CN110995286B - 一种s=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法 - Google Patents

一种s=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法 Download PDF

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CN110995286B
CN110995286B CN201911383136.4A CN201911383136A CN110995286B CN 110995286 B CN110995286 B CN 110995286B CN 201911383136 A CN201911383136 A CN 201911383136A CN 110995286 B CN110995286 B CN 110995286B
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杜晴鹤
蒋轶
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1105Decoding
    • H03M13/1108Hard decision decoding, e.g. bit flipping, modified or weighted bit flipping
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1105Decoding
    • H03M13/1111Soft-decision decoding, e.g. by means of message passing or belief propagation algorithms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1148Structural properties of the code parity-check or generator matrix
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明属于无线通信的解调解码技术领域,具体为S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法。本发明针对S=2编码模式,将高斯频移键控调制(GFSK)过程和低功耗蓝牙编码过程建模为一个有限状态机,利用维特比译码算法对此模型进行联合解调解码。本发明考虑到了低功耗蓝牙的实际应用场景,算法复杂度低,而且能够显著降低误码率,提升接收机灵敏度。

Description

一种S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法
技术领域
本发明属于无线通信的解调解码技术领域,具体涉及一种S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法。
背景技术
低功耗蓝牙技术是物联网代表性技术之一,广泛应用于成本较低、功耗较小的计算器件以及较低数据速率和较低占空比的短距离无线通信场景下。随着物联网的发展,在2016年蓝牙协议5.0版本中,低功耗蓝牙新增了编码物理层以及两种编码方案(S=2,S=8),对应信息传输速率分别为500kb/s以及125kb/s。编码物理层增强了蓝牙信号传输的稳定性,在不提高发送功率的前提下低功耗蓝牙信号传输距离最高可以提升4倍,大大拓展了低功耗蓝牙在物联网的应用领域以及发展前景。
针对S=2低功耗蓝牙的编码物理层,接收机利用维特比联合解调解码,将会极大地提高接收机的灵敏度,是一个非常具有实际意义的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种计算复杂度低、误码率也低的S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法。
本发明核心是将高斯频移键控调制(GFSK)过程和低功耗蓝牙编码过程建模为一个有限状态机,并根据维特比译码算法将解调解码联合进行。本发明提供一种针对S=2编码模式,进一步利用维特比译码算法对此模型进行联合解调解码。本发明考虑到了低功耗蓝牙的实际应用场景,而且能够显著降低误码率,提升接收机灵敏度。
本发明提供的S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码算法,具体步骤如下。
第一步,对于一个经过S=2编码器以及调制器的发送蓝牙信号r(t),其相位为:
Figure GDA0004053837970000011
由GFSK信号模型,有:
Figure GDA0004053837970000012
Figure GDA0004053837970000013
其中,
Figure GDA0004053837970000021
Q()为高斯Q函数,Ik∈{±1}是输入的随机比特流,h是GFSK调制指数,通常取为0.5;BT为时间-带宽乘积,一般取为0.5,即脉冲成型函数q(t)的有效持续时间为2T。
因此有:当t<0时,q(t)=0,t≥2T时,
Figure GDA0004053837970000022
当t<0和t≥2T时,g(t)=0;
Figure GDA0004053837970000023
根据低功耗蓝牙5.0协议,比特流在编码后经过映射延展之后比特‘1’映射为‘1’,‘0’映射为‘0’,φ(t;I)的状态由
Figure GDA0004053837970000024
Figure GDA0004053837970000025
联合决定,而
Figure GDA0004053837970000026
仅由卷积码编码器输出决定,
Figure GDA0004053837970000027
Figure GDA0004053837970000028
四种取值,因此S=2模式下的编码调制联合的有限状态机可以等效为一个有四位寄存器
Figure GDA0004053837970000029
的编码器。它的状态网格中的状态由编码器的寄存器(d2d1d0)的状态和调制器的状态
Figure GDA00040538379700000210
共同决定(一共有8×4=32种状态)。
第二步,根据第一步接收信号建模成的有限状态机,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码。
第二步中所述利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码,具体流程如下:
(1)根据第一步将接收信号建模成的有限状态机每个状态的输出计算分支度量;
(2)根据有限状态机每个状态的转换关系计算路径度量值;
(3)对每一个状态,保留上一步骤计算所得的具有最小路径度量值的到达路径(幸存路径),删除其余的到达路径;
(4)找到最小路径度量值对应的幸存路径,根据有限状态机的状态转换关系依次输出译码比特。
本发明第二步中,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码,对接收到的蓝牙信号,其相位如(4)式所示;
S=2编码调制联合的有限状态机的输出由
Figure GDA00040538379700000211
Figure GDA00040538379700000212
共同决定,一共有:4×ML=4×22=16种组合。分支度量的计算方法为接收机计算在nT<t<(n+2)T时刻内,接收信号r(t)和包含所有
Figure GDA00040538379700000213
状态的
Figure GDA00040538379700000214
(共16种状态组合,i=0…15)的相关度量,并保留具有最大相关度量值的路径,即:
Figure GDA00040538379700000215
本发明中,S=2编码模式下编码调制联合有限状态机的输入输出和状态转换的关系,见表1、表2。
本发明方法的优点:相比较解调之后再进行解码的传统译码方法,联合维特比解调解码算法显著降低了误码率,提升了接收机灵敏度。
附图说明
图1为S=2编码模式下编码调制联合的状态转换图。
图2为S=2编码方案下联合解调解码算法的误码率性能比较。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,进一步介绍本发明。
作为实施例,本发明用计算机仿真了蓝牙GFSK信号编码-调制-解调-解码的完整流程。仿真过程中随机生成1000bit的数据包,GFSK调制指数为0.5,采用低功耗蓝牙协议规定的编码方式,在低功耗蓝牙S=2编码方案下,进行了1000次蒙特卡洛实验。最终误码率性能及比较如图2所示,其中x-轴是仿真信噪比,y-轴是接收端解码之后的误码率。
图中差分硬解调解码算法(上侧带菱形的线)对应直接将接收信号取最优相位差分之后做硬判决为0/1比特之后经过解映射输入到维特比解码器进行硬解码;差分软解调软解码算法(上侧带三角形的线)对应将解调相位解映射之后直接作为维特比软解码的输入;维特比硬解调硬解码算法(下侧带叉号的线)对应将接收信号先维特比算法解调为0/1比特之后经过解映射输入到维特比解码器进行硬解码;维特比联合解调解码算法(下侧带圆点的线)对应本发明算法。可以看到本发明提出的联合解调解码算法误码率性能比传统软解码提升了4dB~6dB,比维特比硬解调硬解码提升了2dB~3dB。
表1
Figure GDA0004053837970000041
表2
Figure GDA0004053837970000051
参考文献
[1]Bo Y,Yang L,Chong C C.Optimized Differential GFSK Demodulator[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2011,59(6):1497-1501.
[2]Anderson J B,Aulin T,Sundberg C E.Digital Phase Modulation[J].Applications of Communications Theory,1986:412-412.。

Claims (3)

1.一种S=2编码方式的低功耗蓝牙维特比联合解调解码方法,其特征在于,具体步骤为:
第一步,对于一个经过S=2编码器以及调制器的发送蓝牙信号r(t),其相位为:
由GFSK信号模型,有:
其中,Q()为高斯Q函数,Ik∈{±1}是输入的随机比特流,h是GFSK调制指数,BT为时间-带宽乘积,脉冲成型函数q(t)的有效持续时间为2T;
因此有:当t<0时,q(t)=0,t≥2T时,当t<0和t≥2T时,g(t)=0;
根据低功耗蓝牙5.0协议,比特流在S=2方式编码后经过映射延展之后比特‘1’映射为‘1’,‘0’映射为‘0’;
φ(t;I)的状态由联合决定,而仅由卷积码编码器输出决定,四种取值,于是S=2模式下的编码调制联合的有限状态机可以等效为一个有四位寄存器的编码器;它的状态网格中的状态由编码器的寄存器(d2d1d0)的状态和调制器的状态共同决定,一共有8×4=32种状态;
第二步,根据第一步接收信号建模成的有限状态机,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联合解调解码方法,其特征在于,第二步中,利用维特比译码算法对接收信号进行联合解调解码,具体流程如下:
(1)根据第一步将接收信号建模成的有限状态机每个状态的输出计算分支度量;
(2)根据有限状态机每个状态的转换关系计算路径度量值;
(3)对每一个状态,保留上一步骤计算所得的具有最小路径度量值的到达路径,删除其余的到达路径;
(4)找到最小路径度量值对应的幸存路径,根据有限状态机的状态转换关系依次输出译码比特。
3.根据权利要求2所述的联合解调解码方法,其特征在于,对接收到的蓝牙信号,其相位为:
S=2编码调制联合的有限状态机的输出由共同决定,一共有:4×ML=4×22=16种组合;分支度量的计算方法为接收机计算在nT<t<(n+2)T时刻内,接收信号r(t)和包含所有状态的共16种状态组合,i=0…15的相关度量,并保留具有最大相关度量值的路径,即:
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