CN111038026A - Flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111038026A
CN111038026A CN201911166806.7A CN201911166806A CN111038026A CN 111038026 A CN111038026 A CN 111038026A CN 201911166806 A CN201911166806 A CN 201911166806A CN 111038026 A CN111038026 A CN 111038026A
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layer
flame
retardant
fabric
heat
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朱方龙
冯倩倩
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Huizhou University
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Huizhou University
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/130969 priority patent/WO2021104221A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/02—Layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
    • A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/32—Retroreflective
    • A41D31/325—Retroreflective using layered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
    • B32B2038/008—Sewing, stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00—Clothing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric and a preparation method thereof. The composite fabric comprises a flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a comfort layer from top to bottom in sequence; the flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer is formed by compounding a base cloth layer and a functional film layer; the functional film layer is a high-temperature resistant polymer film hybridized with heat reflection nano particles; the base cloth layer is a blended machine fabric of organic high-temperature resistant fibers and common flame retardant fibers or a common flame retardant woven fabric; the first heat insulation layer is a blended fabric layer of intrinsic flame-retardant fibers and high-heat-shrinkage fibers; the second heat insulation layer is a phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer; the comfortable layer is a sticky cover polyester moisture-conducting woven fabric layer. The composite fabric has multiple functions of flame retardance, metal droplet resistance, burn-through resistance and heat insulation, and can be directly used for preparing protective clothing for high-temperature operation. The preparation method of the invention firstly prepares each layer of fabric, and then obtains the integral composite fabric by quilting.

Description

Flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safe thermal protection fabrics, in particular to a flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Background
People in high-temperature operation industries such as fire fighting, petrochemical industry, industrial furnaces and kilns need to wear protective clothing with flame-retardant and fire-resistant burn-through performance, and the clothing requires higher heat reflectivity on the surface; the welding and metal smelting high-temperature protective clothing also has certain metal droplet impact resistance so as to protect the safety of operators.
Generally, fabrics used as high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant clothes are woven by high-temperature-resistant organic fibers, or fabrics are subjected to flame retardant treatment by using a flame retardant to obtain flame-retardant functional fabrics. However, the fabric prepared by the two methods only has certain flame retardance, is not insulated and cannot realize the function of resisting metal droplet impact.
Therefore, in order to improve the performance of the fabric for resisting the molten metal dripping, the existing welding and smelting protective clothing is made of multi-fiber blended fabric or materials such as film pasting or aluminum coating on the fabric and leather so as to prevent a human body from being burnt by molten metal, sparks and high temperature, for example, patent CN 10760751B discloses a flame-retardant, fireproof and metal dripping-proof aramid fabric which comprises an outer layer, a middle heat-insulating layer and an inner layer, wherein the outer layer is made of meta-aramid, modacrylic fiber and flame-retardant gel fiber raw materials, but the fabric cannot achieve the purpose of preventing high-temperature radiation heat. In addition, the high-temperature resistant clothes realize the heat insulation function through multilayer superposition or surface layer metallization modification, for example, the existing fire-fighting heat insulation clothes and steel smelting heat resistant clothes reflect radiant heat by covering a layer of high-reflectivity aluminum foil on the surface of flame-retardant base cloth, so that the problems that the composite fabric is not moisture permeable and air impermeable, the wearing comfort is poor, the aluminum foil is easy to peel off and drop after being heated and the like are caused, and the defects that the aluminum foil is flammable and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal-droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric aiming at the defects or shortcomings in the prior art. The composite fabric has multiple functions of flame retardance, metal droplet resistance, burn-through resistance and heat radiation reflection, has good moisture permeability, and can be directly used for preparing protective clothing for high-temperature operation so as to protect the safety of operators.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric sequentially comprises a flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, a first heat-insulating layer, a second heat-insulating layer and a comfort layer from top to bottom;
the flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer is composed of a base cloth layer and a functional film layer compounded on the base cloth layer; the functional film layer is a high-temperature resistant polymer film hybridized with heat reflection nano particles; the base cloth layer is a blended machine fabric of organic high-temperature resistant fibers and common flame retardant fibers or a common flame retardant woven fabric;
the first heat insulation layer is a blended fabric layer of intrinsic flame-retardant fibers and high-heat-shrinkage fibers; the second heat insulation layer is a phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer; the comfortable layer is a sticky cover polyester moisture-conducting woven fabric layer.
Preferably, the heat reflective nanoparticles are selected from SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2And ZnO nanoparticles.
Preferably, the hybridization amount of the heat reflective nanoparticles is 2-15 wt%.
Preferably, the high temperature resistant polymer film is selected from a PMIA (poly (m-phenyleneisophthalamide)) film or a polyimide film.
More preferably, the adopted heat reflection nanoparticles are subjected to surface modification treatment by using JL-G02FX type amine-terminated polyol ester filler modifier and JL-G02FL-1 ultra-dispersed coupling modifier, specifically:
adding 100 parts of heat reflection nano powder and 1-2.5 parts of JL-G02FX type amino-terminated polyol ester filler modifier into water, uniformly mixing, and placing in an oil bath magnetic stirrer to mix for 15min at a high speed at 130 ℃; then adding JL-G02FL-1 dispersant with the same amount as the JL-G02FX type amine-terminated polyol ester filler modifier, and continuously mixing at high speed until the water is removed; putting the powder into a drying oven, drying for 2-3h at 90 ℃ to ensure that the powder is completely dried, and then ball-milling into nano powder.
Preferably, in the blended woven fabric of the organic high-temperature resistant fibers and the common flame retardant fibers, the blending proportion of the organic high-temperature resistant fibers is 25-65%.
Preferably, the organic high temperature resistant fiber is selected from polysulfonamide fiber, para-aramid fiber or polyimide fiber.
Preferably, the common flame-retardant fiber is selected from flame-retardant viscose fiber, flame-retardant modal fiber or modified acrylic fiber.
Preferably, the common flame-retardant woven fabric is a woven fabric formed by weaving common cotton or viscose, and the woven fabric is prepared by flame-retardant post-finishing.
Preferably, the woven fabric texture of the base fabric layer adopts a three-centimeter weave structure, the yarn specification is 30-50s/2, and the basis weight of the fabric is 140-260g/m2。
Preferably, the functional film layer and the base cloth layer are compounded in a laminating or electrostatic spinning coating mode.
Preferably, the thickness of the functional film layer is 50 μm to 150 μm.
Preferably, the gram weight of the blended fabric layer of the intrinsic type flame-retardant fiber and the high-heat-shrinkage fiber is 200-260g/m2。
Preferably, the blend of the intrinsic flame retardant fiber and the high heat shrinkage fiber is 95:5-80: 20.
Preferably, the intrinsic flame-retardant fiber is one or more than two blended fibers selected from polysulfonamide fiber, aramid fiber and polyimide fiber.
Preferably, the high heat shrinkage fiber is selected from high shrinkage polyester fiber or high shrinkage polyacrylonitrile fiber.
Under the high temperature condition, after the blended fabric layer of the intrinsic flame retardant fibers and the high-heat-shrinkage fibers is heated, the high-heat-shrinkage fibers in the blended fabric layer shrink, so that the blended fabric becomes fluffy, the pore content is increased, and the heat insulation performance of the whole fabric is improved.
Preferably, the phase-change flame-retardant fabric is obtained by performing phase-change flame-retardant impregnation and finishing on a fabric woven by blending and spinning phase-change fibers and anti-pilling acrylic fibers; the phase change fiber is selected from viscose-based phase change fiber or acrylic fiber-based phase change fiber.
More preferably, the blending ratio of the phase change fibers to the anti-pilling acrylic fibers is 75: 25.
More preferably, the phase-change flame-retardant after-finishing is to dip the woven fabric into the phase-change flame-retardant finishing liquid and dip and roll the flame retardant on the fabric through a two-dip and two-roll process.
Preferably, the woven fabric weave structure of the sticky cover polyester wet-conducting woven fabric layer is a double-layer weave; the surface warp or the surface weft of the double-weave is made of flame-retardant viscose fiber, and the weft and the inner warp or the warp and the inner weft are both made of polyester filament yarns.
The method for preparing the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively manufacturing the flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, the first heat insulation layer, the second heat insulation layer and the comfort layer;
(2) quilting the flame-retardant heat reflection protective outer layer, the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer to form an integral functional layer;
(3) and quilting the integral functional layer and the comfortable layer, and performing superposition cutting to obtain the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the composite fabric has multiple functions of flame retardance, metal droplet resistance, burn-through resistance and heat radiation reflection, can be directly used for preparing protective clothing for high-temperature operation, and effectively protects the safety of operators by virtue of the flame retardance and heat reflection functions of the surface layer and the double-layer efficient heat insulation function; but also can effectively conduct moisture and perspire, has good moisture permeability and good wearing comfort.
The flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer is formed by compounding a functional film layer and a base cloth layer, the functional film layer is coated on the outer surface of the integral composite fabric, and the functional film layer adopts a high-temperature-resistant polymer film hybridized with heat reflection nano particles, so that the flame-retardant property and the radiation heat reflection capability of the base cloth can be improved, and the effects of flame burning-through resistance and flame spread resistance can be achieved, so that the integral composite fabric has good flame-retardant and heat radiation reflection effects; the first heat insulation layer is a blended fabric layer of the intrinsic flame-retardant fibers and the high-heat-shrinkage fibers, and after the blended fabric layer of the intrinsic flame-retardant fibers and the high-heat-shrinkage fibers is heated under a high-temperature condition, the high-heat-shrinkage fibers shrink, so that the blended fabric becomes fluffy, the pore content is increased, the heat insulation performance of the whole fabric is improved, and the heat insulation protective clothing is very suitable for being worn in a working environment with high-temperature radiation and melting splashing; a second heat insulation layer is arranged between the first heat insulation layer and the comfort layer, and is a phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer, so that heat transferred from the external high-temperature environment can be absorbed and stored, the heat transferred to the comfort layer is reduced, and the heat insulation performance of the whole fabric is further improved; the comfortable layer is the viscose lid and is washed the wet machine of leading and weave the precoat, has good wet effect of leading and perspiring, and the sweat that human skin produced can in time be derived and by rapid evaporation, realizes leading wet, dry and comfortable effect, effectively improves the snugness of fit, and wherein viscose fiber and polyester fiber are flame retardant fiber, can further improve whole composite fabric's heat-proof quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant, metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the attached drawings are marked as follows: 1-flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, 11-functional film layer, 12-base cloth layer, 2-first heat insulation layer, 3-second heat insulation layer and 4-comfort layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the scope and implementation of the present invention are not limited thereto. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention adopts terms such as "upper", "lower", "first", "second", etc. to describe, it should be understood that these indicated orientations or sequence relationships are based on the orientations or position relationships shown in the drawings, or the orientations or position relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when using, or are used for distinguishing descriptions, and are only for convenience of describing and simplifying the present invention, but not for indicating or implying that the indicated structures must have specific orientations or sequences, and therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention, and they should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal-droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric is shown. The composite fabric sequentially comprises a flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer 1, a first heat insulation layer 2, a second heat insulation layer 3 and a comfort layer 4 from top to bottom. An integral functional structural layer is quilted between the flame-retardant heat-reflecting outer layer 1 and the first heat-insulating layer 2 and the second heat-insulating layer 3, and an integral composite fabric is quilted between the integral functional structural layer and the comfort layer 4.
The flame-retardant heat-reflecting outer layer 1 is composed of a base fabric layer 12 and a functional film layer 11 laminated on the base fabric layer 12, and the functional film layer 11 is laminated or electrostatically coated on the upper surface of the base fabric layer 12. The functional film layer 11 is a high-temperature-resistant polymer film hybridized with heat-reflecting nano particles; the base fabric layer 12 is a blended machine fabric of organic high-temperature resistant fibers and common flame retardant fibers, or a common flame retardant woven fabric.
The first heat insulation layer 2 is a blended fabric layer of intrinsic flame-retardant fibers and high-heat-shrinkage fibers; the second heat insulation layer 3 is a phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer; the comfortable layer 4 is a sticky cover polyester moisture-conducting woven fabric layer.
The composite fabric has multiple functions of flame retardance, metal droplet resistance, burn-through resistance and heat radiation reflection, can be directly used for preparing protective clothing for high-temperature operation, and effectively protects the safety of operators by virtue of the flame retardance and heat reflection functions of the surface layer and the double-layer efficient heat insulation function; but also can effectively conduct moisture and perspire, has good moisture permeability and good wearing comfort. In addition, the composite fabric can also be used for industrial heat-insulating textiles such as outdoor tents, canopies, roofing heat-insulating canopies and the like.
Example 1
The flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric of the embodiment sequentially comprises a flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a comfort layer from top to bottom.
The flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer is formed by compounding a base cloth layer and a functional film layer. Wherein the base cloth layer is a common flame-retardant all-cotton fabric with the gram weight of 200g/m2(ii) a The functional film layer is hybridized with SiO2A PIMA film of nanoparticles.
The first heat insulation layer is a blended fabric of aramid fiber and high-shrinkage polyester fiber, and the gram weight of the blended fabric is 220g/m2(ii) a The second heat insulation layer is a phase change flame retardant heat insulation layer which is formed by performing phase change flame retardant post-finishing on the blended fabric of the phase change acrylic fibers and the acrylic fibers; the comfortable layer is a sticky cover polyester moisture-conducting woven fabric layer,the weave structure of the woven fabric is a double weave, the surface weft of the double weave is flame-retardant viscose fiber, and the warp and the inner weft are polyester filament yarns.
The preparation method of the flame-retardant, heat-insulation, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacture of flame-retardant heat reflection protective outer layer
(1-1) adopting a common all-cotton fabric (the woven fabric tissue adopts a three-centimeter weave structure, the yarn specification is 40s/2, and the gram weight of the fabric is 200g/m2) Is used as base cloth, and the Prussian-benzene flame-retardant cloth is obtained by a Prussian-benzene process and is used as the base cloth of the flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer.
(1-2) doping the thermal reflective SiO by electrostatic spinning2PMIA solution system of nano particles is deposited on a base cloth
Firstly preparing PMIA spinning solution, and then adopting SiO2Preparation of SiO by nanoparticles2Sol; then, the aged SiO2Adding the sol into the prepared PMIA spinning solution, and stirring at high speed for 1.5h to obtain SiO with the mass fraction of 15%2A hybrid sol spinning solution.
The solution flow rate is 2ml/h, the voltage is 20kV and the receiving distance is 20cm, and SiO is added2And (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the surface of the base fabric layer by using the hybrid sol spinning solution, wherein the spinning coating thickness is 80 mu m, and thus obtaining the functional membrane layer.
And before electrostatic spinning, the base fabric is subjected to electrostatic spraying of 3M aerosol to form an adhesive agent layer, so that the adhesive force between the electrospinning functional film layer and the base fabric layer is increased.
In this example, for the preparation of SiO2Sol SiO2The nano particles are subjected to surface modification treatment by adopting JL-G02FX type amino-terminated polyol ester filler modifier and JL-G02FL-1 ultra-dispersed coupling modifier, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1-21) mixing 100 parts of SiO2Adding water into the powder and 2 parts of JL-G02FX type amino-terminated polyol ester filler modifier, uniformly mixing, and placing in an oil bath magnetic stirrer to be mixed for 15min at a high speed at 130 ℃;
(1-22) adding JL-G02FL-1 dispersant in an amount equal to that of the JL-G02FX type amine-terminated polyol ester filler modifier, and continuously mixing at high speed until water is removed;
(1-23) placing the powder in an oven, drying for 2 hours at 90 ℃ to ensure that the powder is completely dried, and then ball-milling the powder into nano powder to obtain the SiO powder prepared by the embodiment2SiO of sol2Nanoparticles.
(2) Manufacture of first heat-insulating layer
The aramid fiber and the high-shrinkage polyester fiber are manufactured into woven fabrics by a textile process (the blending proportion of the aramid fiber is 80 percent, the blending proportion of the high-shrinkage polyester fiber is 20 percent), and the gram weight is 220g/m2。
(3) Manufacture of the second thermal insulation layer
The phase-change acrylic fiber and the anti-pilling acrylic fiber are manufactured into the phase-change fabric through a textile process (the blending ratio of the phase-change acrylic fiber is 75 percent, and the blending ratio of the anti-pilling acrylic fiber is 25 percent), and then the phosphorus-nitrogen expansion flame retardant is padded on the fabric through a two-dipping and two-rolling process to form the phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer.
(4) Making of comfort layers
Spinning the viscose fiber and the polyester fiber into a woven fabric by adopting a spinning mode of a double-weave, wherein the surface weft of the double-weave is the viscose fiber, and the warp and the inner weft are polyester filaments.
(5) Finally, integral quilting is carried out
(5-1) quilting the flame-retardant heat reflection protective outer layer, the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer to form an integral functional layer;
and (5-2) quilting, superposing and cutting the integral functional layer and the comfortable layer to obtain the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric.
The prepared flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric can be directly applied to the manufacture of heat-insulating protective clothing.
The composite fabric prepared by the embodiment meets the requirement of A-level protection grade of flame-retardant welding clothes, the afterflame and smoldering time is less than 2s, and no melting and dripping occur; molten metal resistance (by 15 drops of molten metalAfter impact) is 20K, the temperature of the sample rises, and the thermal protection coefficient reaches 756kW S/m2。
Example 2
The flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric of the embodiment sequentially comprises a flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a comfort layer from top to bottom.
The flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer is formed by compounding a base cloth layer and a functional film layer. Wherein the base cloth layer is a blended fabric of intrinsic aramid flame-retardant fiber and flame-retardant viscose fiber, and the gram weight of the blended fabric is 240g/m2(ii) a The functional film layer is a polyimide film hybridized with ZnO nano particles.
The first heat insulation layer is a blended fabric of aramid fiber and high-shrinkage polyester fiber, and the gram weight of the blended fabric is 220g/m2(ii) a The second heat insulation layer is a phase change flame retardant heat insulation layer which is formed by performing phase change flame retardant post-finishing on the blended fabric of the phase change acrylic fibers and the acrylic fibers; the comfortable layer is a viscose cover polyester wet-conducting woven fabric layer, the weave structure of the woven fabric is a double-weave, the surface warp of the double-weave is flame-retardant viscose fiber, and the weft and the inner warp are polyester filament yarns.
The preparation method of the flame-retardant, heat-insulation, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacture of flame-retardant heat reflection protective outer layer
(1-1) adopting an intrinsic aramid flame-retardant fiber and flame-retardant viscose blended fabric (the woven fabric tissue adopts a three-centimeter weave structure, the blending proportion of the intrinsic aramid flame-retardant fiber is 65 percent, the yarn specification is 45s/2, and the gram weight of the fabric is 240g/m2) Is a base cloth as the outer layer of the flame-retardant heat reflection.
(1-2) adopting an electrostatic spinning method to deposit a polyamide acid (PAA) solution system doped with heat reflection ZnO nano particles on a base cloth
Firstly, preparing PAA silk solution, and then preparing ZnO sol by using ZnO nanoparticles; and then adding the aged ZnO sol into the prepared PAA spinning solution, and stirring at a high speed for 2 hours to obtain the ZnO hybrid sol spinning solution with the mass fraction of 10%.
And (3) performing electrostatic spinning on the surface of the base fabric by using the hybrid sol spinning solution with the solution flow rate of 2ml/h, the voltage of 20kV and the receiving distance of 15cm, wherein the spinning coating thickness is 100 mu m, and thus obtaining the functional film layer.
Imidizing the PAA in a thermal conversion furnace (the thermal conversion temperature is 180-200 ℃, and the thermal conversion time is more than 2 h), and finally dehydrating and cyclizing to generate the multilayer polyimide hybrid fiber membrane.
Uncovering the polyimide hybrid fiber membrane, and laminating and bonding the polyimide hybrid fiber membrane with fabric base cloth; and, before lamination, the base fabric is electrostatically sprayed with 3M aerosol to form an adhesive agent layer to improve the adhesive force between the functional film layer and the base fabric layer.
In this embodiment, JL-G02FX type amine terminated polyol ester filler modifier and JL-G02FL-1 ultra-dispersed coupling modifier are used for surface modification treatment to prepare ZnO sol ZnO nanoparticles, and specifically include the following steps:
(1-21) adding 100 parts of ZnO powder and 1.5 parts of JL-G02FX type amino-terminated polyol ester filler modifier into water, uniformly mixing, and placing in an oil bath magnetic stirrer to mix for 18min at a high speed at 120 ℃;
(1-22) adding JL-G02FL-1 dispersant in an amount equal to that of the JL-G02FX type amine-terminated polyol ester filler modifier, and continuously mixing at high speed until water is removed;
(1-23) putting the powder in an oven, drying for 3 hours at 90 ℃ to ensure that the powder is completely dried, and then ball-milling the powder into nano powder to obtain the ZnO nano particles for preparing the embodiment.
(2) Manufacture of first heat-insulating layer
The aramid fiber and the high-shrinkage polyester fiber are manufactured into woven fabrics by a textile process (the blending proportion of the aramid fiber is 95 percent, the blending proportion of the high-shrinkage polyester fiber is 5 percent), and the gram weight is 220g/m2。
(3) Manufacture of the second thermal insulation layer
The phase-change acrylic fiber and the anti-pilling acrylic fiber are manufactured into the phase-change fabric through a textile process (the blending ratio of the phase-change acrylic fiber is 75 percent, and the blending ratio of the anti-pilling acrylic fiber is 25 percent), and then the phosphorus-nitrogen expansion flame retardant is padded on the fabric through a two-dipping and two-rolling process to form the phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer.
(4) Making of comfort layers
Spinning the viscose fiber and the polyester fiber into a woven fabric by adopting a spinning mode of a double-weave, wherein the surface warp of the double-weave is the viscose fiber, and the weft and the inner warp are polyester filaments.
(5) Finally, integral quilting is carried out
(5-1) quilting the flame-retardant heat reflection protective outer layer, the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer to form an integral functional layer;
and (5-2) quilting, superposing and cutting the integral functional layer and the comfortable layer to obtain the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric.
The prepared flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric can be directly applied to the manufacture of heat-insulating protective clothing.
The composite fabric prepared by the embodiment meets the A-grade requirement of the flame-retardant garment, the afterflame time and the smoldering time are both less than 2s, and no melting and dripping occur; the performance of molten metal resistance (after the impact of 15 drops of metal molten drops) is 18K of the temperature rise of a sample, and the thermal protection coefficient reaches 798 kW.S/m2。
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail, but the scope and implementation of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes, combinations, deletions, substitutions or modifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The multifunctional composite fabric is characterized by sequentially comprising a flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer and a comfort layer from top to bottom;
the flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer is composed of a base cloth layer and a functional film layer compounded on the base cloth layer; the functional film layer is a high-temperature resistant polymer film hybridized with heat reflection nano particles; the base cloth layer is a blended machine fabric of organic high-temperature resistant fibers and common flame retardant fibers or a common flame retardant woven fabric;
the first heat insulation layer is a blended fabric layer of intrinsic flame-retardant fibers and high-heat-shrinkage fibers; the second heat insulation layer is a phase-change flame-retardant fabric layer; the comfortable layer is a sticky cover polyester moisture-conducting woven fabric layer.
2. The multifunctional flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant composite fabric according to claim 1, wherein the heat-reflecting nanoparticles are selected from SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2And ZnO nanoparticles; the hybridization amount of the heat reflection nano particles is 2-15 wt%; the high-temperature resistant polymer film is selected from a polyisophthaloyl metaphenylene diamine film or a polyimide film.
3. The multifunctional composite fabric with flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the blended woven fabric of the organic high temperature resistant fibers and the common flame retardant fibers, the blending proportion of the organic high temperature resistant fibers is 25-65%.
4. The multifunctional composite fabric with flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the organic high temperature resistant fiber is selected from polysulfonamide fiber, para-aramid fiber or polyimide fiber; the common flame-retardant fiber is selected from flame-retardant viscose fiber, flame-retardant Modal fiber or modified acrylic fiber.
5. The multifunctional composite fabric with flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the woven fabric structure of the base fabric layer adopts a three-centimeter lattice weave structure, the yarn specification is 30-50s/2, and the basis weight of the fabric is 140-260g/m2。
6. The multifunctional composite fabric with the functions of flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance according to claim 1, wherein the functional film layer and the base fabric layer are compounded in a laminating or electrostatic spinning coating mode; the thickness of the functional film layer is 50-150 μm.
7. The multifunctional composite fabric with flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gram weight of the first heat insulation layer is 200-260g/m of the blended fabric layer of the intrinsic type flame retardant fibers and the high heat shrinkage fibers2And the blend of the intrinsic flame-retardant fiber and the high-heat-shrinkage fiber is 95:5-80: 20; the intrinsic flame-retardant fiber is one or more than two blended fibers selected from polysulfonamide fiber, aramid fiber and polyimide fiber; the high-heat-shrinkage fiber is selected from high-shrinkage polyester fiber or high-shrinkage polyacrylonitrile fiber.
8. The multifunctional composite fabric with the functions of flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance according to claim 1, is characterized in that the phase-change flame-retardant fabric is obtained by performing phase-change flame-retardant impregnation after finishing on a fabric woven by blending and spinning phase-change fibers and anti-pilling acrylic fibers; the phase change fiber is selected from viscose-based phase change fiber or acrylic fiber-based phase change fiber;
the phase-change flame-retardant after-finishing is to immerse the woven fabric in the phase-change flame-retardant finishing liquid and immerse the flame retardant on the fabric through a two-immersion two-rolling process.
9. The multifunctional composite fabric with flame retardance, heat insulation, burn-through resistance and metal droplet resistance according to claim 1, wherein the woven fabric weave structure of the sticky cover polyester moisture-conducting woven fabric layer is a double weave; the surface warp or the surface weft of the double-weave is made of flame-retardant viscose fiber, and the weft and the inner warp or the warp and the inner weft are both made of polyester filament yarns.
10. The method for preparing the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively manufacturing the flame-retardant heat reflection outer layer, the first heat insulation layer, the second heat insulation layer and the comfort layer;
(2) quilting the flame-retardant heat reflection protective outer layer, the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer to form an integral functional layer;
(3) and quilting the integral functional layer and the comfortable layer, and performing superposition cutting to obtain the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric.
CN201911166806.7A 2019-11-25 2019-11-25 Flame-retardant, heat-insulating, burn-through-resistant and metal droplet-resistant multifunctional composite fabric and preparation method thereof Pending CN111038026A (en)

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CN114889255A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-08-12 陕西锦澜科技有限公司 Sandwich-structure flame-retardant heat-insulation firefighter uniform fabric and preparation method thereof
CN114889256A (en) * 2022-04-18 2022-08-12 陕西锦澜科技有限公司 Multifunctional thermal protective clothing fabric for high-temperature operation and preparation method thereof
CN115652574A (en) * 2022-10-11 2023-01-31 中国人民解放军93114部队 Method for improving filling power of wadding material, wadding material and flying suit

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