detect the processed workpiece, and cannot objectively reflect the processing precision of the workpiece; moreover, due to manual operation, the probability of error caused by human is higher, and the requirement on the proficiency of an operator is also higher.
Therefore, a new technology is particularly needed to solve the problems that the existing technology cannot objectively reflect the processing precision of the workpiece, the probability of error is greater due to manual operation, and the requirement on an operator is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for detecting and correcting the coordinate deviation of a workpiece rotating shaft in a numerical control system, which can reflect the machining precision of a workpiece, correct and calibrate the origin coordinate of the workpiece according to the machining precision of the workpiece, improve the precision and have low requirement on an operator, and aims to solve the problems that the machining precision of the workpiece cannot be objectively reflected, the error probability is higher due to manual operation and the requirement on the operator is higher in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotating shaft in the numerical control system comprises the following steps:
s10, generating a standard model of a workpiece by using CAM software, generating an NC code from the standard model, wherein the NC code is used for turning the workpiece by 180 degrees around a rotation axis, and introducing the NC code into a numerical control system of machining equipment;
s20, clamping a workpiece to be machined on machining equipment, and machining the workpiece to be machined through NC codes;
s30, measuring the machined workpiece and recording data of the workpiece;
and S40, calculating the actual X-axis origin coordinate, the actual Y-axis origin coordinate and the actual Z-axis origin coordinate of the workpiece according to the error between the recorded data of the workpiece and the data of the standard workpiece, and calibrating the XYZ origin coordinate in the numerical control system.
Further as a modification of the present invention, the rotation axis includes an a axis whose rotation direction is about the X axis and a B axis whose rotation direction is about the Y axis.
Further as an improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the NC code includes an a code for performing 180 ° flip processing on the workpiece around an a axis and a B code for performing 180 ° flip processing on the workpiece around a B axis.
Further as an improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the data of the workpiece comprises the height of the workpiece and the thickness X of the workpiece on one side of the positive direction of the X axis+Thickness X of the workpiece on one side in the negative direction of the X axis-Thickness Y of the workpiece in the positive Y-axis direction+And the thickness Y of the workpiece on the negative Y-axis side-。
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the calculation formula of the actual Z-axis origin of the workpiece in step S40 is: the actual Z origin of the workpiece is the old Z origin + (standard height-measured height)/2;
the calculation formula of the actual Y-axis origin of the workpiece is as follows: actual Y origin ═ old Y origin + [ (standard Y)+Thickness-actual measurement Y+Thickness) + (measured Y-Thickness-standard Y-Thickness)]/4；
The calculation formula of the actual X-axis origin of the workpiece is as follows: actual X origin ═ old X origin + [ (standard X)+Thickness-measured X+Thickness) + (measured X-Thickness-standard X-Thickness)]/4。
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the numerical control system includes a coordinate calibration module, and the step S40 is performed on the coordinate calibration module, the coordinate calibration module integrates a calculation formula of an actual Z-axis origin of the workpiece, a calculation formula of an actual Y-axis origin of the workpiece, and a calculation formula of an actual X-axis origin of the workpiece, the coordinate calibration module further has a calibration operation interface, the calibration operation interface includes a data input port and a coordinate correction button, the data input port is used for inputting measured data, and the coordinate correction button is used for automatically calculating the input data according to the calculation formula and automatically calibrating an X-axis origin coordinate, a Y-axis origin coordinate, and a Z-axis origin coordinate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the NC program for fixing the standard workpiece is generated by using CAM software, so that the tool path is more accurate, and the workpiece can be better controlled to be machined; the NC program can be output once and used for multiple times so as to ensure that the measurement can be repeated; an NC program is introduced into the numerical control system, an operator does not need to care about writing and content of the program, only needs to install a workpiece and trigger machining, and the operation is simple.
2. The measurement of the processing result can reflect the processing precision of the workpiece, and an operator only needs to measure by a caliper and calculate according to a formula to obtain the actual XYZ origin coordinates of the workpiece and then correct the actual XYZ origin coordinates; the high-difficulty operation requirements of using a clamp, a dial indicator and a ten-thousandth indicator are avoided, and a common operator can finish calibration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a 180 flip Y50 process with Y0 below the axis of rotation;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a master model of a workpiece;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a master model of a workpiece;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a workpiece being 180 flipped about the A axis;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a workpiece being 180 flipped about the B axis;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a machined workpiece with the Y origin of the workpiece located correctly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a machined workpiece with the Y origin of the workpiece offset from the A axis and in the positive Y axis direction;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a machined workpiece with the Y origin offset from the A axis and in the negative Y axis direction;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a machined workpiece with the workpiece X origin in the correct position;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a machined workpiece with the X origin of the workpiece displaced from the A axis and in the positive X axis direction;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a machined workpiece with the X origin of the workpiece offset from the A axis and in the negative X direction;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an input interface.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a workpiece; 2, an A axis; 3, B axis; 4. calibrating an operation interface; 11. a convex surface; 12. a concave surface; 41. a data input port; 42. and a coordinate correction button.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained by the embodiment in the following with the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 2 to 13, the method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotation axis in the numerical control system comprises the following steps:
s10, generating a standard model of the workpiece 1 by using CAM software and generating an NC code by using the standard model, wherein the top of the workpiece 1 is 1mm thick, the bottom of the workpiece is a groove, four edges of the groove are equal in thickness, the thickness of each edge is 1mm, the length of each edge is 10mm, and the total height of the workpiece is 6mm, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4; the NC codes are used for performing 180-degree turning machining on the workpiece 1 around a rotation axis and guiding the NC codes into a numerical control system of a machining device, wherein the rotation axis comprises an A axis 2 with a rotation direction around an X axis and a B axis 3 with a rotation direction around a Y axis, and the NC codes comprise an A code for performing 180-degree turning machining on the workpiece 1 around the A axis 2 and a B code for performing 180-degree turning machining on the workpiece 1 around the B axis 3; when manufacturing NC codes, the four sides of a square at the bottom of the workpiece 1 are ensured to be respectively parallel to an X axis and a Y axis; and the bottom and the top are placed on an XY plane, the convex surface 11 is in the positive direction of the Z axis when the A axis 2 is 0 degrees, and the concave surface 12 is in the negative direction of the Z axis, so that the A axis 2 is inevitably rotated by 180 degrees at 0 degrees to finish the processing when the convex surface 11 and the concave surface 12 are processed, as shown in FIG. 5; similarly, when the B axis 3 is 0 degrees, the convex surface 11 is in the positive direction of the Z axis, and the concave surface 12 is in the negative direction of the Z axis, so that when the convex surface 11 and the concave surface 12 are processed, the B axis 3 is necessarily 0 degrees and rotates 180 degrees to complete the processing, as shown in FIG. 6;
s20, clamping the workpiece 1 to be machined on machining equipment, starting the equipment by an operator, and machining the workpiece 1 to be machined through NC codes;
s30, finishing the processingAfter the process is finished, an operator takes off the workpiece 1, and measures and records the data of the workpiece 1 by using a high-precision caliper, wherein the caliper precision meets the machining precision requirement, and the data of the workpiece 1 comprises the height of the workpiece 1 and the thickness X of the workpiece 1 on one side of the positive direction of the X axis+Thickness X of work 1 on one side in the negative X-axis direction-Thickness Y of the work 1 in the positive Y-axis direction+And the thickness Y of the work 1 on the negative Y-axis side-；
And S40, calculating the actual X-axis origin coordinate, the actual Y-axis origin coordinate and the actual Z-axis origin coordinate of the workpiece according to the recorded errors of the data of the workpiece 1 and the data of the standard workpiece 1, and calibrating the XYZ origin coordinate in the numerical control system. Measured data are input through a data input port 41 of a calibration operation interface 4 of the numerical control system, a coordinate correction button 42 is pressed after the input is finished, the numerical control system automatically calculates according to a calculation formula of a Z-axis origin, a calculation formula of a Y-axis origin and a calculation formula of an X-axis origin which are integrated in a coordinate calibration module, and automatically calibrates XYZ origin coordinates in the numerical control system according to a calculation result.
The step S40 is performed on the coordinate calibration module, the calibration module integrates a calculation formula of the Z-axis origin, a calculation formula of the Y-axis origin, and a calculation formula of the X-axis origin, the coordinate calibration module further has a calibration operation interface 4, the calibration operation interface includes a data input port 41 and a coordinate correction button 42, the data input port 41 is used for inputting measured data, and the coordinate correction button 42 is used for automatically calculating the input data according to the calculation formula and automatically calibrating the coordinates of the X-axis origin, the coordinates of the Y-axis origin, and the coordinates of the Z-axis origin; the calibration operator interface 4 is shown in fig. 13.
In step S40, the calculation formula of the actual Z-axis origin of the workpiece 1 is:
actual Z origin (old Z origin + (standard height-measured height)/2
If the old Z origin deviates from the Z-axis negative direction, the actual height of the workpiece 1 is smaller due to the fact that the lower cutter is too deep during machining; if the old Z origin is deviated from the positive Z-axis direction, the workpiece 1 may have a large actual height due to the shallow bottom tool during machining. A rotation of 180 deg. will amplify the error by a factor of 2, so that the Z origin of the coordinates of the workpiece 1 can be corrected by means of the height offset.
In step S40, the calculation formula of the actual Y-axis origin of the workpiece 1 is:
actual Y origin ═ old Y origin + [ (standard Y)+Thickness-actual measurement Y+Thickness) + (measured Y-Thickness-standard Y-Thickness)]/4
According to the provision of step S10, the convex surface 11 (profile) is machined at 20 ° of the a axis, in which case the machined workpiece 1 is the solid line portion in fig. 7; the concave surface 12 (inner side) is machined at 2180 ° of the a axis, and the inner side of the workpiece 1 is hollowed out after the machining as shown by the broken line in fig. 7. Assuming that the old Y origin is located in the positive Y-axis direction away from the rotation center line of the A-axis 2, the four sides after machining are as shown in FIG. 8, and Y origin is located in the positive Y-axis direction+The thickness will be larger and Y-Is small. Assuming that the old Y origin is located in the Y-axis negative direction away from the rotation center line of the A-axis 2, the four sides after machining are as shown in FIG. 9, and Y is+The thickness will be smaller and Y-Is larger.
By Y+Or Y-The offset correction of the Y origin of the workpiece 1 coordinates, and taking into account that modifying the origin of the workpiece 1 would produce a symmetrical effect, is divided by 2, i.e.:
actual Y origin (old Y origin + (standard Y)+Thickness-actual measurement Y+Thickness)/2
Or
Actual Y origin (old Y origin + (measured Y)-Thickness-standard Y-Thickness)/2
To further eliminate measurement errors, Y may be used+Deviation sum Y-Averaging the deviations, namely:
actual Y origin ═ old Y origin + [ (standard Y)+Thickness-actual measurement Y+Thickness)/2 + (measured Y)-Thickness-standard Y-Thickness)/2]/2
Simplifying to obtain:
actual Y origin ═ old Y origin + [ (standard Y)+Thickness-actual measurement Y+Thickness) + (measured Y-Thickness-standard Y-Thickness)]/4
In step S40, the calculation formula of the actual X-axis origin of the workpiece 1 is:
actual X origin ═ old X origin + [ (standard X)+Thickness-measured X+Thickness) + (measured X-Thickness-standard X-Thickness)]/4
Only five-axis models are valid. According to the provision of step S10, the convex surface 11 (profile) is machined at 30 ° of the B-axis, in which case the machined workpiece 1 is the solid line portion in fig. 10; the concave surface 12 (inner side) is machined at 3180 ° of the B axis, and the inner side of the workpiece 1 is hollowed out after this machining as shown by the dotted line in fig. 10. Assuming that the old X origin is located in the positive X-axis direction away from the rotation center line of the B-axis 3, the four sides after machining are as shown in FIG. 11, X+The thickness will be larger and X-Is small. Assuming that the old X origin is offset from the rotation center line of the B-axis 3 and is located in the X-axis negative direction, the machined 4 sides are as shown in FIG. 12, X+The thickness will be smaller and X-Is larger.
By X+Or X-The offset correction of the X origin of the workpiece 1 coordinates, and taking into account that modifying the origin of the workpiece 1 would produce a symmetrical effect, is divided by 2, i.e.:
actual X origin ═ old X origin + (standard X)+Thickness-measured X+Thickness)/2
Or
Actual X origin (old X origin + (actually measured X)-Thickness-standard X-Thickness)/2
To further eliminate measurement errors, X may be used+Deviation sum X-Averaging the deviations, namely:
actual X origin ═ old X origin + [ (standard X)+Thickness-measured X+Thickness)/2 + (actually measured X-Thickness-standard X-Thickness)/2]/2
Simplifying to obtain:
actual X origin ═ old X origin + [ (standard X)+Thickness-measured X+Thickness) + (measured X-Thickness-standard X-Thickness)]/4
According to the invention, the NC program for fixing the standard workpiece is generated by using CAM software, so that the tool path is more accurate, and the processing on the concave-convex two surfaces of the workpiece can be better controlled; the NC program can be output once and used for multiple times so as to ensure that the measurement can be repeated; because the NC program generated by the CAM is integrated in the numerical control system, an operator does not need to care about writing and content of the program, only needs to install materials and trigger processing, and the operation is simple. For the measurement of the processing result, the calibration can be completed only by measuring with a caliper and inputting the measurement result, so that the working efficiency is improved, the error of manual formula calculation is avoided, the high-difficulty operation requirements of using a clamp, a dial indicator and a ten-thousandth indicator are further avoided, and the calibration can be completed by common operators.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and there may be some slight structural changes in the implementation, and if there are various changes or modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and within the claims and equivalent technical scope of the present invention, the present invention is also intended to include those changes and modifications.
Claims (6)
1. Method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of a workpiece rotating shaft in a numerical control system, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, generating a standard model of a workpiece by using CAM software, generating an NC code from the standard model, wherein the NC code is used for turning the workpiece by 180 degrees around a rotation axis, and introducing the NC code into a numerical control system of machining equipment;
s20, clamping a workpiece to be machined on machining equipment, and machining the workpiece to be machined through NC codes;
s30, measuring the machined workpiece and recording data of the workpiece;
and S40, calculating the actual X-axis origin coordinate, the actual Y-axis origin coordinate and the actual Z-axis origin coordinate of the workpiece according to the error between the recorded data of the workpiece and the data of the standard workpiece, and calibrating the XYZ origin coordinate in the numerical control system.
2. The method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotation axis in the numerical control system according to claim 1, wherein: the rotation axis includes an a-axis whose rotation direction is rotation around the X-axis and a B-axis whose rotation direction is rotation around the Y-axis.
3. The method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotation axis in the numerical control system according to claim 2, wherein: the NC codes include an A code for performing 180 DEG flip processing of the workpiece about an A axis and a B code for performing 180 DEG flip processing of the workpiece about a B axis.
4. The method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotation axis in the numerical control system according to claim 3, wherein: the data of the workpiece comprises the height of the workpiece and the thickness X of the workpiece on one side of the positive direction of the X axis+Thickness X of the workpiece on one side in the negative direction of the X axis-Thickness Y of the workpiece in the positive Y-axis direction+And the thickness Y of the workpiece on the negative Y-axis side-。
5. The method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotation axis in the numerical control system according to claim 4, wherein: the calculation formula of the actual Z-axis origin of the workpiece in step S40 is: the actual Z origin of the workpiece is the old Z origin + (standard height-measured height)/2;
the calculation formula of the actual Y-axis origin of the workpiece is as follows: actual Y origin ═ old Y origin + [ (standard Y)+Thickness-actual measurement Y+Thickness) + (measured Y-Thickness-standard Y-Thickness)]/4；
The calculation formula of the actual X-axis origin of the workpiece is as follows: actual X origin ═ old X origin + [ (standard X)+Thickness-measured X+Thickness) + (measured X-Thickness-standard X-Thickness)]/4。
6. The method for checking and correcting the coordinate deviation of the workpiece rotation axis in the numerical control system according to claim 5, wherein: the numerical control system comprises a coordinate calibration module, wherein the step S40 is performed on the coordinate calibration module, a calculation formula of an actual Z-axis origin of the workpiece, a calculation formula of an actual Y-axis origin of the workpiece, and a calculation formula of an actual X-axis origin of the workpiece are integrated into the coordinate calibration module, the coordinate calibration module further comprises a calibration operation interface, the calibration operation interface comprises a data input port and a coordinate correction button, the data input port is used for inputting measured data, and the coordinate correction button is used for automatically calculating the input data according to the calculation formula and automatically calibrating an X-axis origin coordinate, a Y-axis origin coordinate, and a Z-axis origin coordinate.
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| CN112013795A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-01 | 赛轮集团股份有限公司 | Method for confirming alignment of tire building crown assembly and tire cylinder assembly and application |
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