CN111022052A - Continuous mining method by dividing and layering - Google Patents
Continuous mining method by dividing and layering Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for continuous mining by dividing and layering, which belongs to the technical field of mining methods and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of early exploration simulation, ore deposit exploitation, accurate mining and cutting of ore blocks, ore block stoping, ore removal and filling management; the method comprises the steps of intelligent detection, 2D mapping 3D modeling, 3D simulated mining, searching and detecting of minerals by using intelligent equipment, 2D mapping 3D modeling of detected ore veins, determining the spatial position and the storage of the ore veins, determining a mining scheme by using computer 3D simulated mining, exploiting an ore deposit by using intelligent mechanical equipment, mining ore bodies in a partitioned and layered mode, realizing green development and protecting the environment, reasonably using filling materials, saving the filling materials while ensuring the strength, reducing the cost, realizing intelligentization, mechanization and continuous mining and ore removal, reducing the labor intensity of operators, and having good safety and good operating environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, in particular to a partitioned and stratified continuous mining method.
Background
Many mineral veins are deeply buried in the underground environment and are complex, the technical level of the traditional mining mode is far from being adapted to the mining requirement of modern mineral resources, and partial deep mineral resources are not fully utilized. In addition, the traditional mining mode can cause severe environmental problems, the ground surface is seriously damaged in the mining process, the mechanical proportion is low, the mining efficiency is low, the labor intensity of workers is high, and continuous and mechanical production cannot be realized.
When underground mines are mined, the ground surface often subsides and collapses to different degrees along with the mining of underground rock masses and ores, and the geological environment and the ecological environment of the ground surface in a mining area are seriously damaged. In recent years, with the national importance of environmental protection, land use and the like, mining underground ores by adopting a filling method instead of other mining methods has become a necessary trend in the development of mining technologies. The filling method has the advantages of strong adaptability, high mineral resource recovery rate, low dilution rate, safe operation, surface environment protection, secondary utilization of industrial waste and the like. And the strength of the cemented filling body can be manually controlled, reasonable filling strength can be designed according to the characteristics of the surrounding rock and the size of the dead zone, the cost is controlled as much as possible while the stability of the surrounding rock is maintained, and the cemented filling is widely applied.
The conventional full cemented filling method can maintain the stability of the stope for a long time, but because a large amount of filling materials are consumed, when the method is applied to mines with high depletion rate, the mining cost is too high, and the mining is not favorable. In the prior art, a downward access partial filling mining method is adopted, wherein the mining is divided into a complete filling layer and a spacing filling layer vertically and upwardly alternately, the complete filling layer is completely filled, and the spacing filling layer is filled in a strip shape at a certain distance, so that 50% of filling materials can be saved in the layer, and 25% of filling materials can be saved compared with the whole layer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for continuous mining by layers, which can improve the level and the production efficiency of intelligent mining equipment, optimize filling mining and save cost.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts a layered continuous mining method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of early exploration simulation, ore deposit exploitation, ore block mining accurate cutting, ore block stoping, ore removal and filling management, namely, an ore body is divided into regions and layered, three ore regions are set to be an stoping unit, ore blocks are layered from top to bottom in the stoping unit, stoping is conducted from top to bottom in a layered mode, then ore falling stoping of a vertical part filling layer and a horizontal part filling layer is conducted by a 'mining-in-one-separating' method, and all stoping regions are completed in sequence.
Preferably, the ore block is cut accurately, the ore body is divided into the ore blocks in a partitioning mode, the ore blocks are arranged along the trend of the ore body, every three ore blocks are set to be an extraction unit, the extraction unit comprises a first ore block, a second ore block and a third ore block, the ore blocks are layered from top to bottom, top-down layered extraction is carried out, the length and the width of each ore block are the width of the ore body, a layered extraction roadway is arranged on one side of each ore block, the layered extraction roadway is vertically connected with a layered haulage roadway, the layered haulage roadway is connected with a drop shaft through a layered drop shaft connecting channel, and a supporting rock body is arranged between each ore block and each ore block.
Preferably, the ore block ore falling and stoping is realized by using a heading machine ore falling to replace the ore falling in the traditional blasting mining caving process, a cutting head of the heading machine cuts and crushes the ore, and the cut ore falls on a conveying device arranged below the heading machine.
Preferably, the ore removal operation is carried out in a stoping roadway, the rotary cutting head conveys the cut ore bodies to a conveying belt in the stoping roadway through a loading and conveying device of the heading machine, and the ore bodies are conveyed to a layered conveying roadway, a layered chute connecting channel and a chute through a conveying belt to finish the stoping layered ore removal operation.
Preferably, the filling management comprises a vertical part filling layer and a horizontal part filling layer, the vertical part filling layer and the horizontal part filling layer are alternately distributed on the ore block from top to bottom, and the heights of the vertical part filling layer and the horizontal part filling layer are the same.
Preferably, the vertical part filling layer is perpendicular to the stoping roadway and is provided with a plurality of first stoping areas and second stoping areas, the widths of the first stoping areas and the second stoping areas are the same, the first stoping areas and the second stoping areas are alternately distributed, a 'one-mining-one-by-one' method is adopted, the heading machine firstly carries out ore falling stoping of the second stoping areas, after the stoping operation of the second stoping areas is finished, the ore falling stoping of the adjacent second stoping areas is carried out, meanwhile, the second stoping areas are filled, the second stoping areas are all finished in sequence, after the filling body meets the design strength, then the stoping operation of the first stoping areas is carried out, the ore falling stoping of the adjacent first stoping areas is carried out, and the first stoping areas are all finished in sequence.
Preferably, the transverse part filling layer is parallel to the stoping roadway and is provided with a plurality of first stoping areas and second stoping areas, the widths of the first stoping areas and the second stoping areas are the same, the first stoping areas and the second stoping areas are alternately distributed, the first stoping areas and the second stoping areas of the transverse part filling layer are the same as the widths of the first stoping areas and the second stoping areas of the vertical part filling layer, a method of 'separating mining one' is adopted, the heading machine firstly carries out ore dropping stoping of the first stoping areas, carries out ore dropping stoping of the adjacent first stoping areas after the stoping operation of the first stoping areas is finished, simultaneously carries out filling of the first stoping areas, carries out ore dropping stoping operation of the second stoping areas after the filling bodies accord with the design strength, carries out ore dropping stoping operation of the adjacent second stoping areas after the stoping operation of the second stoping areas is finished, and finishing all the second recovery areas in sequence.
Preferably, after the first layer of operation is completed on the first ore block, the heading machine can perform the first layer of operation on the second ore block during filling, and simultaneously perform excavation and early preparation work on a roadway by the third ore block.
Preferably, the early exploration simulation comprises intelligent detection, 2D mapping 3D modeling and 3D simulated mining, the intelligent detection is that intelligent equipment is used for searching the vein according to a basic geological research theory, the position of the vein is accurately found, the physical properties of the mine stratum and the trend and the layering of the vein are detected, the 2D mapping 3D modeling is carried out, the data computers for detecting the physical properties of the mine stratum and the trend and the layering of the vein are carried out by 2D mapping and the 3D modeling is simultaneously completed, the spatial position and the storage amount of the vein are determined, the 3D simulated mining is carried out, the mining scheme is designed by using the graphic data obtained by mapping, and the mining optimization technical scheme is simulated on the computer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the mining scheme can be designed through surveying and mapping data, the scheme can be optimized through 3D simulation, the rhythm of the whole mining process is accelerated, the time for finding the ore and designing the optimization scheme is saved, and the scheme can be guaranteed to be the optimal scheme. The mining method is characterized in that ore bodies are layered in a partitioning mode, three ore areas are set to be one mining unit, the process of the ore areas in each mining unit is continuous, namely, early-stage preparation, medium-stage cutting and mining, later-stage filling, equipment and personnel are reasonably equipped to ensure that various processes are coordinated and consistent, the personnel and equipment can be used for improving the operation efficiency to the maximum degree, the operation time is saved, meanwhile, the mining units have independence and do not intersect with each other, mining of ore blocks can be carried out synchronously, cross interference of the units is reduced, operation of the personnel and equipment is concentrated in a limited space, complexity of production organization and scheduling is changed, work efficiency is improved, and the mining efficiency of the whole ore vein is remarkably improved due to the fact that a plurality of mining units are used for mining simultaneously. The development machine is used for replacing the traditional blasting mining process, the environment of a mining area can be improved, the environmental protection is facilitated, the safety of mining area operation is improved, mechanized and continuous mining and ore removal can be realized through a layered and partitioned stoping mode, the safety of mining area operation is improved, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. The filling method of the filling layer is changed, so that the volume of each filling layer is 50% of that of each layer, the total filling volume is 50% of that of the whole goaf, compared with complete filling, the filling material is obviously reduced, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the invention along the vein.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along line C-C of fig. 1, showing the completed first block.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along line 2A-a, showing the structure of the vertical portion of the fill layer.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along line 2B-B, showing the structure of the lateral portion of the fill layer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a recovery unit of the present invention after completion of filling.
1-stope roof; 2-a recovery unit; 21-first lump; 211-vertical partial fill; 211-1-first recovery zone; 211-2-second recovery zone; 212-lateral partial fill layer; 212-1-first recovery zone; 212-2-second recovery zone; 22-second lump; 23-a third lump; 3-stope floor; 4-supporting the rock mass; 5-layered mining roadways; 6-layered transportation roadway; 7-layered draw shaft connecting passage; 8-slipping the mine;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
The invention adopts a layered continuous mining method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of early exploration simulation, ore deposit exploitation, accurate mining and cutting of ore blocks, ore block stoping, ore removal and filling management. The early exploration simulation comprises intelligent detection, 2D mapping 3D modeling, 3D simulated mining and filling management comprising a vertical part filling layer and a transverse part filling layer. Firstly, intelligent equipment is used for searching the mine vein according to the basic geological research theory, the position of the mine vein is detected and accurately, the physical property of the mine stratum and the trend and the layering of the mine vein are detected, the data of the physical property of the detected mine stratum, the trend and the layering of the mine vein and the like are input into a computer platform, a computer network and an information processing intersection system carry out two-dimensional drawing mapping according to the obtained data, the two-dimensional drawing is converted into a three-dimensional space model to complete 3D modeling, the space position and the reserve of the mine vein are determined through the 3D model, 3D simulated mining is realized by inputting the graphic data obtained by mapping into the computer platform, the computer platform utilizes the completed 3D model and the integrated data to calculate and design a mining scheme, the scheme is used for simulating the whole mining process on a computer, the advantages and the disadvantages of the scheme are found, and then reasonable optimization is carried out on the disadvantages, therefore, an optimal scheme is obtained, the rhythm of the whole mining process is accelerated, the time is saved, the underground well trace design, the ore deposit exploitation, the ore block exploitation accuracy are optimally planned and designed by utilizing a huge computer network and an information processing intersection system, the collision danger analysis, the drilling tool combination design, the drill analysis ore deposit exploitation design, the ore block exploitation accuracy scheme and other series of controllable intelligent operations are achieved, the accuracy and the safety of the well trace design, the ore deposit exploitation and the ore block exploitation accuracy are realized, and the quality is guaranteed.
Divide into each ore block with ore body subregion, the ore block is arranged along the ore body trend, every three ore block sets up to a mining unit 2, mutually independent process is not criss-cross between the mining unit 2, a mining unit 2 includes first ore block 21, second ore block 22, third ore block 23, carry out the layering with ore block top-down, for single ore block mining mode is top-down's layering mining, for a mining unit 2 mining mode is for accomplishing the first layer of three ore block mining in proper order mining again the mining of next floor, the length and the width of ore block are the ore body width, every ore block one side is provided with layering mining tunnel 5, layering mining tunnel 5 connects layering haulage roadway 6 perpendicularly, layering haulage roadway 6 is connected with the ore through layering drop shaft connecting channel 7, be provided with support rock mass 4 between ore block and the ore block. The ore falling of the development machine replaces the ore falling of the traditional blasting mining caving process, can improve the working environment of the mining area and is beneficial to environmental protection, meanwhile, the safety of the operation of the mining area is improved, a first ore block is stoped in a first layer by using a heading machine in a layer stoping roadway 5, a cut ore body is conveyed to a conveying belt in the layer stoping roadway 5 by a rotary cutting head through a loading and conveying device of the heading machine, the layer stoping roadway 5 is vertically connected with a layer conveying roadway 6, the layer conveying roadway 6 is connected with a chute 8 through a layer chute connecting passage 7, the ore body is conveyed to a stope chute 8 through a conveying belt to complete the stope layered ore removal work, mechanical equipment is adopted from ore cutting and extraction, the ore is conveyed to ore removal in a roadway, the degree of mechanization is improved, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the working efficiency of mining is improved, and meanwhile, the whole underground mining environment is effectively improved.
And filling management can be carried out while ore falling and stoping, the filling management comprises a vertical part filling layer 211 and a transverse part filling layer 212, the vertical part filling layer 211 and the transverse part filling layer 212 are alternately distributed on each ore block from top to bottom, and the vertical part filling layer 211 and the transverse part filling layer 212 are the same in height. The vertical part filling layer 211 is perpendicular to the stoping roadway 5 and is provided with a plurality of first stoping areas 211-1 and second stoping areas 211-2, the widths of the first stoping areas 211-1 and the second stoping areas 211-2 are the same, the first stoping areas 211-1 and the second stoping areas 211-2 are alternately distributed, a 'one-off mining one' method is adopted, a heading machine firstly excavates a stoping route along the direction of the stoping roadway, then carries out ore dropping and stoping of the second stoping areas 211-2, after the stoping operation of the second stoping areas 211-2 is finished, a heading machine carries out ore dropping and stoping to the adjacent second stoping areas 211-2, meanwhile, the second stoping areas 211-2 are filled after the stoping is finished, according to the mode, all the stoping and filling of the second stoping areas 211-2 are finished in turn, after the design of a filling body accords with the strength, and then carrying out the stoping operation of the first stoping area 211-1, carrying out ore falling stoping of the adjacent first stoping area 211-1 after the stoping operation of the first stoping area 211-1 is finished, sequentially and completely finishing the first stoping area 211-1, filling stoping access roads in a vertical filling mode after all the equipment exits from the stoping area, and then completely finishing the stoping filling of the filling layer of the vertical part of the ore block. The transverse part filling layer 212 is parallel to the stoping roadway 5 and is provided with a plurality of first stoping areas 212-1 and second stoping areas 212-2, the first stoping areas 212-1 and the second stoping areas 212-2 are the same in width, the first stoping areas 212-1 and the second stoping areas 212-2 are alternately distributed, the first stoping areas 212-1 and the second stoping areas 212-2 of the transverse part filling layer are the same in width and cross-sectional area as the first stoping areas 211-1 and the second stoping areas 211-2 of the vertical part filling layer 211, a method of 'mining one spacing' is adopted, a heading machine firstly excavates a stoping route along a direction vertical to the stoping roadway, then carries out ore falling stoping of the first stoping area 212-1, and after the stoping operation of the first stoping area 212-1 is completed, the heading machine carries out ore falling stoping to the adjacent first stoping area 212-1, simultaneously, the mining of the first stope area 212-1 is finished, the stope filling of the first stope area 212-1 is finished in sequence according to the method, and the stope operation of the second stope area 212-2 is carried out after the filling body meets the design strength, after the stoping operation of the second stoping area 212-2 is finished, ore falling and stoping of the adjacent second stoping area 212-2 are carried out, the second stoping area 212-2 is completely finished in sequence, after each device withdraws from the stoping area, stoping access is filled in a transverse filling mode, stoping and filling of the transverse part filling layer of the ore block are completely finished, and compared with the traditional full filling mode, the filling mode saves 50% of filling materials, the filling ratio is obviously reduced on the premise of ensuring the stability of the stope, the filling cost is reduced, and the vegetation environment of the ground surface of the stope is protected to accord with the environmental protection concept by ensuring that the ground surface of the whole stope is not settled and collapsed.
In a mining unit 2, when the heading machine carries out mining operation of a first ore block 21, excavation of a roadway and a mining route of a second ore block 22 and division of a mining area can be carried out, after the first ore block 21 finishes first-layer operation and first-layer filling is carried out, the heading machine can immediately enter a first layer of the second ore block 22 to carry out mining operation, excavation of a roadway and a mining route of a third ore block 23, division of the mining area and early-stage preparation work are carried out, after the first-layer operation of the third ore block 23 is finished, the first-layer filling strength of the first ore block 21 reaches the standard, second-layer operation of the first ore block 21 can be carried out, continuous mechanized mining can be realized according to the method, and intelligent equipment is real-time cooperated with the relationship between the production operation amount, the operation time and the operation space of each mining procedure, personnel and equipment configuration of each cemented area is optimized, the personnel and equipment on the operation chain are reasonably organized, the coordination of various procedures is ensured to be consistent, the working time is saved, and the working efficiency is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A layered continuous mining method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of early exploration simulation, ore deposit exploitation, ore block mining accurate cutting, ore block stoping, ore removal and filling management, an ore body is divided and layered, three ore areas are set to be an stoping unit (2), the ore blocks are layered from top to bottom in the stoping unit (2) and are stoped from top to bottom in a layered mode, then ore falling stoping of a vertical part filling layer (211) and a horizontal part filling layer (212) is carried out by a 'mining-in-one-separating' method, and all stoping areas are completed in sequence.
2. A method of zonal continuous mining according to claim 1, characterised in that: the ore block mining and cutting method specifically comprises the following steps: divide into each ore block with ore body subregion, the ore block is arranged along the ore body trend, every three ore block sets up to an extraction unit (2), extraction unit (2) include first ore block (21), second ore block (22), third ore block (23), carry out the layering with ore block top-down, carry out top-down layering extraction, the length and the width of ore block are the ore body width, every ore block one side is provided with layering extraction tunnel (5), layering haulage roadway (6) are connected perpendicularly in layering extraction tunnel (5), layering haulage roadway (6) are connected with ore pass (8) through layering drop shaft connecting channel (7), be provided with between ore block and the ore block and support rock mass (4).
3. A method of zonal continuous mining according to claim 1, characterised in that: the ore block ore falling and mining are carried out, the ore falling of the tunneling machine is used for replacing the ore falling of the traditional blasting mining caving process, the cutting head of the tunneling machine cuts and crushes the ore, and the cut ore falls on the conveying device arranged below the tunneling machine.
4. A method of zonal continuous mining according to claim 1, characterised in that: the ore removal operation is carried out in the layered stoping roadway (5), the cut ore bodies are conveyed to a conveying belt in the layered stoping roadway (5) by a rotary cutting head through a loading and conveying device of the heading machine, and the ore bodies are conveyed to a layered conveying roadway (6), a layered chute connecting passage (7) and a chute (8) through the conveying belt to finish the mining layered ore removal operation.
5. A method of zonal continuous mining according to claim 1, characterised in that: the filling management comprises a vertical part filling layer (211) and a transverse part filling layer (212), the vertical part filling layer (211) and the transverse part filling layer (212) are alternately distributed on the ore block from top to bottom, and the vertical part filling layer (211) and the transverse part filling layer (212) are the same in layer height.
6. A method of stratified continuous mining as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the vertical part filling layer (211) is provided with a plurality of first recovery areas (211-1) and second recovery areas (211-2) in the vertical part filling layer (211) perpendicular to a recovery roadway, the widths of the first recovery areas (211-1) and the second recovery areas (211-2) are the same, the first recovery areas (211-1) and the second recovery areas (211-2) are alternately distributed, a method of 'separating mining one' is adopted, a heading machine firstly carries out ore falling recovery of the second recovery areas (211-2), after the recovery operation of the second recovery areas (211-2) is completed, carries out ore falling recovery of adjacent second recovery areas (211-2), simultaneously carries out filling of the second recovery areas (211-2) after the mining is completed, sequentially and completely completes the second recovery areas (211-2), after a filling body meets the design strength, and then carrying out the recovery operation of the first recovery area (211-1), carrying out ore breaking recovery of the adjacent first recovery area (211-1) after the recovery operation of the first recovery area (211-1) is finished, and sequentially finishing all the first recovery areas (211-1).
7. A zonal continuous mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that the transversal partial fill (212) is provided with a plurality of first recovery zones (212-1) and second recovery zones (212-2) in the transversal partial fill (212) parallel to the stoping roadway (5), the first recovery zones (212-1) and the second recovery zones (212-2) have the same width, and the first recovery zones (212-1) and the second recovery zones (212-2) are alternately distributed, and the first recovery zones (212-1) and the second recovery zones (212-2) of the transversal partial fill (212) have the same width and the same cross-sectional area as the first recovery zones (212-1) and the second recovery zones (212-2) of the vertical partial fill (211), and the roadheader performs the stoping and ore dropping stoping of the first recovery zones (212-1) first by adopting the method of 'every one mining', and after the recovery operation of the first recovery area (212-1) is completed, ore falling recovery of the adjacent first recovery area (212-1) is carried out, filling of the first recovery area (212-1) after recovery is completed is carried out at the same time, all the first recovery area (212-1) are completed in sequence, after the filling body meets the design strength, recovery operation of the second recovery area (212-2) is carried out, after the recovery operation of the second recovery area (212-2) is completed, ore falling recovery of the adjacent second recovery area (212-2) is carried out, and all the second recovery area (212-2) are completed in sequence.
8. A method of stratified continuous mining as claimed in claim 7, wherein: after first layer operation is accomplished in first ore block (21), the entry driving machine can carry out the operation of second ore block (22) first layer when filling, carry out the excavation and the preliminary preparation work in third ore block (23) tunnel simultaneously, after the operation of third ore block (23) first layer is accomplished, the first layer of first ore block (21) filling and gluing intensity has reached standard and can carry out the operation of first ore block (21) second layer this moment, analogize in proper order and realize continuous mechanized mining, and intelligent device regulates and control in real time, the process that makes each ore block has the continuity, ensure that the orderly going on of each process.
9. A method of stratified continuous mining as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the early exploration simulation comprises intelligent detection, 2D mapping 3D modeling and 3D simulated mining, wherein the intelligent detection is to search for the ore vein by using intelligent equipment, detect the physical properties of the stratum of the mine and the trend and the layering of the ore vein; 2D mapping 3D modeling, namely performing 2D mapping on physical properties of a detected mine stratum, the trend and layered data of the vein by using a computer, completing 3D modeling, and determining the spatial position and the reserve of the vein; and 3D simulating mining, designing a mining scheme by using the graphic data obtained by mapping, and simulating a mining optimization scheme on a computer.
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