CN110999739A

CN110999739A - Winter wheat planting method

Info

Publication number: CN110999739A
Application number: CN201911336617.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李娜娜; 蒲艳艳; 丁汉凤; 李照君; 宫永超; 郭秀秀; 田汝美
Original assignee: Shandong Crop Germplasm Resource Center
Current assignee: Shandong Crop Germplasm Resource Center
Priority date: 2019-12-23
Filing date: 2019-12-23
Publication date: 2020-04-14

Abstract

The invention provides a winter wheat planting method, and belongs to the field of crop planting. By preventing and coping with the cold injury in late spring, the formation of the cold injury in late spring is controlled, and the harm of the cold injury in late spring is reduced. Specifically, aiming at the mechanism that winter wheat is harmed by late spring coldness, the winter wheat is sprayed with a sucrose-ammonium phosphate solution about 10 days before the late spring coldness comes, and free water of the winter wheat is solidified through hydrogen bond combination, so that the situation that the temperature of the free water is too low and harms winter wheat plants is avoided. Has important significance for vast North China plain (winter wheat growing area).

Description

Winter wheat planting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of winter wheat.

Background

Wheat has been planted for over 5000 years in China, and currently, the planting area and the total yield of wheat in China are second to those of rice and second to food crops in China. The wheat in China is mainly winter wheat, the wheat is widely planted in China, and the wheat is cultivated in all agricultural regions from south to north and from plain to mountain areas in China. Generally, great wall is used as the boundary, and north is spring wheat and south is winter wheat. Winter wheat is typically sown in the middle and late 9 months to the upper 10 months, and matured in the middle and late 6 months in the next year from the end of 5 months. Such as winter wheat in north and south China.

"late spring coldness" refers to a phenomenon in which the temperature rises faster in early spring but suddenly occurs in a continuous low-temperature weather in late spring. Due to different climates in south and north of China, the time of falling spring cold in all regions is different from the standard, and the time of falling spring cold in the north is later and the time of falling spring cold in the south is earlier, which is accompanied by rainy weather. The late spring coldness is a very serious forestry and agricultural meteorological disaster, and refers to a weather and climate phenomenon that trees and crops in a large area are continuously frozen due to frequent attack of strong cold air and rapid temperature drop in spring. The late spring cold often causes the rotten seed phenomenon of peanut vegetables, cotton and wheat in the north of China, and can also influence the rice seedling emergence and growth in the south of China, thereby bringing serious harm to agriculture and forestry production and the like.

After the winter wheat seedlings emerge in winter, the winter wheat enters a vigorous growth stage in early spring, and the climate of 'late spring coldness' is easy to cause large-area yield reduction and even death of the winter wheat in the growth period. Spring wheat can select the sowing time through weather forecast, but winter wheat is used as an intermediate crop of three crops in two years and three seasons, and only the straight side is 'late spring cold'. In the prior art, the winter wheat can adapt to low temperature by a low-temperature domestication mode, but the steps are complicated, and the domestication period is too long.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a simple and efficient planting method capable of enabling winter wheat to resist short-time low-temperature severe weather (late spring cold).

A method for planting winter wheat comprises spraying sucrose solution on winter wheat 7-10 days before the spring coldness comes.

Wherein the sucrose solution is 40-50% of sucrose solution by mass fraction.

More, ammonium phosphate is added into the sucrose solution to prepare ammonium phosphate-sucrose mixed solution. The mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate to the sucrose solution is 0.5-0.8: 1.

wherein, the mixed solution of ammonium phosphate and cane sugar can not be sprayed to the soil and the root of the wheat seedling to prevent the wheat seedling from burning.

Wherein the spraying amount of the ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution is 5-6 kg/mu.

Wherein the spraying amount and the adding amount of the ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution are controlled according to the precipitation amount in the late spring cold period.

Wherein. The spraying amount and the adding amount of the ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution ensure that the mass fraction of the sucrose is not less than 25 percent.

Assuming that there is a response within the plant:

hydrated protein → free water + protein (reversible reaction)

The formula of K is K = free water (l) × protein (aq)/hydrated protein(s), and K = protein (aq), but the protein content is unknown and cannot be measured, so the K value is determined by M = free water/bound water in the prior art.

The definitional formula of the k value is currently generally considered to be related to environmental parameters (temperature, air pressure, etc.), specifically acting on plant metabolism. Such as: gradually entering winter, the plant metabolism is reduced, the k value is reduced, and the plant metabolism tends to 0, so that the stress resistance is increased, and the winter is passed. The opposite is true in spring. Therefore, in spring, environmental parameters lead to a higher K value, an increased ratio of free water/bound water, and a vigorous plant metabolism, which starts to flower and grow.

However, in severe weather of 'late spring coldness', the environmental parameters are suddenly reduced, and plants cannot instantly convert a large amount of free water into combined water under the state of vigorous metabolism, so that the yield of wheat seedlings is reduced in a large area, and even if the temperature is reduced too much (< 0 ℃), the free water which is not converted into the combined water is frozen in plant cells, and the wheat seedlings die. The invention provides a method for temporarily reducing the proportion of the M value of the plant, so that the wheat seedlings can be guaranteed to live through 3-5 days of 'late spring coldness'.

Specifically, the present invention solidifies free water in plants by spraying a mixed solution of high concentration sucrose and ammonium phosphate to the plants, the high concentration sucrose absorbing the free water in the plants, the water in the solution hydrogen-bonding with ammonium phosphate (mainly, forming ammonium phosphate trihydrate) and sucrose (secondarily). Because the rainy and snowy weather may occur in the 'late spring cold', the rainfall can preferentially form ammonium phosphate trihydrate with the ammonium phosphate, after the buffering is saturated, the concentration of high-concentration cane sugar is reduced again until the concentration is reduced and the osmotic pressure of the plants is balanced, the high-concentration cane sugar can be absorbed and utilized by the plants, and the application amount of the mixed solution is controlled according to the rainfall amount, so that the plants can safely pass the 'late spring cold'.

More, after the 'late spring cold' is over, after the environment is warmed up, the influence of the compound solution can be eliminated by increasing the irrigation amount, sucrose is harmless to plants, and ammonium phosphate is an excellent compound fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects

1. After the winter wheat is cold in late spring, the survival rate of the winter wheat is more than or equal to 90 percent;

2. while protecting the seedlings, applying ammonium phosphate compound fertilizer;

3. the steps are simple and easy to operate, and the influence can be eliminated only by using a large amount of water for irrigation subsequently.

Detailed Description

Example 1

5kg of an ammonium phosphate-sucrose mixed solution (40% by mass of sucrose, 0.5:1 by mass of ammonium phosphate and sucrose solution) was applied to one mu of land.

Comparative example 1

5kg of sucrose solution (sucrose mass fraction 40%) was applied to one acre of land.

The method of example 1 and comparative example 1 were used to treat selected Shandong province Yutai county (three-harvest in two years), two acres of land were selected as test fields, and one control field was additionally selected and treated with a large amount of irrigation according to the prior art. The 'late spring coldness' is about early trimester, no precipitation exists in the current year, the lowest temperature is 2 ℃, the temperature reduction range is 7 ℃, and the temperature is reduced by weather forecast for one week before treatment. And 3, counting the survival rate of the wheat seedlings in the middle ten days of the month.

The survival rates of three test fields are as follows:

。

Claims

1. a winter wheat planting method is characterized in that 7-10 days before the 'late spring coldness' comes, a sucrose solution is sprayed on the winter wheat.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sucrose solution is 40-50% by mass of sucrose solution.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that ammonium phosphate is added into the sucrose solution to prepare an ammonium phosphate-sucrose mixed solution; the mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate to the sucrose solution is 0.5-0.8: 1.

4. the method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed solution of ammonium phosphate and sucrose is not sprayed to soil and the roots of wheat seedlings to prevent the seedlings from burning.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution sprayed is 5-6 kg/acre.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the amount of sprayed ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution and the amount of added ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution are controlled based on the amount of precipitation during the "late spring cold" period.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the amount of sprayed ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution and the amount of added ammonium phosphate-sucrose solution are such that the mass fraction of sucrose is not less than 25%.