CN111034746B - 一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111034746B CN111034746B CN201911146304.8A CN201911146304A CN111034746B CN 111034746 B CN111034746 B CN 111034746B CN 201911146304 A CN201911146304 A CN 201911146304A CN 111034746 B CN111034746 B CN 111034746B
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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Landscapes
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及消毒剂技术领域，更具体地，本发明提供了一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂及其制备方法。本发明第一方面提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料至少包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及100～200份水；所述第一植物组分包括：30～40份金银花、10～25份绿茶、5～15份穿心莲、8～20份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括5～15份芦荟、8～30份薄荷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及消毒剂技术领域，更具体地，本发明提供了一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前养蚕生产中常用的桑叶消毒剂主要有两大类---氯制剂和甲醛制剂。氯制剂类消毒剂主要有漂白粉、消杀精、蚕用消毒净、优氯净烟熏剂等；甲醛制剂类消毒剂主要有福尔马林石灰浆溶液、毒消散等。这些方法能够杀灭致病微生物，作用快速，有效浓度低，能取得较好的效果，但各有一定的缺陷，如有毒性、刺激性、金属腐蚀性、持续效果差等；许多消毒剂本身又构成污染物，长期在环境中存在，会产生不同程度的异味，并且对桑叶还产生一定的毒性和副作用。
2004年以来，美国和欧盟先后就中国的中草药抗菌物质进行了研究，在相关研究报告中明确指出了中草药成分具有显著的抗菌抑菌活性，并且具有低毒、低残留，对环境友好、可降解等特点。但很多中草药消毒剂存在着消毒效果不持久、储存稳定性差等问题，另外应用于桑叶的消毒剂对于去污能力也有一定的要求。因此，蚕业生产上需要一种高效且消毒持久，可用于蚕吃桑叶叶面的低成本消毒药剂。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明第一方面提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料至少包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及100～200份水；所述第一植物组分包括：30～40份金银花、10～25份绿茶、5～15份穿心莲、8～20份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括5～15份芦荟、8～30份薄荷。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为(0.8～1.2)：(0.8～1.2)：1。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为(0.8～1)：(0.8～1)：1。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述第二植物组分还包括花椒。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为(0.5～1)：(0.5～1)：1。
本发明的第二方面提供一种根据所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，至少包括以下步骤：
(1)先将第一植物组分和第二植物组分用冷水浸泡，干燥后备用；
(2)将第一植物组分和第二植物组分研磨后放入蒸馏水中蒸煮，过滤得滤液、滤渣，将滤液浓缩，得A组分提取液；
(3)将步骤(2)中的滤渣放入乙醇\蒸馏水的混合液中，回流提取，浓缩得B组分提取液；
(4)将A组分提取液、B组分提取液以及水在室温下混合，搅拌均匀，即得。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述步骤(2)中将第一植物组分研磨过100～200目筛。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述步骤(2)将第二植物组分研磨过80～100目筛。
有益效果：本发明提供了一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂及其制备方法，通过采用多种植物提取物，制备得到了高效、低毒且消毒持久的消毒剂，同时也可延长桑叶的储存时间，带来较好的保鲜效果，并且也具有一定的去污能力。此外，该消毒剂稳定性较好，有利于长时间储存。
具体实施方式
参选以下本发明的优选实施方法的详述以及包括的实施例可更容易地理解本发明的内容。除非另有限定，本文使用的所有技术以及科学术语具有与本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。当存在矛盾时，以本说明书中的定义为准。
本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形，意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如，包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素，而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时，这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围，而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如，当公开了范围“1至5”时，所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1至2”、“1至2和4至5”、“1至3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时，除非另外说明，否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
此外，本发明要素或组分前的不定冠词“一种”和“一个”对要素或组分的数量要求(即出现次数)无限制性。因此“一个”或“一种”应被解读为包括一个或至少一个，并且单数形式的要素或组分也包括复数形式，除非所述数量明显指单数形式。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明第一方面提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料至少包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及100～200份水；所述第一植物组分包括：30～40份金银花、10～25份绿茶、5～15份穿心莲、8～20份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括5～15份芦荟、8～30份薄荷。
在一种优选的实施方式中，以重量份计，制备原料至少包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及100～200份水；所述第一植物组分包括：32～38份金银花、15～20份绿茶、8～12份穿心莲、10～18份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括8～12份芦荟、10～28份薄荷。
在一种更优选的实施方式中，以重量份计，制备原料至少包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及150份水；所述第一植物组分包括：35份金银花、17份绿茶、10份穿心莲、14份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括10份芦荟、19份薄荷。
本发明所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬。
在一种实施方式中，所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为(0.8～1.2)：(0.8～1.2)：1；更优选的，所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为1：1：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香。
在一种实施方式中，所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为(0.8～1)：(0.8～1)：1；更优选的，所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为0.9：0.9：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括花椒。
在一种实施方式中，所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为(0.5～1)：(0.5～1)：1；更优选的，所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为0.7：0.7：1。
<第一种植物组分>
金银花
金银花，正名为忍冬，“金银花”一名出自《本草纲目》，由于忍冬花初开为白色，后转为黄色，因此得名金银花。金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分。性甘寒气芳香，甘寒清热而不伤胃，芳香透达又可祛邪。金银花既能宣散风热，还善清解血毒，用于各种热性病，如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等症，均效果显著。
绿茶
绿茶，主要包括茶多酚(儿茶素)、咖啡碱、芳香油、水分、矿物质、色素、碳水化合物、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素等。其中含有的茶多酚能杀灭肉毒杆菌及孢子，抑制细菌外毒素的活性。对引起腹泻、呼吸道和皮肤感染的各种病原菌有抗菌作用。茶多酚对引起化脓性感染、烧伤、外伤的金黄色葡萄球菌、变型杆菌有明显的抑制作用。
穿心莲
穿心莲又名春莲秋柳，含二萜内酯类化合物：主要有穿心莲内酯、穿心莲黄酮、木蝴蝶素A、穿心莲黄酮苷、脱水穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯，并含有去氧穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯、高穿心莲内酯、潘尼内酯、穿心莲酮、穿心莲烷等；还含14-去氧-11-氧化穿心莲内酯、14-去氧-11,12-二去氧穿心莲内酯、14-去氧穿心莲内酯及穿心莲内酯苷、14-去氧穿心莲内酯苷；另外，根茎含黄酮类化合物。清热解毒，凉血，消肿。用于感冒发热，咽喉肿痛，口舌生疮，顿咳劳嗽，泄泻痢疾，热淋涩痛，痈肿疮疡，毒蛇咬伤。
柑橘皮
柑橘皮，又名柑皮，为芸香科植物茶枝柑或瓯柑等多种柑类的果皮。蕉柑的果皮中，含橙皮甙(Hesperidin)、川陈皮素(Nobiletin)和挥发油。下气；调中；化痰；醒酒。具理气降逆、调中开胃、燥湿化痰之功。主治脾胃气滞湿阻、胸膈满闷、脘腹胀痛、不思饮食、呕吐秽逆、二便不利、肺气阻滞、咳嗽痰多，亦治乳痈初起。
柠檬
柠檬，为双子叶植物纲芸香科柑橘属植物，柠檬又称柠果、洋柠檬、益母果等。柠檬富含维生素C、糖类、钙、磷、铁、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸、奎宁酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、橙皮苷、柚皮苷、香豆精、高量钾元素和低量钠元素等。果：化痰止咳，生津健胃。用于支气管炎，百日咳，食欲不振，维生素丙缺乏症，中暑烦渴。根：行气止痛，止咳平喘。用于胃痛，疝气痛，睾丸炎，咳嗽，支气管哮喘。
皂角
皂角，又名皂角树，生长旺盛，雌雄异株，雌树结荚(皂角)能力强。皂荚果是医药食品、保健品、化妆品及洗涤用品的天然原料；皂荚种子可消积化食开胃，并含有一种植物胶(瓜尔豆胶)是重要的战略原料；皂荚刺(皂针)内含黄酮甙、酚类，氨基酸，有很高的经济价值。含皂荚皂甙B-G、棕榈酸、硬酯酸、油酸、亚甾醇、谷甾醇、二十九碳烷等。开窍祛痰、散结消肿、润燥通便。
申请人发现在消毒剂中加入薄荷和柑橘皮可以提高消毒剂使用时的清新性，但此时制备得到消毒剂在室温放置一段时间后容易出现分层的现象，而当在消毒剂中加入皂角和柠檬可以有效改善上述问题并且也使得消毒剂的去污能力得到了提升，这可能是由于皂角和柠檬中含有的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、烟酸等物质，可提高体系的相容性，避免出现体系分层的现象；同时皂角中含有的皂苷在水相中摇晃后可以产生大量持久的蜂窝状泡沫，与柠檬、柑橘皮相协同，有利于达到对污垢的有效去除。此外，申请人发现当加入皂角、柠檬过多时，制备得到的消毒剂应用于桑叶消毒时容易使得桑叶不能长时间存放，这可能是由于皂角、柠檬加入过多时，会导致在桑叶表面残留较多的碱性物质，不利于桑叶的保鲜。
<第二种植物组分>
芦荟
芦荟为单子叶植物纲、阿福花科、芦荟属的多年生常绿草本植物，又名库拉索芦荟、中华芦荟、油葱、洋芦荟、翠叶芦荟、美国芦荟等。芦荟的成分有：含有芦荟大黄素、芦荟大黄素甙，芦荟大黄素甙的异构体异芦荟大黄素甙。高塔尔芦荟素、大黄酚、大黄酚葡萄糖甙。蒽酚等蒽类及其甙类以及槲皮素、莰非醇、芦丁等黄酮类和葡萄糖。甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、蔗糖、木糖、果糖、葡萄糖醛酸等糖类物质。亦含有精氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酸等八种人体必需氨基酸以及胆固醇、菜油甾醇、谷甾醇。芦荟具有强心、促进血液循环、软化硬化动脉、降低胆固醇含量、扩张毛细血管的作用，使血液循环畅通，减少胆固醇值，减轻心脏负担，使血压保持正常，清除血液中的“毒素”；促进伤口愈合复原的作用，有消炎杀菌、吸热消肿、软化皮肤、保持细胞活力的功能，凝胶多糖与愈伤酸联合还具有愈合创伤活性。
薄荷
薄荷提取物含挥发油，油中主要为I-薄荷醇、1-薄荷酮及薄荷酯类等。宣散风热，清头目，透疹。用于风热感冒、风温初起、头痛、目赤、喉痹、口疮、风疹、麻疹、胸胁胀闷，购买自三原天域生物制品有限公司。
广藿香
广藿香，中药名。为唇形科植物广藿香的干燥地上部分。枝叶茂盛时采割，日晒夜闷，反复至干。挥发油中主要成分为广藿香醇、广藿香酮。本品含广藿香醇、西车烯、δ-荜澄茄烯、广藿香二醇、α-广藿香烯、β-广藿香烯等成分。芳香化浊、开胃止呕、发表解暑。属化湿药。具有抑菌及钙拮抗作用和调节胃肠功能。广藿香及其挥发油能刺激胃肠运动、促进胃肠分泌、解除胃肠痉挛；还有抗病原微生物的作用，挥发油对皮肤癣和条件致病真菌有抑制作用；另外，还有抑制子宫收缩和镇痛作用。
丁香
丁香又名丁子香、支解香、公丁香。含挥发油15％～20％，油中主成分为丁香油酚、β-丁香烯、乙酰基丁香油酚等。另含丁香酚、乙酰丁香酚、异槲皮素、山柰酚、槲皮素、石竹烯氧化物、齐墩果酸、α-衣兰油烯等成分。抗胃溃疡，止泻，利胆，镇痛，抗缺氧，抗凝血，抗突变，抑菌杀虫。具健胃作用，浸出液具有明显的刺激胃液分泌作用，并能缓解腹胀、恶心、呕吐等。另外，对多种致病性真菌、球菌、链球菌及肺炎、痢疾、大肠、伤寒等杆菌以及流感病毒有抑制作用。
本发明加入的芦荟具有保湿的作用可以提高消毒剂对于桑叶的保鲜效果，但保湿的同时也容易滋生更多的细菌，从而使得消毒效果持久性不理想，申请人发现在体系中加入广藿香和丁香并控制广藿香、丁香、芦荟的质量比为(0.8～1)：(0.8～1)：1时，不仅有利于提高桑叶的储存时间，也使得具有较佳的消毒持久性，可能由于广藿香可与芦荟相互协同控制桑叶表面的湿度，使得细菌不易滋生，提高消毒持久性；广藿香、丁香又可协同作用延缓桑叶中酚类物质以及维生素C含量的下降速度，从而有利于桑叶的保鲜。但在较为干燥的环境下，桑叶的储存时间仍会降低。
花椒
花椒又名秦椒、蜀椒、川椒。含挥发油，油中含有柠檬烯、枯醇、牻牛儿醇等。还含去1,8-桉叶素、月桂烯、香草木宁碱、七叶内酯、茴香脑、侧柏烯等成分。抗实验性胃溃疡、对肠平滑肌运动有双向作用、抗腹泻、保肝、镇静抗炎、局部麻醉、抗凝血、杀疥螨。药理实验表明，果皮注射液有止痛、麻醉作用；牻牛儿醇小量可引起离体肠管蠕动，大量则使之抑制；水煎剂对链球菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、炭疽杆菌、枯草杆菌、霍乱弧菌、副伤寒杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有抑制作用；所含挥发油可使蛔虫、蛲虫中毒。温中止痛、杀虫止痒。
申请人发现当在消毒剂中加入花椒，可进一步提高桑叶的储存时间以及消毒的持久性。这可能是由于花椒中含有较多挥发油，能够与薄荷、广藿香相互协同，在桑叶表面形成一层具有通透性和阻水性的保护膜，可使桑叶组织内的二氧化碳含量增加，氧气含量降低，抑制了桑叶的呼吸代谢和水分散失，减缓桑叶组织和结构衰老，从而有效地提高桑叶储存时间；同时花椒、广藿香中含有的挥发油、广藿香酮等物质可以抑制一些真菌、细菌、和病毒的生长繁殖，从而提高消毒的持久性。此外，申请人发现当加入较多的花椒时，此时消毒剂的稳定性和消毒效果下降，当控制花椒、薄荷质量比为(0.5～1)：1时，可以有效提高消毒剂的稳定性和消毒效果。可能由于花椒加入过多时，一方面是不易在消毒剂中有效分散，容易聚沉；另一方面是在使用时易在桑叶表面过早形成一层较厚的保护膜，使得消毒剂的使用效果下降。
本发明的第二方面提供一种根据所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，至少包括以下步骤：
(1)先将第一植物组分和第二植物组分用冷水浸泡，干燥后备用；
(2)将第一植物组分和第二植物组分研磨后放入蒸馏水中蒸煮，过滤得滤液、滤渣，将滤液浓缩，得A组分提取液；
(3)将步骤(2)中的滤渣放入乙醇\蒸馏水的混合液中，回流提取，浓缩得B组分提取液；
(4)将A组分提取液、B组分提取液以及水在室温下混合，搅拌均匀，即得。
在一种优选的实施方案中，所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，至少包括以下步骤：
(1)先将第一植物组分和第二植物组分用冷水浸泡，干燥后备用；
(2)将第一植物组分研磨过100～200目筛、第二植物组分研磨过80～100目筛后放入蒸馏水中蒸煮，过滤得滤液、滤渣，将滤液浓缩，得A组分提取液；
(3)将步骤(2)中的滤渣放入乙醇\蒸馏水的混合液中，回流提取，浓缩得B组分提取液；
(4)将A组分提取液、B组分提取液以及水在室温下混合，搅拌均匀，即得。
在一种更优选的实施方案中，所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，至少包括以下步骤：
(1)先将第一植物组分和第二植物组分用冷水浸泡，在30℃干燥后备用；
(2)将第一植物组分研磨过100～200目筛、第二植物组分研磨过80～100目筛后放入蒸馏水中蒸煮1～3次，每次0.5～1h，过滤得滤液、滤渣，将滤液浓缩，得A组分提取液；
(3)将步骤(2)中的滤渣放入乙醇\蒸馏水的混合液中，回流提取2～3次，浓缩得B组分提取液；所述乙醇与蒸馏水的体积比为1：(3～5)；
(4)将A组分提取液、B组分提取液以及水在室温下混合，搅拌均匀，即得。
实施例
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合具体的实施方式对上述技术方案进行详细的说明。有必要在此指出的是，以下实施例只用于对本发明作进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，该领域的专业技术人员根据上述本发明的内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。另外，如果没有其它说明，所用原料都是市售的。
实施例1
本发明的实施例1提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及100份水；所述第一植物组分包括：30份金银花、10份绿茶、5份穿心莲、8份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括5份芦荟。
所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬；所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为0.8：0.8：1。
所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香；所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为0.8：0.8：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括花椒；所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为0.5：0.5：1。
所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)先将第一植物组分和第二植物组分用冷水浸泡，在30℃干燥后备用；
(2)将第一植物组分研磨过150目筛、第二植物组分研磨过90目筛后放入蒸馏水中蒸煮2次，每次1h，过滤得滤液、滤渣，将滤液浓缩，得A组分提取液；
(3)将步骤(2)中的滤渣放入乙醇\蒸馏水的混合液中，回流提取3次，浓缩得B组分提取液；所述乙醇与蒸馏水的体积比为1：4；
(4)将A组分提取液、B组分提取液以及水在室温下混合，搅拌均匀，即得。
实施例2
本发明的实施例2提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及200份水；所述第一植物组分包括：40份金银花、25份绿茶、15份穿心莲、20份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括15份芦荟。
所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬；所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为1.2：1.2：1。
所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香；所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为1：1：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括花椒；所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为1：1：1。
所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例3
本发明的实施例3提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及100份水；所述第一植物组分包括：32份金银花、15份绿茶、8份穿心莲、10份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括8份芦荟。
所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬；所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为0.8：0.8：1。
所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香；所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为0.8：0.8：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括花椒；所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为0.5：0.5：1。
所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例4
本发明的实施例4提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及200份水；所述第一植物组分包括：38份金银花、20份绿茶、12份穿心莲、18份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括12份芦荟。
所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬；所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为1.2：1.2：1。
所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香；所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为1：1：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括花椒；所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为1：1：1。
所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备步骤同实施例1。
实施例5
本发明的实施例5提供一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，以重量份计，制备原料包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及150份水；所述第一植物组分包括：35份金银花、17份绿茶、10份穿心莲、14份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括10份芦荟。
所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬；所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为1：1：1。
所述第二植物组分还包括广藿香和丁香；所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为0.9：0.9：1。
本发明所述第二植物组分还包括花椒；所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为0.7：0.7：1。
所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备步骤同实施例1。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例5相比，无皂角，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例5相比，无柠檬，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例5相比，无皂角、柠檬，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例5相比，无柑橘皮，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例5相比，皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比替换为2：1：1，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例6
对比例6与实施例5相比，皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比替换为1：2：1，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例7
对比例7与实施例5相比，无藿香，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例8
对比例8与实施例5相比，无丁香，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例9
对比例9与实施例5相比，无藿香、丁香，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例10
对比例10与实施例5相比，无芦荟，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例11
对比例11与实施例5相比，广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比替换为0.9：0.9：2，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例12
对比例12与实施例5相比，花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比替换为2：0.7：1，其它所述与实施例5相同。
对比例13
对比例13与实施例5相比，无花椒，其它所述与实施例5相同。
性能测试
1.储存稳定性测试
将实施例1-5、对比例1-4和对比例12-13制备得到的消毒剂室温下放置3个月后，观察是否有分层或浑浊现象，每个实施例分别设置100个平行样品，记录分层或浑浊的概率即分层或浑浊的消毒剂个数占总测试数量的百分比。
2.去污性测试
选取购买的同一批次、表面有明显污渍的桑叶，将实施例1-5和对比例1-4制备得到的消毒剂在室温下分别喷洒相同量的消毒剂于同批次、同份量的桑叶，观察消毒剂对于桑叶污垢的去除情况。按照以下标准进行评价：A—去污效果好；B—去污效果中等；C—去污效果弱。注：去污效果好是指桑叶叶面上顺滑无污渍残留；去污效果中等是指桑叶叶面上不顺滑有小部分污渍残留；去污效果弱是指桑叶叶面上不顺滑污渍残留较多。
3.消毒持久性测试
分别用BP培养基、LB培养基去培养金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌。使用含蛋白胨(质量分数2％)的0.03mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液清洗两种培养基培养的菌苔，制成含菌量1×108CFU/mL的菌悬液。取滤纸片，用0.6cm的打孔器把滤纸打成圆形纸片，将实施例1-5和对比例5-13所得消毒剂用移液枪分别吸收5μL滴加在纸片上，充分吸收后制成样片。吸取100μL菌悬液至TSC琼脂培养基上，用涂布器均匀涂布3次。用无菌镊子将样片轻轻贴于培养板上，每个平板贴1片样片，以生理盐水作对照，在37℃的恒温培育箱中培养12h和36h后，计算抑菌率变化值，试验重复3次，取平均值，抑菌率＝(试验前平均菌数-试验后平均菌数)×100/试验前平均菌数。
4.桑叶新鲜度测试
选取购买的同一批次桑叶，实施例1-5和对比例5-13制备得到的消毒剂在室温下分别喷洒于同批次、同份量的桑叶，观察记录2天后桑叶的新鲜程度。按照以下标准进行评价：A—很新鲜；B—新鲜；C—不新鲜。注：很新鲜是指桑叶叶片鲜翠亮丽，根部肥满挺直；新鲜是指桑叶叶片鲜艳色泽变暗，根部肥满挺直；不新鲜是指桑叶叶片鲜艳色泽基本消失，根部萎缩变软。
表1
| 稳定性(％) | 去污性 | 消毒持久性(％) | 新鲜度 | |
| 实施例1 | 0 | A | 4 | A |
| 实施例2 | 0 | A | 4 | A |
| 实施例3 | 0 | A | 4 | A |
| 实施例4 | 0 | A | 4 | A |
| 实施例5 | 0 | A | 3 | A |
表2
| 稳定性(％) | 去污性 | |
| 对比例1 | 10 | C |
| 对比例2 | 10 | B |
| 对比例3 | 30 | C |
| 对比例4 | 6 | B |
表3
表4
| 稳定性(％) | 消毒持久性(％) | 新鲜度 | |
| 对比例12 | 15 | 21 | A |
| 对比例13 | 2 | 25 | C |
前述的实例仅是说明性的，用于解释本发明所述方法的一些特征。所附的权利要求旨在要求可以设想的尽可能广的范围，且本文所呈现的实施例仅是根据所有可能的实施例的组合的选择的实施方式的说明。因此，申请人的用意是所附的权利要求不被说明本发明的特征的示例的选择限制。在权利要求中所用的一些数值范围也包括了在其之内的子范围，这些范围中的变化也应在可能的情况下解释为被所附的权利要求覆盖。
Claims (4)
1.一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂，其特征在于，以重量份计，制备原料至少包括：第一植物组分、第二植物组分以及150份水；所述第一植物组分包括：35份金银花、17份绿茶、10份穿心莲、14份柑橘皮；所述第二植物组分包括10份芦荟；
所述第一植物组分还包括皂角和柠檬；
所述第二植物组分还包括花椒、广藿香、丁香、薄荷；
所述皂角、柠檬与柑橘皮的质量比为1：1：1；
所述广藿香、丁香与芦荟的质量比为0.9：0.9：1；
所述花椒、广藿香与薄荷质量比为0.7：0.7：1。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于，至少包括以下步骤：
(1)先将第一植物组分和第二植物组分用冷水浸泡，干燥后备用；
(2)将第一植物组分和第二植物组分研磨后放入蒸馏水中蒸煮，过滤得滤液、滤渣，将滤液浓缩，得A组分提取液；
(3)将步骤(2)中的滤渣放入乙醇\蒸馏水的混合液中，回流提取，浓缩得B组分提取液；
(4)将A组分提取液、B组分提取液以及水在室温下混合，搅拌均匀，即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中将第一植物组分研磨过150目筛。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种蚕吃桑叶消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)将第二植物组分研磨过90目筛。
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