CN111085919A

CN111085919A - Ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for optical free-form surface

Info

Publication number: CN111085919A
Application number: CN202010008995.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李奇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-01-06
Filing date: 2020-01-06
Publication date: 2020-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-06
Also published as: CN111085919B

Abstract

An ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for an optical free-form surface belongs to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing, optical free-form surface manufacturing and ultra-precise machining. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for the optical free-form surface comprises X-axis guide mechanisms, Y-axis guide mechanisms, Z-axis guide mechanisms, on-line detection mechanical arms, a 3D printing module of a gravity balance device and a workbench, a milling module, a grinding module and a polishing module, wherein the 3D printing module further comprises two printing heads with rotary degrees of freedom, the milling module further comprises a milling cutter tool magazine and a milling cutter replacement mechanical arm, the grinding module further comprises a grinding wheel tool magazine, a grinding wheel polisher and a grinding wheel replacement polishing mechanical arm, and the polishing module further comprises an air bag tool magazine, an air bag device, an ultrasonic sprayer polishing mechanical arm and an air bag replacement polishing mechanical arm. The optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system is novel in structure and convenient to operate, and can achieve high-quality and high-efficiency ultra-precise machining of a complex optical free-form surface.

Description

Ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for optical free-form surface

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent manufacturing, optical free-form surface manufacturing and ultra-precision machining, in particular to an optical free-form surface ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system.

Background

The flexible manufacturing system is an automatic manufacturing system consisting of numerical control processing equipment, a material transporting and storing device, a computer control system and the like, can automatically control, automatically diagnose and process the processing process of part products, automatically acquire and process manufacturing information, can automatically control and manage the transporting and storing processes of the part products, cutters, tools and the like, and is suitable for multi-variety, medium-small batch production. By compiling different automatic processing technologies, the flexible manufacturing system can flexibly process various parts with the same part characteristics.

The existing processing device has single function, can only manufacture in a discrete mode, needs more equipment during actual processing, occupies larger factory area, increases production cost, needs secondary clamping when needing to carry out various processing technologies, leads to processing precision and efficiency reduction, and has the defects that the existing processing device is mostly in a cantilever type structure and has insufficient rigidity and the suspended part gravity causes the reduction of Z-axis guiding precision.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for an optical free-form surface, which is novel in structure and convenient to operate, and can realize high-quality and high-efficiency ultra-precise machining of a complex optical free-form surface.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system comprises a 3D printing module, a milling module, a grinding module and a polishing module which are sequentially arranged;

the 3D printing module comprises a first X-axis guide mechanism, a first Y-axis guide mechanism, a first Z-axis guide mechanism, a printing head with two rotation degrees of freedom, a first online detection mechanical arm and a first gravity balance device; the top of the first Y-axis guide mechanism is provided with a first X-axis guide mechanism, the top of the first X-axis guide mechanism is provided with a 3D printing workbench, a zero point positioning system is arranged on the 3D printing workbench, a workpiece clamp is arranged on the zero point positioning system, and a substrate is arranged on the workpiece clamp; the Z-axis guide mechanism I comprises a Z-axis upright post I, a Z-axis guide rail slide block I, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism I and a Z-axis lifting plate I; the first gravity balance device is connected with the first Z-axis lifting plate, and the bottom of the first Z-axis lifting plate is connected with printing heads with two rotation degrees of freedom through printing head connecting flanges;

the milling module comprises an X-axis guide mechanism II, a Y-axis guide mechanism II, a Z-axis guide mechanism II, a milling cutter tool magazine, an online detection mechanical arm II, a milling cutter replacement mechanical arm, a workbench II with two rotary degrees of freedom and a gravity balance device II; the Z-axis guide mechanism II comprises a Z-axis upright post II, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block II, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism II and a Z-axis lifting plate II; the gravity balance device II is connected with the Z-axis lifting plate II, a Y-axis guide mechanism II is installed at the bottom of the Z-axis lifting plate II, an X-axis guide mechanism II is installed at the bottom of the Y-axis guide mechanism II, and the bottom of the X-axis guide mechanism II is connected with the milling spindle assembly through a milling spindle connecting flange; the front end of the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm is provided with a milling cutter clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand; a second zero point positioning system is arranged on the second workbench with two rotation degrees of freedom;

the grinding module comprises an X-axis guide mechanism III, a Y-axis guide mechanism III, a Z-axis guide mechanism III, a workbench III with two rotation degrees of freedom, a grinding wheel tool magazine, a grinding wheel coping device, an online detection mechanical arm III, a grinding wheel replacing and coping mechanical arm and a gravity balancing device III; the Z-axis guide mechanism III comprises a Z-axis upright post III, a Z-axis guide rail slide block III, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism III and a Z-axis lifting plate III; the gravity balance device III is connected with the Z-axis lifting plate III, the bottom of the Z-axis lifting plate III is provided with a Y-axis guide mechanism III, the bottom of the Y-axis guide mechanism III is provided with an X-axis guide mechanism III, and the bottom of the X-axis guide mechanism III is connected with the grinding spindle assembly through a grinding spindle connecting flange; the front end of the grinding wheel replacing and polishing mechanical arm is provided with a grinding wheel clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand; a third zero point positioning system is arranged on the third workbench with two rotation degrees of freedom;

the polishing module comprises an X-axis guide mechanism IV, a Y-axis guide mechanism IV, a Z-axis guide mechanism IV, a workbench IV with two rotary degrees of freedom, an air bag tool magazine, an air bag coping device, an ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, an online detection mechanical arm IV, an air bag replacing and coping mechanical arm and a gravity balancing device IV; the Z-axis guide mechanism IV comprises a Z-axis upright post IV, a Z-axis guide rail slide block IV, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism IV and a Z-axis lifting plate IV; the gravity balance device IV is connected with the Z-axis lifting plate IV, the bottom of the Z-axis lifting plate IV is provided with a Y-axis guide mechanism IV, the bottom of the Y-axis guide mechanism IV is provided with an X-axis guide mechanism IV, and the bottom of the X-axis guide mechanism IV is connected with the polishing spindle assembly through a polishing spindle connecting flange; the front end of the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm is provided with a polishing air bag clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand; polishing solution ultrasonic spray atomizing mechanism is installed to ultrasonic spray mechanical arm front end, install zero positioning system four on the workstation four of two gyration degrees of freedom.

Furthermore, the optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system further comprises a machine tool top plate, a machine tool base and a machine tool bottom plate, wherein the machine tool bottom plate is installed on the machine tool base, and a first Z-axis upright post, a first Y-axis guide mechanism and a first online detection mechanical arm of the 3D printing module are all installed on the machine tool bottom plate; a Z-axis upright post II of the milling module, a workbench II with two rotary degrees of freedom, a milling cutter tool magazine, an online detection mechanical arm II and a milling cutter replacement mechanical arm are all arranged on a machine tool bottom plate; a Z-axis upright post III of the grinding module, a workbench III with two rotation degrees of freedom, a grinding wheel tool magazine, a grinding wheel coping device, an online detection mechanical arm III and a grinding wheel replacement coping mechanical arm are all arranged on a machine tool bottom plate; a Z-axis upright post IV of the polishing module, a workbench IV with two rotary degrees of freedom, an air bag tool magazine, an air bag polishing device, an ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, an online detection mechanical arm IV and an air bag replacing and polishing mechanical arm are all arranged on a machine tool bottom plate; the machine tool top plate is arranged on the tops of the Z-axis upright post I, the Z-axis upright post II, the Z-axis upright post III and the Z-axis upright post IV; the gravity balance device I and the Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism I of the 3D printing module are both arranged on a top plate of the machine tool; a second gravity balance device of the milling module and a second Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism are both arranged on a top plate of the machine tool; a third gravity balance device of the grinding module and a third Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism are both arranged on a top plate of the machine tool; and the gravity balance device IV of the polishing module and the Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism IV are both arranged on the top plate of the machine tool.

Furthermore, each module is provided with at least two Z-axis upright columns among the 3D printing module, the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module; every Z axle stand divide into two or three spliced poles, and when the Z axle stand divided into two spliced poles, one of them spliced pole was provided with Z axle guide rail slider mounting groove, and another spliced pole is connected with the lathe roof, and concrete setting mode is: the upper part of the Z-axis upright post is divided into two parts to form two connecting posts, and the two connecting posts share the lower part of the Z-axis upright post at the same time, or two independent connecting posts are adopted; when the Z axle stand divide into three spliced pole, the spliced pole that is located both sides is provided with Z axle guide rail slider mounting groove, and the spliced pole that is located the centre is connected with the lathe roof, and concrete setting mode is: the upper part of the Z-axis upright column is divided into three parts to form three connecting columns, and the three connecting columns share the lower part of the Z-axis upright column, or three independent connecting columns are adopted; the connecting surface of the Z-axis upright post and the machine tool top plate is higher than the upper end surface of the Z-axis guide rail slide block mounting groove.

Further, the 3D printing workbench, the workbench II with two rotation degrees of freedom, the workbench III with two rotation degrees of freedom, the workbench IV with two rotation degrees of freedom, the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm and the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm are accurately positioned on the bottom plate of the machine tool so as to ensure the realization of coordinate conversion of adjacent modules; the online detection mechanical arm I, the online detection mechanical arm II, the online detection mechanical arm III, the online detection mechanical arm IV, the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, the milling cutter tool magazine, the grinding wheel tool magazine, the air bag tool magazine, the grinding wheel coping device and the air bag coping device are accurately positioned on the bottom plate of the machine tool, and the realization of coordinate conversion in each module is guaranteed.

Further, the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm, the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm, the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, the online detection mechanical arm I, the online detection mechanical arm II, the online detection mechanical arm III and the online detection mechanical arm IV are respectively a 4-freedom SCARA type robot, a 4-freedom tandem type robot, a 5-freedom tandem type robot, a 6-freedom tandem type robot or a 7-freedom tandem type robot.

Further, a laser interference measuring head is installed at the front end of the on-line detection mechanical arm and used for detecting the condition of a molten pool in the 3D printing process and detecting the surface shape precision of the 3D printed optical free-form surface; the front end of the online detection mechanical arm II is provided with a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device which are used for cleaning and air-drying the milled optical free-form surface, detecting the surface shape precision and detecting the abrasion condition of the milling cutter in the milling process; the front end of the online detection mechanical arm III is provided with a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device which are used for cleaning and air-drying the ground optical free-form surface and detecting the surface shape precision, and detecting the abrasion condition of the grinding wheel in the grinding process; the laser interference measuring head and the cleaning and air-drying device are installed at the four front ends of the online detection mechanical arm and are used for cleaning, air-drying and surface shape precision detection after the optical free-form surface is polished, and the abrasion condition of the polishing air bag in the polishing process is detected.

Further, the first gravity balance device, the second gravity balance device, the third gravity balance device and the fourth gravity balance device are equally divided and respectively comprise an oil cylinder, an oil cylinder connecting flange, a connecting bolt and a connecting nut, the oil cylinder is connected with a machine tool top plate through the oil cylinder connecting flange, and a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the Z-axis lifting plate through the connecting bolt and the connecting nut.

And the axes of the grinding spindle assembly and the grinding spindle connecting flange form an included angle of 45 degrees.

The milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module are all provided with waste liquid collecting grooves, the waste liquid collecting grooves are installed on a machine tool bottom plate, and the waste liquid collecting grooves are provided with waste liquid collecting holes and used for recovering waste liquid.

The optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system further comprises a protection system, wherein the protection system comprises an inner protection system and an outer protection system; the internal protection system comprises a 3D printing module internal protection system, a milling module internal protection system, a grinding module internal protection system and a polishing module internal protection system; the outer protection system comprises a manufacturing system left side protection cover, a manufacturing system right side protection cover, a 3D printing module rear side protection cover, a milling module rear side protection cover, a grinding module rear side protection cover, a polishing module rear side protection cover, a 3D printing module front lower side protection cover, a milling module front lower side protection cover, a grinding module front lower side protection cover, a polishing module front lower side protection cover, a 3D printing module protection door device, a milling module protection door device, a grinding module protection door device and a polishing module protection door device.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the 3D printing module, the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module are sequentially arranged and are all five-axis linkage processing devices, ultra-precise material increase and decrease manufacturing of a complex optical free-form surface can be realized, and a processed workpiece has low surface profile roughness, low surface residual stress and surface subsurface damage, so that the workpiece has excellent optical performance;

2) the invention has high equipment utilization rate and short production period, reduces the equipment quantity and the plant area, the optical free-form surface workpiece is sequentially transferred among all modules through the mechanical arm, is positioned through the zero positioning system, can be sequentially processed in all modules through coordinate transformation, and compared with discrete manufacturing, the manufacturing system does not need secondary clamping, thereby having high processing precision and efficiency;

3) the Z-axis upright columns of the modules are of closed structures and are connected with the gravity balance device, and compared with a cantilever type structure, the manufacturing system has good rigidity, strength and stability; the first Z-axis upright post, the second Z-axis upright post, the third Z-axis upright post and the fourth Z-axis upright post are all designed by adopting mechanical split flow, the gravity at the upper part of the manufacturing system is transmitted from the local part of the Z-axis upright post, and the guide precision of a Z-axis guide rail is not influenced;

4) the material of the manufacturing system body adopts natural granite, the material is subjected to long-term natural aging, a machine tool adopting the material has excellent structural stability and precision retentivity, and the material has excellent vibration damping property and low thermal expansion coefficient and can meet the requirement of ultra-precision machining;

5) the inner protection system protects the moving part of the manufacturing system, so that the precision stability of the manufacturing system is ensured;

6) the outer protection system protects the operators and ensures the safety of the operators.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front view of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a first schematic diagram of the interior of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a second internal schematic view of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of an outer shield system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of an outer shield system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front view of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system without an external shield system provided by embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a rear view of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system without an external shield system provided by embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system without an outer shield system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an ergonomic diagram of a security door provided in accordance with an embodiment of the invention when the security door is not opened;

FIG. 11 is an ergonomic view of a protective door provided in accordance with an embodiment of the invention when opened;

FIG. 12 is a process flow diagram of an optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a first schematic view of a Z-axis column provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a second schematic view of a Z-axis column according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include:

in the ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system body of the optical free-form surface: 1. a machine tool base; 2. a machine tool base plate; 2-1, milling a waste liquid collecting tank; 2-2, milling a waste liquid collecting hole; 2-3, a grinding waste liquid collecting tank; 2-4, grinding waste liquid collecting holes; 2-5, a polishing waste liquid collecting tank; 2-6, polishing waste liquid collecting holes; 3. a first Y-axis guide mechanism; 3-1, a first Y-axis supporting plate; 3-2, a first Y-axis guide rail slide block; 3-3, a Y-axis motor screw mechanism I; 4. an X-axis guide mechanism I; 4-1, a first X-axis supporting plate; 4-2, an X-axis guide rail slide block I; 4-3, a first X-axis motor screw mechanism; 5. a 3D printing workbench; 6. a Z-axis guide mechanism I; 6-1, a Z-axis upright post I; 6-2, a Z-axis guide rail slide block I; 6-3; a Z-axis motor screw mechanism I; 6-4, a Z-axis lifting plate I; 7. a machine tool top plate; 8. the zero positioning system is uniform; 9. a workpiece holder; 10. a print head with two rotational degrees of freedom; 11. a first gravity balancing device; 11-1, a first oil cylinder; 11-2, connecting a first oil cylinder flange; 11-3, connecting a first bolt; 11-4, connecting a first nut; 12. a print head attachment flange; 13. a workpiece; 14. a substrate; 15. a Z-axis guide mechanism II; 15-1 and a Z-axis upright post II; 15-2, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block II; 15-3, a Z-axis motor screw mechanism II; 15-4, a Z-axis lifting plate II; 16. a second gravity balancing device; 16-1 and a second oil cylinder; 16-2, connecting a second oil cylinder flange; 16-3, connecting a second bolt; 16-4, connecting a second nut; 17. a second Y-axis guide mechanism; 17-1, a Y-axis supporting plate II; 17-2, a Y-axis guide rail sliding block II; 17-3, a Y-axis motor screw mechanism II; 18. an X-axis guide mechanism II; 18-1 and an X-axis supporting plate II; 18-2, an X-axis guide rail sliding block II; 18-3, a second X-axis motor screw mechanism; 19. milling a main shaft connecting flange; 20. a milling spindle assembly; 21. a third gravity balancing device; 21-1, oil cylinder III; 21-2, an oil cylinder connecting flange III; 21-3, connecting bolts III; 21-4, connecting a third nut; 22. a Y-axis guide mechanism III; 22-1, a Y-axis supporting plate III; 22-2, a Y-axis guide rail slide block III; 22-3, a Y-axis motor screw mechanism III; 23. an X-axis guide mechanism III; 23-1, an X-axis supporting plate III; 23-2, an X-axis guide rail slide block III; 23-3, an X-axis motor screw mechanism III; 24. grinding a main shaft connecting flange; 25. grinding the spindle assembly; 26. a Z-axis guide mechanism III; 26-1 and a Z-axis upright post III; 26-2, a Z-axis guide rail slide block III; 26-3; a Z-axis motor screw mechanism III; 26-4, a Z-axis lifting plate III; 27. a gravity balancing device IV; 27-1 and an oil cylinder IV; 27-2, an oil cylinder connecting flange IV; 27-3, connecting bolt IV; 27-4, connecting a nut IV; 28. a Y-axis guide mechanism IV; 28-1, Y-axis supporting plate IV; 28-2, a Y-axis guide rail slide block IV; 28-3, a Y-axis motor screw mechanism IV; 29. the X-axis guide mechanism is IV; 29-1, X-axis supporting plate IV; 29-2, and an X-axis guide rail slide block IV; 29-3, and an X-axis motor screw mechanism IV; 30. a Z-axis guide mechanism IV; 30-1, Z-axis upright post four; 30-2, a Z-axis guide rail slide block IV; 30-3; a Z-axis motor screw mechanism IV; 30-4, Z-axis lifting plate IV; 31. polishing the connecting flange of the main shaft; 32. polishing the spindle assembly; 33. detecting a mechanical arm I on line; 34. replacing the mechanical arm by the milling cutter; 35. a milling cutter magazine; 36. detecting a mechanical arm II on line; 37. a second workbench with two rotation degrees of freedom; 38. a second zero point positioning system; 39. replacing a grinding mechanical arm with a grinding wheel; 40. a grinding wheel tool magazine; 41. detecting a mechanical arm III on line; 42. a grinding wheel dresser; 43. a third workbench with two rotation degrees of freedom; 44. a zero positioning system III; 45. replacing a grinding mechanical arm with an air bag; 46. an air bag tool magazine; 47. detecting a mechanical arm IV on line; 48. an air bag coping device; 49. a fourth workbench with two rotation degrees of freedom; 50. a zero positioning system IV; 51. an ultrasonic spray mechanical arm;

among protection system and auxiliary device: 101. a 3D printing module front lower side protective cover; 102. a 3D printing module protective door; 103. manufacturing a system left side shield; 104. 3D printing module protective door glass; 105. the 3D printing module is used for protecting a door lifting plate; 106. the 3D printing module alarm device; 107. a protective cover for the front lower side of the milling module; 108. milling a module guard door lifting plate; 109. milling module protective door glass; 110. milling a module protective door; 111. a milling module alarm device; 112. a manufacturing system master controller; 113. grinding the module protective door lifting plate; 114. grinding the module protective door glass; 115. a grinding module alarm device; 116. grinding the module protective door; 117. polishing module protective door lifting plate; 118. a polishing module alarm device; 119. grinding a protective cover at the front lower side of the module; 120. polishing protective door glass of the optical module; 121. polishing the module guard gate; 122. manufacturing a system right side shield; 123. a front lower side protective cover of the polishing module; 124. a 3D printing module rear side protective cover; 125. the 3D printing module powder collecting device; 126. milling a rear side protective cover of the module; 127. milling module oil mist collection device; 128. grinding the rear side protective cover of the module; 129. a grinding module oil mist collecting device; 130. polishing the rear side protective cover of the module; 131. a polishing module oil mist collecting device; 132. the 3D printing module X-axis protective cover; 133. a Y-axis protective cover of the 3D printing module; 134. the 3D printing module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box; 135. an X-axis protection device of the milling module; 135-1, milling a module X-axis protective cover; 135-2, milling a module X-axis shield connecting plate; 136. a milling module Y-axis protection device; 136-1, milling module Y-axis shield connecting plate; 136-2, a milling module Y-axis shield; 137. a milling module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box; 138. grinding the module X-axis guard; 138-1, grinding a module X-axis shield; 138-2, grinding module X-axis shield connecting plate; 139. grinding a module Y-axis protective device; 139-1, grinding module Y-axis protective cover connecting plate; 139-2, grinding the Y-axis protective cover of the module; 140. a grinding module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box; 141. an X-axis protection device of the polishing module; 141-1, polishing module X-axis shield; 141-2, polishing module X-axis protective cover connecting plate; 142. a polishing module Y-axis protection device; 139-1, polishing module Y-axis protective cover connecting plate; 139-2, polishing module Y-axis shield; 143. the polishing module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box; 144. the 3D printing module Z-axis lead screw protective cover; 145. a Z-axis lead screw protective cover of the milling module; 146. grinding the Z-axis lead screw protective cover of the module; 147. a polishing module Z-axis lead screw protective cover; 148. a polishing module protective door guide structure; 149. a Z-axis oil leakage recovery disc of the polishing module; 150. a Z-axis guide rail slide block protective cover of the polishing module; 151. the polishing module protective door opens and closes the power device; 151-1, connecting a flange behind a polishing module cylinder; 151-2, a polishing module cylinder; 151-3, connecting a flange in front of a polishing module cylinder; 152. grinding the module protective door guide structure; 153. a Z-axis oil leakage recovery disc of the grinding module; 154. grinding a Z-axis guide rail slide block protective cover of the module; 155. the grinding module protective door opening and closing power device; 155-1, grinding a rear connecting flange of the module cylinder; 155-2, grinding the module cylinder; 155-3, grinding a front connecting flange of the module cylinder; 156. milling a module protective door guide structure; 157. milling a Z-axis oil leakage recovery disc of the module; 158. a Z-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover of the milling module; 159. the milling module protective door opening and closing power device; 159-1, milling a rear connecting flange of the module cylinder; 159-2, milling module cylinder; 159-3, milling a front connecting flange of the module cylinder; 160. the 3D printing module is used for protecting a door guide structure; 161. a Z-axis oil leakage recovery disc of the 3D printing module; 162. the 3D printing module Z-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover; 163. the 3D printing module protective door opens and closes the power device; 163-1, 3D printing module cylinder back connecting flange; 163-2, 3D printing module cylinder; 163-3, 3D print module cylinder front flange.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "a", "two", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance, and in this application, corresponding references to the same or similar components in a 3D printing module, milling module, grinding module, polishing module are distinguished by "a", "two", "three", and "four".

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1 to 14, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system, which includes a 3D printing module, a milling module, a grinding module, and a polishing module, which are sequentially arranged;

the 3D printing module comprises an X-axis guide mechanism I4, a Y-axis guide mechanism I3, a Z-axis guide mechanism I6, a printing head 10 with two rotation degrees of freedom, an online detection mechanical arm I33 and a gravity balancing device I11; the top of the Y-axis guide mechanism I3 is provided with an X-axis guide mechanism I4, the top of the X-axis guide mechanism I4 is provided with a 3D printing workbench 5, the 3D printing workbench 5 is provided with a zero point positioning system 8, the zero point positioning system 8 is provided with a workpiece clamp 9, and the workpiece clamp 9 is provided with a substrate 14; the Z-axis guide mechanism I6 comprises a Z-axis upright post I6-1, a Z-axis guide rail slide block I6-2, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism I6-3 and a Z-axis lifting plate I6-4; the first gravity balance device 11 is connected with the first Z-axis lifting plate 6-4, and the bottom of the first Z-axis lifting plate 6-4 is connected with the printing head 10 with two rotation degrees of freedom through a printing head connecting flange 12;

the milling module comprises an X-axis guide mechanism II 18, a Y-axis guide mechanism II 17, a Z-axis guide mechanism II 15, a milling cutter tool magazine 35, an online detection mechanical arm II 36, a milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34, a workbench II 37 with two rotation degrees of freedom and a gravity balance device II 16; the Z-axis guide mechanism II 15 comprises a Z-axis upright post II 15-1, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block II 15-2, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism II 15-3 and a Z-axis lifting plate II 15-4; the second gravity balance device 16 is connected with the second Z-axis lifting plate 15-4, the second Y-axis guide mechanism 17 is installed at the bottom of the second Z-axis lifting plate 15-4, the second X-axis guide mechanism 18 is installed at the bottom of the second Y-axis guide mechanism 17, and the bottom of the second X-axis guide mechanism 18 is connected with the milling spindle assembly 20 through the milling spindle connecting flange 19; the front end of the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34 is provided with a milling cutter clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand; a second zero point positioning system 38 is arranged on the second workbench 37 with two rotation degrees of freedom;

the grinding module comprises a third X-axis guide mechanism 23, a third Y-axis guide mechanism 22, a third Z-axis guide mechanism 26, a third workbench 43 with two rotation degrees of freedom, a grinding wheel tool magazine 40, a grinding wheel dresser 42, a third online detection mechanical arm 41, a grinding wheel replacing and dressing mechanical arm 39 and a third gravity balance device 21; the Z-axis guide mechanism III 26 comprises a Z-axis upright post III 26-1, a Z-axis guide rail slide block III 26-2, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism III 26-3 and a Z-axis lifting plate III 26-4; the gravity balance device III 21 is connected with the Z-axis lifting plate III 26-4, the bottom of the Z-axis lifting plate III 26-4 is provided with a Y-axis guide mechanism III 22, the bottom of the Y-axis guide mechanism III 22 is provided with an X-axis guide mechanism III 23, the bottom of the X-axis guide mechanism III 23 is connected with the grinding spindle assembly 25 through the grinding spindle connecting flange 24, and the axes of the grinding spindle assembly 25 and the grinding spindle connecting flange 24 form an included angle of 45 degrees; the front end of the grinding wheel replacing and polishing mechanical arm 39 is provided with a grinding wheel clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand; a third zero point positioning system 44 is arranged on a third workbench 43 with two rotation degrees of freedom;

the polishing module comprises an X-axis guide mechanism IV 29, a Y-axis guide mechanism IV 28, a Z-axis guide mechanism IV 30, a workbench IV 49 with two rotation degrees of freedom, an air bag tool magazine 46, an air bag sharpening device 48, an ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51, an online detection mechanical arm IV 47, an air bag replacement sharpening mechanical arm 45 and a gravity balancing device IV 27; the Z-axis guide mechanism IV 30 comprises a Z-axis upright post IV 30-1, a Z-axis guide rail sliding block IV 30-2, a Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism IV 30-3 and a Z-axis lifting plate IV 30-4; the fourth gravity balance device 27 is connected with the fourth Z-axis lifting plate 30-4, the bottom of the fourth Z-axis lifting plate 30-4 is provided with a fourth Y-axis guide mechanism 28, the bottom of the fourth Y-axis guide mechanism 28 is provided with a fourth X-axis guide mechanism 29, and the bottom of the fourth X-axis guide mechanism 29 is connected with a polishing spindle assembly 32 through a polishing spindle connecting flange 31; the front end of the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 is provided with a polishing air bag clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand; the front end of the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51 is provided with a polishing solution ultrasonic spraying and atomizing mechanism, and a four zero positioning system 50 is arranged on a four workbench 49 with two rotation degrees of freedom.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system further includes a machine tool top plate 7, a machine tool base 1 and a machine tool bottom plate 2, the machine tool bottom plate 2 is installed on the machine tool base 1, and a Z-axis upright post 6-1, a Y-axis guide mechanism 3 and an online detection mechanical arm 33 of the 3D printing module are all installed on the machine tool bottom plate 2; a Z-axis upright post II 15-1 of the milling module, a workbench II 37 with two rotary degrees of freedom, a milling cutter tool magazine 35, an online detection mechanical arm II 36 and a milling cutter replacement mechanical arm 34 are all arranged on the machine tool bottom plate 2; a Z-axis upright post III 26-1 of the grinding module, a workbench III 43 with two rotation degrees of freedom, a grinding wheel tool magazine 40, a grinding wheel sharpening device 42, an online detection mechanical arm III 41 and a grinding wheel replacing and sharpening mechanical arm 39 are all arranged on the machine tool bottom plate 2; a Z-axis upright post four 30-1 of the polishing module, a workbench four 49 with two rotary degrees of freedom, an air bag tool magazine 46, an air bag sharpening device 48, an ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51, an online detection mechanical arm four 47 and an air bag replacement sharpening mechanical arm 45 are all arranged on the machine tool bottom plate 2; a machine tool top plate 7 is arranged on the tops of a Z-axis upright post I6-1, a Z-axis upright post II 15-1, a Z-axis upright post III 26-1 and a Z-axis upright post IV 30-1; a first gravity balance device 11 and a first Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism of the 3D printing module are both arranged on a top plate 7 of the machine tool; a second gravity balance device 16 and a second Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism of the milling module are both arranged on the top plate 7 of the machine tool; a third gravity balance device 21 of the grinding module and a third Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism are both arranged on the top plate 7 of the machine tool; and a fourth gravity balance device 27 of the polishing module and a fourth Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism are both arranged on the top plate 7 of the machine tool.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the 3D printing module, the milling module, the grinding module, and the polishing module share a machine tool base 1, a machine tool bottom plate 2, and a machine tool top plate 7, the machine tool base 1 may be mounted on a vibration isolation device, a Z-axis column between two adjacent modules may be shared, for example, a Z-axis column between the 3D printing module and the milling module may be shared, a Z-axis column between the milling module and the polishing module may be shared, a Z-axis column between the polishing module and the grinding module may be shared, at least two, preferably four, Z-axis columns of each module may be of a single structure or of interconnected structures, a structural size of the machine tool may be adjusted according to a size of a workpiece 13, so that two sides of the spindle have support points, and high rigidity of the manufacturing system is achieved. 3D print module, mill module, grinding module and polishing module and equally divide and do not include X axle guiding mechanism, the Y axle guiding mechanism that provides the linear feed motion around the Y axle direction and the Z axle guiding mechanism that provides the linear feed motion about the Z axle direction about the X axle direction, specifically include: as shown in fig. 3, in the 3D printing module, the first X-axis guide mechanism 4 provides left-right linear feed motion of the machine tool in the X-axis direction, the first Y-axis guide mechanism 3 provides front-back linear feed motion of the machine tool in the Y-axis direction, and the first Z-axis guide mechanism 6 provides up-down linear feed motion of the machine tool in the Z-axis direction; in the milling module, a second X-axis guide mechanism 18 provides left-right linear feed motion of the machine tool in the X-axis direction, a second Y-axis guide mechanism 17 provides front-back linear feed motion of the machine tool in the Y-axis direction, and a second Z-axis guide mechanism 15 provides up-down linear feed motion of the machine tool in the Z-axis direction; in the grinding module, an X-axis guide mechanism III 23 provides left-right linear feed motion of the machine tool in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis guide mechanism III 22 provides front-back linear feed motion of the machine tool in the Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis guide mechanism III 26 provides up-down linear feed motion of the machine tool in the Z-axis direction; in the polishing module, an X-axis guide mechanism four 29 provides left-right linear feeding motion of the machine tool in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis guide mechanism four 28 provides front-back linear feeding motion of the machine tool in the Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis guide mechanism four 30 provides up-down linear feeding motion of the machine tool in the Z-axis direction. The X-axis motor lead screw mechanism, the Y-axis motor lead screw mechanism and the Z-axis motor lead screw mechanism can adopt a sliding lead screw mechanism, a rolling lead screw mechanism, a hydrostatic lead screw mechanism, a aerostatic lead screw mechanism or a magnetic suspension lead screw mechanism; of course, the X-axis motor screw mechanism, the Y-axis motor screw mechanism and the Z-axis motor screw mechanism can be directly purchased from the prior art and can also be manufactured through a servo motor, a coupler, a bearing seat, a bearing, a screw, a nut and a nut seat. The X-axis guide rail sliding block, the Y-axis guide rail sliding block and the Z-axis guide rail sliding block are all sliding guide rail sliding block mechanisms, rolling guide rail sliding block mechanisms, hydrostatic guide rail sliding block mechanisms, aerostatic guide rail sliding block mechanisms or magnetic suspension type guide rail sliding block mechanisms. The milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module are respectively provided with a workbench with two rotary degrees of freedom and used for providing A-axis rotary motion and C-axis rotary motion for the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module, specifically, a workbench II 37 with two rotary degrees of freedom provides A-axis rotary motion and C-axis rotary motion for the milling module, a workbench III 43 with two rotary degrees of freedom provides A-axis rotary motion and C-axis rotary motion for the grinding module, and a workbench IV 49 with two rotary degrees of freedom can provide A-axis rotary motion and C-axis rotary motion for the polishing module; the two-degree-of-freedom rotary worktable is a cradle type rotary worktable or a cantilever type rotary worktable; the 3D printing module is provided with a print head 10 with two rotational degrees of freedom for providing a rotational movement of the a-axis and a rotational movement of the C-axis of the 3D printing module.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the 3D module, the X-axis guide mechanism one 4 includes an X-axis supporting plate one 4-1, an X-axis guide rail sliding block one 4-2, and an X-axis motor screw mechanism one 4-3; the Y-axis guide mechanism I3 comprises a Y-axis supporting plate I3-1, a Y-axis guide rail sliding block I3-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism I3-3. The workpiece clamp 9 is a vacuum clamp, an electromagnetic clamp, a special clamp or a combined clamp. In the milling module, the X-axis guide mechanism II 18 comprises an X-axis supporting plate II 18-1, an X-axis guide rail sliding block II 18-2 and an X-axis motor screw mechanism II 18-3; the Y-axis guide mechanism II 17 comprises a Y-axis supporting plate II 17-1, a Y-axis guide rail sliding block II 17-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism II 17-3; the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34 is provided with a milling cutter clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand at the front end, the milling cutter is replaced according to the rough and finish milling stage, the milling cutter is replaced according to the wear condition of the milling cutter, and the workpiece carrying clamping hand is used for transferring the workpiece 13 from the 3D printing module to the milling module. In the grinding module, the X-axis guide mechanism III 23 comprises an X-axis supporting plate III 23-1, an X-axis guide rail sliding block III 23-2 and an X-axis motor screw mechanism III 23-3; the Y-axis guide mechanism III 22 comprises a Y-axis supporting plate III 22-1, a Y-axis guide rail sliding block III 22-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism III 22-3, a grinding wheel clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand are mounted at the front end of the grinding wheel replacing and polishing mechanical arm 39, the grinding wheel is replaced according to the coarse and fine grinding stage, the grinding wheel is polished according to the grinding wheel abrasion condition, and the workpiece carrying clamping hand is used for transferring the workpiece 13 from the milling module to the grinding module. In the polishing module, the X-axis guide mechanism IV 29 comprises an X-axis supporting plate IV 29-1, an X-axis guide rail sliding block IV 29-2 and an X-axis motor screw mechanism IV 29-3; the Y-axis guide mechanism IV 28 comprises a Y-axis supporting plate IV 28-1, a Y-axis guide rail sliding block IV 28-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism IV 28-3, the front end of the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 is provided with a polishing air bag clamping hand and a workpiece carrying clamping hand, the polishing air bag is replaced according to the rough and fine polishing stage, the polishing air bag is ground according to the abrasion condition of the polishing air bag, and the workpiece carrying clamping hand is used for transferring the workpiece 13 from the grinding module to the polishing module; the front end of the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51 is provided with a polishing solution ultrasonic spraying and atomizing mechanism.

The milling spindle assembly 20 includes: milling a main shaft, a cutter handle and a milling cutter; the grinding spindle assembly 25 includes: grinding the main shaft, the tool shank and the grinding wheel; the polishing spindle assembly 32 includes: the polishing device comprises a polishing main shaft, a tool handle and a polishing air bag; the milling spindle, the grinding spindle and the polishing spindle are respectively a mechanical spindle, an electric spindle, a hydrostatic spindle, a gas hydrostatic spindle or a magnetic suspension spindle.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4 and fig. 13 and 14, each of the 3D printing module, the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module is provided with at least two Z-axis uprights, that is, the 3D printing module is provided with at least two Z-axis uprights one 6-1, the milling module is provided with at least two Z-axis uprights two 15-1, the grinding module is provided with at least two Z-axis uprights three 26-1, and the polishing module is provided with at least two Z-axis uprights four 30-1; z axle stand divide into two or three spliced poles, and when Z axle stand upper portion was two spliced poles, one of them spliced pole was provided with Z axle guide rail slider mounting groove, and another spliced pole is connected with lathe roof 7, and concrete mode of setting is: the upper part of the Z-axis upright post is divided into two parts to form two connecting posts, and the two connecting posts share the lower part of the Z-axis upright post at the same time, or two independent connecting posts are adopted; when the Z axle stand divide into three spliced pole, the spliced pole that is located both sides is provided with Z axle guide rail slider mounting groove, and the spliced pole that is located the centre is connected with lathe roof 7, and concrete setting mode is: the upper part of the Z-axis upright column is divided into three parts to form three connecting columns, and the three connecting columns share the lower part of the Z-axis upright column, or three independent connecting columns are adopted; the connecting surface of the Z-axis upright post and the machine tool top plate 7 is higher than the upper end surface of the Z-axis guide rail slide block mounting groove.

In the embodiment, the Z-axis upright column (the common characteristics of the Z-axis upright column I6-1, the Z-axis upright column II 15-1, the Z-axis upright column III 26-1 and the Z-axis upright column IV 30-1 are explained by the Z-axis upright column for simplifying the description) adopts a mechanical split design, and the gravity on the upper part of the manufacturing system is locally transmitted out of the Z-axis upright column without influencing the guiding precision of a Z-axis guide rail. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the upper portion of the Z-axis column is divided into two connecting columns, the two connecting columns are suitable for two sides of the optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system, for example, a first Z-axis column 6-1 and a fourth Z-axis column 30-1 which are positioned at two sides of the manufacturing system, one connecting column of the first Z-axis column 6-1 and the fourth Z-axis column 30-1 is provided with a Z-axis guide rail slider mounting groove, and the other connecting column is connected with a machine tool top plate 7, the two connecting columns can be formed by dividing the upper portion of the Z-axis column into two parts and sharing the bottom of the Z-axis column, or can be two independent columns, so that the gravity at the upper portion of the manufacturing system is; when the upper part of the Z-axis upright post is provided with three connecting posts, the Z-axis upright post structure is suitable for the middle part of an optical free-form surface ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system, for example, a first Z-axis upright post 6-1, a second Z-axis upright post 15-1, a third Z-axis upright post 26-1 and a fourth Z-axis upright post 30-1 which are positioned in the middle part of the manufacturing system, connecting posts positioned on two sides of the Z-axis upright post are provided with Z-axis guide rail slider mounting grooves, and the connecting post positioned in the middle of the Z-axis upright post is connected with a machine tool top plate 7.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the 3D printing table 5, the two-rotational-degree-of-freedom table 37, the three-rotational-degree-of-freedom table 43, the four-rotational-degree-of-freedom table 49, the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm 39, and the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 are precisely positioned on the machine tool bottom plate 2 to ensure the realization of coordinate transformation of adjacent modules; the online detection mechanical arm I33, the online detection mechanical arm II 36, the online detection mechanical arm III 41, the online detection mechanical arm IV 47, the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51, the milling cutter tool magazine 35, the grinding wheel tool magazine 40, the air bag tool magazine 46, the grinding wheel dresser 42 and the air bag dresser 48 are accurately positioned on the bottom plate of the machine tool so as to ensure the realization of coordinate conversion in each module, and the accurate positioning can be realized through a positioning boss or a process groove.

The milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm 39, the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45, the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51, the online detection mechanical arm I33, the online detection mechanical arm II 36, the online detection mechanical arm III 41 and the online detection mechanical arm IV 47 are respectively a 4-freedom-degree SCARA type robot, a 4-freedom-degree tandem type robot, a 5-freedom-degree tandem type robot, a 6-freedom-degree tandem type robot or a 7-freedom-degree tandem type robot, namely, the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34 is one of a 4-freedom-degree SCARA type robot, a 4-freedom-degree tandem type robot, a 5-freedom-degree tandem type robot, a 6-freedom-degree tandem type robot or a 7-freedom-degree tandem type robot; the grinding wheel replacing and polishing mechanical arm 39 is one of a 4-freedom-degree SCARA type robot, a 4-freedom-degree tandem type robot, a 5-freedom-degree tandem type robot, a 6-freedom-degree tandem type robot or a 7-freedom-degree tandem type robot; the air bag replacing and polishing mechanical arm 45 is one of a 4-freedom-degree SCARA robot, a 4-freedom-degree tandem robot, a 5-freedom-degree tandem robot, a 6-freedom-degree tandem robot or a 7-freedom-degree tandem robot; the ultrasonic spray mechanical arm 51 is one of a 4-degree-of-freedom SCARA type robot, a 4-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, a 5-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, a 6-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, or a 7-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot; similarly, the 4 on-line detection mechanical arms are also respectively one of a 4-degree-of-freedom SCARA type robot, a 4-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, a 5-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, a 6-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot or a 7-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot.

The front end of the first online detection mechanical arm 33 is provided with a laser interference measuring head which is used for detecting the condition of a molten pool in the 3D printing process and detecting the surface shape precision of the 3D printed optical free-form surface; the front end of the second online detection mechanical arm 36 is provided with a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device, and the laser interference measuring head and the cleaning and air-drying device are used for cleaning and air-drying the milled optical free-form surface, detecting the surface shape precision and detecting the abrasion condition of the milling cutter in the milling process; the front end of the online detection mechanical arm III 41 is provided with a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device which are used for cleaning and air-drying the ground optical free-form surface and detecting the surface shape precision, and detecting the abrasion condition of the grinding wheel in the grinding process; and a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device are installed at the front end of the fourth online detection mechanical arm 47, and are used for cleaning, air-drying and surface shape precision detection after the polishing of the optical free-form surface, and detecting the abrasion condition of the polishing air bag in the polishing process.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, each of the first gravity balance device 11, the second gravity balance device 16, the third gravity balance device 21, and the fourth gravity balance device 27 includes an oil cylinder, an oil cylinder connecting flange, a connecting bolt, and a connecting nut, the oil cylinder is connected to the machine tool top plate 7 through the oil cylinder connecting flange, a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected to the Z-axis lifting plate through the connecting bolt and the connecting nut, and a lifting force of the oil cylinder is a gravity of the lifting plate and a lower component. As shown in fig. 4, in the 3D printing module, the gravity balance device comprises a first oil cylinder 11-1, a first oil cylinder connecting flange 11-2, a first connecting bolt 11-3 and a first connecting nut 11-4, and the first gravity balance device 11 balances the weight of the first Z-axis lifting plate below 6-4, so that the machine tool is kept to have good rigidity; in the milling module, the gravity balance device comprises a second oil cylinder 16-1, a second oil cylinder connecting flange 16-2, a second connecting bolt 16-3 and a second connecting nut 16-4, and the second gravity balance device 16 balances the weight below a second Z-axis lifting plate 15-4 to keep the machine tool to have good rigidity; in the grinding module, the gravity balance device comprises a third oil cylinder 21-1, a third oil cylinder connecting flange 21-2, a third connecting bolt 21-3 and a third connecting nut 21-4, and the third gravity balance device 21 balances the weight of the Z-axis lifting plate below the third 26-4, so that the machine tool is kept to have good rigidity; in the polishing module, the gravity balance device comprises a fourth oil cylinder 27-1, a fourth oil cylinder connecting flange 27-2, a fourth connecting bolt 27-3 and a fourth connecting nut 27-4, and the fourth gravity balance device 27 balances the weight of the Z-axis lifting plate below the fourth Z-axis lifting plate 30-4, so that the machine tool is kept to have good rigidity.

As shown in fig. 2, the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module are all provided with a waste liquid collecting tank, the waste liquid collecting tank is installed on the machine tool bottom plate 2, and the waste liquid collecting tank is provided with a waste liquid collecting hole for recovering waste liquid. Specifically, the milling module is provided with a milling waste liquid collecting tank 2-1, and the milling waste liquid collecting tank 2-1 is provided with a milling waste liquid collecting hole 2-2 for recovering milling waste liquid; the grinding module is provided with a grinding waste liquid collecting tank 2-3, and the grinding waste liquid collecting tank 2-3 is provided with a grinding waste liquid collecting hole 2-4 for recovering the grinding waste liquid; the polishing module is provided with a polishing waste liquid collecting tank 2-5, and the polishing waste liquid collecting tank 2-5 is provided with a polishing waste liquid collecting hole 2-6 for recovering polishing waste liquid.

As shown in fig. 5 to 9, the optical free-form surface ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system further includes a protection system, which includes an inner protection system and an outer protection system; the internal protection system comprises a 3D printing module internal protection system, a milling module internal protection system, a grinding module internal protection system and a polishing module internal protection system; the outer protection system comprises a manufacturing system left side protection cover 103, a manufacturing system right side protection cover 122, a 3D printing module rear side protection cover 124, a milling module rear side protection cover 126, a grinding module rear side protection cover 128, a polishing module rear side protection cover 130, a 3D printing module front lower side protection cover 101, a milling module front lower side protection cover 107, a grinding module front lower side protection cover 119, a polishing module front lower side protection cover 123, a 3D printing module protection door device, a milling module protection door device, a grinding module protection door device and a polishing module protection door device, and all structures of the outer protection system are metal plate protection structures.

As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the protection system in the 3D printing module includes a 3D printing module X-axis protection cover 132 for protecting a first 4-2X-axis guide rail slider and a first 4-3X-axis motor screw mechanism, a 3D printing module Y-axis protection cover 133 for protecting a first 3-2Y-axis guide rail slider and a first 3-3Y-axis motor screw mechanism, a 3D printing module Z-axis screw protection cover 144 for protecting a first 6-3Z-axis motor screw mechanism, and a 3D printing module Z-axis guide rail slider protection cover 162 for a first Z-axis guide rail slider mechanism, which are all organ protection covers. Specifically, the X-axis protective cover 132 of the 3D printing module is divided into a left side and a right side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the X-axis supporting plate I4-1 and the Y-axis supporting plate I3-1; the Y-axis protective cover 133 of the 3D printing module is divided into a front side and a rear side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the Y-axis supporting plate I3-1 and the 3D printing workbench 5; the 3D printing module Z-axis guide rail slider protective cover 162 is also an organ protective cover and is connected with a Z-axis upright post I6-1 and a Z-axis lifting plate I6-4; the Z-axis lead screw protective cover 144 of the 3D printing module is divided into an organ protective cover on the upper side and the lower side, and is connected with the machine tool top plate 7, the Z-axis lifting plates 6-4 and the machine tool bottom plate 2. The 3D printing module is provided with a Z-axis leaked oil recovery disc 161 of the 3D printing module, so that the Z-axis lubricating oil of the 3D printing module can be recovered; the 3D printing module is provided with a 3D printing module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box 134, and the recovery of 3D printing module X, Y shaft lubricating oil can be realized.

As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the protection system in the milling module comprises a milling module X-axis protection device 135, a milling module Y-axis protection device 136, a milling module Z-axis lead screw protection cover 145 for protecting a Z-axis motor lead screw mechanism two 15-3, and a milling module Z-axis guide rail slider protection cover 158 for protecting a Z-axis guide rail slider two 15-2; the milling module X-axis protection device 135 comprises a milling module X-axis protection cover 135-1 used for protecting the X-axis guide rail sliding block II 18-2 and the X-axis motor screw mechanism II 18-3, and a milling module X-axis protection cover connecting plate 135-2; the milling module Y-axis protection device 136 comprises a milling module Y-axis protection cover connecting plate 136-1 and a milling module Y-axis protection cover 136-2 used for protecting a Y-axis guide rail sliding block II 17-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism II 17-3; the protective covers are all organ protective covers. Specifically, the X-axis protective cover 135-1 of the milling module is divided into a left side and a right side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the X-axis supporting plate II 18-1 and the X-axis protective cover connecting plate 135-2 of the milling module; the milling module Y-axis protective cover 136-2 is divided into a front side and a rear side which are organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the Y-axis supporting plate II 17-1 and the milling module Y-axis protective cover connecting plate 136-1; the milling module Z-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover 158 is also an organ protective cover and is connected with a Z-axis upright post II 15-1 and a Z-axis lifting plate II 15-4; the milling module Z-axis lead screw protective cover 145 is divided into an organ protective cover on the upper side and the lower side, and is connected with the machine tool top plate 7, the Z-axis lifting plate II 15-4 and the machine tool bottom plate 2. The milling module is provided with a milling module Z-axis leaked oil recovery disc 157, so that Z-axis lubricating oil can be recovered; the milling module is provided with a milling module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box 137, so that X, Y shaft lubricating oil can be recovered.

As shown in fig. 7-9, the in-grinding-module guard system includes a grinding-module X-axis guard 138, a grinding-module Y-axis guard 139, a grinding-module Z-axis lead screw guard 146 for protecting the Z-axis motor lead screw mechanism three 26-3, and a grinding-module Z-axis rail slider guard 154 for protecting the Z-axis rail slider three 26-2; the grinding module X-axis protection device 138 comprises a grinding module X-axis protection cover 138-1 and a grinding module X-axis protection cover connecting plate 138-2, wherein the grinding module X-axis protection cover is used for protecting an X-axis guide rail slide block III 23-2 and an X-axis motor screw mechanism III 23-3; the grinding module Y-axis protection device 139 comprises a grinding module Y-axis protection cover connecting plate 139-1 and a grinding module Y-axis protection cover 139-2 used for protecting a Y-axis guide rail sliding block III 22-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism III 22-3; the protective covers are all organ protective covers. Specifically, the grinding module X-axis protective cover 138-1 is divided into a left side and a right side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the X-axis supporting plate III 23-1 and the grinding module X-axis protective cover connecting plate 138-2; the Y-axis protective cover 139-2 of the grinding module is divided into a front side and a rear side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the Y-axis supporting plate III 22-1 and the Y-axis protective cover connecting plate 139-1 of the grinding module; the grinding module Z-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover 154 is also an organ protective cover and is connected with a Z-axis upright post III 26-1 and a Z-axis lifting plate III 26-4; the grinding module Z-axis lead screw protective cover 146 is divided into an organ protective cover on the upper side and the lower side, and is connected with the machine tool top plate 7, the Z-axis lifting plate III 26-4 and the machine tool bottom plate 2. The grinding module is provided with a Z-axis leaked oil recovery disc 153 of the grinding module, so that Z-axis lubricating oil can be recovered; the grinding module is provided with a grinding module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box 140, so that X, Y shaft lubricating oil can be recovered.

As shown in fig. 7 to 9, the polishing module inner protection system includes a polishing module X-axis protection device 141, a polishing module Y-axis protection device 142, a polishing module Z-axis lead screw protection cover 147 for protecting a Z-axis motor lead screw mechanism iv 30-3, and a polishing module Z-axis guide rail slider protection cover 150 for protecting a Z-axis guide rail slider iv 30-2; the polishing module X-axis protection device 141 comprises a polishing module X-axis protection cover 141-1 and a polishing module X-axis protection cover connecting plate 141-2, wherein the polishing module X-axis protection cover is used for protecting an X-axis guide rail slide block IV 29-2 and an X-axis motor screw mechanism IV 29-3; the polishing module Y-axis protection device 142 comprises a polishing module Y-axis protective cover connecting plate 139-1 and a polishing module Y-axis protective cover 139-2 for protecting a Y-axis guide rail sliding block IV 28-2 and a Y-axis motor screw mechanism IV 28-3; the protective covers are all organ protective covers. Specifically, the polishing module X-axis protective cover 141-1 is divided into a left side and a right side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with an X-axis supporting plate IV 29-1 and a polishing module X-axis protective cover connecting plate 141-2; the Y-axis protective cover 139-2 of the polishing module is divided into a front side and a rear side which are both organ protective covers and is respectively connected with the Y-axis supporting plate IV 28-1 and the polishing module Y-axis protective cover connecting plate 139-1; the Z-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover 150 of the polishing module is also an organ protective cover and is connected with a Z-axis upright post IV 30-1 and a Z-axis lifting plate IV 30-4; the polishing module Z-axis lead screw protective cover 147 is divided into an organ protective cover on the upper side and the lower side, and is connected with the machine tool top plate 7, the Z-axis lifting plate IV 30-4 and the machine tool bottom plate 2. The polishing module is provided with a polishing module Z-axis leaked oil recovery disc 149, so that Z-axis lubricating oil can be recovered; the polishing module is provided with a polishing module X, Y shaft oil leakage recovery box 143, so that X, Y shaft lubricating oil can be recovered.

As shown in fig. 5 to 9, 3D printing module protective door device, milling module protective door device, grinding module protective door device and polishing module protective door device equally divide and respectively include the guard gate, guard gate guide structure, guard gate lifting plate, flange before the cylinder, flange behind cylinder and the cylinder, the cylinder sets up the rear end at the Z axle stand, it is connected with the Z axle stand through flange behind flange before the cylinder and the cylinder, the ejector pin of cylinder passes lathe roof 7 and is connected with guard gate lifting plate, guard gate lifting plate is connected with the top of guard gate, guard gate and guard gate guide structure sliding connection, the guard gate can carry out the slip of vertical direction along guard gate guide structure, guard gate guide structure installs the front end at the Z axle stand. The above-mentioned protective door device is installed under the condition that every module is provided with 4Z axle stands. The cylinder provides power for opening and closing of the protective door device of each module. Specifically, the 3D printing module protective door device comprises a 3D printing module protective door 102, a 3D printing module protective door guide structure 160, a 3D printing module protective door lifting plate 105, a 3D printing module cylinder front connecting flange 163-3, a 3D printing module cylinder 163-2 and a 3D printing module cylinder rear connecting flange 163-1, wherein the 3D printing module cylinder front connecting flange 163-3, the 3D printing module cylinder 163-2 and the 3D printing module cylinder rear connecting flange 163-1 jointly form a 3D printing module protective door opening and closing power device 163, the 3D printing module protective door 102 is opened and closed by two 3D printing module cylinders 163-2 arranged at the rear end of a machine tool front Z-axis upright post, and is connected with the 3D printing module protective door 102 through the 3D printing module protective door lifting plate 105, 3D printing module guard gate guide structure 160 settles Z axle stand front end before the lathe, and through 3D printing module guard gate guide structure 160, 3D printing module guard gate 102 can realize the motion of vertical direction, is provided with 3D printing module guard gate glass 104 on the 3D printing module guard gate 102 to operating personnel observes manufacturing system internal state. The milling module protective door device comprises a milling module protective door 110, a milling module protective door guide structure 156, a milling module protective door lifting plate 108, a milling module cylinder front connecting flange 159-3, a milling module cylinder 159-2 and a milling module cylinder rear connecting flange 159-1, wherein the milling module cylinder front connecting flange 159-3, the milling module cylinder 159-2 and the milling module cylinder rear connecting flange 159-1 jointly form a milling module protective door opening and closing power device 159, the milling module protective door 110 opening and closing power is provided by two milling module cylinders 159-2 arranged at the rear end of a machine tool front Z-axis upright column, the milling module protective door lifting plate 108 is connected with the milling module protective door 110, the milling module protective door guide structure 156 is arranged at the front end of the machine tool front Z-axis upright column, and through the milling module protective door guide structure 156, the milling module protective door 110 can move in the vertical direction, and milling module protective door glass 109 is arranged on the milling module protective door 110 so that an operator can observe the internal state of the manufacturing system. The grinding module protective door device comprises a grinding module protective door 116, a grinding module protective door guide structure 152, a grinding module protective door lifting plate 113, a grinding module cylinder front connecting flange 155-3, a grinding module cylinder 155-2 and a grinding module cylinder rear connecting flange 155-1, wherein the grinding module cylinder front connecting flange 155-3, the grinding module cylinder 155-2 and the grinding module cylinder rear connecting flange 155-1 jointly form a grinding module protective door opening and closing power device 155, the grinding module protective door 116 opening and closing power is provided by two grinding module cylinders 155-2 arranged at the rear end of a machine tool front Z-axis upright post, the grinding module protective door lifting plate 113 is connected with the grinding module protective door 116 through the grinding module protective door, the grinding module protective door guide structure 152 is arranged at the front end of the machine tool front Z-axis upright post, and through the grinding module protective door guide structure 152, the grinding module protective door 116 can move in a vertical direction, and grinding module protective door glass 114 is arranged on the grinding module protective door 116 so that an operator can observe the internal state of the manufacturing system. The polishing module protective door device comprises a polishing module protective door 121, a polishing module protective door guide structure 148, a polishing module protective door lifting plate 117, a polishing module cylinder front connecting flange 151-3, a polishing module cylinder 151-2, a polishing module cylinder rear connecting flange 151-1, a polishing module cylinder front connecting flange 151-3, a polishing module cylinder 151-2 and a polishing module cylinder rear connecting flange 151-1 which jointly form a polishing module protective door opening and closing power device 151, the polishing module protective door 121 is opened and closed by two polishing module cylinders 151-2 arranged at the rear end of a machine tool front Z-axis upright post, the polishing module protective door lifting plate 117 is connected with the polishing module protective door 121, the polishing module protective door guide structure 148 is arranged at the front end of the machine tool front Z-axis upright post, and through the polishing module protective door guide structure 148, the polishing module protective door 121 can realize vertical movement, and polishing module protective door glass 120 is arranged on the polishing module protective door 121, so that an operator can observe the internal state of the manufacturing system.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, it can be seen from the ergonomic views when the guard door of the manufacturing system is not opened that the operator can easily operate and observe the internal state of the manufacturing system. According to the man-machine engineering drawing when the manufacturing system protective door is opened, an operator can conveniently take and place the workpiece 13 and can repair and maintain the manufacturing system. The invention realizes the comfort and the safety of the environment in which the operator is located in the processes of working, production and living activities, thereby ensuring the life safety, the body health, the comfort, the working efficiency and the like of the operator.

When the device is actually used, auxiliary devices such as a manufacturing system master controller 112, a sensing system, a laser, a powder feeder, a nano MQL device, an ultrasonic atomization spraying system, a lubricating system, a cooling system, an oil leakage recovery device, a powder collection device, an oil mist collection device, a machine tool alarm device, a drag chain device, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system, a lighting device, a camera device, an electric control cabinet and the like in the prior art can be added according to actual needs. The specific installation and function of these auxiliary devices is determined according to the specific needs of the user. For example, the general manufacturing system controller 112 can be used to realize comprehensive control of each processing module and other auxiliary devices to realize intelligent processing of the complex optical free-form surface workpiece 13, and the following control steps can be adopted: s1: the system is started, the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the 3D module gravity balance device to be started, the guiding precision of the Z axis of the 3D printing module is guaranteed, then the optical curved surface model input into the manufacturing system master controller 112 is printed, the online detection mechanical arm I33 carries out online detection on a printing molten pool, if the molten pool is detected to be qualified, printing is continued, if the detection is unqualified, the process parameters are changed to continue printing, after printing is finished, the online detection mechanical arm I33 detects the optical curved surface type, if the surface type is detected to be qualified, printing is finished, the workpiece clamp 9 clamps the optical curved surface part, and if the detection is unqualified, the process parameters are changed to continue printing; s2: the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34 to carry the workpiece clamp 9 and the optical curved surface part from the 3D printing module to the milling module through a carrying clamp, the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the gravity balance device II 16 to start, guiding precision of a Z axis of the milling module is guaranteed, then rough and fine milling is conducted on the optical curved surface part, the abrasion condition of the milling cutter is detected through the online detection mechanical arm II 36 according to the use condition of the cutter in the milling process, the milling cutter is replaced through the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34 and the milling cutter tool magazine 35, after the machining of each rough and fine milling stage is completed, the surface roughness of the optical curved surface part is detected through the online detection mechanical arm II 36, and process parameters are changed to process if the detection is unqualified; s3: the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm 39 to convey the workpiece clamp 9 and the optical curved surface part from the milling module to the grinding module through a conveying clamping hand, the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the gravity balancing device III 21 to start, the guiding precision of the Z axis of the grinding module is ensured, then the optical curved surface part is subjected to rough and fine grinding, the abrasion condition of the milling cutter is detected through the online detection mechanical arm III 41 according to the use condition of the grinding wheel in the grinding process, the grinding wheel is replaced by the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm 39 and the grinding wheel tool magazine 40, the grinding wheel is ground by the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm 39 and the grinding wheel grinder 42, after the processing of each stage of coarse grinding and fine grinding is finished, detecting the surface roughness of the optical curved surface part by using the online detection mechanical arm III 41, and changing process parameters for processing if the detection is unqualified until the fine grinding detection is qualified; s4: the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 to carry the workpiece clamp 9 and the optical curved surface part from the grinding module to the polishing module through a carrying gripper, the manufacturing system master controller 112 controls the gravity balancing device IV 27 to start, the guiding precision of the Z axis of the polishing module is ensured, then the optical curved surface part is subjected to rough and fine polishing, the manufacturing system master controller 112 reversely resolves the pose of the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm 51 according to the relative pose of the optical curved surface part and the polishing air bag in the polishing process, the polishing liquid is sprayed at the optimal spraying angle, the air bag abrasion condition is detected through the online detection mechanical arm IV 47 according to the air bag use condition in the polishing process, the air bag is replaced through the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 and the air bag cutter base 46, and the air bag is ground through the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 and the air bag grinder 48, after the rough polishing and the fine polishing are finished in each stage, the online detection mechanical arm IV 47 detects the surface roughness of the optical curved surface part, and if the detection is unqualified, the process parameters are changed for processing until the processing is finished after the fine polishing detection is qualified. Further examples of milling modules and grinding modules may employ nano MQL (minimum amount of lubrication) technology. And for example, ultrasonic devices can be added to each module to carry out ultrasonic manufacturing. For example, the manufacturing system is provided with the 3D printing module alarm device 106, and the manufacturing system master controller 112 transmits the 3D printing module abnormal signal obtained by the sensing system in the prior art to the 3D printing module alarm device 106 for alarming; the manufacturing system is provided with a milling module alarm device 111, and a manufacturing system master controller 112 transmits a milling module abnormal signal obtained by a sensing system to the milling module alarm device 111 for alarming; the manufacturing system is provided with a grinding module alarm device 115, and a manufacturing system master controller 112 transmits grinding module abnormal signals obtained by a sensing system to the grinding module alarm device 115 for alarming; the manufacturing system is provided with a polishing module alarm device 118, and the manufacturing system master controller 112 transmits the polishing module abnormal signal obtained by the sensing system to the polishing module alarm device 118 to alarm. Of course, other functions in the actual use process of the manufacturing system can also be controlled by the manufacturing system general controller 112 according to the circumstances, for example, the manufacturing system general controller 112 controls the opening and closing of each module protection door. For example, the 3D printing module is provided with a 3D printing module powder collecting device 125 to remove heat generated inside the manufacturing system, reduce thermal deformation of the manufacturing system, affect the processing precision, and also remove dust in the manufacturing system; the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module are correspondingly provided with a milling module oil mist collecting device 127, a grinding module oil mist collecting device 129 and a polishing module oil mist collecting device 131 so as to remove heat generated in the manufacturing system, reduce thermal deformation of the manufacturing system, influence processing precision and also remove oil mist in the manufacturing system. For example, through auxiliary devices such as material handling, on-line detection and processing tool replacement, the flexibility, automation and intellectualization of processing detection are realized.

When the invention is actually used, an artificial intelligence expert system can be additionally arranged, materials and process parameters are input into the expert system during each processing, the expert system records processing detection data and learns the processing detection data, and the process parameters are optimized through a calculation result of a learning algorithm, and a process flow chart after the expert system is additionally arranged is shown in figure 12.

When the invention is used, the invention needs to work under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity.

When the milling cutter replacing and polishing machine is used, a workpiece 13 is sequentially transferred among modules through the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34, the grinding wheel replacing and polishing mechanical arm 39 and the air bag replacing and polishing mechanical arm 45, is positioned through the zero point positioning system, and is sequentially processed on the modules through coordinate transformation, so that the processing precision is ensured. According to the invention, the distances among the four module working tables, the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm 34, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm 39 and the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm 45 are accurately positioned on the machine tool bottom plate 2 according to actual conditions, so as to ensure the realization of coordinate conversion.

When the invention is used, the structural materials of the manufacturing system body such as the base, the upright post, the top plate, the bottom plate, the lifting plate and the supporting plate can adopt natural granite, the materials are subjected to long-term natural aging, a machine tool adopting the materials has excellent structural stability and precision retentivity, and the materials have excellent vibration damping property and low thermal expansion coefficient and can meet the requirement of ultra-precision machining. The machine tool structural material can also be cast metal material, forged metal material or 3D printed metal material according to actual needs.

When the five-axis linkage machining device is used, the workbench with two rotation degrees of freedom can be converted into a fixed workbench, a dividing table, a single-rotation workbench, a rotation dividing workbench, an angle head, a single swing head, a swing angle head and a universal head, and the three-axis linkage machining device, the three-axis half-axis linkage machining device, the four-axis half-axis linkage machining device and the five-axis linkage machining device are changed into the five-axis linkage machining device.

When the three-dimensional printing module is used, the 3D printing module can adopt powder feeding laser printing, and the powder is metal powder or glass powder.

When the protective device is used, the protective device for the mechanical arm, the tool magazine and the coping device can be added to the inner protective system, and the X-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover, the Y-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover and the Z-axis guide rail sliding block protective cover can also be armor protective covers.

When the invention is used, each module and the combination of each module can be converted into independent equipment, and the structure of each module can be converted into other equipment with high rigidity and high precision such as a coordinate measuring machine, a press machine, a gantry machine tool and the like.

When the Z-axis motor lead screw mechanism is used, the Z-axis motor lead screw mechanisms added in each module can be converted into other driving modes such as four-point driving and the like of installing the Z-axis motor lead screw mechanisms in the Z-axis upright posts by single-point driving in the embodiment.

When the invention is used, the number and the arrangement form of the XYZ-axis guide rail slide blocks added into each module are determined by mechanical calculation.

When the invention is used, the cylinder and the oil cylinder can be replaced by power devices such as an electric cylinder and the like.

When the invention is used, the front lower side protection of the outer protection 3D printing module of the manufacturing system can be coated in red, the front lower side protection of the milling module can be coated in yellow, the front lower side protection of the grinding module can be coated in blue, the front lower side protection of the polishing module can be coated in green, and the rest can be coated in white. The protective door is designed in a modeling mode, the upper edge of the 3D printing module can be printed with 'increasing' characters, the upper edge of the milling module can be printed with 'milling' characters, the upper edge of the grinding module can be printed with 'grinding' characters, the upper edge of the polishing module can be printed with 'polishing' characters, and the protective door has good humanization, usability and fashion by using design methods such as ergonomics, coloristics and aesthetics.

In the embodiments disclosed in the present invention, only the structures related to the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are described, and other structures may refer to general designs.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims

1. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for the optical free-form surface is characterized by comprising a 3D printing module, a milling module, a grinding module and a polishing module which are sequentially arranged;

2. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for the optical free-form surface according to claim 1, further comprising a machine tool top plate, a machine tool base and a machine tool bottom plate, wherein the machine tool bottom plate is installed on the machine tool base, and the first Z-axis upright column, the first Y-axis guide mechanism and the first online detection mechanical arm of the 3D printing module are all installed on the machine tool bottom plate; a Z-axis upright post II of the milling module, a workbench II with two rotary degrees of freedom, a milling cutter tool magazine, an online detection mechanical arm II and a milling cutter replacement mechanical arm are all arranged on a machine tool bottom plate; a Z-axis upright post III of the grinding module, a workbench III with two rotation degrees of freedom, a grinding wheel tool magazine, a grinding wheel coping device, an online detection mechanical arm III and a grinding wheel replacement coping mechanical arm are all arranged on a machine tool bottom plate; a Z-axis upright post IV of the polishing module, a workbench IV with two rotary degrees of freedom, an air bag tool magazine, an air bag polishing device, an ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, an online detection mechanical arm IV and an air bag replacing and polishing mechanical arm are all arranged on a machine tool bottom plate; the machine tool top plate is arranged on the tops of the Z-axis upright post I, the Z-axis upright post II, the Z-axis upright post III and the Z-axis upright post IV; the gravity balance device I and the Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism I of the 3D printing module are both arranged on a top plate of the machine tool; a second gravity balance device of the milling module and a second Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism are both arranged on a top plate of the machine tool; a third gravity balance device of the grinding module and a third Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism are both arranged on a top plate of the machine tool; and the gravity balance device IV of the polishing module and the Z-axis motor screw rod mechanism IV are both arranged on the top plate of the machine tool.

3. The optical free-form ultra-precision flexible manufacturing system according to claim 2, wherein each of the 3D printing module, milling module, grinding module and polishing module is provided with at least two Z-axis posts; every Z axle stand divide into two or three spliced poles, and when the Z axle stand divided into two spliced poles, one of them spliced pole was provided with Z axle guide rail slider mounting groove, and another spliced pole is connected with the lathe roof, and concrete setting mode is: the upper part of the Z-axis upright post is divided into two parts to form two connecting posts, and the two connecting posts share the lower part of the Z-axis upright post at the same time, or two independent connecting posts are adopted; when the Z axle stand divide into three spliced pole, the spliced pole that is located both sides is provided with Z axle guide rail slider mounting groove, and the spliced pole that is located the centre is connected with the lathe roof, and concrete setting mode is: the upper part of the Z-axis upright column is divided into three parts to form three connecting columns, and the three connecting columns share the lower part of the Z-axis upright column, or three independent connecting columns are adopted; the connecting surface of the Z-axis upright post and the machine tool top plate is higher than the upper end surface of the Z-axis guide rail slide block mounting groove.

4. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for the optical free-form surface according to claim 2, wherein the 3D printing workbench, the workbench II with two rotational degrees of freedom, the workbench III with two rotational degrees of freedom, the workbench IV with two rotational degrees of freedom, the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm and the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm are precisely positioned on a bottom plate of the machine tool so as to ensure the realization of coordinate transformation of adjacent modules; the online detection mechanical arm I, the online detection mechanical arm II, the online detection mechanical arm III, the online detection mechanical arm IV, the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, the milling cutter tool magazine, the grinding wheel tool magazine, the air bag tool magazine, the grinding wheel coping device and the air bag coping device are accurately positioned on the bottom plate of the machine tool, and the realization of coordinate conversion in each module is guaranteed.

5. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system of an optical free-form surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the milling cutter replacing mechanical arm, the grinding wheel replacing and grinding mechanical arm, the air bag replacing and grinding mechanical arm, the ultrasonic spraying mechanical arm, the first online detection mechanical arm, the second online detection mechanical arm, the third online detection mechanical arm and the fourth online detection mechanical arm are respectively a 4-degree-of-freedom SCARA type robot, a 4-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, a 5-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot, a 6-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot or a 7-degree-of-freedom tandem type robot.

6. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system of the optical free-form surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a laser interference probe is installed at the front end of the on-line detection mechanical arm and is used for detecting the condition of a molten pool in the 3D printing process and detecting the surface shape precision of the 3D printed optical free-form surface; the front end of the online detection mechanical arm II is provided with a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device which are used for cleaning and air-drying the milled optical free-form surface, detecting the surface shape precision and detecting the abrasion condition of the milling cutter in the milling process; the front end of the online detection mechanical arm III is provided with a laser interference measuring head and a cleaning and air-drying device which are used for cleaning and air-drying the ground optical free-form surface and detecting the surface shape precision, and detecting the abrasion condition of the grinding wheel in the grinding process; the laser interference measuring head and the cleaning and air-drying device are installed at the four front ends of the online detection mechanical arm and are used for cleaning, air-drying and surface shape precision detection after the optical free-form surface is polished, and the abrasion condition of the polishing air bag in the polishing process is detected.

7. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system of the optical free-form surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first gravity balance device, the second gravity balance device, the third gravity balance device and the fourth gravity balance device respectively comprise an oil cylinder, an oil cylinder connecting flange, a connecting bolt and a connecting nut, the oil cylinder is connected with a top plate of a machine tool through the oil cylinder connecting flange, and a piston rod of the oil cylinder is connected with the Z-axis lifting plate through the connecting bolt and the connecting nut.

8. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system for optical free-form surfaces according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the axes of the grinding spindle assembly and the grinding spindle connecting flange are at an angle of 45 °.

9. The ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system of an optical free-form surface according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the milling module, the grinding module and the polishing module are all provided with a waste liquid collecting tank, the waste liquid collecting tank is mounted on a machine tool bottom plate, and the waste liquid collecting tank is provided with a waste liquid collecting hole for recovering waste liquid.

10. The optical free-form ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the optical free-form ultra-precise flexible manufacturing system further comprises a shield system comprising an inner shield system and an outer shield system; the internal protection system comprises a 3D printing module internal protection system, a milling module internal protection system, a grinding module internal protection system and a polishing module internal protection system; the outer protection system comprises a manufacturing system left side protection cover, a manufacturing system right side protection cover, a 3D printing module rear side protection cover, a milling module rear side protection cover, a grinding module rear side protection cover, a polishing module rear side protection cover, a 3D printing module front lower side protection cover, a milling module front lower side protection cover, a grinding module front lower side protection cover, a polishing module front lower side protection cover, a 3D printing module protection door device, a milling module protection door device, a grinding module protection door device and a polishing module protection door device.