CN111034967A - 一种改善ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改善ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111034967A CN111034967A CN201911369434.8A CN201911369434A CN111034967A CN 111034967 A CN111034967 A CN 111034967A CN 201911369434 A CN201911369434 A CN 201911369434A CN 111034967 A CN111034967 A CN 111034967A
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- red ginseng
- ginseng
- enzymolysis
- precipitate
- parts
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，将红参高压蒸制、打浆、过胶体磨后分步酶解，离心后二次分步酶解红参沉淀，合并两次灭酶后酶解液；将葛根、黄精、茯苓、覆盆子、山药、玉竹、桑叶粉碎，加入枸杞子浸泡、煎煮，离心后对沉淀进行二次煎煮，合并上清液；将酶解液与上清液合并、混匀，加入柠檬酸、塔格糖、木糖醇、果胶进行调味处理，并完成制冻过程，即得产品；红参高压后分步酶解，小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法提高5%~10%，且酶解工艺简单，成本较低；产品配比科学，质地柔软，入口即化，有淡淡的人参清香，可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病所带来的不良症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域，涉及一种改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，为一种新的制备方法。
背景技术
现代药理研究表明, 人参的主要化学成分人参多糖类、人参皂苷类、人参蛋白类具有抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗氧化、抗疲劳等作用。
近年来，由于全球肥胖或超重人群数量的逐年增加，胰岛素抵抗和Ⅱ型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发病率明显上升。Ⅱ型糖尿病是一种全身性代谢性疾病，通常涉及多个组织和器官之间因相互作用而导致胰岛素抵抗以及胰岛功能衰竭的最终状态，因为代谢异常，Ⅱ型糖尿病典型的症状为“三多一少”，即多饮、多食、多尿，消瘦或短期内体重减轻。
生物酶解技术是通过酶的作用使物质得到充分分解，得到生物工程需要的提取物。大分子物质被酶解为小分子物质，更易被人体吸收。随着科技水平的不断提高，该技术的成本也不断降低。目前生物酶解技术应用范围广阔，在人类健康、农业、工业与环境等领域均有应用。
中国专利公报公开的：1、CN106309727A公开了一种防治肾虚血瘀型2型糖尿病认知功能障碍的中药组合物。由冤丝子、枸杞子、覆盆子、五味子、车前子、淫羊藿、水蛭进行水煎、过滤、浓缩得到浸膏；用于改善T2DM认知功能障碍患者的认知能力，如学习、词语记忆、注意力、总体智能状况、视空间执行能力、词语流畅度、精神运动速度、额叶功能、定向力等，并能改善患者的临床症状。2、CN106491990A公开了一种治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的中药组合物，由天花粉、甘草、知母、生地、元参、麦冬、石解、丹皮、山药、山萸肉、泽泻、沙参、茯苓、覆盆子、黄芪、党参、鸡内金、丹参、生山碴、白术、桂枝、紫河车、柏子仁、酸枣仁经过粉碎制成汤剂或粉剂；有益气养阴、润燥之功效，补益先天脾胃之气血，补而不腻，养后天之本，肾之阴精使气血生化，有源正气存内，邪不可干肾之阴精得以养濡润，从而达到治病求本标本兼顾，阴平阳秘精神乃治。3、CN110123939A公开了一种治疗心绞痛合并Ⅱ型糖尿病的中药组合物及制备方法和应用，由黄芪，丹参，水蛭，玄参，山药，葛根，枸杞子，麦冬，龙骨，五灵脂，绞股蓝，黄连，瓜萎，冬虫夏草经浸泡、煎煮、过滤、浓缩制成胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂、丸剂或分散片剂；有益气养阴、化疲止痛、滋补脾肾、清化痰热的功效，用于治疗气阴两虚兼有痰热血疲型心绞痛合并Ⅱ型糖尿病患者。查阅中国专利公报公开的专利可以发现，已有发明的原料选择及配比不甚科学，且原料得率不高造成成本较高，不适合大批量投入生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，此款产品质地柔软，入口即化，有淡淡的人参清香，具有改善Ⅱ型糖尿病所致的“三多一少”等不良症状的功效。
本发明公开的一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制20 ~ 40 min使其软化，加入其质量10倍的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为5 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解4 ~ 6 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解4 ~ 6 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5 ~6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2 ~ 3 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解2 ~ 3 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥的葛根、黄精、茯苓、覆盆子、山药、玉竹、桑叶按比例称量后粉碎至40 ~60目，加入枸杞子，将其置于其质量10倍的冷水中浸泡30 ~ 40 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液按1:1混合，加入混合均匀的柠檬酸、塔格糖、木糖醇、果胶，缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃，保温30 min，灌装后常温放置，得到一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻。
本发明上述步骤（1）、步骤（2）中所述的复合酶是纤维素酶和蛋白酶按1:1复配所得。
本发明上述步骤（1）、步骤（2）、步骤（4）、步骤（5）离心转速为3000 ~ 8000 r/min，离心时间为15 ~ 30 min。
本发明上述步骤（4）中原料组分，按重量份数计包括：葛根10 ~ 15份、黄精9 ~ 15份、茯苓10 ~ 15份、覆盆子6 ~ 12份、山药15 ~ 30份、玉竹6 ~ 12份、桑叶5 ~ 10份、枸杞子6 ~ 12份。
本发明上述步骤（7）中柠檬酸添加量为0.05% ~ 0.3%，塔格糖添加量为0.5% ~2%，木糖醇添加量为3% ~7%，果胶添加量为0.4% ~ 0.8%。
本发明上述步骤（7）中缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃过程、保温过程需不断搅拌。
为便于更好地理解本发明，下面对本发明中的原料及部分辅料作出进一步说明。
葛根：性甘、辛，凉。归脾、胃、肺经。解肌退热，生津止渴，通经活络。用于外感发热头痛，项背强痛，口渴，眩晕头痛。
枸杞子：性甘，平。归肝，肾经。滋补肝肾，益精明目。用于虚劳精亏，腰膝酸痛，内热消渴，血虚萎黄，目昏不明。
黄精：性甘，平。归脾、肺，肾经。补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾。用于脾胃气虚，体倦乏力，口干食少，肺虚燥咳，腰膝酸软，内热消渴。
茯苓：性甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿，健脾，宁心。用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻。
覆盆子：性甘、酸，温。归肝、肾、膀胱经。益肾固精缩尿，养肝明目。用于遗尿尿频，目暗昏花。
山药：性甘，平。归脾、肺、肾经。补脾养胃，生津益肺。用于脾虚食少，久泻不止，肺虚咳喘，尿频，虚热消渴。
玉竹：性甘，微寒。归肺、胃经。养阴润燥，生津止渴。用于肺胃阴伤，燥热咳嗽，咽干口渴，内热消渴。
桑叶：性甘、苦，寒。归肺、肝经。疏散风热，清肺润燥，清肝明目。用于风热感冒，头晕头疼，目赤昏花。
塔格糖：2014年被批准为新资源食品。是一种新型的低能量甜味剂；健康的人和Ⅱ型糖尿病患者摄入塔格糖，不会引起血糖和胰岛素水平的变化；可明显抑制糖尿病患者因摄入葡萄糖所引起的血糖升高。
本发明的积极效果在于：
采用了生物酶解技术，使多糖、蛋白质等大分子物质被酶解为更易被人体吸收的寡糖、单糖、蛋白肽等小分子物质，且红参高压蒸制后分步酶解，小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法提高5%~10%，酶解工艺简单，成本较低。红参高压蒸制后被软化，便于打浆制备超细红参液；两次分步酶解，小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法提高5%~10%，且酶解工艺简单，成本较低，温和地改善Ⅱ型糖尿病所致的“三多一少”等不良症状。此款产品配比科学，质地柔软，入口即化，有淡淡的人参清香，是消费者的良选。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例进一步举例描述本发明，并不以任何方式限制本发明，在不背离本发明的技术解决方案的前提下，对本发明所作的本领域普通技术人员容易实现的任何改动或改变都将落入本发明的权利要求范围之内。
实施例1
（1）将50 g红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制35 min使其软化，加入500 mL的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为5，加入5 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解6 h；调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4，加入2.5 g的纤维素酶和2.5 g的蛋白酶，酶解6 h；灭酶、冷却后4000 r/min离心30 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入300 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5，加入3 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解3 h；调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4，加入1.5 g的纤维素酶和1.5 g的蛋白酶，酶解3 h；灭酶、冷却后4000 r/min离心30 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥好的10 g葛根、6 g枸杞子、10 g黄精、10 g茯苓、6 g覆盆子、15 g山药、6 g玉竹、5 g桑叶混匀后粉碎至60目。将其置于680 mL的冷水中浸泡30 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后5000 r/min离心25 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入408 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后5000 r/min离心25 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液各取100 mL，加入混合均匀的柠檬酸0.3 g、塔格糖3 g、木糖醇8 g、果胶0.8 g，缓慢升温至80 ℃，保温30 min，灌装后常温放置，得到一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻。
实施例2
（1）将60 g红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制40 min使其软化，加入600 mL的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为6，加入6 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解5 h；调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为4，加入6 g的纤维素酶和6 g的蛋白酶，酶解5 h；灭酶、冷却后6000 r/min离心20 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入360 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5.5，加入3.6 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2.5 h；调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4，加入3.6 g的纤维素酶和3.6 g的蛋白酶，酶解2.5 h；灭酶、冷却后6000 r/min离心20 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥好的12 g葛根、10 g枸杞子、12 g黄精、12 g茯苓、9 g覆盆子、18 g山药、7 g玉竹、8 g桑叶混匀后粉碎至40目；将其置于880 mL的冷水中浸泡40 min，升温至100℃煎煮60 min；冷却后6000 r/min离心20 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入528 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后6000 r/min离心20 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液各取50 mL，加入混合均匀的柠檬酸0.1 g、塔格糖1 g、木糖醇5 g、果胶0.6 g，缓慢升温至85 ℃，保温30 min，灌装后常温放置，得到一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻。
实施例3
（1）将60 g红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制40 min使其软化，加入600 mL的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为5.5，加入10 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95℃酶解4 h；调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为5，加入3 g的纤维素酶和3 g的蛋白酶，酶解4 h。灭酶、冷却后7000 r/min离心15 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入360 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为6，加入6 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2 h；调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为5，加入1.8 g的纤维素酶和1.8 g的蛋白酶，酶解2 h；灭酶、冷却后7000 r/min离心15 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥好的15 g葛根、12 g枸杞子、15 g黄精、10 g茯苓、12 g覆盆子、25 g山药、12 g玉竹、10 g桑叶混匀后粉碎至60目；将其置于1110 mL的冷水中浸泡40 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后8000 r/min离心15 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入666 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后8000 r/min离心15 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液各取200 mL，加入混合均匀的柠檬酸0.6 g、塔格糖6 g、木糖醇18 g、果胶2 g，缓慢升温至90 ℃，保温30 min，灌装后常温放置，得到一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻。
试验例：
本发明实施例1~实施例3制备的产品与传统工艺制备的产品相比，本发明经高压蒸制后两次分步酶解，小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法提高5%、8%及10%，制备方法中对高压蒸制后的红参间歇使用超声波辅助分步酶解，酶解时间至少可缩短25%，且提高了生物利用率。
Claims (6)
1.一种改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
（1）将红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制20 ~ 40 min使其软化，加入其质量10倍的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为5 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解4 ~ 6 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解4 ~ 6 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5 ~6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2 ~ 3 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解2 ~ 3 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥的葛根、黄精、茯苓、覆盆子、山药、玉竹、桑叶按比例称量后粉碎至40 ~60目，加入枸杞子，将其置于其质量10倍的冷水中浸泡30 ~ 40 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液按1:1混合，加入混合均匀的柠檬酸、塔格糖、木糖醇、果胶，缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃，保温30 min，灌装后常温放置，得到一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤（1）、（2）中所述的复合酶是纤维素酶和蛋白酶按1:1复配所得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤（1）、（2）、（4）、（5）中离心转速为3000~8000 r/min，离心时间为15 ~ 30 min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤（4）中原料组分，按重量份数计包括：葛根10 ~ 15份、黄精9 ~ 15份、茯苓10 ~ 15份、覆盆子6 ~ 12份、山药15 ~ 30份、玉竹6 ~ 12份、桑叶5 ~ 10份、枸杞子6 ~ 12份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤（7）中柠檬酸添加量为0.05% ~ 0.3%，塔格糖添加量为0.5% ~ 2%，木糖醇添加量为3% ~7%，果胶添加量为0.4% ~ 0.8%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可改善Ⅱ型糖尿病症状的人参可吸冻的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤（7）中缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃过程、保温过程需不断搅拌。
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