CN110984073B - Plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and construction method - Google Patents
Plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110984073B CN110984073B CN201911331862.1A CN201911331862A CN110984073B CN 110984073 B CN110984073 B CN 110984073B CN 201911331862 A CN201911331862 A CN 201911331862A CN 110984073 B CN110984073 B CN 110984073B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/128—Coherent linings made on the spot, e.g. cast in situ, extruded on the spot
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof, wherein the slope protection comprises a gelled sand gravel layer which takes riverbed sand gravel, cement and fly ash as main raw materials, and the gelled sand gravel layer has safe and stable structure and strong water flow scouring resistance; when the plant seeds are paved, the templates are used for pouring layer by layer from bottom to top, so that the construction is convenient, the requirement on the paved terrain is low, the plants can root in the pores of the cemented sand gravel layer, and the intricate and complex pore structure of the cemented sand gravel layer can prevent the plant seeds from being taken away by water flow; the invention provides a plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof, the ecological slope protection has obvious surface greening effect, safe and stable structure and strong anti-scouring capability, and is provided with an ecological bag containing ETS ecological flora, the ecological slope protection can reduce the area of the ecological bag impacted by water flow, so that the service life of the ecological bag is prolonged, and the ecological slope protection is simple and convenient in laying method, wide in application range and low in requirements on terrain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and a construction method.
Background
River bank protection is the land and water two living ecosystem between land and water, can often receive the influence that the water level floated from top to bottom, and the washing that receives is especially serious in land and water transition stage, causes the soil and water loss of large tracts of land for a long time, and the vegetation is difficult more to prick the root, and bank slope ecosystem suffers serious damage. Especially in the middle and upstream river channels with rapid water flow and numerous deposited sand and pebbles, plant seeds in the water level change zone are easy to be washed away by the water flow, so that the plants cannot survive in a large area, the vegetation cannot be effectively recovered manually, and the water-land connection transition zone with the key function in the ecological system is damaged and cannot stably exist for a long time. Therefore, the development and progress of the river bank ecological slope protection technology have practical significance for river bank slopes.
Many researches are carried out at home and abroad on the idea of the ecological slope protection, and various forms of ecological slope protection are designed, but various problems can occur after the ecological slope protection is put into use, such as geocell slope protection, good greening effect, increased drainage performance, quick construction and low cost, but the material is not environment-friendly and has higher requirements on the terrain; the ecological slope protection of the gabion net has good water permeability and good shock resistance, but the greening area is limited; the ecological slope protection of ecological bag type is simple and convenient to construct, and the vegetation recovery is better, but ecological bag is not durable, and the antiscour ability is relatively poor. The conception of the ecological slope protection does not effectively solve the problems existing in the river channel or only solves the existing problems, but neglects the primary safety problem of the ecological slope protection. Nowadays, a comprehensive ecological slope protection technology with safe and stable structure, good ecological effect and relatively low manufacturing cost is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and problems of the existing ecological slope protection, the invention provides a plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof, the ecological slope protection has the advantages of obvious surface greening effect, safe and stable structure and strong scouring resistance, and is provided with an ecological bag containing ETS ecological flora, the ecological slope protection can reduce the area of the ecological bag impacted by water flow, the service life of the ecological bag is prolonged, the ecological slope protection has the function of protecting plant seeds, the plant seeds are prevented from being taken away by the water flow, and the ecological slope protection is simple and convenient in laying method, wide in application range and low in requirements on terrain conditions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a compound ecological bank protection of plant organic combination, includes and uses the bank slope of river course both sides slope as the basis, pours the gelatinization sand gravel material on this basis and forms the gelatinization sand gravel layer of laying along the inclined plane, and the upper end of gelatinization sand gravel layer all upwards extends to on the bank of river course, gelatinization sand gravel layer has or has reserved many ecological slots and all fills the ecological bag that contains ETS ecological flora and form ecological area in many ecological slots along the even interval of bank direction, ecological bag's internal packing of bag has the plant organic combination of reunion, and plant organic combination includes ETS ecological flora, plant seed and a small amount of thing that binds, it forms the topsoil layer to have laid soil on gelatinization sand gravel layer and the ecological area, and corresponding plant formation vegetation in topsoil layer planting forms the vegetable layer.
The gelled gravel layer has a void content of not less than 15%.
The gelled sand gravel layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the water-to-glue ratio is 1.0-1.4, and the cement consumption is 50 kg-70 kg/m3The using amount of the fly ash is 60 to 70 percent of the using amount of the cement.
The ETS ecological flora comprises various actinomycetes, ammonia nitrogen decomposing bacteria, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrite degrading bacteria, fiber decomposing bacteria, various photosynthetic bacteria, various lactic acid bacteria, low-temperature decomposing bacteria and halophilic bacteria.
The plant seeds include aquatic plant seeds, terrestrial plant seeds, and amphibian plant seeds of an amphibian transition zone.
And the soil of the surface soil layer is doped with the organic plant combination.
The invention also provides a construction method of the plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection, which is characterized in that the bank slopes on two sides of the river channel are taken as the basis, the templates are paved at intervals along the inclined planes, a pouring area is formed between the adjacent templates, the gelled gravel material is poured from bottom to top in the pouring area to form a gelled sand gravel layer paved along the inclined planes, the templates are removed after the gelled sand gravel is solidified, filling ecological bags containing ETS ecological flora in the area occupied by the template to form an ecological zone, the bag body of the ecological bag is filled with a bulk plant organic combination body, the plant organic combination body comprises ETS ecological flora, plant seeds and a small amount of bonding materials, and the root system of the plant organic combination body can enter the gap of the gelled sand gravel layer through the bag body to form an ecological layer foundation, and paving soil on the ecological layer foundation to form a surface soil layer, and planting corresponding plants on the surface soil layer to form a vegetation layer.
And the soil of the surface soil layer is doped with the organic plant combination.
The width of the pouring area is 2-4 m.
The gelled sand gravel layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the water-to-glue ratio is 1.0-1.4, and the cement consumption is 50 kg-70 kg/m3The usage amount of the fly ash is 60-70% of the usage amount of the cement, and the void ratio of the gelled sand gravel layer is not less than 15%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof, comprising a gelled sand gravel layer which takes riverbed sand gravel, cement and fly ash as main raw materials, wherein the gelled sand gravel layer has safe and stable structure and strong water flow scouring resistance; when the ecological bag is laid, the template is used for pouring layer by layer from bottom to top, the construction is convenient, the requirement on the laying terrain is low, the ecological bag containing ETS ecological flora is filled in a slot opening left by the template after the gelled sand gravel is solidified, the two slot walls of the slot opening can reduce the impact area of water flow on the ecological bag, so that the service life of the ecological bag is prolonged, the plant organic combination body is filled in the bag body in the ecological bag, and the root system of the plant organic combination body can enter a gap of the gelled sand gravel layer through the bag body to form an ecological layer foundation; soil doped with plant organic combination bodies is laid on the gelled sand gravel layer and the ecological bag to form a surface soil layer, corresponding plants are planted on the surface soil layer to form a vegetation layer, a developed pore structure of the gelled sand gravel layer provides a premise for the growth of plant roots, and the complicated pore structure of the gelled sand gravel layer can prevent plant seeds from being taken away by water flow; the doped organic combination in the soil layer can enter gaps of the gelled sand gravel layer and provide necessary nutrients for the growth of vegetation in the vegetation layer.
The invention provides a plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof, the ecological slope protection has obvious surface greening effect, safe and stable structure and strong anti-scouring capability, and is provided with an ecological bag containing ETS ecological flora, the ecological slope protection can reduce the area of the ecological bag impacted by water flow, so that the service life of the ecological bag is prolonged, and the ecological slope protection is simple and convenient in laying method, wide in application range and low in requirements on terrain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the slope protection layer of the invention along the slope of the bank.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the vegetation machine combination of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the ecological bag of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the die plate arrangement of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is bank slope, 2 is gelatinization sand gravel layer, 21 is gelatinization sand gravel, 22 is ecological slot seam, 3 is topsoil layer, 31 is aquatic plant area, 32 is amphibian plant area, 33 is terrestrial plant area, 4 is terrestrial plant, 5 is amphibian plant, 6 is aquatic plant, 7 is ecological bag, 71 is plant machine combination, 8 is the river course surface of water, 81 is river course surface of water wave line, 9 is the template, 10 is the pouring district.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1
River bank protection is the land and water two living ecosystem between land and water, can often receive the influence that the water level floated from top to bottom, and the washing that receives is especially serious in land and water transition stage, causes the soil and water loss of large tracts of land for a long time, and the vegetation is difficult more to prick the root, and bank slope ecosystem suffers serious damage. Especially in the middle and upstream river channels with rapid water flow and numerous deposited sand and pebbles, plant seeds in the water level change zone are easy to be washed away by the water flow, so that the plants cannot survive in a large area, the vegetation cannot be effectively recovered manually, and the water-land connection transition zone with the key function in the ecological system is damaged and cannot stably exist for a long time.
The existing revetments such as geocell revetments have good greening effect, increase drainage performance, are quick to construct and low in manufacturing cost, but are not environment-friendly in materials and have higher requirements on the terrain; the ecological slope protection of the gabion net has good water permeability and good shock resistance, but the greening area is limited; the ecological bag type ecological slope protection is simple and convenient to construct, the vegetation recovery is good, but the ecological bag is not durable, and the anti-scouring capability is poor; the problems solved by the ecological revetments are single and the problems existing in river channels cannot be comprehensively and fully solved.
To above-mentioned problem, this embodiment provides a compound ecological bank protection of plant organic combination body, as shown in fig. 1, bank slope 1 including the slope of river course both sides, bank slope 1 upper berth is equipped with gelatinization sand gravel layer 2, for gelatinization sand gravel material along bank slope 1 from supreme pouring down form, gelatinization sand gravel layer 21's bottom with the contact of river course bottom, the equal coastal slope of gelatinization sand gravel layer 21 upper end extends to on the river bank of river course both sides, gelatinization sand gravel layer 21's main material is: cement, riverbed sand gravel, water and a small amount of fly ash, wherein the porosity of the poured slope protection is not less than 15%, and the particle size of the coarse aggregate is 20mm to 150 mm.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, a plurality of vertically arranged ecological slots 22 are reserved on the surfaces of gelled sand gravel layers 21 on two sides of a river channel at uniform intervals during pouring, the horizontal distance between every two adjacent ecological slots 22 is 2-4 m, ecological bags 7 containing ETS ecological flora are filled in the ecological slots 22 to form ecological belts, each ecological bag 7 comprises a bag body, each bag body is a rectangular bag body formed by sewing non-woven fabrics and a composite geotextile membrane, the outermost layer of each bag body is the non-woven fabrics, each non-woven fabric comprises an ultraviolet-proof layer and a heat-insulating layer, the inner layer of each bag body is the composite geotextile membrane, each composite geotextile membrane comprises a water-retaining ecological membrane and an anti-scouring protective layer, an interlayer is formed inside each non-woven fabric and the composite geotextile membrane, a clustered machine and plant combination body 71 is filled in each interlayer, each organic plant combination body 71 comprises ETS ecological flora, The plant seeds and a small amount of sticky substances enable ETS ecological flora and the plant seeds to be combined to form a bulk plant organic combination body 71, and root systems grown by the plant organic combination body 71 penetrate through the bag body of the ecological bag 7 and are distributed in pores developed by gelled sand gravel; the two walls of the ecological slot 22 can reduce the impact area of the river water flow on the ecological bag, thereby prolonging the service life of the ecological bag.
The plant seeds comprise aquatic plant seeds, terrestrial plant seeds and amphibian plant seeds of an amphibious transition zone, and different seeds can grow in different environments, so that the greening area of the slope protection of the embodiment is ensured; the ETS ecological flora comprises a plurality of actinomycetes, ammonia nitrogen decomposing bacteria, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrite degrading bacteria, fiber decomposing bacteria, a plurality of photosynthetic bacteria, a plurality of lactic acid bacteria, low-temperature decomposing bacteria, halophilic bacteria and other functional bacteria, and can rapidly degrade ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and other pollutants in water flow in a river channel, restore the self-purification capacity of a water body, reduce the sludge content of the water body and reduce harmful gases; and the ETS ecological flora can provide necessary nutrients for the growth of plant roots.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, soil doped with plant organic combination bodies is laid on the cemented sand gravel layer 2 and the ecological zone to form a topsoil layer 3, the plant organic combination bodies 71 can enter gaps of the cemented sand gravel layer, the topsoil layer 3 comprises an aquatic plant zone 31, an amphibian plant zone 32 and a terrestrial plant zone 33 which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the aquatic plant zone 31 is arranged in the region of the topsoil layer below the river water surface 8, and aquatic plants 6 which can grow in water are planted on the aquatic plant zone 31 of the topsoil layer 3; the region of the surface soil layer 3 above the river water surface 8 and below the river water surface fluctuation line is an amphiprotic plant zone 32, the river water surface fluctuation line 81 is a high-level schematic line of river surface fluctuation in the river water storage period, the amphiprotic plants 6 are planted on the amphiprotic plant zone 32 of the surface soil layer 3, and the amphiprotic plants have strong adaptability compared with the aquatic plants 6 or the terrestrial plants 4 and can survive when submerged or exposed to air; the surface soil layer 3 above the two plant belts 32 is a land plant belt 33, and land plants 4 are planted on the land plant belt 33 of the surface soil layer 3.
Root systems of the aquatic plants 6, the two-life plants 5 and the terrestrial plants 4 all grow in developed pores of the gelled gravel 21 through the topsoil layer 3, and ETS ecological flora on the plant organic combination 71 in the pores of the gelled gravel 21 can provide nutrients for growth of ecological plants.
Compared with the existing gabion mesh ecological slope protection, the developed pores of the cemented sand gravel 21 provide a premise for the growth of plant roots, and the poured slope protection 21 made of the cemented sand gravel material is environment-friendly compared with the existing geocell slope protection; compare the slope protection 21 of pouring of gelatinization sand gravel material with the ecological bank protection of current ecological bag type not only the anti rivers scouring ability reinforce, can make the ecological bag receive the scour area to reduce moreover, make the life of ecological bag stronger.
Before pouring, the pouring revetment 21 of the ecological revetment of the embodiment collects natural sand gravel of river bed near a construction county, and after simple sieving and elimination of large particles with the particle size larger than 150mm, the water-cement ratio is 1.2, and the cement dosage is 60kg/m3And the slope protection made of cemented sand gravel materials can be poured along the bank slopes inclined at two sides of the river from bottom to top after the raw materials are mixed together according to the raw material dosage of 65 percent of the cement dosage. The method can adopt a common template to pour, vertical templates are erected at intervals of a certain width, slope protection pouring is divided into multiple sections to be carried out, the slope slopes on two sides of the riverway are poured from bottom to top, workers can manually vibrate and level the former section when the next section is poured, the template is removed after the cemented sand gravel is condensed and formed, and a slot seam left after the template is removed is an ecological slot seam.
The embodiment provides a compound ecological bank protection of plant organic combination, and this ecological bank protection surface greening effect is showing, and structure safety and stability, scour resistance are strong to install the ecological bag that contains the ecological fungus of ETS, ecological bank protection can reduce the area that the ecological bag receives the rivers impact, makes the life extension of ecological bag.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a construction method of a plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection, as shown in fig. 5, a river channel where the ecological slope protection needs to be laid is cut off, then, on the basis of bank slopes 1 inclined at two sides of the river channel, templates 9 are laid at intervals along the inclined planes of the bank slopes 1, the distance between every two adjacent templates is 4m, a pouring area 10 is formed between every two adjacent templates, and then, according to the area of the pouring area, the water-cement ratio is 1.0-1.4, and the cement consumption is 50 kg-70 kg/m3The dosage of the fly ash is 60 percent of the dosage of the cement70 percent of gelled sand gravel material with the stirring porosity not less than 15 percent is poured in a pouring area from bottom to top after the stirring is finished, and the gelled sand gravel layer 2 is formed by manual vibration and leveling, the paving mode of the gelled sand gravel layer 2 is simple and convenient, the requirement on the pavement terrain is low, the structure of the solidified gelled sand gravel layer 2 is stable and safe, and the water flow scouring resistance is strong; the template is removed after the gelled gravel 21 is condensed and formed, the slot seam left by the template 9 on the gelled gravel layer 2 is an ecological slot seam, then an ecological bag containing ETS ecological flora is filled in the ecological slot seam to form an ecological zone, the two slot walls of the ecological slot seam 22 can reduce the impact area of river water flow on the ecological bag, so that the service life of the ecological bag is prolonged, a massive organic and plant combination body 71 is filled in the ecological bag, the organic plant combination body 71 comprises ETS ecological flora, plant seeds and a small amount of bonding substances, the bonding substances enable the ETS ecological flora and the plant seeds to be combined to form a massive plant organic combination body 71, and the root system of the plant organic combination body can enter the slot seam of the gelled gravel layer through the bag body to form an ecological layer foundation.
Then, soil doped with plant organic combination bodies is laid on the basis of the ecological layer to form a surface soil layer 3, the surface soil layer is divided into an aquatic plant zone 31 of the river surface 8, an amphibian plant zone 32 between the river surface 8 and a river surface wave line 81 and a terrestrial plant zone 33 above the amphibian plant zone 32 from bottom to top in sequence according to the river surface 8 and the river surface wave line 81 when river water circulates, corresponding plants are planted on the corresponding aquatic plant zones to form a vegetation layer, and then the river for laying the ecological protection slope can be circulated with water.
The construction method of the plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection provided by the embodiment can enable the ecological slope protection to be simply and conveniently laid, and has a wide application range under the condition of requirements on the laying terrain.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection is characterized in that bank slopes on two sides of a river channel are taken as a basis, templates are laid at intervals along inclined planes, a pouring area is formed between adjacent templates, gelled gravel materials are poured from bottom to top in the pouring area to form a gelled sand gravel layer laid along the inclined planes, the templates are removed after the gelled sand gravel is solidified, filling an ecological bag containing ETS ecological flora in a banded region occupied by the template to form an ecological zone, the bag body of the ecological bag is filled with a bulk plant organic combination body, the plant organic combination body comprises ETS ecological flora, plant seeds and a small amount of bonding materials, and the root system of the plant organic combination body can enter the gap of the gelled sand gravel layer through the bag body to form an ecological layer foundation, and paving soil on the ecological layer foundation to form a surface soil layer, and planting corresponding plants on the surface soil layer to form a vegetation layer.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil of the top soil layer is doped with the organic plant combination.
3. The construction method of the plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the pouring area is 2-4 m.
4. The construction method of the plant-organic combination body composite ecological slope protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gelled gravel layer comprises the following components by mass percent: the water-to-glue ratio is 1.0-1.4, and the cement consumption is 50 kg-70 kg/m3The usage amount of the fly ash is 60-70% of the usage amount of the cement, and the void ratio of the gelled sand gravel layer is not less than 15%.
5. A plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection which is constructed by the construction method of the plant organic combination composite ecological slope protection according to claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the steps of taking bank slopes inclined at two sides of a river channel as a basis, pouring gelled sand gravel materials on the basis to form gelled sand gravel layers laid along the inclined planes, enabling the upper ends of the gelled sand gravel layers to extend upwards to the river bank of the river channel, uniformly spacing or reserving a plurality of ecological slots along the direction of the bank, filling ecological bags containing ETS ecological flora in the ecological slots to form ecological zones, filling bulk-shaped plant organic combinations into bag bodies of the ecological bags, enabling the plant organic combinations to comprise the ETS ecological flora, plant seeds and a small amount of bonding materials, and laying soil on the gelled sand gravel layers and the ecological zones to form a surface soil layer, planting corresponding plants in the topsoil layer to form a vegetation layer.
6. The plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection according to claim 5, wherein the porosity of the gelled gravel layer is not less than 15%.
7. The plant-organic combination body composite ecological slope protection according to claim 5, wherein the gelled gravel layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the water-to-glue ratio is 1.0-1.4, and the cement consumption is 50 kg-70 kg/m3The using amount of the fly ash is 60 to 70 percent of the using amount of the cement.
8. The plant-organic combination composite ecological slope protection according to claim 5, wherein the ETS ecological flora comprises various actinomycetes, ammonia nitrogen decomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrite degrading bacteria, fiber decomposing bacteria, various photosynthetic bacteria, various lactic acid bacteria, low temperature decomposing bacteria and halophilic bacteria.
9. The ecological slope protection of claim 5, wherein the plant seeds comprise aquatic plant seeds, terrestrial plant seeds and amphibian plant seeds of an amphibian transition zone.
10. The ecological slope protection of claim 5, wherein soil of said top soil layer is doped with said organic plant combination.
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