CN110995286A - 一种s=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法 - Google Patents
一种s=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于无线通信的解调解码技术领域,具体为S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法。本发明针对S=2编码模式,将高斯频移键控调制(GFSK)过程和低功耗蓝牙编码过程建模为一个有限状态机,利用维特比译码算法对此模型进行联合解调解码。本发明考虑到了低功耗蓝牙的实际应用场景,算法复杂度低,而且能够显著降低误码率,提升接收机灵敏度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无线通信的解调解码技术领域,具体涉及一种S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法。
背景技术
低功耗蓝牙技术是物联网代表性技术之一,广泛应用于成本较低、功耗较小的计算器件以及较低数据速率和较低占空比的短距离无线通信场景下。随着物联网的发展,在2016年蓝牙协议5.0版本中,低功耗蓝牙新增了编码物理层以及两种编码方案(S=2,S=8),对应信息传输速率分别为500kb/s以及125kb/s。编码物理层增强了蓝牙信号传输的稳定性,在不提高发送功率的前提下低功耗蓝牙信号传输距离最高可以提升4倍,大大拓展了低功耗蓝牙在物联网的应用领域以及发展前景。
针对S=2低功耗蓝牙的编码物理层,接收机利用维特比联合解调解码,将会极大地提高接收机的灵敏度,是一个非常具有实际意义的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种计算复杂度低、误码率也低的S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法。
本发明核心是将高斯频移键控调制(GFSK)过程和低功耗蓝牙编码过程建模为一个有限状态机,并根据维特比译码算法将解调解码联合进行。本发明提供一种针对S=2编码模式,进一步利用维特比译码算法对此模型进行联合解调解码。本发明考虑到了低功耗蓝牙的实际应用场景,而且能够显著降低误码率,提升接收机灵敏度。
本发明提供的S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法,具体步骤如下。
第一步,对于一个经过S=2编码器以及调制器的发送蓝牙信号r(t),其相位为:
由GFSK信号模型,有:
根据低功耗蓝牙5.0协议,比特流在编码后经过映射延展之后比特‘1’映射为‘1’,‘0’映射为‘0’,φ(t;I)的状态由和(t;I)联合决定,而(t;I)仅由卷积码编码器输出决定,有四种取值,因此S=2模式下的编码调制联合的有限状态机可以等效为一个有四位寄存器(d2d1d0)的编码器。它的状态网格中的状态由编码器的寄存器(d2d1d0)的状态和调制器的状态共同决定(一共有8×4=32种状态)。
第二步,根据第一步接收信号建模成的有限状态机,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码。
第二步中所述利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码,具体流程如下:
(1)根据第一步将接收信号建模成的有限状态机每个状态的输出计算分支度量;
(2)根据有限状态机每个状态的转换关系计算路径度量值;
(3)对每一个状态,保留上一步骤计算所得的具有最小路径度量值的到达路径(幸存路径),删除其余的到达路径;
(4)找到最小路径度量值对应的幸存路径,根据有限状态机的状态转换关系依次输出译码比特。
本发明第二步中,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码,对接收到的蓝牙信号,其相位如(4)式所示;
S=2编码调制联合的有限状态机的输出由和(t;I)共同决定,一共有:4×ML=4× 22=16种组合。分支度量的计算方法为接收机计算在nT<t<(n+2)T时刻内,接收信号r(t) 和包含所有{(t;I)}状态的(共16种状态组合,i=0…15)的相关度量,并保留具有最大相关度量值的路径,即:
本发明中,S=2编码模式下编码调制联合有限状态机的输入输出和状态转换的关系,见表1、表2。
本发明方法的优点:相比较解调之后再进行解码的传统译码方法,联合维特比解调解码算法显著降低了误码率,提升了接收机灵敏度。
附图说明
图1为S=2编码模式下编码调制联合的状态转换图。
图2为S=2编码方案下联合解调解码算法的误码率性能比较。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,进一步介绍本发明。
作为实施例,本发明用计算机仿真了蓝牙GFSK信号编码-调制-解调-解码的完整流程。仿真过程中随机生成1000bit的数据包,GFSK调制指数为0.5,采用低功耗蓝牙协议规定的编码方式,在低功耗蓝牙S=2编码方案下,进行了1000次蒙特卡洛实验。最终误码率性能及比较如图2所示,其中x-轴是仿真信噪比,y-轴是接收端解码之后的误码率。
图中差分硬解调解码算法(上侧带菱形的线)对应直接将接收信号取最优相位差分之后做硬判决为0/1比特之后经过解映射输入到维特比解码器进行硬解码;差分软解调软解码算法 (上侧带三角形的线)对应将解调相位解映射之后直接作为维特比软解码的输入;维特比硬解调硬解码算法(下侧带叉号的线)对应将接收信号先维特比算法解调为0/1比特之后经过解映射输入到维特比解码器进行硬解码;维特比联合解调解码算法(下侧带圆点的线)对应本发明算法。可以看到本发明提出的联合解调解码算法误码率性能比传统软解码提升了4dB~6dB,比维特比硬解调硬解码提升了2dB~3dB。
表1
表2
参考文献
[1]Bo Y,Yang L,Chong C C.Optimized Differential GFSK Demodulator[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2011,59(6):1497-1501.
[2]Anderson J B,Aulin T,Sundberg C E.Digital Phase Modulation[J].Applications of Communications Theory,1986:412-412.。
Claims (3)
1.一种S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
第一步,对于一个经过S=2编码器以及调制器的发送蓝牙信号r(t),其相位为:
由GFSK信号模型,有:
根据低功耗蓝牙5.0协议,比特流在S=2方式编码后经过映射延展之后比特‘1’映射为‘1’,‘0’映射为‘0’;
φ(t;I)的状态由和联合决定,而仅由卷积码编码器输出决定,有四种取值,于是S=2模式下的编码调制联合的有限状态机可以等效为一个有四位寄存器的编码器;它的状态网格中的状态由编码器的寄存器(d2d1d0)的状态和调制器的状态共同决定,一共有8×4=32种状态;
第二步,根据第一步接收信号建模成的有限状态机,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联合解调解码算法,其特征在于,第二步中,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码,具体流程如下:
(1)根据第一步将接收信号建模成的有限状态机每个状态的输出计算分支度量;
(2)根据有限状态机每个状态的转换关系计算路径度量值;
(3)对每一个状态,保留上一步骤计算所得的具有最小路径度量值的到达路径,删除其余的到达路径;
(4)找到最小路径度量值对应的幸存路径,根据有限状态机的状态转换关系依次输出译码比特。
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