CN1110403C - 制成混凝土块体的方法和装置 - Google Patents

制成混凝土块体的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1110403C
CN1110403C CN97191767A CN97191767A CN1110403C CN 1110403 C CN1110403 C CN 1110403C CN 97191767 A CN97191767 A CN 97191767A CN 97191767 A CN97191767 A CN 97191767A CN 1110403 C CN1110403 C CN 1110403C
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麦克·拉扎
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Abstract

一种制成混凝土块体的方法和装置,具体地为(并不仅限于)具有反射面饰部分的合成块体。该块体由干铸技术结合施加一压实力而制成的,包括以下步骤:预制一基部混合物,其水/水泥的比例小于或基本等于0.35;将所述基部混合物倒入一模具中;将一面饰混合物倒入所述模具中,所述面饰混合物中水/水泥比例在0.28至0.35之间;施加压实力同时压缩所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物;以及在所述面饰混合物中提供反射材料。这样所制成的块体可符合BS6717:部分1:1993所提出的对挤压强度的要求。

Description

制成混凝土块体的方法和装置
发明领域
本发明涉及一种用于制成混凝土块体、具体地为(但不仅限于)一种具有一基部和反射面饰部的结构块体的方法和装置。
在说明书和权利要求书全文中所采用的“块体”一词是指、例如一街道的路边镶边石、道路隔离件以及整体或局部由混凝土构成的铺路石或类似基材。
技术背景
在GB2159556A中揭示了一种结构块体。这种块体包括一基部和一反射面饰部,并且是通过将一基部混合料和反射面饰混合料放在一模具中并且挤压以排除多余的水份而制成的。
在GB2200936中揭示了另一种镶边石形式的混凝土块体。这种镶边石含有反射材料并且是通过将反射材料与流体状混凝土随意混合、或者当镶边石局部固化时将这种材料压缩混凝土中而制成的。
这两种已知的混凝土块体都是通过一湿铸技术而制成的,并且固化块体需要相当一段时间,如三天。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于制成块体的方法和装置,它可采用一种干铸技术。就本人所知,干铸技术从来没有用于镶边石的原因在于:一般认为干铸技术会使块体的强度和耐久力差,并且由伦敦英国不列颠标准协会公布的不列颠标准BS7263:部分1:1990中规定为了满足镶边石的要求需使用湿铸方法。然而,与一压实步骤结合本发明就可采用干铸技术,从而所制成的块体能够满足BS6717:部分1:1993的要求。
根据本发明提供了一种制成混凝土块体的干铸方法,包括以下步骤:预制一基部混合物,其水/水泥的比例小于或基本等于0.35;将所述基部混合物倒入一模具中,并通过施加振动力挤压混合物;其特征在于,在施加压实力之前,将一面饰混合物倒入所述模具中以使所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物同时被压缩;以及在施加压实力之前,压实所述基部混合物以形成由所述基部混合物和所述模具构成的凹槽,并将所述面饰混合物倒入凹槽中。
较佳地,还包括在压实步骤之前,在所述基部混合物和面饰混合物之间放入一种粘合剂。
较佳地,所述面饰混合物包括反射材料。
较佳地,在压实之前,在所述面饰混合物的表面上放置反射材料。
较佳地,在施加压实力之前,所述基部混合物受到振动作用以使模具充满并加强随后的压实作用。
较佳地,预制基部混合物的步骤包括将水泥与直径不超过9毫米花岗石屑、直径不超过5毫米的沙粒混合,以加强块体的粘结性能。
根据本发明还提供了一种按前述方法制成混凝土块体的装置,包括:一混合装置,用于将一基部混合物和一面饰混合物混合;一模具装置,包括一模具和用于容纳所述基部混的和所述面饰混合物并所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物送入所述模具的进料装置;以及一夯锤装置,用于对保持在所述模具中的混合物施加压实力。
较佳地,所述模具装置包括一振动装置,用于使所述模具振动以加强随后的压实作用。
较佳地,所述夯锤装置用于施加震动压实力。
较佳地,所述进料装置包括两个分别保持所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物的部分,所述进料装置布置成所述两个部分位于所述模具的相对侧上,并且交替地在所述模具上方移动以分别将所述基部混合物和面饰混合物调配在所述模具中。
附图说明
以下仅以举例方式并参考附图对本发明进行更充分的描述,其中:
图1是一混合装置的立体图;
图2是一模具装置的立体图;
图3a是一结构块体的等轴图;
图3b是图3a中块体的侧视图;
图3c是图3a和3b所示块体的平面图;以及
图4是一立体图,示出了用于使根据本发明所制成的块体成批处理的装置的局部。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示的是一混合装置,并有一输送装置2,该输送装置用于将成分原料输送到混合装置中。
输送装置2包括多个布置成将成分原料分配到一主传送装置8上的料斗3至7,该传送装置8将原料传送到一料车9中。该料车9本身设置成可沿一轨道10移动,该轨道可使料车到达其顶端11以将原料卸在混合装置1的一输入料斗12中。在料斗中的原料或是传送到用于基部混合物的第一个混合装置13中,或者传送到用于面饰混合物的第二混合装置14中。
在一种生产方式中,料斗2,3和5分别装有花岗石屑、矿沙和细沙。料斗6可装有硅沙,料斗7可装有玻璃珠。然后用于基部混合物的成分原料可以通过从料斗3至5中调配预定量的碎屑和沙而获得,并且藉由传送装置8和料车9将其传送到用于基部混合物的混合装置13中。用于面饰混合物的成分原料也可以类似地从料斗5至7中调配预定量的原料并且将其送入用于面饰混合物的混合装置14中。
基部混合物最好包括以下成分:
原料名称                           数量
普通水泥                            重量为20%的沙和填充料
0.1-3毫米的细沙                     08%
0.4-0.5毫米的沙                     60%
5-9毫米花岗石屑                     32%
添加剂                              水泥重量的2-3%
水/水泥比例                         30公斤
面饰混合物最好包括以下成分,包括用于在块体上形成不小于8毫米的合成层的反射成分:
原料名称                           数量
硅沙                                50%
0.1-3毫米的细沙                     10%
白色碎屑                            10%
白色水泥                            30%
白色颜料(二氧化钛)                  水泥重量的5-7%
或黄色颜料                          水泥重量的7-9%
或红色颜料                          水泥重量的5-7%
250-800微米的玻璃球                 总混合物的20%-35%
添加剂或粘结剂                      水泥重量的5%
水/水泥比例                         30公斤(0.28-0.35)
未由料斗3至7所提供的水泥、水和其它成分原料可由自动或人工地直接添加在混合装置中。
输送装置和混合装置的操作最好交替地生产基部混合物或面饰混合物。当基部混合物或面饰混合物的混合完成时,合成混合物卸入一斗式提升机15中,该斗式提升机用于在混合装置的出口(未示)和图2所示的模具装置20之间运动。作为斗式提升机的另一种形式,可用(胶)皮带式传送装置来代替,或者混合装置布置成将混合物直接卸到模具装置中。
模具装置20包括一进料机构21、一夯锤装置22和一模具23。该进料机构21包括两个位于夯锤装置22一液压驱动锤头26任一侧的两个进料斗24、25,而夯锤装置位于模具23上方。进料机构还包括一位于各个料斗24、25下方的托盘部27、28。托盘部由铰链臂30、31互连到模具装置20的框架29上,可使托盘部27、28从模具上方的卸料位置滑到各自料斗24、25下方的横置位置上。
操作时,斗式提升机15从混合装置1运动到模具装置20处,并且根据由斗式提升机所装载的混合物而位于进料料斗24或25上方。一闸门机构26在斗式提升机底部驱动以将混合物卸入各料斗中。然后,混合物调配到相关的托盘部27、28上,该托盘接下来滑到模具上而将混合物卸入模具。
模具装置还具有一振动装置(未示),驱动之可对模具施以振动以有助于使模具充满并且进一步压实。然后,锤头下降到模具中以在一定程度上将基部混合物压实以在模具顶部和基部混合物之间留出约15毫米的空腔。填充过程、振动和初始压实约需10秒才完成。然后锤头上升,并且先前已卸入托盘部28的面饰混合物与反射材料一起置于基部混合物顶部。如果需要,在添加面饰混合物之前,可在空腔中放入添加剂和其它粘合剂。锤头再次下降并且施加一振动压实力以挤压基部和面饰混合物。操作锤头的液压机构以提供最高达每秒3,600rpm的简谐振动,并且在块体混合物上施加120巴的最大挤压力。用面饰混合物填充模具需进行约4秒,接下来压实约持续4-6秒。因而模具装置每分钟能够进行大约五个工作循环。
合成块体以图3所示形式脱模,并且所压实的基部厚度’T’(例如)约为80毫米,面饰部33厚度’t’不小于10毫米。块体’L’的长度约为200毫米,宽度’W’约为100毫米,当然根据需要具体轮廓和块体的尺寸可以改变。
块体可以直接脱模到一托板37上,如图4所示,藉由传送装置可传送到一支架上,以便由铲车运走,而放在一固化腔中。固化需要8至12小时,然后块体将变得足够硬以便处理和包装。通过将托板在一夹紧装置38底部传送可方便地进行包装,该夹紧装置可从四个相对侧面将块体夹在一起,这样块体可紧密地位于位置39处以便粘结和随后的包装。
可以理解,上述的操作方式是以一自动化程序描述的。然而,任何制造步骤都可由人工取代。而且,模具和夯锤可以制造成在一个工作循环内制成一个块体或多个块体。块体的形状和轮廓可以是用户规定的,这样该装置可生产用于多个不同目的的块体。例如,根据本发明所制成的反射块体可用作道路中的方向箭头、隔离线、双黄色或白色线、道路界线、数字或词句标示、镶边石或铺路石,并且可以根据任何需要制成白色、黄色或红色。如果需要的话,块体也可不同反射材料制成。
然而,采用干铸技术与压实技术结合所制成的块体的最显著优点在于:与湿铸技术相比,由于它可显著地缩短固化时间,并且可遵守BS6717:部分1:1993所提出的挤压强度要求,从而可提高生产速度和效率。
最后,可以理解本发明构思还可以有许多不同的结构,这样前文所作描述的一般原则并不能由具体附图所替代。只要不脱离本发明的实质或范围,本发明还可以多种变化、变型和/或其它结构形式。

Claims (10)

1.一种制成混凝土块体的干铸方法,包括以下步骤:
预制一基部混合物,其水/水泥的比例小于或基本等于0.35;
将所述基部混合物倒入一模具中,并通过施加振动力挤压混合物;其特征在于,
在施加压实力之前,将一面饰混合物倒入所述模具中以使所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物同时被压缩;以及
在施加压实力之前,压实所述基部混合物以形成由所述基部混合物和所述模具构成的凹槽,并将所述面饰混合物倒入凹槽中。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括在压实步骤之前,在所述基部混合物和面饰混合物之间放入一种粘合剂。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述面饰混合物包括反射材料。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在压实之前,在所述面饰混合物的表面上放置反射材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在施加压实力之前,所述基部混合物受到振动作用以使模具充满并加强随后的压实作用。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,预制基部混合物的步骤包括将水泥与直径不超过9毫米花岗石屑、直径不超过5毫米的沙粒混合,以加强块体的粘结性能。
7.一种按权利要求1所述方法的制成混凝土块体的装置,包括:
一混合装置,用于将一基部混合物和一面饰混合物混合;
一模具装置,包括一模具和用于容纳所述基部混的和所述面饰混合物并所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物送入所述模具的进料装置;以及
一夯锤装置,用于对保持在所述模具中的混合物施加压实力。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述模具装置包括一振动装置,用于使所述模具振动以加强随后的压实作用。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述夯锤装置用于施加震动压实力。
10.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述进料装置包括两个分别保持所述基部混合物和所述面饰混合物的部分,所述进料装置布置成所述两个部分位于所述模具的相对侧上,并且交替地在所述模具上方移动以分别将所述基部混合物和面饰混合物调配在所述模具中。
CN97191767A 1996-11-20 1997-11-20 制成混凝土块体的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1110403C (zh)

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