CN111011306A - Production method of high-quality beef of Shuxuan Huaniu - Google Patents
Production method of high-quality beef of Shuxuan Huaniu Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of high-quality Sichuan huaniu beef, which utilizes a nationally approved new species of milk beef and cattle Sichuan huaniu beef as a basis for producing high-quality beef. By utilizing the fattening modes of the early fattening stage, the middle fattening stage and the later fattening stage, the formula and the feeding mode of the fattening ration are optimized, the fattening properties are effectively improved, the beef quality is improved, the uniformity of marbling is obviously improved, and the special grade standard in beef grade specification of the national Ministry of agriculture is reached. The fattening method effectively utilizes rich cattle species resources of the Shuxuan Huaniu, fully exerts the meat performance of the Shuxuan Huaniu, has the advantages of simple and easy operation, flexible operation and the like, can improve the economic additional value of the autonomous breeding of cattle species in China, relieves the dependence of high-end beef market in China on foreign cattle species, improves the core competitiveness of cattle industry in China, and promotes the economic development and technical innovation of cattle industry in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the breeding industry, and particularly relates to a production method of high-quality Sichuan huahuaniu beef.
Background
With the development of national economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of people on meat, particularly high-quality beef, is greatly increased. In order to meet the increasing consumption demand, the production of high-grade beef products is dedicated in many places throughout the country, but the beef variety used for producing high-grade beef is mainly a specialized beef variety cultivated abroad. The self-cultivated dual-purpose cattle species in China are not developed and utilized.
The Shuxuanhua cattle is a new breed of milk-meat type cattle cultivated by taking yellow cattle in Xuanhan as a female parent and introducing Simmental cattle and Holstein cattle as male parents to carry out ternary hybridization by applying a comprehensive selection means. In 2011, the new livestock and poultry variety is approved by the national new livestock and poultry variety (certificate number (agriculture 02)) No. 6 certificate. The milk meat has excellent performance, the average weight of 18-month-old fattening cattle reaches 526.9kg, the average daily gain in the fattening period is 1.14kg, the dressing percentage is 58.1%, the net meat percentage is 48.2%, the crude fat, the total amount of amino acid is 21.1%, and the inosinic acid content is 0.91mg/g, so that the milk meat has the potential of producing high-grade beef. Meanwhile, the strain has strong stress resistance, can effectively adapt to the climatic conditions of high temperature and high humidity in summer and low temperature and high humidity in winter in the south of China, and is beneficial to the cattle production in the south of China.
4431 cow of core group of Shuxuan Hua cattle stock fence, 9.1 million pure cows, and more than 170 ten thousand hybrid modified offspring, which are popularized and applied in 12 provinces such as inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Chongqing, Xinjiang and 21 cities in Sichuan province. The population quantity is large, the coverage range is wide, and the economic added value of cattle industry in China can be effectively improved by developing high-end beef aiming at Shuxuan Huaniu.
Patent application CN201210064613.2 discloses a fattening technology for producing snowflake beef by using Yunnan yellow cattle, which adjusts feeds and formulas according to different fattening stages to meet requirements on protein, trace elements, digestible nutrients and the like in supplementary concentrates, but as Shuxuan Huaniu is a mainly applied variety in cattle industry production in southern regions of China, the heritage structure of the variety is obviously different from local cattle species, and in addition, the ecological environment and the feed raw materials of the regions are different and cannot be moved. Therefore, a method which is simple and feasible and accords with the growth characteristics of the Sichuan Huaniu cattle and the southern climatic conditions is developed, the economic development and the technical innovation of cattle industry in China are promoted, and the method is an important target of farm animal husbandry workers.
At present, no feed formula and feeding mode for producing marbling beef by using Shuxuan Huaniu exist. The existing feed formula and feeding mode of Shuxuan Hua cattle are only suitable for fattening shelf cattle and continuously fattening calf, marbling beef cannot be produced, and the economic added value of the product is low. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is solved by providing the production method of the high-quality Sichuan huaniu beef.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method for producing the high-quality beef of the Shuxuan Huaniu solves the problem that marbling beef cannot be produced by the Shuxuan Huaniu in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a production method of high-quality Sichuan huahuaniu beef, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selection of fattening cattle: selecting healthy Shuxuanhua cattle with age of 6 months and weight of 150-200 kg;
step 2, managing a pre-feeding period: castrating the 6-month-old calves selected in the step 1; then feeding for a period of time, expelling parasites and invigorating stomach;
step 3, feeding in a fattening period: dividing the fattening period into three stages of early fattening, middle fattening and later fattening; feeding with different feed according to different modes;
and 4, slaughtering the fat cattle fed with the feed to obtain high-quality Sichuan huahuaniu beef.
Further, in step 2, feeding the castrated calves of 6 months old for a period of time, specifically: only feeding green hay to cattle within 2 days; 1kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 3 rd day, 1.5kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 15 th day, 2kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 20 th day, and 2.5kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 25 th day.
Further, in the step 3, the period of 7-14 months of age is the early stage of fattening; the fattening medium stage is at 15-23 months of age; the later fattening period is 24-28 months old.
Further, the daily ration feeding mode in the early stage of fattening is as follows:
the 7-month-old chicken is 220 +/-25 kg of standard weight, and the daily feed intake of the concentrate is 3.0-4.0 kg;
8 months old, standard weight 250 plus or minus 25kg, and daily food intake of 4.5 kg;
the 9-month-old chicken is 275 +/-25 kg of standard weight, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 5.0 kg;
the 10-month-old chicken is taken with the standard weight of 300 plus or minus 25kg and the daily feed intake of 5.5 kg;
the standard weight is 325 plus or minus 25kg at the age of 11 months, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 6.0 kg;
the standard weight of the 12-month-old chicken is 350 +/-25 kg, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 6.5 kg;
13 months old, standard weight 375 plus or minus 25kg, and daily feed intake of 7.0 kg;
the standard weight is 390 plus or minus 25kg at the age of 14 months, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 7.5 kg;
the daily coarse fodder feeding of 7-14 months old is uninterrupted free feeding.
Further, the daily ration feeding mode in the middle fattening period is as follows:
15 months old, the standard weight is 415 plus or minus 25kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
the feed is 16 months old, the standard weight is 445 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
the feed is 17 months old, the standard weight is 475 plus or minus 25kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
the feed is 18 months old, the standard weight is 505 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 9.0kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
19 months old, standard weight 535 plus or minus 25kg, daily concentrate feed intake of 9.0kg, coarse fodder for uninterrupted free feed;
the feed is 20 months old, the standard weight is 565 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 9.0kg, and the coarse feed limit is below 3.0 kg;
21 months old, standard body weight 590 + -25 kg, daily concentrate feed intake of 9.0kg, coarse fodder limit below 3.0 kg;
the feed is 22 months old, the standard weight is 615 plus or minus 25kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the coarse feed limit is below 3.0 kg;
23 months old, standard weight 640 + -25 kg, daily concentrate feed intake of 8.5kg, and coarse fodder limit below 3.0 kg.
Further, the daily ration feeding mode in the later fattening period is as follows:
after 24 months of age, the standard weight is 665 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the feed intake of coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 25 months old, the standard weight is 690 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the feed intake of coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 26 months old, the standard weight is 710 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the daily feed intake of the coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 27 months old, the standard weight is 730 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the feed intake of coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 28 months old, the standard weight is 750 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the daily feed intake of the coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg.
Further, the daily ration in the early fattening period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49.50-54.50% of corn, 13.30-14.70% of wheat, 25.60-28.40% of rapeseed meal, 4.80-5.30% of bran, 1.40-1.60% of stone powder, 0.29-0.32% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.19-0.21% of salt.
Further, the daily ration in the middle fattening period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.20-59.90% of corn, 16.20-17.90% of wheat, 13.30-14.70% of rapeseed meal, 9.00-10.00% of bran, 1.40-1.60% of mountain flour, 0.29-0.32% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.19-0.21% of salt and 0.48-0.53% of baking soda.
Further, the daily ration at the later fattening period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36.10-39.90% of corn, 38.00-42.00% of wheat, 7.60-8.40% of rapeseed meal, 5.70-6.30% of bran, 1.43-1.58% of mountain flour, 0.29-0.32% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.19-0.21% of salt and 0.48-0.53% of baking soda.
The preparation methods of the feed at the early stage of fattening, the feed at the middle stage of fattening and the feed at the later stage of fattening are all the prior art.
High-quality beef produced by the production method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method has scientific design and simple method, and the high-quality marbled beef can be produced by adopting the method.
According to the invention, a proper fattening cattle is selected, and the fattening cattle is fed according to the physiological characteristics of the castrated cattle, and has the effects of expelling parasites and invigorating stomach; and a good foundation is laid for the fattening period. Dividing the fattening period into three stages of early fattening period, middle fattening period and late fattening period; and aiming at the different physiological characteristics of the three stages, different feeding modes are adopted, so that the growth of the cattle is effectively promoted.
The marbled beef produced by the method of the invention has the net meat rate, the crude fat content, the marble grade and the carcass grade which reach the special grade standard in the standard NY/T676-2010 beef grade specification published by the national ministry of agriculture; the average daily gain and the weight average after finishing fattening of the fattening cattle fed by the method of the invention are obviously higher than those of a control group.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the experiment in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing experimental results of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides the following embodiments to explain the present invention in more detail, but the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all the techniques and processes realized by equivalent substitutions or combinations of compound groups, reagents, operations, reaction steps, etc. based on the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Study of fattening stage and fattening program
1. Study of fattening stage
The fattening cattle mainly produce beef, and the conventional fattening stage is divided into early fattening stage, middle fattening stage and late fattening stage. By comparing the growth and development characteristics of the Shuxuan Huaniu with the fattening characteristics in stages, the invention sets the fattening period as three stages: the first stage, namely the early stage of fattening (7-14 months old); the second stage, the middle stage of fattening (15-23 months old); the third stage, late stage of fattening (24 months old-slaughter).
2. Study of feeding procedure
The daily ration feeding mode of the fattening cattle at the early stage of fattening (7-14 months old) is specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The daily ration feeding mode of the fattening cattle in the middle fattening period (15-23 months old) is specifically shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
The daily ration feeding mode of the fattening cattle at the later fattening period (24-28 months old) is specifically shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Research results show that after the technical method is implemented, weight of Shuxuanhua cattle is increased more quickly, the utilization rate of feed is high, and slaughtered beef cattle are full, good in meat production performance and good in meat quality and taste. Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the production process of high-quality Sichuan Huaniu beef.
Fattening example
Example 1
This embodiment provides a fattening results comparison for the hollyhock propaganda ox utilizing different fattening modes:
the test method comprises the steps of selecting 15 healthy Shuxuan Hua cattle (213kg +/-51) with age of 6 months to be divided into two groups, wherein ① control groups comprise 5 experimental cattle, fattening for 360 days (fattening for 180 days under the nutritional levels of CP 14% and TDN 73% and fattening for 180 days under the nutritional levels of CP 12% and TDN 73%), ② experimental groups comprise 10 experimental cattle, fattening by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, measuring the whole daily gain and finishing the fattening, carrying out slaughtering and carcass grade evaluation by referring to the Chinese national standard 'cattle carcass and fresh meat segmentation' (GB/T27643 & lt 2011), measuring slaughtering performance, meat quality performance and carcass grade, and obtaining results shown in a table 4 and eye muscle marble pattern as a control figure 2.
TABLE 4
Example 2
This example provides a comparison of results for barnyard cattle and holhua cattle using the same fattening pattern:
the test method comprises the steps of selecting 10 12-month-old healthy Bashan cattle (late sexual maturity of the Bashan cattle) with the weight of 250kg +/-73, taking 10 healthy Shuhua cattle as an experimental animal and dividing the 10 healthy Shuhua cattle into 2 groups, ① control groups comprising 10 Bashan cattle, fattening for 480 days (fattening for 300 days under the nutritional level of CP 12% and TDN 73% and fattening for 180 days under the nutritional level of CP 12% and TDN 74%), fattening ② experimental groups comprising 10 experimental cattle, fattening by adopting the method, measuring the whole daily gain and finishing the fattening, carrying out slaughtering and carcass grade evaluation according to the national standard of cattle carcass and fresh meat segmentation (GB/T27643), measuring the slaughtering performance, meat quality performance and carcass grade, 2011 results are shown in a table 5, and eye muscle marble pattern comparison is shown in a figure 3.
TABLE 5
The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention, but all the insubstantial modifications or changes made within the spirit and scope of the main design of the present invention, which still solve the technical problems consistent with the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A production method of high-quality Sichuan Huaniu beef is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selection of fattening cattle: selecting healthy Shuxuanhua cattle with age of 6 months and weight of 150-200 kg;
step 2, managing a pre-feeding period: castrating the 6-month-old calves selected in the step 1; then feeding for a period of time, expelling parasites and invigorating stomach;
step 3, feeding in a fattening period: dividing the fattening period into three stages of early fattening, middle fattening and later fattening; feeding with different feed according to different modes;
and 4, slaughtering the fat cattle fed with the feed to obtain high-quality Sichuan huahuaniu beef.
2. The method for producing high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the castrated calf of 6 months old is fed for a period of time, specifically: only feeding green hay to cattle within 2 days; 1kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 3 rd day, 1.5kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 15 th day, 2kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 20 th day, and 2.5kg of concentrated feed is fed on the 25 th day.
3. The production method of the high-quality beef of Sichuan hua cattle according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the beef is at the early stage of fattening within 7-14 months of age; the fattening medium stage is at 15-23 months of age; the later fattening period is 24-28 months old.
4. The production method of high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 3, wherein the daily ration feeding mode in the early fattening stage is as follows:
the 7-month-old chicken is 220 +/-25 kg of standard weight, and the daily feed intake of the concentrate is 3.0-4.0 kg;
8 months old, standard weight 250 plus or minus 25kg, and daily food intake of 4.5 kg;
the 9-month-old chicken is 275 +/-25 kg of standard weight, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 5.0 kg;
the 10-month-old chicken is taken with the standard weight of 300 plus or minus 25kg and the daily feed intake of 5.5 kg;
the standard weight is 325 plus or minus 25kg at the age of 11 months, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 6.0 kg;
the standard weight of the 12-month-old chicken is 350 +/-25 kg, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 6.5 kg;
13 months old, standard weight 375 plus or minus 25kg, and daily feed intake of 7.0 kg;
the standard weight is 390 plus or minus 25kg at the age of 14 months, and the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 7.5 kg;
the daily coarse fodder feeding of 7-14 months old is uninterrupted free feeding.
5. The production method of high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 3, wherein the daily ration feeding mode in the middle fattening period is as follows:
15 months old, the standard weight is 415 plus or minus 25kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
the feed is 16 months old, the standard weight is 445 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
the feed is 17 months old, the standard weight is 475 plus or minus 25kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
the feed is 18 months old, the standard weight is 505 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 9.0kg, and the coarse feed is continuously and freely taken;
19 months old, standard weight 535 plus or minus 25kg, daily concentrate feed intake of 9.0kg, coarse fodder for uninterrupted free feed;
the feed is 20 months old, the standard weight is 565 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 9.0kg, and the coarse feed limit is below 3.0 kg;
21 months old, standard body weight 590 + -25 kg, daily concentrate feed intake of 9.0kg, coarse fodder limit below 3.0 kg;
the feed is 22 months old, the standard weight is 615 plus or minus 25kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the coarse feed limit is below 3.0 kg;
23 months old, standard weight 640 + -25 kg, daily concentrate feed intake of 8.5kg, and coarse fodder limit below 3.0 kg.
6. The production method of high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 3, wherein the daily ration feeding mode at the later fattening stage is as follows:
after 24 months of age, the standard weight is 665 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the feed intake of coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 25 months old, the standard weight is 690 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.5kg, and the feed intake of coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 26 months old, the standard weight is 710 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the daily feed intake of the coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 27 months old, the standard weight is 730 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the feed intake of coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg;
the feed is 28 months old, the standard weight is 750 +/-25 kg, the daily feed intake of the concentrated feed is 8.0kg, and the daily feed intake of the coarse feed is 2.0-2.5 kg.
7. The production method of high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 4, wherein the daily ration at the early stage of fattening comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49.50-54.50% of corn, 13.30-14.70% of wheat, 25.60-28.40% of rapeseed meal, 4.80-5.30% of bran, 1.40-1.60% of stone powder, 0.29-0.32% of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.19-0.21% of salt.
8. The production method of high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 5, wherein the daily ration in the middle fattening period comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 54.20-59.90% of corn, 16.20-17.90% of wheat, 13.30-14.70% of rapeseed meal, 9.00-10.00% of bran, 1.40-1.60% of mountain flour, 0.29-0.32% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.19-0.21% of salt and 0.48-0.53% of baking soda.
9. The production method of high-quality beef of Sichuan Huaniu cattle according to claim 6, wherein the daily ration at the later fattening stage comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 36.10-39.90% of corn, 38.00-42.00% of wheat, 7.60-8.40% of rapeseed meal, 5.70-6.30% of bran, 1.43-1.58% of mountain flour, 0.29-0.32% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.19-0.21% of salt and 0.48-0.53% of baking soda.
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