CN111025462B - 在预组装的激光模块中形成光纤布拉格光栅的方法 - Google Patents

在预组装的激光模块中形成光纤布拉格光栅的方法 Download PDF

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CN111025462B
CN111025462B CN201910886979.XA CN201910886979A CN111025462B CN 111025462 B CN111025462 B CN 111025462B CN 201910886979 A CN201910886979 A CN 201910886979A CN 111025462 B CN111025462 B CN 111025462B
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纳达姆·K·萨亚
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Abstract

本公开涉及在预组装激光模块中形成光纤布拉格光栅的方法。提出了一种在激光二极管封装内提供光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的方法,该方法包括首先将光纤(通常是光纤的剥皮的末端部)插入到封装中,并将光纤与激光二极管对准。一旦对准,使用外部FBG写入系统来按照针对特定FBG产生特定光栅线图案的方式照射在封装中处于适当位置的光纤的选定部分(此时封装保持“开放”)。当使用基于UV的系统以及相位掩模时,聚焦透镜设置在相位和开放封装之间,以将干涉光束引导到剥皮的光纤的芯区。在替代布置中可使用高功率飞秒激光源,以直接写入结构并形成封装内FBG。

Description

在预组装的激光模块中形成光纤布拉格光栅的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在激光发射器中使用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)作为波长稳定部件,更具体地,涉及在完全组装的激光模块中产生FBG的方法。
发明背景
光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)是众所周知的元件,与激光发射器一起用作直列式滤波器(in-line filter),以稳定激光器产生的输出波长。在一个应用中,FBG与泵浦激光源一起使用,以将输出波长保持在光放大器中使用所需的980nm期望值。FBG基本上由光纤中的芯区(core region)的折射率的纵向变化组成,其中该变化通常是通过将一段剥皮的光纤暴露于UV源而形成的,该UV源以这样的方式用干涉光束照射光纤,使得根据光束干涉来修改光纤芯区的折射率分布,形成不同折射率的交替部分的图案(即“光栅”)。一旦光栅形成,就需要沿着光纤的剥皮区域重新施用新的护套层和涂覆材料层,以保护光栅。
在这些和其他过程中,离开激光二极管封装的光纤经受大量的处理,这可能导致光纤的长期可靠性/强度进一步降低(尤其是在光纤需要紧密卷绕以符合集成封装要求的情况下)。长期可靠性的降低,至少部分是由于在产生光栅结构的过程中被引入到光纤中的缺陷。
适应这些缺陷存在的传统方法包括使用特殊的封装约束,使得包含光栅的光纤部分保持在直线上,从而避免任何弯曲引起的缺陷。可替代地,可以创建在包含光栅的光纤部分内保持大的弯曲半径的特殊封装。考虑到与这些系统相关的光纤长度,对“特殊封装”的要求可能比大多数应用的经济可行性更高。此外,满足所有光学部件的“小的形状因数(form factor)”封装要求的需求不断增加,其中如现有技术中常见的那样,这些要求不容易适应长度相对较长的光纤或大半径光纤线圈的使用,以提供来自激光源的输出波长稳定性。
发明概述
本发明涉及利用FBG与激光二极管源一起作为波长稳定元件,更具体地,涉及在完全组装的激光模块中产生FBG的方法。
根据本发明的一个或更多个实施例,光纤定位在用于容纳激光二极管源的封装模块内的适当位置。位于封装模块内的光纤部分在插入封装之前被剥皮。一旦固定到位,写入源照射剥皮的封装内(in-package)光纤的指定部分,并产生FBG。
在本发明的各种实施例中,在FBG写入过程期间激励激光二极管源,使用光谱分析仪来测量沿着光纤传播的输出信号并控制FBG写入过程。可替代地,在FBG写入过程期间可使用外部宽带光源来照射光纤,其中将该外部照射的反射分量导入光谱分析仪。
本发明的一个示例性实施例,采取与预组装的激光二极管源结合形成光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的方法的形式,该激光二极管源被设置在封装中。该方法至少包括以下步骤:(1)将光纤的剥皮的末端部(end termination)插入到封装中,该封装在没有盖的情况下保持在开放的配置中;(2)将光纤与激光二极管源对准,并且固定光纤的对准位置;(3)将FBG写入系统定位在光纤的剥皮的末端部上;以及(4)激活FBG写入系统,以沿着光纤芯区的选定部分刻出光栅线的预定图案,形成封装内FBG。
在下面的讨论过程中,通过参考附图,本发明的其他和另外的实施例和方面将变得明显的。
附图说明
现在参考附图,其中在几个视图中相同的数字代表相同的颜色:
图1是耦合到封装的激光二极管的光纤的简图;
图2示出了本发明的用于沿着光纤的封装内部分产生FBG的示例性方法;
图3是图2的实施例的替代配置,在这种情况下,使用外部光源(和相关联的耦合器)将测试信号引入光纤中,用于监控FBG写入过程;
图4示出了根据本发明的用于沿着光纤的封装内部分产生FBG的替代方法;和
图5是耦合到封装的激光二极管的光纤的简图,包括根据本发明形成的封装内FBG。
详细描述
图1是用于实施本发明的封装内FBG制作方法的初始配置的简图。如图所示,激光二极管10位于封装12内。用于激励激光二极管10的电触点14从封装12向外延伸。光纤20被显示为附接到封装12,在这种情况下,使用套筒连接器(ferrule connector)22将光纤20机械地附接到封装12。光纤20的端部24被显示为延伸到封装12中,并且定位成与激光二极管10光学对准。在插入之前,从端部24移除外部涂层材料26,从而形成“裸露的”(也称为“剥皮的”)光纤部分。一旦对准,裸光纤24被固定在封装12内的适当位置(使用环氧树脂或其他合适的粘合材料)。在图1的示意图中,示出了一对固定点30和32。
应当理解,直到该过程的这一步,组装在封装12内的部件对组装人员仍然是可见的,并且是可以接近的。也就是说,上面结合图1描述的步骤是在封装12上没有放在适当位置上的“盖”的情况下执行的。如下所述,该过程中的下一步是在封装12的内部保持暴露的同时形成封装内FBG。如上所述,FBG是沿着一长度的光纤的折射率的周期性扰动,其可以通过例如将芯部暴露于强烈的光学干涉图案而形成。
图2示出了封装内FBG形成过程中的下一步骤,其中在该特定实施例中,FBG写入系统40位于“开放”封装12上,以便设置在裸光纤24上方。在图2所示的特定实施例中,FBG写入系统40包括UV光源42、相位掩模44和聚焦透镜46。UV光源42(例如可以包括ArF准分子激光器或KrF准分子激光器)产生准直光束,该准直光束随后穿过相位掩模44。相位掩模44被特别设计成将受控的相位延迟引入到部分准直光束上,并且(以预定角度)产生一对光束作为输出,这对光束此后将干涉并产生交替的增强和消除区域的示例性图案。
在大多数传统的现有技术布置中,相位掩模44被设置成紧邻剥皮的光纤。然而,在形成封装内FBG的情况下,不能将相位掩模放置在相对靠近裸光纤24的位置。在没有任何其他形式的控制的情况下,干涉光束在到达封装12之前会经历大量发散,并且不能在期望的位置产生FBG。因此,根据本发明的原理,聚焦透镜46用于使该对发散的干涉光束重新聚焦,并将能量引导到裸光纤24上的如图2所示的位置中。在该视图中还示出了穿过裸光纤24的±1级光束。设想,封装内FBG 50被形成为沿着裸光纤24的相对一小部分延伸,例如大约5mm左右。
如上所述,特定强度的图案产生形成FBG 50所需的裸光纤24的折射率变化。在优选实施例中,可以使用反馈配置来控制系统40的操作,以便有效地控制产生封装内FBG的过程。在本发明原理的示例性实施方式中,可以使用从激光二极管10发射的光进行反馈控制。来自激光二极管10的光输出沿着光纤20传播,受到由FBG写入系统40引入的变化影响。如图2所示,光谱分析仪60被设置成截取传播信号,并在FBG 50被产生时监控其特性(例如,监控所产生的光栅的反射率和中心波长)。所测量的特性可以实时用于控制光栅写入过程。如图所示,控制信号从OSA60发送到UV激光器42,并用于修改写入过程(例如,调整源的强度、控制曝光时长等),以便产生具有期望的反射率和中心波长的光栅。
应当理解,在写入光栅时监控该光栅以及产生反馈信号来控制写入过程的能力可以利用外部光源,而不需要激活激光二极管10。图3示出了这种配置,其中出于该示例的目的,激光二极管10保持“关断”。作为替代,当光栅被写入时,使用外部光源62来照射裸光纤24。特别地,来自光源62的光输出被引入到一段光纤64中,光纤64被用作光耦合器66(即3dB耦合器)的第一输入,而光纤20是另一输入。来自光源62的输入测试信号沿着光纤向封装12传播,在封装12中,它最终在光栅被写入时与该光栅相互作用。此后,该测试信号照射的反射部分沿着光纤引导并进入OSA60,以用于采取与上述相同的方式使用。有利地,外部光源的使用允许将宽带光波用作测试输入信号,与从(单波长)激光二极管10发射穿过FBG50相关联的FBG响应特性相比,这可提供更详细的FBG响应特性。
图4示出了根据本发明原理的可用于产生封装内FBG的替代配置。这里,代替使用光源和相位掩模来创建沿剥皮的光纤的限定长度刻出光栅的干涉图案,使用飞秒激光源70将期望的光栅结构直接写入到裸光纤24的一部分上。飞秒激光源70是高功率脉冲激光源,例如功率超过1000mJ/cm2。高功率脉冲(以逐点或逐线的方式)直接与纤芯材料相互作用,以产生沿一段光纤的所需的折射率纵向变化。这里,所形成的光栅被指定为FBG50A。直写(direct-write)方法的一个优点是它可能不需要去除外部护套涂层26,因为用于该涂层的材料对于与飞秒激光源70相关的光谱的近IR区是透明的。另一个优点是,通过控制来自激光源70的脉冲的移动,光纤内产生的光栅图案可以针对特定应用而单独定制(例如变迹、闪耀、啁啾(chirped)等)(应该理解,可以采取类似的方式控制上述相位掩模写入方法以提供光栅变化,尽管其实施不如直写方法简单)。
如同图2所示的实施例,可以采取相同的方式与飞秒激光源70结合使用OSA60,以便控制创建过程并产生具有期望反射率和中心波长的光栅。此外,直写实施例可以使用外部光源,作为用于OSA60的宽带监控信号输入。
图5示出了最终结构,沿着裸光纤部分24形成FBG 50。一旦形成FBG50的过程完成,就将盖部件80定位在封装12之上,并附接到封装12上。
在本文,已经借助于优选的实施例描述了本发明。通过考虑说明书和附图,本发明的其他实施例,包括本文描述的实施例的替代方案、修改和等效物,对于本领域技术人员来说将是明显的。上述实施例和优选特征应该被认为仅仅是示例性的,本发明由所附权利要求书限定,因此包括落入本发明的真实精神和范围内的所有这样的替代方案、修改和等效物。

Claims (12)

1.一种结合预组装的激光二极管源形成光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的方法,所述激光二极管源被设置在封装中,所述方法包括:
将光纤的剥皮的末端部插入到所述封装中,所述封装在没有盖的情况下保持在开放配置中;
将所述光纤与所述激光二极管源对准,并固定所述光纤的对准位置;
将FBG写入系统定位在所述光纤的剥皮的末端部上方;和
激活所述FBG写入系统,以沿着所述光纤的芯区的选定部分刻出光栅线的预定图案,形成封装内FBG。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在执行对准步骤之前,执行以下步骤:
在所述光纤的剥皮的末端部形成透镜化端面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括以下步骤:
在激活产生FBG的源的步骤期间,激励所述激光二极管源;和
在光谱分析仪中测量离开所述光纤的相对的末端部的光信号,以确定FBG的反射率和产生的中心波长。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括以下步骤:
将控制信号从所述光谱分析仪传输到所述FBG写入系统,以根据需要调整所述FBG写入系统的参数,从而产生表现出预定义的反射率和中心波长的封装内FBG。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括以下步骤:
在FBG写入期间沿着所述光纤引入光学测试信号,以便沿着所述光纤传播并与所述光栅线的预定图案相互作用,产生反射的光学测试信号;和
在光谱分析仪中测量离开所述光纤的相对的末端部的所述反射的光学测试信号,以确定FBG的反射率和产生的中心波长。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括以下步骤:
将控制信号从所述光谱分析仪传输到所述FBG写入系统,以根据需要调整所述FBG写入系统的参数,从而产生表现出预定义的反射率和中心波长的封装内FBG。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中在执行引入步骤时,提供外部光源以产生所述光学测试信号,并且所述引入包括使用光耦合器将所述光学测试信号耦合到所述光纤。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述外部光源是宽带光源。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述FBG写入系统包括基于UV的干涉源,并且激活所述FBG写入系统的步骤包括以下步骤:
激励UV激光源以发射准直光束;
将所述准直光束传输通过相位掩模,所述相位掩模被配置为呈现与待形成的封装内FBG的预定义的周期相关联的周期性结构,所述相位掩模产生一对光束,所述一对光束干涉以产生光栅图案;和
使离开所述相位掩模的该对干涉光束聚焦以被引导到所述封装中并照射所述光纤的剥皮的末端部的预定义的部分,并且刻出封装内光纤光栅。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述FBG写入系统包括高功率飞秒脉冲激光源,并且激活所述FBG写入系统的步骤包括以下步骤:
激励所述飞秒脉冲激光源以发射一系列高功率脉冲;和
将所发射的脉冲序列引导到所述光纤的剥皮的末端部上;和
控制所发射的脉冲序列的移动,以直接修改所述光纤的芯区的特性,并产生封装内FBG。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括以下步骤:
将盖部件附接在所述封装上,以便将所述封装内FBG和所述激光二极管源包在一起。
12.一种结合预组装的激光二极管源形成光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的方法,所述激光二极管源设置在封装中,所述方法包括:
将光纤的末端部插入到所述封装中,所述封装在没有盖的情况下保持在开放配置中;
将所述光纤与所述激光二极管源对准,并固定所述光纤的对准位置;
将FBG直写系统定位在开放封装内的所述光纤的一部分上方;和
激活所述FBG直写系统以沿着所述光纤的芯区的选定部分刻出光栅线的预定图案,形成封装内FBG。
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