CN1110317A - 一种微生物分离培养方法 - Google Patents

一种微生物分离培养方法 Download PDF

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CN1110317A
CN1110317A CN 94103474 CN94103474A CN1110317A CN 1110317 A CN1110317 A CN 1110317A CN 94103474 CN94103474 CN 94103474 CN 94103474 A CN94103474 A CN 94103474A CN 1110317 A CN1110317 A CN 1110317A
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张令玉
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种微生物分离培养方法,其特征在 于:将含目的微生物的自然物质,置于适量容积的灭 菌容器中,用无菌水或培养液浸提出适量含菌液,置 于特定频率特定电场强度的条件下培养分离,用不同 的电场条件,即可得到相应的目的微生物。本发明分 离培养微生物迅速准确,变异极小,保持了野生型的 特性。

Description

本发明涉及一种微生物分离培养方法,尤其是一种微生物生理生态研究,自然生态研究,遗传工程研究,生命科学研究,医学药物研究,土壤肥料研究与应用,杀虫、灭菌剂的研究与应用以及环境污染治理等不可缺少的新方法。
众所周知,自然生态系统中的微生物往往是多个种群组成的复杂共生体系。因此,分离获得微生物的纯培养是微生物学必须首先解决的问题。从微生物学的形成和发展历史来看,分离方法的每一次进步,常常导致微生物学的重大进展,也标志着其它科学技术的进步。
在上一个世纪中,柯赫学派发明的培养皿琼脂平板法为微生物的分离技术奠定了扎实基础,它平息了微生物学发展早期常因分离不纯而将微生物误认为是多形态的观点。从而为开创寻找病原微生物的“黄金时期”在方法上提供了可靠的保证。至今它作为微生物分离的基础技术,仍广泛地应用于微生物菌种的筛选、鉴定、育种、计数及各种生物测定等工作中。
利用现有分离技术分离出来的微生物种类,目前已达到非常可观的程度,但这和无处不存在的微生物世界相比,可以说仍不过是九牛一毛之微。这说明了现有分离技术还有很大的局限性。这一点已引起越来越多学者的共识。
微生物纯培养技术无论在科学实验还是在生产实践中都有着及其重大的理论与实际意义。纯培养意味着从自然界中只将特定的微生物分离出来,在人工培养基中培殖。它是在去除了自然界中存在的其它微生物和大多数有关物质的单纯条件下进行的增殖,即这不是微生物在自然条件下的增殖。不少人认为,以纯培养情况下得到的各种知识为基础,是不可能理解自然界中微生物的。这种作法导致了微生物生理和微生物生态两个研究领域长期被分隔的局面。目前解决这一问题可以从二个不同的角度进行:1.试验如何尽量在自然条件下使微生物增殖;2.探索在普通的纯培养中,加入什么样的新条件便可大大接近自然条件。虽然国内外已在这方面做了大量的工作,但迄今为止在微生物的分离培养技术方面尚未发生根本性的变革。
本发明的目的是提供一种既能保持该分离出的微生物与原野型微生物比较不发生或少发生变异,又能准确、迅速地分离培养出目的纯种微生物,简便易行的微生物分离培养方法。
本发明的具体解决方案为:一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:将含有目的微生物的自然物质,置于适当的灭菌容器中用无菌水或相应的培养液浸提,然后将浸提液适量置于特定波长,特定强度的电场条件下,分离培养出目的微生物。
例1.被分离含目的微生物样品:土壤加入无菌水在电场条件下分离出具有固氮能力的粪产碱菌。
例2.被分离含目的微生物样品:风化煤矸石粉,加入无菌水分离出具有分解煤和石油等复杂有机质的煤矸石风化菌。
例3.被分离含目的微生物的样品:风化磷矿石粉,用无菌水浸提在特定电场下分离出含无机磷分解微生物。
例4.被分离含目的微生物的样品:风化钾矿石粉,用无菌水加蔗糖浸提在特定电场条件下分离出无机钾分解微生物。
本发明的优点和积极效果如下:
1.被分离出的目的微生物能保持原野生型的活性,变异程度小。
2.分离速度快,而且纯度高。
3.简便易行,成本低。
4.应用广泛。
5.可获得常规方法得不到的多种微生物。
下面给出本发明的实施例。
取将要分离的含目的微生物的样品(土壤,风化矿物质,自然界有机物残体及各种生物制品等)适量,置于适当容积的容器中,加入相当的培养液或无菌水,浸泡一定时间,取其上清液适量,置于灭菌的非金属容器中。在容器的对称边各加一个电极,在常温(一般5~36℃)下,加入相应浓度和强度的电场即可分离出目的微生物纯种。
实施例1:
1.取耕层土壤适量,置于适当容积的容器中,按照每克鲜土壤30~80毫升水的比例加入无菌水,并充分搅匀,静止放在5~36℃条件下6~24小时。
2.取上清液适量,置入灭菌非金属容器中,按每10~100ml加入0.1~0.5克葡萄糖或蔗糖。
3.在容器两对称边加入两个电极,然后开启电源(选用波长为0.1um~1.0um的信号发生器),供给40~100um波长和电场强度为20~80mv的电场连续2~10小时(见附图1)。
4.在保持电场强度不变的情况下从两极板中间用适当取液器或自流出的液体,即为含固氮菌-粪产碱菌的液体。
5.然后再按以每20~100ml加入蔗糖1~5克的比例配成培养液,按照每50~150ml培养液加入5~50ml分离出的菌液,均匀混合后,置于3中所述的条件下培养6~24小时即可获得大量的基本无变异的固氮粪产碱菌。
实施例2
1.取风化煤或风化煤矸石适量,置于适当容积的容器中,按照每克样品40~100ml水的比例加入无菌水,并充分搅匀,然后在2~36℃条件下静止放置6~30小时。
2.取上清液适量,置入灭菌非金属容器中,按10~100ml上清液加入0.1~0.5克葡萄糖或蔗糖。
3.选用波长为0.1um~1.0mm的信号发生器在一只多极间隔式玻璃分离器中的任意两个电极间加入160~230um波长和电压为10~60mv的电场,连续2~24小时(见图2)。
4.在保持电场强度不变的情况下从加入电场的两极间取出的液即为含纯种煤矸石分解微生物液体。
5.然后再按每20~100ml加入蔗糖0.5~5克的比例配成培养液。按照每50~150ml培养液加入5~50ml4中分离出的菌液,均匀混合后置于3的电场条件下培养3~18小时即可获得大量的煤矸石分解菌。
实施例3
1.取风化磷矿石粉样品适量,置于适当容积的容器中,按照每克样品30~100ml水的比例加入无菌水,充分搅匀,置于2~36℃条件下静止6~36小时。
2.取上清液适量置入灭菌非金属容器中,按照10~100ml上清液加入0.1~5.0克葡萄糖和0.1~3.0克硫酸铵(也可用硝酸铵,尿素等)。
3.选用波长以0.1um~1.0mm的信号发生器在一只单级或多极间隔式分离器中加入10~50mm波长,电压强度为-10~30mv的电场条件下连续2~16小时。
4.在保持电场强度不变的情况下从电场的两电极间取出的液体即为含纯种无机磷分解微生物的菌液。
5.然后再按照每20~100ml加入葡萄糖0.5~5克,硫酸铵0.5~3.0克比例配成培养液,按照每50~200ml培养液加入5~50ml4中的菌液,均匀混合后置于3中的电场条件下培养3~30小时即可获得纯种无机磷分解微生物。
实施例4
1.取风化钾矿石粉样品适量,置于适当容器中,按照每克样品30~100ml水的比例加入无菌水,充分搅匀,置于2~36℃条件下静止6~36小时。
2.取上清液适量置入灭菌非金属容器中,按照10~100ml上清液加入0.1~5.0克葡萄糖和0.1~3.0克硫酸铵(也可用尿素,硝酸铵等含氮盐类)。
3.选用波长以0.1um~1.0mm的信号发生器在一只单级或多极间隔式分离器中加入3~20mm波长,电压为20~110mv的电场,连续作用2~24小时。
4.在保持电场强度不变的情况下从电场的两电极间取出液体,即为含钾纯菌的液体。
5.然后再按照每20~100ml加入蔗糖0.5~5.0克,硫酸铵0.5~3.0克的比例配成培养液,按50~200ml培养液加入5~50ml4中的菌液,搅匀后置于3中的电场条件下培养3~36小时即可获得纯种无机钾分解微生物。
图1、图2为采用本发明所需装置的示意图。
图1采用的是单级分离器。
图2采用的是多级分离器。
图1中:
1-为频率发生器
2-为分离器
3-为电极
4-为隔离螺旋
5-为用于排除废液的出口胶塞
6-为用于排出含目的微生物液的出口胶塞
图2中:
7-为频率发生器
8-为多级分离器
9-为电极
10-为开关
11-为转换开关
12-为胶塞
其中,分离器采用d为:10~30mm的玻璃管加工而成,其电极可采用红铜板制成,也可以用镀银板制成。信号发生器为有线、无线通信用的信号源。要求频率范围为:0.1um~1.0mm。信号发生器信号输出钮用两根同轴电缆与分离器的两电极相联接。
装置具体使用方法为:
1.首先将要分离含有目的微生物的土壤浸提液注入分离器中,然后加上胶塞密封。
2.开启信号发生器电源,调整波长输出旋钮,使其显示出所要求波长,再调整输出电场强度旋钮,使其达到分离目的要求。
3.按照目的微生物的分离时间要求,设定分离时间,待时间达到要求后,保持不变,拧紧隔离旋钮,打开排液口,即可获得含目的微生物的分离液。
4.用上述方法,繁复分离培养2~3次即可获得纯种目的微生物。
附图二使用方法同附图一,仅改变转换开关即可获得附图一的分离装置。

Claims (7)

1、一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:将含有目的微生物的自然物质,置于适当的灭菌容器中用相应的培养液浸提,然后将浸提液适量置于特定波长,特定强度的电场条件下,分离培养出目的微生物。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:培养液为无菌水。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:培养液为葡萄糖。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:培养液为蔗糖。
5、根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:培养液为甘露醇。
6、根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:电场波长的范围为:0.1um~1.0mm。
7、根据权利要求1所述的一种微生物分离培养的方法,其特征在于:电场强度的范围为:-0.5V~3.6V。
CN 94103474 1993-08-06 1994-04-09 一种微生物分离培养方法 Pending CN1110317A (zh)

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CN 94103474 CN1110317A (zh) 1994-04-09 1994-04-09 一种微生物分离培养方法
PCT/US1994/008846 WO1995004814A1 (en) 1993-08-06 1994-08-05 Recombinant microbial fertilizer and methods for its production
AU76301/94A AU7630194A (en) 1993-08-06 1994-08-05 Recombinant microbial fertilizer and methods for its production

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