CN111087471B - Trop2阳性疾病治疗的化合物及方法 - Google Patents
Trop2阳性疾病治疗的化合物及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明分案申请涉及医药技术领域。本发明公开了Trop2阳性疾病治疗的化合物及方法,化合物为抗体‑药物偶联物(ADC)。本发明中的ADC包含与强细胞毒性的美登木素生物碱药物偶联的抗Trop2抗体,能特异性地将细胞毒素靶向递送至疾病组织,同时去岩藻糖修饰的抗体显著增强了其介导的ADCC效应,协同增强了ADC的抗肿瘤效应,ADC主要用于靶向治疗人Trop2阳性的肿瘤疾病。本发明也提供了这些化合物的制备以及将其用于诊断和治疗诸如恶性肿瘤的方法。
Description
本分案申请的母案申请日为2018年8月10日,申请号为201810907671.4,发明名称为“Trop2阳性疾病治疗的化合物及方法”。
技术领域
本发明涉及一类能与Trop2(TACSTD2)结合的抗体、Trop2抗原结合单元、多肽和免疫偶联物等化合物。本发明也涉及将这些Trop2结合分子用于诊断和治疗诸如恶性肿瘤的方法。
背景技术
人滋养层细胞表面抗原2(Human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2,人Trop-2)是由TACSTD2基因编码的40kDa跨膜糖蛋白(Cytogenet Cell Genet.92:164-65(2001))。Trop2最早鉴定于人滋养层绒毛癌细胞系(Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.78:5147-50(1981)),其胞内尾巴在控制许多调节细胞功能(如细胞-细胞粘附,细胞增殖和细胞迁移等)的信号通路中发挥着重要的作用(Oncogene.32:1594–600(2013);Dev Dyn.244:99–109(2015))。Trop2蛋白常过表达于许多上皮肿瘤中(J Histochem Cytochem.59:701–10(2011);Oncogene.32:222–33(2013))。有研究认为可将其作为前列腺癌干细胞的标志物(Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.105:20882–87(2008)),特别是在肿瘤的起始和发展过程中。Trop2过表达被认为与肿瘤恶性侵袭表型及糟糕的预后有关(PLoS ONE.9:e96993(2014);PLoS ONE.8:e75864(2013);Clin Cancer Res.12:3057–63(2006),所有这些使Trop2成为受关注的候选诊断和预后标志物。当前,Trop2也被用作肿瘤治疗的靶标,因为一个抗Trop2的抗体-药物偶联物(antibody-drug conjugate,ADC)正在用于患者治疗多种转移性肿瘤,包括三阴乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)、非小细胞肺癌和小细胞肺癌(Oncotarget 6:22496-512(2015))。
利用人源化RS7抗体靶向Trop2的ADC的临床作用研究已在开展(http://ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01631552),用作改善三阴乳腺癌(Triple-negativebreast cancer,TNBC)的潜在药物。该ADC称为IMMU-132,由于使用中等毒性的药物SN-38,因此药物与单克隆抗体(mAb)的缀合必须具有高得多的比例(~8:1)才能达到有效性。然而,由于IMMU-132使用的是中等稳定的连接子,人血清中SN-38从IMMU-132上释放半衰期约为24h;此外,IMMU-132在人和小鼠中的消除速率较快,其消除半衰期约为11h,平均滞留时间约为15.4h,这些都预示IMMU-132在临床治疗中的用药频率会很高。尽管IMMU-132在多种上皮实体瘤中表现出令人鼓舞的效果,但其剂量限制性副作用-嗜中性粒细胞减少症的发病率高达58%,同时,使用IMMU-132常伴有严重的腹泻产生,这也常见于诸如SN-38等拓扑异构酶抑制剂的使用过程。与之相比,使用稳定的连接子的Batansine-0808预计会拥有较长的平均滞留时间和较低的用药频率;此外,定点偶联技术在提高ADC产品均一性的同时也能改善其体内过程。由此可见,研究更为有效和安全的靶向Trop2的药物技术迫在眉睫。
美登木素生物碱是抑制微管蛋白聚合的高细胞毒化合物(Remillard等,Science189,1002-1005(1975))。美登素最早由Kupchan等从东非灌木Maytenus serrata分离得到(J.Am.Chem.Soc.94:1354-1356(1972))。美登木素生物碱,包括美登醇及美登醇C-3酯也可由某些微生物产生(U.S.Pat.No.4,151,042)。具有不同细胞毒性的美登醇的各种类似物也可由合成化学制备(for review see Chem.Pharm.Bull.52(1)1-26(2004))。美登木素生物碱的实例包括美登素﹑DM1﹑DM3及DM4。美登素为一种强有力的有丝分裂抑制剂并且在实体鼠源肿瘤模型中对多种肿瘤,包括路易斯(Lewis)肺癌和B-16黑素瘤展现显著的抑制活性。据报道,美登素在浓度低至10-7μg/mL可以抑制人类急性淋巴细胞白血病C.E.M.系(Wolpert-DeFillippes等,Biochem.Pharmacol.1735-1738(1975))。业已证明,其细胞毒性比传统化疗试剂如甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)﹑柔红霉素(daunorubicin)和长春新碱(vincristine)高100到1000倍(U.S.Pat.No.3,896,111)。
安丝菌素是一种细菌美登木素生物碱,与美登素有着相似的活性谱和效应剂量范围。其抑制P388白血病的日剂量低至0.8g/kg。安丝菌素P3(AP3)对许多肿瘤细胞系均有效(综述参考Alkaloids,2:149-204(1984);Chem.Pharm.Bull.52(1):1-26(2004))。研究发现,美登醇C-3酯连N-甲基-L-丙氨酸衍生物比对应酯上为单纯的羧酸有更强的毒性,同时,其毒性为其对应的N-甲基-D-丙氨酸差向异构体的100多倍(U.S.Pat.Nos.4,137,230;4,260,608;Kawai,et al.,Chem.Pharm.Bull.32:3441-3451(1984);Widdison,et al.,J.Med.Chem.49:4392-4408(2006))。
由于其高毒性性质及体外抗多种癌细胞系活性,美登木素生物碱有望能治疗多种不同的癌症。然而,其毒性也使得这类化合物在人类临床试验中不是令人满意的,因为其副作用对很多患者是无法忍受的(Issel等,Cancer Treat.Rev.199-207(1978))。因此,人们通过将毒性药物偶联到单克隆抗体上靶向传递毒性药物至肿瘤细胞,以降低毒副作用。
ADC由三个关键元素组成:抗体﹑连接子和药物。特定抗体和药物的选择取决于特定疾病,其对药物的有效性和安全性有重大影响。连接子的稳定性及药物偶联到抗体的方法对ADC药物开发成功或失败起决定性作用。
抗体药物偶联物的疗效部分取决于各种参数的组合,不仅包括抗体的特异性、药物的药效强度和ADC的偶联方式,而且包括连接子的稳定性或其对断裂的敏感性﹑细胞表面激发内化﹑转运和随后有效细胞毒性“弹头”的释放。因此,即便针对同一靶点,不同的药物,或不同的连接子,或针对同一靶标的不同抗体,乃至相同的抗体不同的偶联方式,ADC的应用性和有效性都可能有显著性差异。。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供的是与美登木素生物碱偶联的抗Trop2抗体,用于靶向病患细胞或组织。该抗Trop2抗体可与病患细胞或组织上的一种抗原相结合。偶联到抗体上的药物可对抗原表达细胞产生细胞毒性、细胞生长抑制性或免疫抑制效果,以用于治疗或预防Trop2阳性肿瘤复发。ADC的高亲和力能确保细胞毒性美登木素生物碱精确靶向肿瘤细胞,否则,强毒性的美登木素生物碱将会与结合到全身的非预期的靶点,从而导致经常性的难以接受的毒副作用。目前的技术提供了一种对Trop2阳性细胞传递具有抑制或杀伤效果的美登木素生物碱的方法,这种方法同时能减少美登木素生物碱可能带来的副作用,如对抗原阴性细胞的旁观者杀伤效应。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供的是一个偶联了美登素生物碱化合物的抗Trop2抗体,在其中,美登素生物碱化合物是通过一个连接子偶联到该抗Trop2抗体上。该连接子对酸、肽酶和组织蛋白酶均不敏感,不含二硫键,使ADC在血液循环中稳定一旦进入细胞即能释放药物。类似的连接子预期能在进入细胞前为偶联的小分子提供稳定性(如在血液循环中稳定),以避免连接子过早降解释放毒性药物,从而降低药物的毒副作用。在一些实施例中,偶联物的美登素-连接子部分是N2’-去乙酰-N2’(6-马来酰亚胺基-1-氧代己基)-美登素(3AA-MDC或batansine),或其衍生物。在另一些实施例中,为改善ADC的安全性和活性,偶联物的1个抗体分子中至少载有1分子药物。令人惊奇的是,即便在高载药情况下,抗体在靶向传递药物至靶细胞的过程中仍足够稳定。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了式Ia或Ib的美登木素生物碱连接子抗Trop2抗体偶联物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,
其中
X为氢或卤素;
Y选自氢﹑C1-C6烷基﹑C3-C6环烷基和-C(=O)R5;
R1选自H﹑-OH﹑-OC(=O)R5和-OR5基团;
R2为H或C1-C6烷基;
R3为甲基﹑-CH2OH或-CH2OC(=O)R6;
R4为-OH或–SH;
R5为C1-C6烷基或苄基;
R6为C1-C6烷基﹑苯基或苄基;
R7为氢、C1-C6烷基或氨基酸侧链;
R8为氢或者C1-C6烷基;
n为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8;
p选自1、2、3﹑4﹑5﹑6﹑7﹑8﹑9或者10;
Anti-Trop2为抗Trop2抗体。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种包含如上所述美登木素生物碱连接子抗Trop2抗体偶联物,如式Ia的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种制备如上所述美登木素生物碱连接子抗Trop2抗体偶联物的方法,该方法包括将抗Trop2抗体与一个或一个以上本文所述的可偶联到抗Trop2抗体的美登木素生物碱化合物相连接。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种将美登木素生物碱送达抗原阳性细胞或组织的靶向给药方法,所述美登素与抗Trop2抗体偶联。
在另外一些实施方案中,本发明所提供的抗Trop2抗体可以为BAT0806,其包含的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示的抗Trop2轻链和SEQ ID NO:2所示的抗Trop2重链,其中抗Trop2抗体或者Trop2抗原结合单元是表达载体以CHO-BAT细胞系(该细胞系为中华仓鼠卵巢细胞系CHO-K1(ATCC#CCL-61)驯化后适应悬浮生长而来)为宿主细胞表达产生的抗体。在一些实施例中,本发明所提供的抗Trop2抗体可以为BAT0807,其包含的氨基酸序列如SEQID NO:3所示的抗Trop2轻链和如SEQ ID NO:4所示的抗Trop2重链,其中抗Trop2抗体或者Trop2抗原结合单元是表达载体以CHO-BAT细胞系(该细胞系为中华仓鼠卵巢细胞系CHO-K1(ATCC#CCL-61)驯化后适应悬浮生长而来)为宿主细胞表达产生的抗体。在一些实施例中,本发明所提供的抗Trop2抗体可以为BAT0808,其包含的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示的抗Trop2轻链和SEQ ID NO:4所示的抗Trop2重链,其中抗Trop2抗体或者Trop2抗原结合单元是表达载体以CHO-BAT-KF细胞株(该细胞系保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号:CCTCC NO:C2017127,保藏日期2017.8.10,保藏地址为:中国,武汉,武汉大学;分类命名为:中国仓鼠卵巢细胞CHO-BAT-KF fut8(-/-))为宿主细胞表达产生的抗体,其特征是宿主细胞被敲除α-(1,6)-岩藻糖基转移酶基因,表现为表达的抗体岩藻糖含量为0-5%,具有ADCC增强的效应。在一些实施例中,本发明所提供的抗Trop2抗体可以为其他Trop2抗原结合单元。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及所述美登木素生物碱化合物用于制备治疗疾病的药物的用途,所述疾病可以包括:增生性疾病,如肿瘤;感染或自身免疫疾病,如移植排斥。所述疾病还可包括其他可以用靶向疗法治疗的疾病,这些疾病的特征包括:细胞产生抗原或靶点,该抗原或靶点能与Trop2抗原结合单元特异结合。所述美登木素生物碱化合物可以由Trop2抗原结合单元与一个或多个美登素偶联而成。
附图说明
图1A和1B显示了BAT0806和Batansine-0806通过尺寸排阻色谱测定聚集率。
图2A和2B显示了BAT0808和Batansine-0808通过尺寸排阻色谱测定聚集率。
图3显示了Sephadex G25(M)柱分离抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0806的图谱。
图4显示了Sephadex G25(M)柱分离抗体药物偶联物BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38的图谱。
图5显示了Sephadex G25(M)柱分离抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0808的图谱。
图6显示了美登木素生物碱衍生物DM1和Cys-3AA-MDC对人正常肝细胞(LO2)的生长抑制作用。
图7显示了Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807和Batansine-0808对Trop2阳性三阴乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-468)的生长抑制作用。
图8显示了Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807和Batansine-0808对Trop2阳性皮肤鳞状细胞癌细胞(A431)的生长抑制作用。
图9显示了Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807和Batansine-0808对Trop2阳性胃癌细胞(N87)的生长抑制作用。
图10A和10B显示了未偶联的抗体BAT0806和BAT0808对Trop2阳性三阴乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-468)的生长均无抑制作用。
图11A,11B和11C显示了BAT0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对MDA-MB-468,A431和N87细胞的增殖抑制活性.
图12A和12B显示了Batansine-0808的ADCC增强效果。与Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38相比,较低浓度的Batansine-0808就能显著抑制Trop2阳性人皮肤鳞癌细胞(A431)的增殖,显示出Batansine-0808 ADCC增强的优势。
图13显示Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对人正常肝细胞系LO2的增殖抑制活性。
图14A和14B显示抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对小鼠中人MDA-MB-468移植瘤模型中肿瘤生长的抑制作用。
图15A和图15B显示了Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对小鼠中人MDA-MB-468移植瘤模型中肿瘤生长的抑制作用。
图16显示了抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0808对小鼠中人MX-1移植瘤模型的肿瘤生长的抑制作用。
图17A和17B显示了抗Trop2抗体BAT0806的轻重链氨基酸序列。
图18A和18B显示了抗Trop2抗体BAT0807和BAT0808的轻重链氨基酸序列。
具体实施方式
定义
除非另作说明,正如于此使用的那样,否则应适用以下定义。
除非另作说明,正如于此使用的那样,单数形式“一(a,an)”和“所述(the)”,包括复数例证。因而,如提到“一个化合物”也包括其复数“一些化合物”。
正如于此使用的那样,“大约”为本领域普通技术人员所理解并且依据使用其上下文可在某种程度发生变化。如果有条款不为本领域普通技术人员所清楚,考虑其使用的上下文,“大约”意味着个别条款的加或减10%﹑或加或减5%﹑或加或减1%。
正如于此使用的那样,术语“包括”意指组合物和方法包括列举的元素,但未将其他的排除在外。当用来定义组成和方法时,“基本由…组成”意指排除对这一组合具有本质意义的其他元素。例如,正如于此定义的那样,基本由某些元素组成的成分并不排除其它对所要求发明的基本和新颖特点没有本质影响的其它元素。“由…组成”意味着排除超过所列举的衡量的其它组分和本质意义的方法步骤。每个过渡条款所界定的实施方案中在本发明范围内。
正如于此使用的那样,“美登木素生物碱”指的是具美登素类似物,包括其立体异构体。美登素可从美登木属植物分离得到(参见美国专利3896111),其结构式为:
美登木素生物碱为具有美登素的环结构且其环上具有一个或一个以上取代基修饰的化合物。
“烷基”指的是具有1到10个碳原子(优选为1到6个碳原子)的单价饱和脂肪烃基。Cv烷基,其中v为整数表示具有v个碳原子的烷基。这一术语包括,例如,直链和支链的烃基如甲基(CH3-)﹑乙基(CH3CH2-)﹑正丙基(CH3CH2CH2-)﹑异丙基((CH3)2CH-)﹑正丁基(CH3CH2CH2CH2-)﹑异丁基((CH3)2CHCH2-)﹑仲丁基((CH3)(CH3CH2)CH-)﹑叔丁基((CH3)3C-)﹑正戊基(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-)和新戊基((CH3)3CCH2-)。“亚烃基”是具有1到10个碳原子(优选为1到6个碳原子)的二价饱和脂肪烃基。
“烯基”指的是具有2到6个碳原子(优选为2到4个碳原子)并且具有至少1个(优选为1到2个)位置的不饱和烯基(>C=C<)直链或支链烃基。这些基团实例包括乙烯基﹑烯丙基和3-丁烯-1-基。顺式和反式异构体或这些异构体的混合物包括在该范围内。
“炔基”指的是具有2到6个碳原子(优选为2到3个碳原子)并且具有至少1个(优选为1到2个)位置的不饱和炔基(-C≡C-)的直链或支链烃基。这些炔基的实例包括乙炔基(-C≡CH)和炔丙基(-CH2C≡CH)。
“氨基”指的是-NR’R”基团,其中R’和R”独立选自氢﹑烷基﹑取代烷基﹑烯基﹑取代烯基﹑炔基﹑取代炔基﹑芳基﹑取代芳基﹑环烷基﹑取代环烷基﹑环烯基﹑取代环烯基﹑杂芳基﹑取代杂芳基﹑杂环﹑取代杂环,以及如果R’和R”都不是氢,其中R’和R”可选地与结合的氮原子共同连接形成杂环或取代杂环(其中烷基﹑取代烷基﹑烯基﹑取代烯基﹑炔基﹑取代炔基﹑环烷基﹑取代环烷基﹑芳基﹑取代芳基﹑杂芳基﹑取代杂芳基﹑杂环﹑取代杂环定义如上)。当R’为氢和R”为烷基,取代氨基有时称作烷氨基。当R’和R”为烷基,取代氨基有时称作二烷氨基。-NH2有时称作未取代氨基。当提及单取代氨基,意为R’和R”两者中任一个为氢,但并非两者都是。当提及二取代氨基,意为R’和R”两者都不是氢。
“氨基酸”指包含氨基和羧基的任何化合物,不论其为天然,非天然还是合成的。氨基酸的实例包括,但不限于甘氨酸(NH2CH2COOH)﹑半胱氨酸﹑丙氨酸﹑N-甲基丙氨酸,其包括D和L光学异构体。“氨基酸侧链”指取代甘氨酸亚甲基上一个氢原子的取代基。氨基酸侧链实例包括,但不限于天然氨基酸侧链﹑烷基﹑取代烷基﹑烯基﹑取代烯基﹑炔基﹑取代炔基﹑芳基﹑取代芳基﹑环烷基﹑取代环烷基﹑环烯基﹑取代环烯基﹑杂芳基﹑取代杂芳基﹑杂环基﹑取代杂环基。
“芳基”指具有6到14碳原子的单价芳香族碳环基团,其可为单一环系(如苯基)或多稠环(如萘或蒽),只要连接点在芳香碳原子上,这些稠环可以是或者不是芳香族的(如2-苯并噁唑酮﹑2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-3(4H)-酮-7-基等)。优选的芳基包括苯基和萘基。
“羰基”指二价基团-C(O)-,其等价于-C(=O)-。
“羧基”指的是-COOH或CO2H,或其盐。
“羧酸”指含有至少一个羧基的化合物。
“氰基”指-CN基团。
“环烷基”指具有3到10个碳原子的环状烷基,可以是单个或多个环状环,包括稠环﹑桥环和螺环系统。只要连接点是通过非芳香﹑非杂环碳环形的环,这些环中一个或多个可以是芳基﹑杂芳基或杂环基。合适的环烷基的实例包括,如:环丙基﹑环丁基﹑环戊基和环辛基。其它环烷基的实例包括双环[2,2,2]辛基﹑降莰基和螺双环如螺[4,5]癸-8-基:
环烯指的是环状的烯烃。
“环烯基”指的是具有单个或多个环且含有至少一个>C=C<(优选1到2个位置为>C=C<)的具有3到10个碳原子的非芳香环状烷基。
“卤原子”或“卤素”指的是氟﹑氯﹑溴和碘,优选为氟或氯。
“卤代烷基”指的是被1到5﹑1到3或1到2个卤原子取代的烷基,其中烷基和卤原子定义如上。
“羟基”指的是-OH基团。
“杂芳基”指的是环中具有6到10个碳原子和1到4个杂原子(从氧﹑氮和硫原子选择)的芳基。这些杂芳基可以是单一环(如吡啶基或呋喃基)或多个稠环(如吲哚基或苯并噻吩基),其中只要连接点是通过杂芳基上的原子,稠环可以是或不是芳香族的和/或含有一个杂原子。在一个实施方案中,杂芳基上的氮和/或硫环原子另外可氧化成氮-氧(N→O),或磺酰部分。优选的杂芳基包括吡啶基﹑吡咯基﹑吲哚基和呋喃基。
“杂环”或“杂环的”或“杂环烷基”或“杂环基”指的是饱和的或部分饱和的,但不是芳香族的基团,其具有3到10个环碳原子和1到4个环杂原子(由氮﹑硫或氧基团选择)。这些杂环包括单一环或多个稠环(包括稠桥和稠螺环系)。在稠环系中,只要连接点是通过非芳香环,一个或多个环可以是环烷基﹑芳基或杂芳基。在一个实施方案中,杂环基上的氮和/或硫环原子另外可氧化成氮-氧(N→O),或磺酰部分。
杂环和杂芳基的实例包括但不限于吖丁啶﹑吡咯﹑吡唑﹑吡啶﹑吡嗪﹑嘧啶﹑哒嗪﹑吲嗪﹑异吲哚﹑吲哚﹑二氢吲哚﹑吲唑﹑嘌呤﹑喹嗪﹑异喹啉﹑喹啉﹑酞嗪﹑萘吡啶﹑喹喔啉﹑喹唑啉﹑噌啉﹑碟啶﹑咔唑﹑咔啉﹑菲啶﹑吖啶﹑菲啰啉﹑异噻唑﹑吩嗪﹑异噁唑﹑吩噁嗪﹑吩噻嗪﹑咪唑啉﹑哌啶﹑哌嗪﹑吲哚啉﹑邻苯二甲酰亚胺﹑1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉﹑4,5,6,7-四氢苯并[b]噻吩﹑噻唑﹑噻唑烷﹑噻吩﹑苯并[b]噻吩﹑吗啉基﹑硫代吗啉基﹑1,1-二氧代硫代吗啉基﹑哌啶基,吡咯烷和四氢呋喃基。
“取代烷基”﹑“取代烯基”﹑“取代炔基”﹑“取代环烷基”﹑“取代环烯基”﹑“取代芳基”﹑“取代杂芳基”或“取代杂环基”指的是各自被1到5个﹑特别是1到3个﹑优选是1到2个取代基取代的烷基﹑烯基﹑炔基﹑环烷基﹑环烯基﹑芳基或杂环基,这些取代基选自烷基﹑卤代烷基﹑-O-R20﹑-S-R20﹑烯基﹑炔基﹑氧代﹑-C(=O)R20﹑-C(=S)R20﹑-C(=O)OR20﹑-NR20C(=O)R21﹑-OC(=O)R21﹑-NR20R20﹑-C(=O)NR20R20﹑-C(=S)NR20R20﹑-NR20C(=O)NR20R20﹑-NR20C(=S)NR20R20﹑-OC(=O)NR20R20﹑-SO2NR20R20﹑-OSO2NR20R20﹑-NR20SO2NR20R20﹑-C(=NR20)NR20R20﹑芳基﹑-NR20C(=O)OR21﹑-OC(=O)OR21﹑氰基﹑环烷基﹑环烯基﹑-NR20C(=NR20)NR20R20﹑卤素﹑羟基﹑杂芳基﹑杂环基﹑硝基﹑-SO3H﹑-SO2R21和-OSO2R21,其中R20独立地为氢﹑烷基﹑烯基﹑炔基﹑芳基﹑环烷基﹑环烯基﹑杂芳基和杂环基,或两个R20与其结合的原子形成一个杂环,R21为烷基﹑烯基﹑炔基﹑芳基﹑环烷基﹑环烯基﹑杂芳基和杂环基。
“硝基”指-NO2基团。
“氧代”指的为原子(=O)或(-O)。
“螺环系”指的是双环系,其中有一个单一环原子为两个环所共有。
“巯基”指的是-SH基团。
“硫羰基”指的是二价-C(S)-基团,等同于-C(=S)-。
“硫酮”指的是原子(=S)。
如上使用的“化合物”应包括指明的分子式的立体异构体和互变异构体。
“立体异构体”指的是一个或多个立体中心的手性不同的化合物。立体异构体包括对映异构体和非对映异构体。
“互变异构体”指的是一个化合物其质子的位置不同的变化形式,如烯醇-酮和亚胺-烯胺互变异构体,或者杂芳基的互变异构形式包括环原子连接到环-NH-部分和环=N-部分如吡唑﹑咪唑﹑苯并咪唑﹑三氮唑和四氮唑。
“溶剂合物”指的是溶剂以晶型方式和化合物缔合。溶剂缔合通常由于在化合物的合成﹑结晶和/或重结晶中使用溶剂。“溶剂合物”包括水以晶型方式和化合物缔合的水合物。
“患者”或“接受实验的对象”指的是哺乳动物,其中包括人和非人类哺乳动物。在一些实施例中,“患者”或“接受实验的对象”指人。在另一些实施例中,“患者”或“接受实验的对象”指非人哺乳动物,如野生的、家养的和农场动物。在其他一些实施例中,“患者”或“接受实验的对象”指狗、猫、小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠或灵长类,如黑猩猩。
“药学上可接受的盐”指的是化合物药学上可接受的盐,所述盐产生该技术领域众所周知的各种各样的有机和无机抗衡离子,仅仅示例性盐包括,当分子含有酸性官能团时,有机或无机盐如钠盐﹑钾盐﹑钙盐﹑镁盐﹑铵盐﹑异丙胺﹑三甲胺﹑二乙胺基﹑三乙胺﹑三丙胺﹑乙醇胺﹑2-二甲胺基乙醇﹑2-二乙胺基乙醇﹑二环己基胺﹑赖氨酸﹑精氨酸﹑组氨酸﹑咖啡因﹑普鲁卡因﹑hydrabamine﹑胆碱﹑甜菜碱﹑乙二胺﹑葡糖胺﹑甲葡糖胺﹑可可碱﹑嘌呤﹑哌嗪﹑哌啶﹑N-乙基哌啶﹑多胺树脂及四烷基铵盐等;以及当分子含有碱性官能团时,有机或无机酸盐如盐酸盐﹑氢溴酸盐﹑酒石酸盐﹑甲磺酸盐﹑醋酸盐﹑马来酸盐和草酸盐。酸的其它非限制例子包括硫酸﹑硝酸﹑磷酸﹑丙酸﹑乙醇酸﹑丙酮酸﹑丙二酸﹑琥珀酸﹑富马酸﹑酒石酸﹑柠檬酸﹑苯甲酸﹑肉桂酸﹑扁桃酸﹑甲磺酸﹑乙磺酸﹑对甲苯磺酸﹑水杨酸等。
患者疾病“治疗”指的是:(1)阻止疾病在有倾向性或还没表现疾病症状的患者中出现;(2)抑制疾病或阻止其发展;或(3)减轻疾病或致其退化。
“有效量”意指活性化合物或药剂的量,其导致研究人员﹑兽医﹑医生或其他临床医生正寻求的组织﹑系统﹑动物﹑个体以及人的生物或药用响应,这包含治疗一种疾病。
“给药”指组合物可能通过口服、注射、输液、肠外、静脉、粘膜、舌下、肌内、皮内、鼻腔、腹腔、动脉内、皮下吸收或通过任意其他与现有技术相结合的给药方式完成。在本发明的一个实施例中,给药是系统性的。
正如于此使用的那样,短语“有需要”一词意为受试者需要特殊的方法或治疗。在一些实施例中,识别可以通过任何方式的诊断。在本发明所述的任何方法和治疗中,受试者可能是需要的。
抗Trop2抗体药物偶联物
在一个实施方案中,本发明公开的是美登木素生物碱通过一个连接子偶联到抗Trop2抗体,该连接子酸稳定、肽酶组织蛋白酶不敏感且在循环系统中是稳定的,同时能向细胞内释放毒性药物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明公开的是一个抗体药物偶联物,此处的药物是特异性的连接在重链的经过工程改造的半胱氨酸位点,并且抗体药物偶联物每个抗体具有大约2.0个分子的平均药物负载量。
适于偶联连接基团的类美登素包括美登醇和美登醇类似物包括可以按照已知方法从天然源分离﹑使用生物技术制造(见如:Yu等,99PNAS 7968-7973(2002))﹑或按照已知方法合成制备(见如:Cassady等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.52(1)1-26(2004))。
适合的美登醇类似物的实例包括:
(1)C-19-去氯(参见美国专利4256746)(由安丝菌素P2经氢化锂铝还原制备);
(2)C-20-羟基(或C-20-去甲基)+/-C-19-去氯(参见美国专利4361650和4307016)(使用链霉菌(Streptomyces)或放线菌(Actinomyces)去甲基或使用氢化锂铝(LAH)去氯制备);
(3)C-20-去甲氧基、C-20-酰氧基(-OCOR)、+/-去氯(参见美国专利4294757)(使用酰氯通过酰化制备);
(4)C-9-巯基(美国专利号4424219)(通过美登醇与H2S或P2S5反应制备);
(5)C-14-羟甲基(CH2OH)或酰氧甲基(CH2OC(=O)苯基或CH2OC(=O)(C1-C5烷基))(参见美国专利4331598)(从诺卡氏菌(Nocardia)制备);
(6)C-15-羟基/酰氧基(参见美国专利4364866)(美登醇经由链霉菌(Streptomyces)转化而成);
(7)C-15-甲氧基(参见美国专利4313946和4315929)(从Trewia nudlflora分离得到);
(8)C-18-N-去甲基(参见美国专利4362663和4322348)(美登醇经由链霉菌(Streptomyces)去甲基制备);以及
(9)4,5-去氧(参见美国专利4371533)(美登醇经由三氯化钛/氢化锂铝还原制备)。
取决于连接子类型,美登醇上的很多位置可用作连接位置。例如,对于形成酯键,C-3位置具有羟基,C-14位置为羟甲基修饰,C-15位置为羟基修饰以及C-20位置具有羟基都是合适的。在一些实施方案中,连接处为C-3位置。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供了式Ia或Ib的类美登素衍生物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,
其中
X为氢或卤素;
Y选自氢﹑C1-C6烷基﹑C3-C6环烷基和-C(=O)R5;
R1选自H﹑-OH﹑-OC(=O)R5和-OR5基团;
R2为H或C1-C6烷基;
R3为甲基﹑-CH2OH或-CH2OC(=O)R6;
R4为-OH或–SH;
R5为C1-C6烷基或苄基;
R6为C1-C6烷基﹑苯基或苄基;
R7为氢、C1-C6烷基或氨基酸侧链;
R8为氢或者C1-C6烷基;
n是0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7或8;
p是从1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10中选择的;
Anti-Trop2是抗Trop2的抗体。
在一些实施方案中,化合物Ia为
或在药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,其中Anti-Trop2是抗Trop2(TACSTD2)抗体。
在一些实施方案中,抗Trop2的抗体是表达载体以敲除α-(1,6)-岩藻糖基转移酶的细胞系(CHO-BAT-KF)为宿主细胞表达产生的抗体,其特征在于增强的ADCC功能。
具有连接基团能偶联到抗Trop2抗体的类美登素衍生物或类美登素连接子抗Trop2抗体偶联物的类美登素组分也可由其它合适的细胞毒试剂例如:auristatin﹑DNA小沟结合试剂﹑DNA小沟烷基化试剂﹑烯二炔(enediyne)﹑lexitropsin﹑duocarmycin﹑紫杉烷(taxane)﹑嘌呤霉素(puromycin)﹑dolastatin及长春花碱(vinca alkaloid)所取代。其它合适的细胞毒试剂包括抗微管蛋白试剂如:auristatin﹑长春花碱(vinca alkaloid)﹑竹叶草霉素(podophyllotoxin)﹑紫杉烷(taxane)﹑浆果赤霉素衍生物(baccatin derivative)﹑cryptophysin﹑类美登素(maytansinoid)﹑combretastatin﹑或尾海兔素(dolastatin)。在一些实施方案中,细胞毒试剂为AFP﹑MMAF﹑MMAE﹑AEB﹑AEVB﹑auristatin E﹑长春新碱(vincristine)﹑长春花碱(vinblastine)﹑长春地辛(vindesine)﹑长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)﹑VP-16﹑喜树碱(camptothecin)﹑紫三醇(paclitaxel)﹑多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)﹑埃博霉素A(epothilone A)﹑埃博霉素B(epothilone B)﹑诺考达唑(nocodazole)﹑秋水仙碱(colchicines)﹑colcimid﹑雌氮芥(estramustine)﹑西马多丁(cemadotin)﹑圆皮海绵内酯(discodermolide)﹑美登素(maytansine)﹑DM-1﹑DM-3﹑DM-4或eleutherobin。合适的免疫抑制剂包括如丙氧鸟苷(gancyclovir)﹑依那西普(etanercept)﹑环孢霉素(cyclosporine)﹑他克莫司(tacrolimus)﹑雷柏霉素(rapamycin)﹑环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)﹑咪唑硫嘌呤(azathioprine)﹑霉酚酸酯(mycophenolatemofetil)﹑甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate)﹑氢化可的松(cortisol)﹑醛甾酮(aldosterone)﹑地塞米松(dexamethasone)﹑环氧酶抑制剂(cyclooxygenase inhibitor)﹑5-脂氧合酶抑制剂(5-lipoxygenase inhibitor)或白三烯受体拮抗剂(leukotriene receptorantagonist)。在一些实施方案中,细胞毒试剂为AFP﹑MMAF﹑MMAE﹑AEB﹑AEVB﹑auristatin E﹑紫杉醇(paclitaxel)﹑多西紫杉醇docetaxel﹑CC-1065﹑SN-38﹑拓扑替康(topotecan)﹑吗啉代阿霉素(morpholino-doxorubicin)﹑根霉素(rhizoxin)﹑氰基吗啉代阿霉素(cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin)﹑尾海兔素-10(dolastatin-10)﹑棘霉素(echinomycin)﹑combretatstatin﹑卡里奇霉素(calicheamicin)﹑美登素(maytansine)﹑DM-1﹑DM-3﹑DM-4或纺锤霉素(netropsin)。
具有连接基团能偶联到抗Trop2抗体的类美登素衍生物或类美登素连接子抗Trop2抗体偶联物的类美登素组分也可由其它合适的免疫抑制剂例如:丙氧鸟苷(gancyclovir)﹑依那西普(etanercept)﹑环孢霉素(cyclosporine)﹑他克莫司(tacrolimus)﹑雷柏霉素(rapamycin)﹑环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)﹑咪唑硫嘌呤(azathioprine)﹑麦考酚酸酯(mycophenolate mofetil)﹑氨甲喋呤(methotrexate)﹑氢化可的松(cortisol)﹑醛固酮(aldosterone)﹑地塞米松(dexamethasone)﹑环氧酶抑制剂(cyclooxygenase inhibitor)﹑5-脂氧合酶抑制剂(5-lipoxygenase inhibitor)或白三烯受体拮抗剂(leukotriene receptor antagonist)所取代。
抗Trop2抗体
抗Trop2抗体包括抗体的片段(多克隆和单克隆,如Fab,Fab',F(ab')2,and Fv)(参见,如.,Parham,J.Immunol.131:2895-2902(1983);Spring et al.,J.Immunol.113:470-478(1974);Nisonoff et al.,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.89:230-244(1960)),结构域抗体(dAb)及其抗原结合片段,包括骆驼抗体(参见,如,Desmyter et al.,NatureStruct.Biol,3:752(1996));shark antibodies called new antigen receptors(IgNAR)(see,e.g.,Greenberg et al.,Nature,374:168(1995);Stanfield et al.Science 305:1770-1773(2004)),称为新抗原受体(IgNAR)的鲨鱼抗体(参见,如,Greenberg et al.,Nature,374:168(1995);Stanfield et al.Science 305:1770-1773(2004)),和糖基化基因工程改造的ADCC功能增强的抗体,以及在一些情况下,通过基因工程改变氨基酸用于毒素定点偶联的抗体。
单克隆抗体技术使得抗Trop2抗体的特异性单克隆抗体的形式成为可能。本行业内最众所周知的生产单克隆的方法是使用如靶细胞中分离的肿瘤特异性抗原去免疫小鼠、大鼠或其他哺乳动物。另外一种制备抗Trop2的抗体的方法是利用scFv的噬菌体库(单链可变区),尤其是人scFv(参见Griffiths et al.,US 5,885,793和5,969,108;McCafferty etal.,WO 92/01047;Liming et al.,WO 99/06587),或者用酵母筛选系统制备结构域抗体(参见US 7,195,595)。另外,如美国专利5,639,641中所公布的抗体人源化技术也可以用做产生嵌合抗体或人源化抗体。此外,也可以使用专利U.S.Pat.No.5,639,641揭示的技术产生抗体,该抗体可以是嵌合或人源化抗体。
抗体部分可以是单克隆抗体,抗原结合抗体片段,双特异性或其他多价抗体或其他基于抗体的分子。抗体可以是各种同种型,优选人IgG1,IgG2,IgG3或IgG4,更优选包含人IgG1铰链和恒定区序列。抗体或其片段可以是嵌合的,人源化的或人抗体,以及其变体,例如由van der Neut Kolfschoten et al.Science 317:1554-1557(2007)所述的半抗IgG4抗体(称为“单体”)。更优选地,抗体或其片段可以被设计或选择为包含属于特异性同种异型的人恒定区序列,当将ADC施用于人类受试者时可能导致降低的免疫原性。用于给药的优选同种异型包括非G1m1异型(nG1m1),例如G1m3,G1m3,1,G1m3,2或G1m3,1,2。更优选地,同种异型选自nG1m1,G1m3,nG1m1,2和Km3同种异型。
挑选特定的抗Trop2抗体是一个重要问题,这取决于要靶向的疾病类型,细胞和组织。
在某些实施方案中,抗Trop2抗体是全人单克隆抗体,在另一个实施方案中,抗Trop2的抗体是人源化的单克隆抗体。
可以使用能特异结合肿瘤抗原的抗Trop2抗体。本文所用的“肿瘤抗原”是指在肿瘤细胞中产生的抗原物质,也就是说它能诱发宿主的免疫反应。肿瘤抗原可用于鉴定肿瘤细胞,并且是癌症治疗的潜在靶点。人体内正常蛋白不具有抗原性。然而一些特定的蛋白质在肿瘤发生的过程中会产生或者过表达,因而对机体来说是外来物质。这可能包括从不与免疫系统接触的正常蛋白质,表达量极低的蛋白质,仅在某些发育阶段产生的蛋白质或其结构由于突变而被修饰的蛋白质。
抗Trop2抗体能与Trop2特异结合并有极高的亲和力,它在一系列的实体瘤中高表达,包括三阴性乳腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、尿路上皮癌、乳腺癌、头颈癌、肾癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、卡波西肉瘤、胰腺癌和肺癌、宫颈癌、结肠直肠癌、食管癌、口腔鳞状细胞癌、前列腺癌、甲状腺癌、膀胱癌、神经胶质瘤、肝胆管癌、结肠直肠癌、T细胞淋巴瘤等,但在正常组织细胞中很少甚至不表达。
Trop2是一种I型跨膜蛋白,并已成功克隆人(Fornaro et al.,Int J Cancer 62:610-8(1995))和老鼠(Sewedy et al.,Int J Cancer 75:324-30(1998))的基因。它除了在肿瘤相关钙信号转导中起作用,人Trop2的表达是结肠癌细胞肿瘤发生和侵袭的所必须的,这种效果可以通过使用Trop2的细胞外结构域的多克隆抗体有效降低(Wang et al.,MolCancer Ther 7:280-5(2008))。
因为Trop2蛋白质在乳腺癌(Huang et al.,Clin Cancer Res 11:4357-64(2005))、结肠癌(Ohmachi et al.,Clin Cancer Res 12:3057-63(2006);Fang et al.,Int J Colorectal Dis 24:875-84(2009))、口腔鳞状细胞癌中过表达的报道,作为实体瘤治疗靶点的Trop2已经获得越来越多的关注。特别值得注意的是,最近研究证据表明高表达Trop2的前列腺基底细胞在体内外均表现出干细胞样活性(Goldstein et al.,Proc NatlAcad Sci USA 105:20882-7(2008))。
例如,流式细胞术和免疫组织化学染色研究已经显示RS7单克隆抗体是一种抗Trop2单克隆抗体,可以检测多种肿瘤类型的抗原,但与正常人组织的结合有限(Stein etal.,(1990))。Trop2主要由肿癌中表达,如肺癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫癌和前列腺癌。在动物模型中使用放射性标记的鼠RS7单克隆抗体的定位和治疗研究已经证明了肿瘤靶向和治疗效果(Stein et al.,(1990);Stein et al.,(1991))。在肺、乳腺、膀胱、卵巢、子宫、胃和前列腺的肿瘤中已经证明了RS7的强染色(Stein et al.,Int.J.Cancer 55:938(1993))。肺癌病例包括鳞状细胞癌和腺癌(Stein et al.,Int.J.Cancer 55:938(1993)),两种细胞类型都强烈染色,表明RS7抗体不能区分非小细胞肺癌的不同组织学分类。
预期可以通过引入具有增强抗体依赖性细胞毒性功能的氨基酸序列修饰抗Trop2抗体。例如,可以修饰Fc和/或铰链区中的氨基酸以实现ADCC增强。介导ADCC增强的IgG1-Fc的实例以及筛选这些序列的方法是本领域是已知的(例如,Stewart et al.Protein EngDes Sel.24(9):671-8(2011))。也可以通过基因工程改造抗体以降低或去除岩藻糖,增加对Fc-γIII亲和力,从而增强ADCC活性。
药物与抗Trop2抗体的偶联
如上所述,化合物(例如:类美登素药物衍生物)可以通过连接子偶联至抗Trop2抗体。在一些实施方案中,抗Trop2抗体可以用适当的双官能团修饰试剂修饰。在一些实施方案中,含有巯基(-SH)的基团也可以引入到抗Trop2抗体的氨基酸残基侧链,如赖氨酸侧链。例如,抗Trop2抗体的赖氨酸残基的氨基可以与2-亚氨基硫烷(Traut’s Reagent)或与3-(2-吡啶二硫代)丙酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDP)﹑4-(2-吡啶二硫代)丁酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(DPDB)等反应,随后用还原剂如2-巯基乙醇﹑二硫苏糖醇(DTT)或三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP)还原转化成含巯基基团。在一些实施方案中,抗Trop2抗体可以通过突变产生半胱氨酸,或者可以通过在特定位点引入半胱氨酸而允许适当的偶联。最小的影响抗体的活性,包括亲和力、特异性、ADCC、CDC和免疫原性。比如:在Trop2抗体重链Kabat编号的第114和/或第239和/或轻链Kabat编号的第149和/或205等氨基酸位点进行定点突变引入含巯基(SH)的半胱氨酸(Cysteine),以用于将毒素连接在特定位点,可以在Trop2抗体分子上引入多个半胱氨酸。
可取代赖氨酸残基上侧链氨基的含巯基基团的非限制性实例包括-NHC(=NH)(CH2)nSH和-NHC(O)(CH3)nSH,其中n为1﹑2﹑3﹑4﹑5或6。当含巯基基团引入氨基酸残基,氨基酸残基被指为巯基化氨基酸。例如,当赖氨酸侧链氨基转化成含巯基基团,赖氨酸残基被指为巯基化赖氨酸。抗Trop2抗体上引入的游离巯基个数可以变化,比如在1和大约20之间,或者5到15,以及或者5到12。连接子或药物-连接子可以与抗Trop2抗体上巯基化赖氨酸残基的游离巯基(-SH)成键。在一些实施方案中,与抗Trop2抗体半胱氨酸残基成键的连接子或连接子-药物个数在1和大约10之间。在一些实施方案中,如此成键个数至少是1,或至少为2或3或4或5。在一些实施方案中,如此连接的个数为不超过10,或者不超过9或8或7或6或5或4。在一些实施方案中,每个抗Trop2抗体平均与1到4个药物分子偶联,更具体的来说,平均连接2个药物分子。
在另一实施方案中,药物-连接子可以通过结合到半胱氨酸残基上的巯基偶联到抗Trop2抗体上。每个抗Trop2抗体通常包含许多半胱氨酸,但是它们中很多,如果并非所有,彼此形成二硫键,因此无法用于如此偶联。在一些实施方案中,抗Trop2抗体的一个或一个以上的二硫键通过与还原剂如2-巯基乙醇﹑二硫苏糖醇(DTT)或三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP)反应而断裂形成游离巯基(-SH)。该反应可以跟踪和/或控制以便足够数量的二硫键断裂而能偶联,同时维持足够数量的二硫键而保持抗Trop2抗体的结构稳定性。
在一些实施方案中,药物-连接子和抗Trop2抗体上的半胱氨酸残基之间成键个数为1到10。在一些实施方案中,此类键的个数至少为1,或至少为2或4。在一些实施方案中,如此形成的键的个数不超过10,或者不超过9或8或7或6或5或4。在一些实施方案中,每个抗Trop2抗体通过半胱氨酸平均与2到4个药物分子偶联。
在一些实施方案中,药物分子通过赖氨酸和半胱氨酸混合残基偶联到抗Trop2抗体。
抗Trop2抗体可以通过修饰如在特定位点突变,以便引入额外的巯基化赖氨酸或半胱氨酸残基而允许适当的偶联。氨基酸修饰的方法在行业内是众所周知的。然后可以通过实验检测修饰后的抗Trop2抗体的稳定性和抗原结合能力。在一些实施方案中,修饰过的Trop2抗原结合单元然后可以用实验方法考察其稳定性和其抗原结合性能。在一些实施方案中,至少一个巯基化赖氨酸或半胱氨酸通过如此修饰而引入。在另一实施方案中,至少两个巯基化赖氨酸或半胱氨酸通过如此修饰而引入。在另一实施方案中,抗Trop2抗体的Fc部分被改造,ADCC活性增强。
药物负载
抗Trop2抗体上药物负载可以改变,这取决于很多因素如药物的效力、大小、抗Trop2抗体的稳定性、抗Trop2抗体上可用的能偶联的基团等。在一些实施方案中,1到10个类美登素药物分子和1个Trop2抗原结合单元分子偶联。在一些实施方案中,平均2到4个类美登素药物分子和1个Trop2抗原结合单元分子偶联。在一些实施方案中,平均2.0个类美登素药物分子和1个Trop2抗原结合单元分子偶联。
美登木素生物碱-连接子-抗Trop2抗体的代谢物释放有效药剂
尽管不希望局限于任何理论,可以预期,式Ia到Ic任一项化合物一旦内吞,能被细胞内蛋白酶降解至具有细胞毒的类美登素部分组成的降解产物。在一些实施例中,化合物结构式为IVa、IVb或IVc:
或其盐,其中AA选自,但不局限于:
治疗方法
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种或多种化合物用于制备治疗增殖、炎症或免疫疾病的药物的用途,例如,所述化合物为式Ia-Ic、Id和式IVa-IVc中任一种化合物。
本发明化合物可以配制成药物组合物和适于所选择的给药途径的各种给药形式,即,口服或静脉内、肌内、局部或皮下等肠胃外给药。化合物的量会有所不同,取决于药物连接体的性质、药物负载、细胞表面引起内化作用的程度、药物的转导和释放、治疗的疾病、病人的情况,如年龄、性别、体重等,并可以通过本领域公知的方法来确定,例如,见美国专利4938949,将最终由主治医生或临床医生来决定。
通常,合适的剂量范围是约0.1~200毫克/千克,例如,连续52周中每1-4周每天静脉输注30-90分钟,每千克体重用药量为0.5毫克/千克~50毫克/千克、1.0毫克/千克~25毫克/千克、1.5毫克/千克~15毫克/千克或者1毫克/千克~10毫克/千克。在一些实例中,剂量从约1.0毫克/天~100毫克/天,例如,从约2毫克/天至约5克/天,约10毫克/天至约1克/天,约20~500毫克/天,或在约50~100毫克/天。本发明化合物可以每日、每月用药,例如一天一次,持续用药1-3周或一个月。另一方面,本发明化合物可以周期给药,如先每天给药约5~21天,接下来1~7天不用药,如此,循环给药。
在另一些实施例中,初始给药量为1-4mg/kg静脉输注30-90分钟,接下来的52周里每1-4周静脉输注30分钟以上,给药量为1-2mg/kg。在另一些实施例中,初始给药量为2-10mg/kg静脉输注30-90分钟,接下来的52周里每1-4周静脉输注30-90分钟,给药量为1-5mg/kg。
在一些实施例中,所述化合物与其他疗法联合应用。例如,所述化合物可与另外一种治疗方法一起应用于肿瘤的治疗,例如,放射治疗或本领域中已知的另一种抗癌剂。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了式IVa化合物用于在有需要的患者中治疗增生、炎症或免疫疾病的药物的用途,所述式IVa的化合物是式Ia的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐给药后的代谢产物。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了式IVb化合物用于在有需要的患者中治疗增生、炎症或免疫疾病的药物的用途,所述式IVb的化合物是式Ib的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐给药后的代谢产物。
在一些实施例中,本发明提供了式IVc化合物用于在有需要的患者中治疗增生、炎症或免疫疾病的药物的用途,所述式IVc的化合物是式Ic的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐给药后的代谢产物。
所述代谢化学反应是指身体内部(如,细胞、机体)发生的反应,一种化学物质转化为另一种化学物质。该转化可以通过代谢和/或化学过程,并且可以发生在一个步骤中,或通过两个或多个步骤。代谢的化学反应包括美登木素生物碱连接子和抗Trop2抗体的偶联物中蛋白质或肽成分的降解反应。
药物组合物
本发明提供了一些药物组合物,包括如本文所述的一种或多种组合物,例如,式Ia-Ic的任一种化合物的组合物,及其一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。所述组合物应包含至少0.1%的活性化合物。组合物的百分比可以改变,可能是一个给定的单位剂量组成的重量的2~90%。所述治疗效用的组合物中的活性化合物的量需要达到有效剂量水平。
适合于注射或输液的组合物可以包括药学上可接受的液体载体或赋形剂,如无菌水溶液或分散液,或适于临时配制成无菌注射或难溶溶剂,任选地包封在脂质体中的溶液或分散液含有活性成分的无菌粉末。药物组合物的其他形式包括外用制剂,如凝胶、软膏、霜剂、洗剂或贴剂等。所述药物组合物,除本文中提到的以外,还包括本领域公知、药学上可接受的载体;例如,雷明顿,药剂科学和实践,第20版,2000年,利平科特·威廉斯&威尔金斯,(Editors:Gennaro,A.R.,et al.)。
在另一个实施例中,本发明提供了一种制备药物组合物的方法,其特征在于:包括所述化合物的混合物,例如,式Ia-IVc中任一项的化合物及其药学上可接受的载体。混合的活性成分与药学上可接受的载体的方法在本领域中是公知技术,例如,将活性化合物与液体或细碎的固体载体或两者按规定比例均匀混合,然后,如果有必要,将所得混合物做成所需的形状。
在一些实施例中,式Ia-IVc中任一种化合物制备成注射剂,例如,在药物浓度为2-50mg/ml的水溶液中含有4-10mg/ml的氯化钠和/或5-12mg/ml的醋酸钠,或者在药物浓度为2-50mg/ml的水溶液中含有5-10mg/ml的氯化钠、1-5mg/ml的磷酸氢二钠七水合物、0.1-0.5mg/ml的磷酸二氢钠一水合物。
在另一些实施例中,式Ia-IVc中任一种化合物制备成注射剂,例如,在药物浓度为2-100mg/ml的水溶液中含有0.5-1.0%mg/ml的氯化钠、0.05-0.10%的磷酸二氢钠二水合物、1.0-2.0%的磷酸氢二钠二水合物、0.01-0.05%的柠檬酸钠、0.10-0.20%的柠檬酸一水合物、1.0-2.0%的甘露醇、0.1%-0.2的聚山梨酯80和注射用水(参见USP标准),氢氧化钠调节pH值。
方法
本发明的化合物可以由容易得到的起始物用如下常规方法和操作加以制备。其中给定的典型或优选方法条件(如反应温度﹑时间﹑反应物摩尔比﹑溶剂﹑压力等),除非另有说明,可以理解为其它方法条件也可以使用。最佳反应条件可能随所用的特定反应物或溶剂而变化,但是这些条件可由熟悉该技术领域的科技人员用常规优化程序确定。
此外,显而易见,对熟悉该技术领域的科技人员,常规的保护基对避免某些官能团参与不想要的反应可能是必要的。各种官能团的合适保护基以及特定官能团保护和去保护合适条件为该技术领域的科技人员众所周知。例如由Greene,T.W.和Wuts,G.M.,《有机合成中的保护基团》(Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis),第三版,1999,Wiley,NewYork中所述的很多保护基及其中所引用的参考文献。
此外,本发明的化合物可能包含一个或一个以上手性中心。因此,若需要,此类化合物可以制备或分离得到纯立体异构体,即为单个对映异构体或非对映异构体或为立体异构体富集的混合物。除非另有特别说明,所有这些立体异构体(及其富集的混合物)都包含在本发明的范围之内。纯的立体异构体(或其富集混合物)可以使用如本技术领域熟知的光学活性起始物或立体选择性试剂加以制备。或者,此类外消旋混合物也可使用如手性柱色谱,手性差分试剂等加以分离。
下述反应的起始物质通常为已知化合物或者可以通过已知步骤或通过其明显的修改方案进行制备。例如,很多起始物可从供货商如Aldrich Chemical Co.(Milwaukee,Wisconsin,USA)﹑Bachem(Torrance,California,USA)﹑Emka-Chemce或Sigma(St.Louis,Missouri,USA)买到。其它起始物可以通过标准参考书如Fieser and Fieser's Reagentsfor Organic Synthesis,1-15卷(John Wiley and Sons)(1991)﹑Rodd's Chemistry ofCarbon Compounds,1-5卷及补卷(Elsevier Science Publishers)(1989)﹑OrganicReactions,1-40卷(John Wiley and Sons)(1991)﹑March's Advanced OrganicChemistry,第四版(John Wiley and Sons)﹑及Larock's Comprehensive OrganicTransformations(VCH Publishers Inc.)(1989)所述的步骤或其明显的修改方案进行制备。
于此所述的各种起始物﹑中间体和化合物(包括立体异构体)可以用适当的常规技术如沉淀﹑过滤﹑结晶﹑蒸发﹑蒸馏和色谱分离和纯化。这些化合物可以通过常规方法如熔点﹑质谱﹑核磁共振和各种其它光谱分析方法加以鉴定。
偶合试剂包括基于碳二亚胺﹑銨盐和鏻盐试剂。碳二亚胺型试剂包括碳二亚胺如N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)﹑N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)和1-乙基-3-(3’-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)等。銨盐包括N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基)六氟磷酸脲(HATU)﹑N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(苯并三氮唑-1-基)六氟磷酸脲(HBTU)﹑N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(6-氯苯并三氮唑-1-基)六氟磷酸脲(HCTU)﹑N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(苯并三氮唑-1-基)四氟硼酸脲(TBTU)﹑N,N,N',N'-四甲基-O-(6-氯苯并三氮唑-1-基)四氟硼酸脲(TCTU)。鏻盐包括7-氮杂苯并三氮唑-1-基-氧基三(吡咯烷基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐(PyAOP)和苯并三氮唑-1-基-氧基三(吡咯烷基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐(PyBOP)。酰胺形成步骤可以在极性溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中进行并且也可包含有机碱如二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)或二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)。
例如,式Ia或Ib的化合物可以通过分别将式A或B的化合物(其中变量如本文所定义)与抗体在合适的溶剂如缓冲液中接触来制备。
下面实施例进一步阐述本发明的某些方面和帮助熟悉该技术领域的科技人员实行本发明。这些实施例绝不是被认为限制本发明的范围。
实施例1美登醇(MDC)与Fmoc-N-甲基-L-丙氨酸的酯化反应(合成Fmoc-N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC)
称取美登醇(0.600g,1.062mmol),Fmoc-N-甲基-L-丙氨酸(6.911g,21.24mmol),三氟甲磺酸钪(0.314g,0.637mmol)和DMAP(0.389g,3.186mmol)置于250毫升Schlenck瓶,氮气保护下加入二氯甲烷(100mL),在-8℃搅拌0.5小时。逐滴加入DIC(2.949g,23.37mmol),继续在-8℃搅拌反应0.5h,慢慢升温至室温,过滤回收催化剂,滤液用稀盐酸淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂。柱层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2/MeOH 30:1)得到非对映异构体混合物Fmoc-N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC,白色固体(0.8385g,产率90.5%)。进一步柱层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2/MeOH 100:1到20:1)得到两个纯的非对映异构体组分。Rf较大的组分确定是D-氨酰基酯非对映异构体(Fmoc-N-Me-D-Ala-MDC),Rf较小的组分确定是L-氨酰基酯非对映异构体(Fmoc-N-Me-L-Ala-MDC)。Fmoc-N-Me-L-Ala-MDC:白色固体(0.4262g,产率46.0%),1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.77(3H,s),1.22-1.32(6H,m),1.40-1.48(1H,m),1.63(3H,s),2.13(1H,dd,J=14.4,2.8Hz),2.53(1H,dd,J=14.4,10.8Hz),2.64(3H,s),2.88(3H,s),3.00(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),3.07(1H,d,J=12.4Hz),3.35(3H,s),3.48(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),3.59(1H,d,J=11.2Hz),3.97(3H,s),4.13-4.19(1H,m),4.15(1H,s),4.24(1H,t,J=10.8Hz),4.72-4.77(2H,m),5.03(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),5.65(1H,dd,J=15.2,9.2Hz),6.29(1H,br),6.41(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2Hz),6.52(1H,d,J=1.2Hz),6.70(1H,d,J=10.8Hz),6.79(1H,d,J=1.2Hz),7.33(1H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.36(1H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.39(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),7.49(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),7.70(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),7.72(1H,d,J=7.6Hz)。LC-MS(M+Na+)计算值:894.3,实测值:894.3。Fmoc-N-Me-D-Ala-MDC:白色固体(0.3993g,产率43.1%),1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.84(3H,s),1.22-1.27(3H,m),1.40-1.48(1H,m),1.51(3H,d,J=7.6Hz),1.67(3H,s),2.20(1H,dd,J=14.4,2.8Hz),2.63(1H,dd,J=14.4,12.4Hz),2.85(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),2.96(3H,s),3.17(3H,s),3.20(1H,s),3.24(3H,s),3.40(1H,d,J=9.2Hz),3.51(1H,d,J=12.8Hz),3.99(3H,s),4.20-4.28(2H,m),4.38-4.43(2H,m),4.80-4.98(2H,m),5.80(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2Hz),6.18(1H,s),6.25(1H,d,J=10.8Hz),6.40(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2Hz),6.79(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),6.84(1H,d,J=1.6Hz),7.32(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.41(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),7.61(2H,d,J=7.6Hz),7.77(2H,d,J=7.6Hz)。LC-MS(M+Na+)计算值:894.3,实测值:894.3。
实施例2去保护Fmoc-N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC(合成N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC)
Fmoc-N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC(0.463g,0.5307mmol)溶在乙腈(200mL),加入哌啶(0.865g,10.15mmol),室温搅拌4小时,加水淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂,干燥得粗品。不需进一步纯化用于下步反应。LC-MS(M+H+)计算值:650.3,实测值:650.3。Rt:3.96min。
实施例3去保护Fmoc-N-Me-L-Ala-MDC(合成N-Me-L-Ala-MDC)
Fmoc-N-Me-L-Ala-MDC(0.463g,0.5307mmol)溶在乙腈(200mL),加入哌啶(0.865g,10.15mmol),室温搅拌4小时,加水淬灭,二氯甲烷萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂,干燥得粗品。不需进一步纯化用于下步反应。LC-MS(M+H+)计算值:650.3,实测值:650.3。Rt:3.96min。
实施例4 N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC与6-马来酰亚胺基己酸(MA-ACP)缩合(合成D-3AA-MDC和L-3AA-MDC)
将上步制备的粗品N-Me-D/L-Ala-MDC(0.5307mmol)以及MA-ACP(0.448g,2.123mmol)溶于DMF(25mL),冰水浴冷却,加入EDC(0.407g,2.123mmol)。反应混合物室温搅拌过夜,加水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂。柱层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2/MeOH 30:1)得到粗品。制备HPLC(YMC C-18柱,250x20mm,S 10μm)进一步纯化得纯的两个非对映异构体(Rt=6.59min和6.98min)。Rt较大的组分确定是D-氨酰基酯非对映异构体(D-3AA-MDC,45.2%),Rt较小的组分确定是L-氨酰基酯非对映异构体(L-3AA-MDC,54.8%)。L-3AA-MDC:白色固体(0.1364g,两步总产率30.5%),1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.79(3H,s),1.17-1.32(3H,m),1.27(3H,s),1.29(3H,s),1.40-1.76(7H,m),2.12-2.23(2H,m),2.31-2.45(1H,m),2.59(1H,t,J=12.8Hz),2.82(3H,s),3.01(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),3.10(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),3.17(3H,s),3.34(3H,s),3.42(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.48(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),3.62(1H,d,J=12.8Hz),3.97(3H,s),4.27(1H,t,J=11.2Hz),4.76(1H,d,J=11.6Hz),5.36(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),5.65(1H,dd,J=15.2,9.2Hz),6.25(1H,s),6.41(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2Hz),6.64(1H,s),6.65(2H,s),6.72(1H,d,J=11.2Hz),6.82(1H,s)。LC-MS(M+Na+)计算值:865.3,实测值:865.3。Rt:6.59min。D-3AA-MDC:白色固体(0.1128g,两步总产率25.2%),1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.86(3H,s),1.22-1.38(4H,m),1.25(3H,d,J=9.2Hz),1.38-1.45(1H,m),1.48(3H,d,J=7.6Hz),1.56-1.70(4H,m),1.68(3H,s),1.75(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),2.19(1H,dd,J=14.4,2.8Hz),2.28-2.36(2H,m),2.65(1H,dd,J=14.2,12.0Hz),2.80(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),3.01(3H,s),3.19(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),3.32(3H,s),3.42(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),3.47-3.54(3H,m),3.98(3H,s),4.29(1H,t,J=10.4Hz),4.88(1H,dd,J=11.8,3.2Hz),5.07(1H,q,J=7.6Hz),5.84(1H,dd,J=15.2,9.2Hz),6.23(1H,d,J=11.2Hz),6.27(1H,s),6.41(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2Hz),6.69(2H,s),6.79(1H,d,J=1.2Hz),6.84(1H,d,J=1.2Hz)。LC-MS(M+Na+)计算值:865.3,实测值:865.3。Rt:6.98min。
实施例5 N-Me-L-Ala-MDC与MA-ACP缩合(合成L-3AA-MDC)
将上步制备的粗品N-Me-L-Ala-MDC(0.5307mmol)以及MA-ACP(0.448g,2.123mmol)溶于DMF(25mL),冰水浴冷却,加入EDC(0.407g,2.123mmol)。反应混合物室温搅拌过夜,加水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂。柱层析(硅胶,CH2Cl2/MeOH 30:1)得到预期的产品L-3AA-MDC:白色固体(0.280g,两步总产率62.6%)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ0.79(3H,s),1.17-1.32(3H,m),1.27(3H,s),1.29(3H,s),1.40-1.76(7H,m),2.12-2.23(2H,m),2.31-2.45(1H,m),2.59(1H,t,J=12.8Hz),2.82(3H,s),3.01(1H,d,J=9.6Hz),3.10(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),3.17(3H,s),3.34(3H,s),3.42(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.48(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),3.62(1H,d,J=12.8Hz),3.97(3H,s),4.27(1H,t,J=11.2Hz),4.76(1H,d,J=11.6Hz),5.36(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),5.65(1H,dd,J=15.2,9.2Hz),6.25(1H,s),6.41(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2Hz),6.64(1H,s),6.65(2H,s),6.72(1H,d,J=11.2Hz),6.82(1H,s)。LC-MS(M+Na+)计算值:865.3,实测值:865.3。Rt:6.59min。
实施例6重组抗体表达和纯化
参照Wood et al.,J Immunol.145:3011(1990)等的方法,抗Trop2特异性的单克隆抗体在CHO细胞产生。含抗体基因的表达载体分别用常规的分子生物学方法构建,其中BAT0806抗体轻重链核苷酸序列分别见SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2。抗体BAT0807和BAT0808轻重链核苷酸序列分别见SEQ ID NO:3和SEQ ID NO:4。CHO-BAT(CHO-BAT细胞是CHO-K1(ATCC#CCL-61)细胞株驯化筛选而成的适应悬浮生长的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)高产稳定细胞系的构建过程简单描述如下:宿主细胞悬浮生长于CD-CHO培养基(GibcoTM CD CHOAGTTM,货号:12490025),取处于对数生长期的宿主细胞离心,重悬于新鲜的CD-CHO培养基,计数并调节细胞密度到1.43×107个/毫升,取600μl上述细胞悬液加入电击杯,然后加入已线性化的质粒40μg,用移液枪吸打使细胞与质粒混合均匀,其中BAT0806抗体轻重链核苷酸序列含有SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2。抗体BAT0807轻重链核苷酸序列含有SEQ ID NO:3和SEQ ID NO:4。BAT0808抗体是含有SEQ ID 3和SEQ ID4的表达载体以敲除α-(1,6)-岩藻糖基转移酶的细胞系(CHO-BAT-KF)为宿主细胞表达产生的抗体,特征在于增强的ADCC功能。细胞株的建立可以简单描述如下:用Bio-rad电转仪电击转化,仪器参数设定为:电容:960μFD,电压:300V。通常电击时间为15-20毫秒为正常。把电击后的细胞立即重悬于37℃预热的CD-CHO培养基(GIBCO),每孔100μl分装于96孔板,2-3天后加入等量的筛选培养基。测定96孔板细胞培养上清来测定抗体的表达水平。表达水平较高的克隆从96孔板转移到24孔板,待细胞生长到一定数量,把细胞转入6孔板,培养2-4天,使每孔5ml培养基含2×105个细胞,测定细胞的抗体产量和产率。通常20-30个克隆被转到摇瓶做进一步评价。最后5-8个表达量最高的克隆进行亚克隆和进一步的表达检测。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供抗Trop2抗体可以是BAT0806,包括如SEQ ID:1所示的轻链序列和包括如SEQ ID NO:2所示的重链序列。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明提供的抗Trop2抗体可以是BAT0807或BAT0808,包括如SEQ ID:3所示的轻链序列和包括如SEQ ID NO:4所示的重链序列,或其他等同抗体及抗原结合单位。
收获料液,通过低速离心使细胞和培养基分离,把离心上清高速离心进一步澄清。用蛋白A亲和纯化和离子交换纯化,使用的介质分别是GE公司生产的Mab Select SuRe和Capto S。
实施例7抗Trop2抗体BAT0806与3AA-MDC的偶联
将抗Trop2抗体(抗滋养层细胞表面蛋白受体的抗体)BAT0806用溶液A(20mM磷酸钠,100mM NaCl和2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)稀释至8.0mg/mL,然后用TCEP(3.2摩尔当量)还原。在37℃孵育60分钟后,用溶液B(10mM琥珀酸,2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)超滤浓缩换液。巯基抗体值通过测定吸光度确定,通过巯基与DTNB(5,5'-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸),Aldrich公司)的反应物,然后测定412nm处的吸收值来确定巯基的浓度。
偶联反应时DMA的浓度为10%-30%。3AA-MDC(3AA-MDC)按实例4、5方法制备。3AA-MDC与巯基数的比率为1-2:1(摩尔当量)。将3AA-MDC加入已还原的抗体中,室温搅拌0.5-3小时后,加入5mM半胱氨酸继续搅拌0.5-2小时。反应混合物经阳离子交换柱纯化,产品经超滤浓缩换液后用0.22微米的滤器过滤,-80℃保存。Batansine-0806可以通过紫外吸收测得浓度,通过尺寸排阻色谱测定聚集率,通过反向高效液相色谱法测定偶联药物比率。本发明所用的所有单克隆抗体和ADCs均为超过98%的单体蛋白。
实施例8抗Trop2抗体BAT0806与CL2A-SN-38的偶联
将抗Trop2抗体(抗滋养层细胞表面蛋白受体的抗体)BAT0806用溶液A(20mM磷酸钠,100mM NaCl和2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)稀释至8.0mg/mL,然后用TCEP(3.2摩尔当量)还原。在37℃孵育60分钟后,用溶液B(10mM琥珀酸,2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)超滤浓缩换液。巯基抗体值通过测定吸光度确定,通过巯基与DTNB(5,5'-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸),Aldrich公司)的反应物,然后测定412nm处的吸收值来确定巯基的浓度。
偶联反应时DMSO的浓度为10%-30%。CL2A-SN-38与巯基数的比率为1-2:1(摩尔当量)。将CL2A-SN-38加入已还原的抗体中,室温搅拌3小时后,加入5mM半胱氨酸继续搅拌0.5-3小时。反应混合物经阳离子交换柱纯化,产品经超滤浓缩换液后用0.22微米的滤器过滤,-80℃保存。BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38可以通过紫外吸收测得浓度,通过尺寸排阻色谱测定聚集率,通过反向高效液相色谱法测定偶联药物比率。本发明所用的所有单克隆抗体和ADCs均为超过98%的单体蛋白。
实施例9抗Trop2抗体BAT0807与3AA-MDC的偶联
将抗Trop2抗体(抗滋养层细胞表面蛋白受体的抗体)BAT0807用溶液A(20mM磷酸钠,100mM NaCl和2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)稀释至8.0mg/mL,然后用过量的TCEP完全还原。在37℃孵育一小时以上,用溶液B(10mM琥珀酸,2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)超滤浓缩换液。巯基抗体值通过测定吸光度确定,通过巯基与DTNB(5,5'-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸),Aldrich公司)的反应物,然后测定412nm处的吸收值来确定巯基的浓度。随后,使用过量的硫酸铜(CuSO4)或脱氢抗坏血酸(dHAA)进行氧化,抗体链间二硫键重新连接,而突变位点的半胱氨酸则被保留下来。
偶联反应时DMA的浓度为10%-30%。3AA-MDC(3AA-MDC)按实例4、5方法制备。3AA-MDC与巯基数的比率为1-2:1.0(摩尔当量)。将3AA-MDC加入已还原的抗体中,室温搅拌3小时后,加入5mM半胱氨酸继续搅拌0.5-3小时。反应混合物经阳离子交换柱纯化,产品经超滤浓缩换液后用0.22微米的滤器过滤,-80℃保存。Batansine-0807可以通过紫外吸收测得浓度,通过尺寸排阻色谱测定聚集率,通过反向高效液相色谱法测定偶联药物比率。本发明所用的所有单克隆抗体和ADCs均为超过98%的单体蛋白。
实施例10抗Trop2抗体BAT0808与3AA-MDC的偶联
将抗Trop2抗体(抗滋养层细胞表面蛋白受体的抗体)BAT0808用溶液A(20mM磷酸钠,100mM NaCl和2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)稀释至8.0mg/mL,然后用过量的TCEP完全还原。在37℃孵育一小时以上,用溶液B(10mM琥珀酸,2mM EDTA,pH为7.4)超滤浓缩换液。巯基抗体值通过测定吸光度确定,通过巯基与DTNB(5,5'-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸),Aldrich公司)的反应物,然后测定412nm处的吸收值来确定巯基的浓度。随后,使用过量的硫酸铜(CuSO4)或脱氢抗坏血酸(dHAA)进行氧化,抗体链间二硫键重新连接,而突变位点的半胱氨酸则被保留下来。
偶联反应时DMA的浓度为10%-30%。3AA-MDC(3AA-MDC)按实例4、5方法制备。3AA-MDC与巯基数的比率为1-2:1.0(摩尔当量)。将3AA-MDC加入已还原的抗体中,室温搅拌3小时后,加入5mM半胱氨酸继续搅拌0.5-3小时。反应混合物经阳离子交换柱纯化,产品经超滤浓缩换液后用0.22微米的滤器过滤,-80℃保存。Batansine-0808可以通过紫外吸收测得浓度,通过尺寸排阻色谱测定聚集率,通过反向高效液相色谱法测定偶联药物比率。本发明所用的所有单克隆抗体和ADCs均为超过98%的单体蛋白。
实施例11 Batansine-0806偶联物的抗细胞增殖抑制活性
Batansine-0806对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制特性是使用Trop2阳性的MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞来评价的。简言之,MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞用0.25%(体积/体积)的胰蛋白酶消化,使细胞剥离,然后重悬于完全培养基,8000/孔的N87细胞以及5000/孔的MDA-MB-468和A431细胞分别接种于不同96孔板,每孔100μL培养基,37℃过夜贴壁生长,然后加入100μL含有不同浓度的Batansine-0806的培养基。72小时后,用PBS(pH 7.5)洗板两次,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂进行相对细胞增殖分析。如图7、8、9和10A中所示,抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0806显著抑制了Trop2阳性细胞系MDA-MB-468,A431和N87的细胞增殖,EC50分别为3.21nM,0.53nM和0.34nM,与此同时,裸抗BAT0806对MDA-MB-468没有任何的增殖抑制作用。。
实施例12 Batansine-0807偶联物的抗细胞增殖抑制活性
Batansine-0807对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制特性是使用Trop2阳性的MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞来评价的。简言之,MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞用0.25%(体积/体积)的胰蛋白酶消化,使细胞剥离,然后重悬于完全培养基,8000/孔的N87细胞以及5000/孔的MDA-MB-468和A431细胞分别接种于不同96孔板,每孔100μL培养基,37℃过夜贴壁生长,然后加入100μL含有不同浓度的Batansine-0807的培养基。72小时后,用PBS(pH 7.5)洗板两次,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂进行相对细胞增殖分析。如图7、8和9所示,抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0807显著抑制了Trop2阳性细胞系MDA-MB-468,A431和N87的细胞增殖,EC50分别为2.89nM、1.73nM和0.77nM。
实施例13 Batansine-0808偶联物的抗细胞增殖抑制活性
Batansine-0808对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制特性是使用Trop2阳性的MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞来评价的。简言之,MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞用0.25%(体积/体积)的胰蛋白酶消化,使细胞剥离,然后重悬于完全培养基,8000/孔的N87细胞以及5000/孔的MDA-MB-468和A431细胞分别接种于不同96孔板,每孔100μL培养基,37℃过夜贴壁生长,然后加入100μL含有不同浓度的Batansine-0808的培养基。72小时后,用PBS(pH 7.5)洗板两次,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂进行相对细胞增殖分析。如图7、8、9和10B所示,抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0808显著抑制了Trop2阳性细胞系MDA-MB-468,A431和N87的细胞增殖,EC50分别为5.61nM、1.53nM和1.47nM。与此同时裸抗BAT0808对MDA-MB-468没有显著的增殖抑制作用。
实施例14抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38的增殖抑制作用的比较
对抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38的增殖抑制作用的比较是在不同的Trop2阳性细胞系MDA-MB-468、N87和A431中进行的。简言之,MDA-MB-468、A431和N87细胞用0.25%(体积/体积)的胰蛋白酶消化,使细胞剥离,然后重悬于完全培养基,8000/孔的N87细胞以及5000/孔的MDA-MB-468和A431细胞分别接种于不同96孔板,每孔100μL培养基,37℃过夜生长,然后加入100μL含有不同浓度的Batansine-0808的培养基。72小时后,用PBS(pH 7.4)洗板,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂进行相对细胞增殖分析。如图11A、11B、和11C所示,Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对Trop2阳性细胞的增值抑制的EC50值在相似的水平。
实施例15 Batansine-0808偶联物ADCC增强特性
Batansine-0808抗体偶联物ADCC增强实验通过对Trop2表达阳性的人皮肤鳞癌细胞(A431)的增殖抑制效果来评价的。将靶细胞(A431)用含2%FBS的DMEM-F12培养基重悬,调整细胞浓度为1×10^5个/ml,在圆底透明的96孔板中,每孔中加入50ul细胞混悬液(即每孔含5000细胞);待测抗体用含有2%FBS的DMEM-F12培养基稀释(起始浓度8μg/ml,以1/5倍稀释倍数依次稀释,每个浓度设2个复孔,共设立8个梯度,ADC的终浓度分别为2、0.4、0.08、0.016、0.0032、0.00064、0.000128、0μg/ml);每个浓度梯度的抗体都以50μl/孔加入到铺有细胞的96孔板中,然后在37℃、5%CO2的培养箱中培养30min;取PBMC细胞,800转离心5分钟弃上清。加入含有2%FBS的DMEM-F12培养基同上离心洗两次,计数,上述培养基调整细胞密度为2×10^5cells/ml;按PBMC与靶细胞的比例为10:1或5:1加入铺好靶细胞的96孔板中,每孔100μl;37℃、5%CO2培养箱继续培养72h后,用PBS(pH 7.5)洗板两次,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂进行相对细胞增殖分析。由图12可知,在相同条件下,与Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807或BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38相比,ADCC增强的Batansine-0808在较低的浓度下就能显著抑制Trop2阳性A431细胞的增殖。
应用了几种不同的细胞来验证三种不同抗Trop2抗体药物偶联物的细胞杀伤功能,惊讶地发现,不同的抗体修饰及不同的药物偶联方式会显著影响这些抗Trop2抗体药物偶联物对肿瘤细胞的敏感性。例如,若只考察这些抗体药物偶联物的细胞增殖抑制活性,传统偶联的Batansine-0806效果要优于定点偶联的Batansine-0807和Batansine-0808,细胞增殖抑制效果约为后者的2-5倍;而让人惊奇的是,若协同ADCC效果一起考察发现,ADCC增强的Batansine-0808的增殖抑制活性是Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807或BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38的5到10倍(如下表所示)。
a:PBMC cell:Target cell
实施例16抗体偶联药物Batansine-0808 and BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对人正常肝细胞系LO2的毒性作用
抗体药物偶联物Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对Trop2阴性细胞的毒性作用是在人正常肝细胞系LO2上进行评价的。简言之,LO2细胞用0.25%(体积/体积)的胰蛋白酶消化,使细胞剥离,然后重悬于完全培养基,5000/孔细胞分别接种于不同96孔板,每孔100μL培养基,37℃过夜生长,然后加入100μL含有不同浓度的Batansine-0808的培养基。72小时后,用PBS(pH 7.4)洗板两次,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)试剂进行相对细胞增殖分析。如图13所示,抗体药物偶联物BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38的EC50值要远低于Batansine-0808(32.74nM VS 511.3nM),这预示着BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38至少在该细胞系中毒性作用远强于Batansine-0808。
实施例17 Batansine-0806、Batansine-0807和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38抗体偶联物抗三阴乳腺癌特性
Batansine-0806的抗乳腺癌特性是通过对Trop2表达阳性的人MDA-MB-468肿瘤细胞在裸鼠体内的生长抑制效果来评价的。简单描述如下:MDA-MB-468细胞(中国科学院上海细胞库)生长于含10%的胎牛血清和添有2mM谷氨酰胺的1640培养基。收集MDA-MB-468细胞重悬于PBS,使100μl体积含有5×10^7细胞,取8-9周龄的雌性裸鼠,在其右腋注射200μl上述细胞悬液。当肿瘤体积达到150-200mm3时开始分组给药,每组8只。Batansine-0806按每公斤体重5mg、15mg,Batansine-0807和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38按每公斤体重1mg、5mg的剂量,按QW*4(PG-D0,7,14and 21)总共给药4次。给药方式是静脉注射,注射体积为每次10μl/g。肿瘤体积每周测定两次。第一次给药49天后测定肿瘤体积大小,动物被立即以无痛至死。早在第25天时,就能观察到Batansine-0806(5或15mg/Kg)和Batansine-0807(5mg/Kg)的肿瘤在快速减小。在同等剂量(5mg/kg)下,Batansine-0806和Batansine-0807抑制肿瘤的效果要显著优于BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38;此外,相比于体外Batansine-0807的增殖抑制活性弱于Batansine-0806,定点偶联的Batansine-0807体内抑瘤效果与Batansine-0806相当(图14A和14B)。
实施例18 Batansine-0808和BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38对MDA-MB-468移植瘤的杀伤作用
抗Trop2的抗体药物偶联物对肿瘤生长的抑制作用的评估是在人MDA-MB-468移植瘤模型上进行的。简言之,用含10%FBS和2nM的谷氨酰胺的RPMI1640培养基培养人MDA-MB-468(中国科学院上海细胞库)。收取细胞并在PBS中悬浮,并将浓度调整到每100uL/5×107个细胞。在雌性BALB/c裸鼠右侧腋皮下注射200uL的肿瘤细胞。当肿瘤的体积生长到150-200mm3时(计算方式为0.5×(长×宽2)),对动物进行随机分组。随后对动物进行Batansine-0808(5,15或25mg/kg,i.v)或BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38(15或25mg/kg,i.v)给药。动物给药每周一次,每次给药10uL/g,共给药4次。每组包括8只小鼠,每周对肿瘤体积进行两次检测。在第一次给药的第28天,将动物安乐死并取出肿瘤称重。如图15A和15B所示,在所有Batansine-0808(5或15mg/kg)或BAT0806-CL2A-SN-38(15 or 25mg/kg,i.v)组中从第一次给药开始,都可见肿瘤的快速萎缩,当实验结束后所有给药组的肿瘤体积都基本相同。
实施例19 Batansine-0808对人MX-1移植瘤模型的杀伤作用
我们在人MX-1移植瘤模型上对抗Trop2的抗体药物偶联物对肿瘤生长的抑制作用进行了评估。简言之,用含10%FBS和2nM的谷氨酰胺的RPMI1640培养基培养人MDA-MB-468(中国科学院上海细胞库)。收取细胞并在PBS中悬浮,并将浓度调整到每100uL/5×107个细胞。在雌性BALB/c裸鼠右侧腋皮下注射200uL的肿瘤细胞。当肿瘤的体积生长到150-200mm3时(计算方式为0.5×(长×宽2)),对动物进行随机分组。随后对动物进行Batansine-0808(25mg/kg,i.v)或安慰剂给药。动物给药每周一次,每次给药10uL/g,共给药4次。每组包括6只小鼠,每周对肿瘤体积进行两次检测。给药在第28天后结束并继续观察至第42天。如图16所示,在第26天Batansine-0808组可见肿瘤体积快速下降,第42天该组所有动物肿瘤都最终消失。
序列表
<110> 百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司
<120> Trop2阳性疾病治疗的化合物及方法
<150> 201710687161.6
<151> 2017-08-11
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
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Claims (7)
1.式Ib的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,
其中
X为氢或卤素;
Y选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C3-C6环烷基和-C(=O)R5;
R1选自H、-OH、-OC(=O)R5和-OR5基团;
R2为H或C1-C6烷基;
R3为甲基﹑-CH2OH或-CH2OC(=O)R6;
R4为-OH或–SH;
R5为C1-C6烷基或苄基;
R6为C1-C6烷基、苯基或苄基;
R7为氢、C1-C6烷基或氨基酸侧链;
R8为氢或者C1-C6烷基;
p选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9以及10;
“Anti-Trop2”为抗Trop2抗体;
所述抗Trop2抗体为BAT0807或BAT0808;
所述BAT0807的轻链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示,所述BAT0807的重链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示;所述BAT0807的氨基酸序列表达于CHO-BAT细胞中,所述CHO-BAT细胞为中华仓鼠卵巢细胞系CHO-K1驯化后适应悬浮生长而来;
所述BAT0808的轻链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示,所述BAT0808的重链的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:4所示;所述BAT0808的氨基酸序列表达于CHO-BAT-KF细胞中,所述CHO-BAT-KF细胞的保藏号为CCTCC NO:C2017127。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述p选自2、3、4、5或6。
4.根据权利要求3所述的化合物,其特征在于,所述p选自2。
5.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-4中任一项的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
6.权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物或权利要求5所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗Trop2阳性的增殖性、炎症性或免疫性疾病或病症的药物中的应用。
7.权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物或权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述化合物或药物组合物还包括第二或第三抗体。
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