CN111016351A - 一种透气耐磨的无纺布及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种透气耐磨的无纺布及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN111016351A
CN111016351A CN201911420083.9A CN201911420083A CN111016351A CN 111016351 A CN111016351 A CN 111016351A CN 201911420083 A CN201911420083 A CN 201911420083A CN 111016351 A CN111016351 A CN 111016351A
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resistant
parts
woven fabric
alkyd resin
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何龙光
谢海燕
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Anhui Lvyuan Polymer Material Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Lvyuan Polymer Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种透气耐磨的无纺布，由如下重量份原料制成：15‑20份聚酯树脂，10‑20份改性醇酸树脂，25‑50份亚麻纤维，12‑25份天然橡胶，55‑70份蚕丝，10‑25份尼龙；将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入偶联剂，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；本发明还公开了一种透气耐磨的无纺布的制备工艺；本发明解决了现有的无纺布具有优良的透气性能，但是不具备耐磨性能，而且通过醇酸树脂制备耐磨纤维过程中醇酸数值具有良好的润湿性能，附着力强，但是其稳定性差，耐候性较弱的技术问题。

Description

一种透气耐磨的无纺布及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布制备技术领域，具体为一种透气耐磨的无纺布及其制备工艺。
背景技术
由于无纺布制品色彩丰富、鲜艳明快、时尚环保、用途广泛、美观大方，图案和款式都多样，且质轻、环保、可循环再用，被国际公认为保护地球生态的环保产品；已广泛应用于农用薄膜、制鞋、制革、床垫、子母被、装饰、化工、印刷、汽车、建材，家具等行业；但是普通无纺布耐磨性能较差，无法满足需要耐磨性能的需求。
中国发明专利CN103653459A公开了一种耐磨无纺布，所述的一种耐磨无纺布是由无纺布本体，聚酰胺纤维和铜纤维组合而成，其中，所述的无纺布本体占所述的一种耐磨无纺布的质量百分比的32％-43％，所述的聚酰胺纤维占所述的一种耐磨无纺布的质量百分比的32％-38％，所述的铜纤维占所述的一种耐磨无纺布的质量百分比的25％-30％。通过上述方式，该发明能够使得无纺布具有良好的耐磨效果。
发明内容
为了克服上述的技术问题，本发明提供一种透气耐磨的无纺布及其制备工艺。
本发明所要解决的技术问题：
现有的无纺布具有优良的透气性能，但是不具备耐磨性能，而且通过醇酸树脂制备耐磨纤维过程中醇酸数值具有良好的润湿性能，附着力强，但是其稳定性差，耐候性较弱。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种透气耐磨的无纺布，由如下重量份原料制成：15-20份聚酯树脂，10-20份改性醇酸树脂，25-50份亚麻纤维，12-25份天然橡胶，55-70份蚕丝，10-25份尼龙；
该无纺布由如下方法制成：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入偶联剂，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
进一步地，所述改性醇酸树脂由如下重量份原料制成：50-80份椰子油，30-50份亚麻油，3-5份二甲基锡，2-5份烷基二苯胺，20-30份甲酸甲酯。
进一步地，所述改性醇酸树脂由如下方法制成；
(1)将椰子油、亚麻油和二甲基锡加入三口烧瓶中，通入氮气，加热至80℃，磁力搅拌1h，加入烷基二苯胺，继续升温至130℃，醇解2h后加入甲酸甲酯，在此温度下反应4h，制得醇酸树脂；
(2)将醇酸树脂加入装有无水乙醇的烧杯中，加热至120℃，磁力搅拌45min，加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯和过硫酸钠，升温至120℃，磁力搅拌3h后制得透明溶液，转移至150℃烘箱中，干燥至溶剂完全蒸发，制得改性醇酸树脂，醇酸树脂、无水乙醇、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和过硫酸钠的重量比为15∶8-10∶3-5∶3。
醇酸树脂具有良好的润湿性能，附着力强，但是其稳定性差，耐候性较弱，而本发明以过硫酸钠作为引发剂，通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对醇酸树脂进行改性，醇酸树脂主链上的碳碳双键断裂，将甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝在碳原子上，形成支链，制备的改性醇酸树脂既具有醇酸树脂的优点，又具有良好的耐候性和较高的耐热耐腐蚀性能，亚麻油是干性油，亚麻油分子中有共轭双键，在制备醇酸树脂过程中，亚麻油分子水解成为含有共轭双键的不饱和亚麻油酸，在醇酸树脂分子主链上引入亚麻油分子中的共轭双键，反应过程中以共轭双键作为甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝点，亚麻油分子中共轭双键邻近碳原子上的氢,在空气中氧气的作用下,发生夺氢反应,生成的氢过氧化物分解产生自由基,引发聚合反应，形成改性醇酸树脂。
进一步地，步骤S1中偶联剂为KH550和KH560中的一种或两种。
进一步地，步骤S1中喷丝板的喷丝孔直径为0.05-0.10mm。
一种透气耐磨的无纺布制备工艺，包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入偶联剂，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶等作为原料制备出一种耐磨纤维，之后和亚麻纤维混纺成的耐磨纱，耐磨纱能够为最终制备出的无纺布提供优异的耐磨性能，蚕丝和尼龙则能够为其提供良好的透气和柔韧性能；
(2)本发明制备出的醇酸树脂以过硫酸钠作为引发剂，通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯对醇酸树脂进行改性，醇酸树脂主链上的碳碳双键断裂，将甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝在碳原子上，形成支链，制备的改性醇酸树脂既具有醇酸树脂的优点，又具有良好的耐候性和较高的耐热耐腐蚀性能，而且亚麻油是干性油，亚麻油分子中有共轭双键，在制备醇酸树脂过程中，亚麻油分子水解成为含有共轭双键的不饱和亚麻油酸，在醇酸树脂分子主链上引入亚麻油分子中的共轭双键，反应过程中以共轭双键作为甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝点，亚麻油分子中共轭双键邻近碳原子上的氢,在空气中氧气的作用下,发生夺氢反应,生成的氢过氧化物分解产生自由基,引发聚合反应，形成改性醇酸树脂；解决了现有的无纺布具有优良的透气性能，但是不具备耐磨性能，而且通过醇酸树脂制备耐磨纤维过程中醇酸数值具有良好的润湿性能，附着力强，但是其稳定性差，耐候性较弱的技术问题。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种透气耐磨的无纺布，由如下重量份原料制成：15-20份聚酯树脂，10-20份改性醇酸树脂，25-50份亚麻纤维，12-25份天然橡胶，55-70份蚕丝，10-25份尼龙；
该无纺布由如下方法制成：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入KH550，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
改性醇酸树脂由如下重量份原料制成：50-80份椰子油，30-50份亚麻油，3-5份二甲基锡，2-5份烷基二苯胺，20-30份甲酸甲酯；
改性醇酸树脂由如下方法制成；
(1)将椰子油、亚麻油和二甲基锡加入三口烧瓶中，通入氮气，加热至80℃，磁力搅拌1h，加入烷基二苯胺，继续升温至130℃，醇解2h后加入甲酸甲酯，在此温度下反应4h，制得醇酸树脂；
(2)将醇酸树脂加入装有无水乙醇的烧杯中，加热至120℃，磁力搅拌45min，加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯和过硫酸钠，升温至120℃，磁力搅拌3h后制得透明溶液，转移至150℃烘箱中，干燥至溶剂完全蒸发，制得改性醇酸树脂，醇酸树脂、无水乙醇、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和过硫酸钠的重量比为15∶8-10∶3-5∶3。
实施例2
一种透气耐磨的无纺布，由如下重量份原料制成：15-20份聚酯树脂，10-20份改性醇酸树脂，25-50份亚麻纤维，12-25份天然橡胶，55-70份蚕丝，10-25份尼龙；
该无纺布由如下方法制成：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入KH550，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
实施例3
一种透气耐磨的无纺布，由如下重量份原料制成：15-20份聚酯树脂，10-20份改性醇酸树脂，25-50份亚麻纤维，12-25份天然橡胶，55-70份蚕丝，10-25份尼龙；
该无纺布由如下方法制成：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入KH550，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
实施例4
一种透气耐磨的无纺布，由如下重量份原料制成：15-20份聚酯树脂，10-20份改性醇酸树脂，25-50份亚麻纤维，12-25份天然橡胶，55-70份蚕丝，10-25份尼龙；
该无纺布由如下方法制成：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入KH550，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1相比，未对醇酸树脂进行改性，制备方法如下所示：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入KH550，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
对比例2
本对比例为市场中一种透气耐磨无纺布。
对实施例1-4和对比例1-2进行性能测试，结果如下表所示；
耐磨性能：将实施例1-4和对比例1-2制备的耐磨高弹性棉麻面料制成直径为100cm的圆形面料，使用圆盘织物平磨实验仪进行摩擦实验，重锤质量为500g，测量摩擦500转后的重量损失率。
耐腐蚀性：将实施例1-4和对比例1-3制备的耐磨高弹性棉麻面料制成3cm×2cm的矩形面料，包覆在普通低碳钢棒表面，将试棒的2/3面积浸入10％稀盐酸中，在(25±1)℃温度下浸泡5天，观察有无变色、失光、小泡、斑点、脱落等现象出现。
重量损失率(％) 断裂伸长率(％) 耐腐蚀性
实施例1 0.33 35 无异常
实施例2 0.33 36 无异常
实施例3 0.32 36 无异常
实施例4 0.32 38 无异常
对比例1 0.40 30 出现异常
对比例2 0.45 28 出现异常
从上表可知实施例1-4的重量损失率为0.32-0.33％，断裂伸长率为35-38％之间，耐腐蚀性测试中无异常出现，对比例1-2重量损失率为0.40-0.45％之间，断裂伸长率为28-30％，耐腐蚀性测试中出现异常；所以本发明解决了现有的无纺布具有优良的透气性能，但是不具备耐磨性能，而且通过醇酸树脂制备耐磨纤维过程中醇酸数值具有良好的润湿性能，附着力强，但是其稳定性差，耐候性较弱的技术问题。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种透气耐磨的无纺布，其特征在于，由如下重量份原料制成：15-20份聚酯树脂，10-20份改性醇酸树脂，25-50份亚麻纤维，12-25份天然橡胶，55-70份蚕丝，10-25份尼龙；
该无纺布由如下方法制成：
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入偶联剂，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气耐磨的无纺布，其特征在于，所述改性醇酸树脂由如下重量份原料制成：50-80份椰子油，30-50份亚麻油，3-5份二甲基锡，2-5份烷基二苯胺，20-30份甲酸甲酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种透气耐磨的无纺布，其特征在于，所述改性醇酸树脂由如下方法制成；
(1)将椰子油、亚麻油和二甲基锡加入三口烧瓶中，通入氮气，加热至80℃，磁力搅拌1h，加入烷基二苯胺，继续升温至130℃，醇解2h后加入甲酸甲酯，在此温度下反应4h，制得醇酸树脂；
(2)将醇酸树脂加入装有无水乙醇的烧杯中，加热至120℃，磁力搅拌45min，加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯和过硫酸钠，升温至120℃，磁力搅拌3h后制得透明溶液，转移至150℃烘箱中，干燥至溶剂完全蒸发，制得改性醇酸树脂，醇酸树脂、无水乙醇、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和过硫酸钠的重量比为15∶8-10∶3-5∶3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气耐磨的无纺布，其特征在于，步骤S1中偶联剂为KH550和KH560中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气耐磨的无纺布，其特征在于，步骤S1中喷丝板的喷丝孔直径为0.05-0.10mm。
6.一种透气耐磨的无纺布制备工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、将改性醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和天然橡胶加入装有三氯乙烯的烧杯中，加热至熔融状态，搅拌30min后加入偶联剂，反应5h后，制得熔融混合物，从喷丝板中挤出，形成耐磨纤维；
步骤S2、将耐磨纤维按照30捻/10cm的捻度与和亚麻纤维混纺成的轻纱，制得耐磨纱，将耐磨纱、蚕丝和尼龙按照经向间距1.0cm，纬向间距1.2cm进行混纺，制得经纱密度为85根/cm，纬纱密度为90根/cm的耐磨面料；
步骤S3、将步骤S2制得耐磨基布面料与无纺布面料进行混合编织，制得透气耐磨的无纺布。
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