CN111022925A - Visual swing kettle device and method for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage - Google Patents
Visual swing kettle device and method for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111022925A CN111022925A CN201911124748.1A CN201911124748A CN111022925A CN 111022925 A CN111022925 A CN 111022925A CN 201911124748 A CN201911124748 A CN 201911124748A CN 111022925 A CN111022925 A CN 111022925A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
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Abstract
The invention provides a visual swing kettle device and method for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage, and belongs to the field of flow safety control of oil and gas transportation pipelines. The device comprises a main high-pressure visible kettle, a drive control system, a gas-liquid injection and discharge system, a temperature control system and a data acquisition system. The main high-pressure visual kettle provides full visual conditions, and the growth form change of the hydrate in the tube is observed in real time. The drive control system can accurately control the swing frequency and the swing angle of the main high-pressure visual kettle, and effectively simulates the flow of fluid in a pipeline. The temperature control system adopts air cooling refrigeration of a low-temperature thermostatic chamber, and the problem of fogging on the surface of the visible kettle is solved. The data acquisition system acquires temperature and pressure change values in the hydrate generation and decomposition process and images in the dynamic process. The method is applied to evaluation research of hydrate pipeline blockage and inhibitors, is easy to build, simple and convenient to operate and low in manufacturing cost, and can provide technical and data support for flow safety guarantee in the deep-sea oil and gas pipeline transportation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flow safety control of oil and gas transportation pipelines, and relates to a visual swing kettle device and method for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is a solid crystalline compound formed mainly of methane molecules and water molecules, and resembles ice in appearance, and is therefore also referred to as "combustible ice". In the process of ocean oil and gas exploitation, along with the continuous deepening of the water depth, high pressure, low temperature, rich gas and water in the seabed transmission pipeline are favorable conditions for generating natural gas hydrate. Once the hydrate is generated and deposited in a pipeline in a large amount, pipeline blockage can be formed, the pipeline conveying capacity is seriously reduced, oil and gas production must be interrupted when necessary, and blockage removal is carried out, so that huge economic loss is brought. Under extreme conditions, the hydrate blocks up in the twinkling of an eye and causes the pressure sharply to increase, brings the potential safety hazard of pipeline breakage. Therefore, research on the forming process and mechanism of hydrate blockage of the seabed oil and gas pipeline and development of a technology for inhibiting the hydrate from forming the blockage have important significance for deepwater oil and gas field exploitation.
At present, devices for pipeline hydrate blockage and inhibition research in laboratories mainly comprise static stirred tanks, shaking type reaction tanks and experimental loops of different scales. The experimental conditions of the flow loop are closest to the field working conditions, but the device scale is large, the application cost is high, and the application range of the static reaction kettle is wide, but the fluid flow conditions in a real pipeline are difficult to reproduce. The existing swing type reaction kettle provides fluid flow conditions, but the fluid flow conditions are still greatly different from the flow conditions of an actual pipeline, and the visibility degree is not high. In addition, the existing swing type reaction kettle is small in size and cannot truly simulate the blockage of the pipeline hydrate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a visual swing kettle device and a method for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage. The experimental device can better simulate the flowing condition of the pipeline, and realize the full visual observation of the growth and the blockage process of the pipeline hydrate and the evaluation of the effect of the inhibitor.
The hydrate inhibitor is ethylene glycol. And (3) acquiring morphological changes of the hydrate in the growth and blockage processes in real time by using a high-speed camera image acquisition system. The air bath refrigeration mode is utilized, the problem of surface fogging of the visible kettle is solved, and the visible effect of the kettle body under the motion condition is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a visual swing kettle device for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage comprises a main high-pressure visual kettle, a driving control system, a gas-liquid injection and discharge system, a temperature control system and a data acquisition system;
the main high-pressure visible kettle body is a section of full-visible high-pressure round pipe, end flanges are arranged at two ends of the main high-pressure visible kettle body, temperature and pressure sensors and gas-liquid inlet and outlet valves are respectively arranged on the end flanges, a pipe end visible window is arranged on each end flange, a rotary supporting plate is arranged on the side surface of the full-visible high-pressure round pipe, and a pipe body of the full-visible high-pressure round pipe and the pipe end visible windows at the two ends of the full-visible high-pressure round pipe; and realizing all-round visualization.
The fully-visible high-pressure circular pipe consists of three sections, and each two sections are connected by a flange;
the drive control system comprises a drive control box, a drive linear motor, a transmission rack, a transmission gear and a gear rack transmission shaft, wherein the drive linear motor is arranged on the fixed bracket; the driving control box drives the driving rack to move by controlling the driving linear motor, the driving rack is meshed with the transmission gear to drive the transmission gear to rotate, and the transmission gear is fixedly connected with the gear and rack transmission shaft to drive the gear and rack transmission shaft to transmit; the gear rack transmission shaft is connected with the rotary supporting plate; the driving mode torque of the transmission gear and the transmission rack is large, and the power requirement of the large-capacity swing kettle is met.
The drive control system is used for setting the initial position of the main high-pressure visual kettle by adjusting the angle of the rotary supporting plate and simulating the fluctuation angle of the pipeline; the swing angle is +/-60 degrees adjustable, the swing frequency is 0-40 Hz, the flow velocity of the fluid is 0.01-0.2 m/s adjustable, and the flow state of the fluid can be transited from laminar flow to turbulent flow;
the gas-liquid injection and discharge system comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve, a gas injection valve, an exhaust valve, a gas supply pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, a liquid storage tank, a constant-current liquid injection pump, a liquid injection valve and a liquid injection pipeline; the high-pressure gas cylinder, the pressure reducing valve and the safety valve are sequentially connected through a gas supply line and are connected to a gas injection valve; the liquid storage tank and the constant-current liquid injection pump are sequentially connected through a liquid injection pipeline and are connected to a liquid injection valve, and the exhaust valve is connected with an exhaust pipeline;
the temperature control system is a low-temperature constant-temperature chamber, the low-temperature constant-temperature chamber adopts an air-cooling refrigeration mode, and the problem of surface fogging of the full-visible high-pressure round pipe is solved. A hydrate gas concentration sensor is arranged in the room, and temperature sensors are arranged around the low-temperature constant-temperature room; the temperature of the low-temperature thermostatic chamber is adjusted to change the environmental temperature of the visual reaction system;
the data acquisition system comprises a computer, a data acquisition card, a backlight light source and a high-speed camera; the computer is connected with a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card is connected with temperature and pressure sensors in the visual reaction system, and the backlight light source is arranged on the rotary supporting plate; the high-speed camera comprises a square CCD camera and a side CCD camera; the side CCD camera is used for shooting the states of two ends of the fully-visible high-pressure round pipe; the square CCD camera is used for shooting the state of the tube body on the front side of the full-visible high-pressure round tube;
the main high-pressure visible kettle, the high-speed camera and the driving control system are all positioned in the low-temperature constant-temperature chamber.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the full-visual high-pressure circular pipe is 40mm, the effective length is 706mm, the total volume is 755ml, the pressure resistance is 7MPa, and the lowest working temperature is-10 ℃.
Further, the middle section of the full-visual high-pressure round pipe can be replaced by a blind pipe and a bent pipe, so that hydrate blockage experiments of different positions of the pipeline are met.
Furthermore, the air supply and exhaust pipelines and the liquid injection pipeline are connected by connecting hoses.
The method for realizing the evaluation research of the hydrate inhibitor by using the visual swing kettle device for inhibiting the pipeline hydrate blockage comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing in an early stage;
cleaning the main high-pressure visible kettle, and turning on a backlight light source;
before each experiment, the main high-pressure visual kettle is cleaned by soapy water, the surfactant is washed away by deionized water, and the wastewater is poured into a liquid wastewater collector; after cleaning, blowing out residual liquid in the kettle by using an air compressor to ensure that a visual window is clean and free of dirt, and turning on a backlight light source;
secondly, leak detection is carried out on the connecting pipeline and the system;
connecting a quick connector at a gas source with a kettle body pipeline, opening a gas injection valve, closing an exhaust valve, adjusting a pressure reduction valve to set pressure, opening a gas cylinder, filling gas into the kettle, standing, and checking a leakage point by using leakage detection liquid; in the experiment, after standing for 2 hours, the pressure in the data acquisition system shows no change, and the system is considered to be airtight.
Thirdly, vacuumizing the system;
after leak detection, discharging gas, opening a liquid injection valve under atmospheric conditions, and inputting deionized water and an ethylene glycol inhibitor; connecting a vacuum pump, opening for 10-20 minutes, and disconnecting the vacuum pump when the vacuum degree is constant to 0.1kPa, wherein the vacuum pumping is considered to be finished;
fourthly, focusing;
adjusting the intensity of a backlight light source, adjusting the position of a high-speed camera frame and the focal length of a camera lens, and observing a computer screen until the computer screen presents the clearest image;
fifthly, pressurizing the kettle body;
opening a high-pressure gas cylinder, adjusting a pressure reducing valve to a target pressure, opening a gas injection valve, slowly injecting gas into the kettle until the pressure is increased to a target pressure value, opening a driving control system, setting a swing angle and a swing frequency, enabling the kettle body to swing for more than 1h, enabling the gas to enter a liquid phase to be saturated at the moment, and stabilizing pressure readings;
sixthly, opening a refrigeration system;
opening a switch of the refrigeration house, adjusting to an automatic gear, setting parameters of the low-temperature thermostatic chamber, adjusting to a set temperature, and automatically cooling the low-temperature thermostatic chamber;
seventhly, measuring experimental parameters;
acquiring experimental data, storing the data in a disk, setting a disk storage period according to experimental requirements, and recording the time-dependent change values of the temperature and the pressure in the kettle; and simultaneously opening the square CCD camera and the side CCD camera to obtain the dynamic process of the change of the hydrate form in the visible kettle along with the time. Meanwhile, in order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and reduce the experiment error, each group of experiments are repeated for three times, and the average value is taken as the measured value under the working condition.
After the steps, the system is naturally recovered to the room temperature, gas and liquid are discharged after the hydrate is decomposed, and the pipeline is cleaned, so that the system is recovered to the initial state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the swing kettle has large capacity and can simulate the blockage of the pipeline hydrate more truly;
the middle section of the full-visual high-pressure circular pipe can be replaced by special pipeline forms such as a blind pipe, a bent pipe and the like, so that hydrate blockage experiments at different positions of the pipeline are met;
a large wide-angle lens and a large-size CCD camera are adopted to provide full visual conditions for a visual reaction system, and the growth form change of the hydrate in the tube can be observed in real time from the square and the side;
the visual reaction system can be driven to swing by a driving motor of the driving control system, so that the swing frequency and the swing angle of the visual reaction system are changed, the flowing state of the fluid in the pipe is further adjusted, and the flowing of the fluid in the pipe is simulated;
the temperature control system adopts an air cooling refrigeration mode of a low-temperature thermostatic chamber, so that the problem of surface fogging of a full-visible high-pressure circular pipe is solved; the hydrate inhibitor can be injected through an injection pipeline, and the hydrate inhibitor inhibition effect under the fluid flow condition is evaluated.
The whole system is easy to build, simple and convenient to operate and low in system cost. In conclusion, the full-visual swing kettle device and method applied to evaluation and research of hydrate pipeline blockage and inhibitors can provide multiphase flow conditions in the pipeline and provide technical and data support for flow safety guarantee problems in the deep-sea oil and gas pipeline transportation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visual swing kettle device for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving connection mode of a visual swing kettle device for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a data acquisition system in the visual swing kettle device for inhibiting the blockage of the pipeline hydrate according to the invention;
in the figure: 1, a liquid storage tank; 2, a constant-flow liquid injection pump; 3 a methane concentration sensor; 4, a heat exchanger; 5, a low-temperature thermostatic chamber; 6 driving a linear motor; 7 rotating the supporting plate; 8, fully visible high-pressure round pipes; 9 temperature and pressure sensors; 10 side CCD camera; 11 a safety valve; 12 a pressure reducing valve; 13 high-pressure gas cylinders; 14 a data acquisition system; 15 driving the control box; 16 a temperature sensor; 17 an exhaust valve; 18 square CCD cameras; 19 fixing the bracket; 20, a liquid injection valve; 21 connecting a hose; 22 an air injection valve; 23 fastening the upper plate; 24 connecting a pull rod; 25 a drive rack; 26 driving gears; 27 a rack and pinion drive shaft; 28, a clamp; 29 righting the shaft sleeve; 30 fastening the lower plate; 31 a visual window at the end of the tube; a 32-end flange; 33 main autoclave visual kettle.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, a high-pressure gas bottle 13 is adopted as a gas source of the experimental system, and in order to ensure the safety of a system pipeline, a high-pressure gas reducing valve 12 and a safety valve 11 are additionally arranged between the gas source and a gas injection valve 22, so that the gas pressure is automatically released when the gas pressure is overloaded, and the working safety is ensured. The constant-flow liquid injection pump 2 injects the solution from the liquid storage tank 1 into the main high-pressure visible kettle 33, and the flow is controlled by the liquid injection valve 20. Need the evacuation after injecting solution into the cauldron to prevent that the air from causing the influence to methane gas hydrate, need use air compressor to weather the remaining liquid in the cauldron after every group experiment is accomplished, prevent that the liquid after the hydrate decomposes from the secondary generation hydrate in next group experiment. The gas-liquid injection and discharge portions are connected by a connection hose 21. The rotating support plate 7 and the fixed bracket 19 function as a support and a fixing.
Two ends of the kettle body are provided with 2 temperature sensors and 2 pressure sensors 9, and the temperature and pressure change characteristics in the hydrate generation and decomposition process are measured by processing the obtained data by a computer.
The laboratory computer is equipped with a data acquisition system 14 software that allows setting the measurement time intervals and automatically recording the pressure and temperature and processing the images taken by the cameras, as shown in fig. 3. Because the fully visible high-pressure round pipe 8 is adopted, the deposition and blockage dynamic process of hydrate in the experimental process is recorded by the side CCD camera 10 and the square CCD camera 18, and the acquired image is used for image processing and analysis.
The drive control box 15 adopts C # assembly language to compile the control language of the drive linear motor 6, can make the cauldron body that sways realize clockwise, anticlockwise rotation and adjust cauldron body position, can make the cauldron body realize different angles, different frequency and sway the motion, make the interior fluid of cauldron present the flow under the different operating modes.
In fig. 2, the fastening upper plate 23, the fastening lower plate 30 and the connecting pull rod 24 form a frame structure of the swing bracket, and after anti-corrosion treatment, the relevant swing shaft mechanism, linear bearings and the like are made of ceramic materials, so that the whole bracket can be placed in a low-temperature and humid environment. The linear electric cylinder drives the transmission gear 26 to drive the rack 25 for transmission, the rack and pinion transmission shaft 27 controls the angle of the kettle body, the clamp 28 clamps the kettle body, and the centering shaft sleeve 29 ensures that the kettle body cannot deviate, so that the swinging motion is realized. And the swing of accurate angle and frequency is realized through the control of a servo motor.
The low-temperature thermostatic chamber 5 exchanges heat through the heat exchanger 4, and the temperature in the cold storage is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 16. Considering that the experiment operator can operate the control console conveniently, the control console and the data acquisition panel are placed outside the cold storage, and the camera in the cold storage is used for observing and recording the swinging of the kettle body in the cold storage and the experiment reaction process. The computer display is divided into screens, one display screen is placed on the control table, the other display screen is placed in the cold storage, and experimental data can be observed conveniently when experimenters operate in the cold storage. The high-pressure gas cylinder is arranged outside the refrigeration house, so that the influence caused by temperature fluctuation is avoided. Meanwhile, the refrigeration house is provided with a methane concentration sensor 3, so that the concentration of methane in the refrigeration house can be detected, and the danger caused by methane leakage is avoided.
Claims (5)
1. A visual swing kettle device for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage is characterized by comprising a main high-pressure visual kettle (33), a driving control system, a gas-liquid injection and discharge system, a temperature control system and a data acquisition system (14);
the main body of the main high-pressure visual kettle (33) is a section of full-visual high-pressure round pipe (8), end flanges (32) are arranged at two ends of the main high-pressure visual kettle, temperature and pressure sensors (9) and gas-liquid inlet and outlet valves are respectively arranged on the end flanges (32), a pipe end visual window (31) is arranged on each end flange (32), a rotary supporting plate (7) is arranged on the side surface of the full-visual high-pressure round pipe (8), and the pipe body of the full-visual high-pressure round pipe (8) and the pipe end visual windows at the two ends are made of high-strength glass;
the fully-visible high-pressure circular pipe (8) consists of three sections, and each two sections are connected by a flange;
the driving control system comprises a driving control box (15), a driving linear motor (6), a transmission rack (25), a transmission gear (26) and a gear rack transmission shaft (27), wherein the driving linear motor (6) is arranged on a fixed support (19); the driving control box (15) drives the transmission rack (25) to move by controlling the driving linear motor (6), the transmission rack (25) is meshed with the transmission gear (26) to drive the transmission gear (26) to rotate, the transmission gear (26) is fixedly connected with the gear and rack transmission shaft (27) to drive the gear and rack transmission shaft (27) to transmit; the gear rack transmission shaft (27) is connected with the rotary support plate (7);
the drive control system is used for setting the initial position of the main high-pressure visual kettle (33) by adjusting the angle of the rotary support plate (7) and simulating the fluctuation angle of the pipeline; the swing angle is +/-60 degrees adjustable, the swing frequency is 0-40 Hz, the flow velocity of the fluid is 0.01-0.2 m/s adjustable, and the flow state of the fluid can be transited from laminar flow to turbulent flow;
the gas-liquid injection and discharge system comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder (13), a pressure reducing valve (12), a safety valve (11), a steam injection valve (22), an exhaust valve (17), a gas supply pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, a liquid storage tank (1), a constant-flow liquid injection pump (2), a liquid injection valve (20) and a liquid injection pipeline; the high-pressure gas cylinder (13), the pressure reducing valve (12) and the safety valve (11) are sequentially connected through a gas supply line and are connected to a gas injection valve (22); the liquid storage tank (1) and the constant-flow liquid injection pump (2) are sequentially connected through a liquid injection pipeline and are connected to a liquid injection valve (20), and the exhaust valve (17) is connected with an exhaust pipeline;
the temperature control system is a low-temperature thermostatic chamber (5) which adopts an air cooling refrigeration mode, a hydrate gas concentration sensor is arranged in the chamber, and temperature sensors (16) are arranged around the low-temperature thermostatic chamber (5); the temperature of the low-temperature thermostatic chamber is adjusted to change the environmental temperature of the visual reaction system;
the data acquisition system (14) comprises a computer, a data acquisition card, a backlight light source and a high-speed camera; the computer is connected with a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card is connected with a temperature and pressure sensor (9) in the visual reaction system, and a backlight light source is arranged on a rotary supporting plate (7); the high-speed camera comprises a square CCD camera (18) and a side CCD camera (10); the side CCD camera (10) is used for shooting the states of the two ends of the full-visible high-pressure round pipe (8); the square CCD camera (18) is used for shooting the state of the front pipe body of the full-visible high-pressure round pipe (8);
the main high-pressure visible kettle (33), the high-speed camera and the drive control system are all positioned in the low-temperature thermostatic chamber (5).
2. The visual rocking kettle device for inhibiting the pipeline hydrate blockage according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the full visual high-pressure circular pipe (8) is 40mm, the effective length is 706mm, the total volume is 755ml, the pressure resistance is 7MPa, and the lowest working temperature is-10 ℃.
3. The visual rocking kettle device for inhibiting the hydrate blockage of the pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the middle section of the full-visual high-pressure round pipe (8) can be replaced by a blind pipe and a bent pipe, so that the hydrate blockage experiment of different positions of the pipeline is met.
4. The visual rocking kettle device for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage according to claim 1, wherein the gas supply line, the gas exhaust line and the liquid injection line are all provided with connecting hoses (21).
5. The method for realizing evaluation research of hydrate inhibitors by using the visual rocking kettle device for inhibiting pipeline hydrate blockage according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preparing in an early stage;
cleaning the main high-pressure visible kettle (33), and turning on a backlight light source;
secondly, leak detection is carried out on the connecting pipeline and the system;
thirdly, vacuumizing the system;
after leakage detection, gas is discharged, a liquid injection valve (20) is opened under the atmospheric condition, and deionized water and ethylene glycol inhibitor are input; connecting a vacuum pump, opening for 10-20 minutes, and disconnecting the vacuum pump when the vacuum degree is constant to 0.1kPa, wherein the vacuum pumping is considered to be finished;
fourthly, focusing;
adjusting the intensity of a backlight light source, adjusting the position of a high-speed camera frame and the focal length of a camera lens, and observing a computer screen until the computer screen presents the clearest image;
fifthly, pressurizing the kettle body;
opening a high-pressure gas cylinder (13), adjusting a pressure reducing valve (12) to a target pressure, opening a gas injection valve (22), slowly injecting gas into the kettle until the pressure is increased to a target pressure value, opening a driving control system, setting a swing angle and a swing frequency, enabling the kettle to swing for more than 1h, enabling the gas to enter a liquid phase to be saturated at the moment, and stabilizing the pressure reading;
sixthly, opening a refrigeration system;
opening a switch of the refrigeration house, adjusting to an automatic gear, setting parameters of the low-temperature thermostatic chamber (5), adjusting to a set temperature, and automatically cooling the low-temperature thermostatic chamber (5);
seventhly, measuring experimental parameters;
acquiring experimental data, and recording the change values of temperature and pressure in the kettle along with time; and simultaneously opening the square CCD camera (18) and the side CCD camera (10) to obtain the dynamic process of the hydrate form in the visible kettle changing along with the time.
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| CN111965302A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-20 | 大连理工大学 | Experimental device for be arranged in studying deep sea transportation pipeline blind pipe department hydrate |
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| CN114019115A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-02-08 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Reaction system and method for rapidly screening hydrate inhibitor |
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