CN115922439A - Method for detecting machining precision of numerical control five-axis machine tool - Google Patents
Method for detecting machining precision of numerical control five-axis machine tool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the machining precision of a numerical control five-axis machine tool, which comprises the following steps: designing and processing a test piece; designing detection elements of the test piece; designing the main detection size of the test piece, comprising: finely boring a positioning center hole to enable the positioning center hole to be a reference A hole of other detection elements; sequentially milling four sides of the test piece by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters; boring four measuring blind holes perpendicular to four sides by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters; processing the upper end surface of the test piece by adopting a cutter and cutting parameters which are the same as those of the four sides; and (3) detection and judgment: and after the machining is finished, detecting whether the requirements of the size and the position on the test piece meet the requirements according to design requirements. The precision detection method can comprehensively and effectively detect the five-axis directional machining precision of the machine tool, and effectively solves the problem that the machining precision requirement of a novel aircraft engine precision case cannot be met by a high-precision five-axis machine tool which is qualified according to the detection standard of the conventional numerical control five-axis machine tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of precision detection of numerical control five-axis machine tools, in particular to a machining precision detection method of a numerical control five-axis machine tool.
Background
In the prior art, the precision detection of a five-axis machine tool forms a mature international standard and a mature international flow, and the detection flow is as follows:
1. firstly, detecting the geometric accuracy of the machine tool according to the content of the international standard ISO10791-1, and mainly judging the accuracy of a machine tool structure, which is the premise and the basis of the machine tool accuracy;
2. according to the international standard VDI/DGQ3441, a laser interferometer is used for respectively detecting the positioning accuracy and the repeated positioning accuracy of each shaft, and the running accuracy of the machine tool is judged;
3. according to the international standard ISO10791-7, trial cutting an M test block in a three-axis state, and detecting the dynamic precision of the machine tool according to the indexes of roughness, roundness, angle, size and the like of a machined surface;
4. according to the international standard ISO10791-7, an S-shaped test piece is trial cut in a five-axis linkage state, the comprehensive precision of the machine tool in a multi-axis linkage state is detected, and the requirement on the precision of the profile tolerance of the S-shaped test piece is not more than 0.12.
The standard precision detection method has certain limitation when the aero-engine is processed relative to high-precision space orientation sizes of various different standards, and although an S-shaped test piece is the comprehensive precision for detecting the multi-axis linkage state of a machine tool, the S-shaped test piece cannot accurately reflect the errors of the machine tool in multi-axis and different-angle orientation processing, so that in the field of high-precision machining of the aero-engine, a five-axis machine tool passes the precision detection of international standards, and still cannot machine high-precision aero-engine components.
The existing patent CN114063559A "precision verification method for five-axis numerical control machine tool" is a detection method combining the items 3 and 4, and does not specify the error offset of the five-axis machine tool in the process of processing the oriented angle of the main shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for detecting the machining precision of a numerical control five-axis machine tool, which aims to solve the technical problem that the five-axis machine tool still cannot machine high-precision aircraft engine parts in the high-precision machining field of aircraft engines due to the fact that the existing method cannot accurately reflect the errors of the machine tool in multi-axis and different-angle directional machining.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting the machining precision of a numerical control five-axis machine tool comprises the following steps: s10: designing and processing a test piece: designing a square test piece, and enabling the center of the upper end face of the test piece to be provided with an inwards concave positioning center hole; s20: designing detection elements of the test piece: fixing the test piece on a machine tool workbench or a clamp, aligning and positioning the central hole, taking the alignment vertical surface of the straightened test piece as a C reference surface, and aligning the bottom surface of the test piece as a B reference surface; s30: designing the main detection size of the test piece, and specifically comprising the following steps: s301: finely boring a positioning center hole to enable the positioning center hole to be a reference A hole of other detection elements; s302: sequentially milling four sides of the test piece by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters; s303: boring four measuring blind holes perpendicular to four sides by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters; s304: processing the upper end surface of the test piece by using a cutter and cutting parameters which are the same as those of the four peripheral surfaces; s40: and (3) detection and judgment: after machining is finished, whether the size and position requirements on the test piece meet the requirements or not is detected according to design requirements, and if the requirements are met, the numerical control five-axis machine tool meets the use requirements.
Further, in step S10, the two side surfaces of the test piece are further provided with correspondingly arranged and recessed mounting grooves for fixing the test piece on the machine tool worktable or the fixture.
Furthermore, the numerical control five-axis machine tool is an AB cradle type double-turntable horizontal five-axis machine tool.
Further, rotating the B shaft by using a dial indicator to align and position the center hole, and enabling the runout of the center hole to be not more than 0.003mm; the position of the straightening C datum plane is not more than 0.003mm, the C datum plane is used as an angular datum, and the B axis of the workpiece coordinate system is set to be 0 degree; and aligning the B datum plane to be not more than 0.003mm.
Further, step S301 specifically includes the following steps: rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a-90-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction; and finely boring the positioning center hole to ensure that the roundness of the positioning center hole is not more than 0.003mm.
Further, step S302 specifically includes the following steps: rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a 0-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction; setting theoretical lengths of two adjacent surfaces to be milled as L1 and L2 in a numerical control program by taking the positioning center hole as a rotation center; roughly milling and finely milling four peripheral surfaces of the test piece by using a bottom edge of a milling cutter respectively; and the distances from the L1 and the L2 to the positioning center hole are measured to be L1 +/-X5 and L2 +/-X6, wherein X5 and X6 are actually measured error values.
Further, step S303 specifically includes the following steps: rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a 0-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction; finely boring four measuring blind holes phi E, phi D, phi C and phi F at the four sides of the test piece at the same height h3, machining phi E at the reference surface C in a B0 directional machining mode, and then respectively machining three holes phi D, phi C and phi F with the same size at B90 degrees, B180 degrees and B270 degrees; and detecting whether the coaxiality of the phi C hole to the phi E hole is greater than phi X2, whether the coaxiality of the phi D hole to the phi F hole is greater than phi X3, and whether the position degree of the D hole relative to the A, B and C references is greater than phi X4.
Further, step S304 specifically includes the following steps: rotating the A shaft to a-90-degree state, and operating a five-shaft directional machining instruction; processing the upper end surface of the test piece by using the bottom edge of the same milling cutter for processing L1 and L2 in the step S302 and the same cutting parameters, and processing according to the designed size requirement of h 4; and measuring an error value of h4, and judging an error value from the rotation center Y direction of the shaft A of the device to the working table.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for detecting the machining precision of the numerical control five-axis machine tool is additionally provided with a method for detecting the directional machining precision of a space angle on the basis of the existing detection standard of the numerical control five-axis machine tool, can comprehensively and effectively detect the directional machining precision of the five axes of the machine tool, and further perfects the detection of the high-precision directional machining precision of the five axes of the machine tool; the problem that the machining precision requirement of a novel aircraft engine precision casing cannot be met by a high-precision five-axis machine tool which is qualified according to the detection standard of the existing numerical control five-axis machine tool is effectively solved; the detection method is simple and easy to operate, and provides reference for the precision calibration of the five-axis machine tool; during detection operation, the invention provides a cuboid test piece capable of correctly reflecting the precision of multi-axis directional machining, and a multi-axis space directional machining method and a detection method of the test piece are explained in detail, the detection result effectively reflects the deviation values of X, Y and Z relative to the rotation center of the five-axis machine tool under different angles of the A axis and the B axis, and the detection method is supplementary and perfect for the precision detection standard of the five-axis machine tool applied to the field of high-precision machining of aero-engines.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a test piece of a preferred embodiment of the present invention prior to processing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional front view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the test piece inspection dimensions of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional front view schematic of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of test piece machining dimensions of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a sectional front view structural diagram of fig. 5.
Description of the figures
10. A test piece; 101. positioning the central hole; 102. installing a groove;
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting machining accuracy of a numerical control five-axis machine tool, comprising the following steps:
s10: designing and processing the test piece 10: designing a square test piece 10, and enabling the center of the upper end face of the test piece 10 to be provided with an inwards concave positioning center hole 101;
s20: design of test elements of the test piece 10: fixing the test piece 10 on a machine tool workbench or a clamp, aligning and positioning the central hole 101, taking the vertical surface of the straightened test piece 10 as a C reference surface, and aligning the bottom surface of the test piece 10 as a B reference surface;
s30: designing the main detection dimensions of the test piece 10 specifically includes the following steps:
s301: finely boring a positioning center hole 101 so that the positioning center hole 101 is a reference A hole of other detection elements;
s302: sequentially milling four sides of the test piece 10 by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters;
s303: boring four measuring blind holes perpendicular to four sides by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters;
s304: processing the upper end surface of the test piece 10 by using a cutter and cutting parameters which are the same as those of the four sides;
s40: and (3) detection and judgment: after machining is finished, whether the size and position requirements on the test piece 10 meet the requirements or not is detected according to design requirements, and if the requirements are met, the numerical control five-axis machine tool meets the use requirements.
When the method for detecting the machining precision of the numerical control five-axis machine tool is used for operation, the four sides of the test piece 10 are milled in sequence by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters, when the numerical control five-axis machine tool is an AB cradle type double-turntable horizontal five-axis machine tool, and the C reference surface is 0 degree of the B axis, the distance error from the four sides to the positioning center hole 101 can represent the error value in the Z axis direction of the machine tool main shaft, the error value in the X axis direction and the Z axis direction of the machine tool and the indexing error of the B axis rotation by using the B axis rotation center as the reference; in the step of boring four measuring blind holes perpendicular to four surfaces by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters, when the numerical control five-axis machine tool is an AB cradle type double-turntable horizontal five-axis machine tool, coaxiality errors of the four measuring blind holes and errors of relative references A, B and C can represent offset errors of the machine tool in the directions of an X axis and a Z axis, comprehensive offset errors in the directions of the X axis and the Z axis, rotation index errors of the B axis, zero point setting errors of a Y axis workpiece and the like; in the step of processing the upper end face of the test piece 10 by using the same cutter and cutting parameters as those of the four peripheral faces, when the numerical control five-axis machine tool is an AB cradle type double-turntable horizontal five-axis machine tool, the error value of the height is used for judging the error value from the rotation center Y direction of the axis A of the equipment to the working table.
The method for detecting the machining precision of the numerical control five-axis machine tool is additionally provided with a method for detecting the directional machining precision of a space angle on the basis of the existing detection standard of the numerical control five-axis machine tool, can comprehensively and effectively detect the directional machining precision of the five axes of the machine tool, and further perfects the detection of the high-precision directional machining precision of the five axes of the machine tool; the problem that the machining precision requirement of a novel aircraft engine precision casing cannot be met by a high-precision five-axis machine tool which is qualified according to the detection standard of the existing numerical control five-axis machine tool is effectively solved; the detection method is simple and easy to operate, and provides reference for the precision calibration of the five-axis machine tool; during detection operation, the invention provides a cuboid test piece 10 capable of correctly reflecting the precision of multi-axis directional machining, and a multi-axis space directional machining method and a detection method of the test piece are explained in detail, and a detection result effectively reflects the deviation values of X, Y and Z relative to a rotation center of a five-axis machine tool under different angles of an axis A and an axis B, and is supplement and perfect to the precision detection standard of the five-axis machine tool applied to the field of high-precision machining of aero-engines.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, in step S10, the two side surfaces of the test piece 10 are further provided with correspondingly arranged and recessed mounting grooves 102 for fixing the test piece 10 on a machine tool table or a fixture. In this alternative, as shown in fig. 2, two mounting grooves 102 are provided symmetrically with respect to the positioning center hole 101 of the test piece 10, thereby improving the accuracy of the test piece.
Optionally, in the present invention, the numerical control five-axis machine tool is an AB cradle type double-turntable horizontal five-axis machine tool, which has three linear axes of X, Y, and Z and two rotation axes of a and B, and is specifically described as follows.
Optionally, step S20 specifically includes the following steps:
rotating the shaft B by using a dial indicator to align and position the central hole 101, and enabling the runout of the central hole to be not more than 0.003mm;
the position of the straightening C datum plane is not more than 0.003mm, the C datum plane is used as an angular datum, and the B axis of the workpiece coordinate system is set to be 0 degree;
and aligning the B datum plane to be not more than 0.003mm.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, step S301 specifically includes the following steps:
rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a-90-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction;
and finely boring the positioning center hole 101 to ensure that the roundness of the positioning center hole 101 is not more than 0.003mm.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, step S302 specifically includes the following steps:
rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a 0-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction;
setting theoretical lengths L1 and L2 of two adjacent milling surfaces in a numerical control program by taking the positioning center hole 101 as a rotation center;
roughly milling and finely milling four peripheral sides of the test piece 10 by using bottom edges of milling cutters respectively;
the distances from the measurement L1 and L2 to the positioning center hole 101 are L1 ± X5 and L2 ± X6, where X5 and X6 are measured error values.
Specifically, the axis a of the machine tool is rotated to the 0 ° state, and since the reference a is processed in the a axis-90 ° state, the dimensional elements are processed in the 0 ° state, and all the a axis rotation errors are included. During machining, the positioning center hole 101 is used as a rotation center, a five-axis directional machining instruction is operated, theoretical lengths of two adjacent surfaces of a milling square block are set to be L1 and L2 in a numerical control program, four surfaces of the periphery of a test piece are roughly milled and finely milled by using a bottom edge of a milling cutter respectively, distances from the L1 and the L2 to the positioning center hole 101 are measured to be L1 +/-X5 and L2 +/-X6 due to certain errors of a machine tool, and as shown in figure 3, X5 and X6 are actually measured error values. When the C reference surface is taken as the B axis 0 degrees, X6 represents the error value of the machine tool main shaft in the Z axis direction and the indexing error of the B axis rotation by taking the B axis rotation center as the reference; x5 represents the error value of the machine tool in the X-axis direction, the Z-axis direction and the indexing error of the B-axis rotation at the B-axis rotation center.
In the actual processing in this step, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bottom edges of the milling cutters are used to mill four sides of the square, and the sizes from the center 101 of the positioning hole to two sides of the square are all 180 ± 0.015.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, step S303 specifically includes the following steps:
rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a 0-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction;
finely boring four measuring blind holes phi E, phi D, phi C and phi F at the four sides of the test piece 10 at the same height h3, machining phi E at the reference surface C in a B0 directional machining mode, and then respectively machining three holes phi D, phi C and phi F with the same size at B90 degrees, B180 degrees and B270 degrees;
and detecting whether the coaxiality of the phi C hole to the phi E hole is greater than phi X2, whether the coaxiality of the phi D hole to the phi F hole is greater than phi X3, and whether the position degree of the D hole relative to the A, B and C references is greater than phi X4.
Specifically, the machine tool a axis is rotated to a 0 ° state, and since the reference a is processed in the a axis-90 ° state, dimensional elements are processed in the 0 ° state, and all the a axis rotation errors are included. And operating a five-axis directional machining instruction, finely boring four holes phi E, phi D, phi C and phi F at the four sides of the test piece at the same height h3, machining phi E at the reference surface C in a B0 directional machining mode, and then respectively machining three holes phi D, phi C and phi F with the same size at B90 degrees, B180 degrees and B270 degrees. The coaxiality of the phi C hole to the phi E hole is not more than phi X2, the coaxiality of the phi D hole to the phi F hole is not more than phi X3, and the position degree of the D hole relative to the A, B and C references is not more than phi X4.
Wherein, X2 represents the offset error of the machine tool in the X-axis direction, the B-axis rotation indexing error and the zero point setting error of the Y-axis workpiece by using the B-axis rotation center; x3 represents the rotation center of the B axis, the offset error of the machine tool in the X axis direction and the Z axis direction, the indexing error of the B axis rotation and the zero point setting error of the Y axis workpiece; x4 represents the comprehensive offset error of the B-axis rotation center machine tool in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, the indexing error of B-axis rotation and the zero point setting error of a Y-axis workpiece; the zero point setting error of the Y-axis workpiece can be detected by detecting an actual value on the machine tool.
In the actual processing of the step, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, a hole with the diameter phi of 25mm and the depth of 30mm is respectively bored on four sides of a square block, the position error of the D reference hole relative to the A, B and C references is not more than 0.03mm, and the coaxiality error of the other two holes is not more than 0.02mm.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, step S304 specifically includes the following steps:
rotating the A shaft to a-90-degree state, and operating a five-shaft directional machining instruction;
processing the upper end face of the test piece 10 by using the bottom edge of the same milling cutter for processing the L1 and the L2 in the step S302 and the same cutting parameters, and processing according to the designed size requirement of h 4;
and measuring an error value of h4, and judging an error value from the rotation center Y direction of the A shaft of the device to the working table.
In the actual machining in the step, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bottom edge of the same milling cutter with the size of 180 +/-0.015 and the upper end face of the part are machined by using the same cutting parameters in the step S302, and the size is guaranteed to be 60 +/-0.015.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting the machining precision of a numerical control five-axis machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10: designing and processing a test piece (10): designing a square test piece (10), and enabling the center of the upper end face of the test piece (10) to be provided with an inwards concave positioning center hole (101);
s20: designing the detection elements of the test piece (10): fixing the test piece (10) on a machine tool workbench or a clamp, aligning and positioning the central hole (101), setting the upright surface of the straightening test piece (10) as a C reference surface, and setting the bottom surface of the straightening test piece (10) as a B reference surface;
s30: designing the main detection size of the test piece (10), and specifically comprising the following steps:
s301: finely boring a positioning center hole (101) so that the positioning center hole (101) is a reference hole A of other detection elements;
s302: sequentially milling four sides of the test piece (10) by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters;
s303: boring four measuring blind holes perpendicular to four sides by using the same cutter and the same cutting parameters;
s304: processing the upper end surface of the test piece (10) by adopting a cutter and cutting parameters which are the same as those of the four peripheral surfaces;
s40: and (3) detection and judgment: after the machining is finished, whether the size and position requirements on the test piece (10) meet the requirements or not is detected according to the design requirements, and if the requirements are met, the numerical control five-axis machine tool meets the use requirements.
2. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 1,
in the step S10, the two side surfaces of the test piece (10) are also provided with correspondingly arranged and inwards concave mounting grooves (102) so as to fix the test piece (10) on a machine tool workbench or a clamp.
3. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 1,
the numerical control five-axis machine tool is an AB cradle type double-turntable horizontal five-axis machine tool.
4. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the step S20 specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the B shaft by using a dial indicator to align and position the central hole (101), and enabling the runout of the central hole to be not more than 0.003mm;
the position of the straightening C datum plane is not more than 0.003mm, the C datum plane is used as an angular datum, and the B axis of the workpiece coordinate system is set to be 0 degree;
and aligning the B datum plane to be not more than 0.003mm.
5. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the step S301 specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a-90-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction;
and finely boring the positioning center hole (101) to ensure that the roundness of the positioning center hole (101) is not more than 0.003mm.
6. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the step S302 specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a 0-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction;
setting theoretical lengths L1 and L2 for milling two adjacent surfaces in a numerical control program by taking the positioning center hole (101) as a rotation center;
roughly milling and finely milling four peripheral surfaces of the test piece (10) by using a bottom edge of a milling cutter respectively;
the distances from the L1 and the L2 to the positioning center hole (101) are measured to be L1 +/-X5 and L2 +/-X6, wherein X5 and X6 are actually measured error values.
7. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, wherein step S303 specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the A axis of the machine tool to a 0-degree state, and operating a five-axis directional machining instruction;
finely boring four measuring blind holes phi E, phi D, phi C and phi F at the four sides of the test piece (10) at the same height h3, machining phi E at the reference surface C in a B0 directional machining mode, and then respectively machining three holes phi D, phi C and phi F with the same size at B90 degrees, B180 degrees and B270 degrees;
and detecting whether the coaxiality of the phi C hole to the phi E hole is greater than phi X2, whether the coaxiality of the phi D hole to the phi F hole is greater than phi X3, and whether the position degree of the D hole relative to the A, B and C references is greater than phi X4.
8. The method for detecting the machining accuracy of the numerical control five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the step S304 specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the A shaft to a-90-degree state, and operating a five-shaft directional machining instruction;
processing the upper end surface of the test piece (10) by using the bottom edge of the same milling cutter for processing L1 and L2 in the step S302 and the same cutting parameters, and processing according to the designed size requirement of h 4;
and measuring an error value of h4, and judging an error value from the rotation center Y direction of the A shaft of the device to the working table.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116673792A (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-09-01 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Machining center rotating shaft error source stripping feature and machining evaluation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116673792A (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-09-01 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Machining center rotating shaft error source stripping feature and machining evaluation method |
| CN116673792B (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-11-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Machining center rotating shaft error source stripping feature and machining evaluation method |
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