CN109629510B - Ecological revetment system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological revetment system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109629510B CN109629510B CN201910040841.8A CN201910040841A CN109629510B CN 109629510 B CN109629510 B CN 109629510B CN 201910040841 A CN201910040841 A CN 201910040841A CN 109629510 B CN109629510 B CN 109629510B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000001090 Papaver somniferum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011096 Papaver Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005273 Canna coccinea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000721692 Lythrum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195474 Sargassum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209485 Nuphar Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000488874 Sonchus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008555 Canna flaccida Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000169203 Eichhornia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 98
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000234587 Canna Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001092489 Potentilla Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001536526 Nuphar pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008753 Papaver somniferum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological revetment system and a construction method thereof. The ecological revetment area sequentially comprises a plant layer, an ecological concrete block layer, an ecological concrete layer, an impermeable layer, a nutrient soil layer and a raw soil layer from top to bottom; the ecological concrete river bed area sequentially comprises an ecological concrete layer, an impermeable layer, a nutrient soil layer and a raw soil layer from top to bottom. Compared with the traditional hard revetment, the ecological revetment effectively prevents soil of the revetment from being corroded by water flow, enhances water and soil conservation capacity, enriches plant communities and can be widely applied to the field of river ecological restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. More particularly, the present invention relates to an ecological revetment system and a method of constructing the same.
Background
In addition, the traditional river bank engineering design does not consider the biodiversity of the water ecosystem and the sustainable utilization of water resources, and most revetments treat harder structures, such as stone revetments, gabion revetments and the like, so that the landscape effect is poor, and the biological sample of the river ecosystem is difficult to recover.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a river ecological revetment structure system and a construction method thereof, which are used for restoring the structure and the function of a river ecological system, restoring the ecological system and the original ecological function of a river bank zone, and recovering and sustainable utilization of water resources.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the ecological revetment comprises an ecological concrete riverbed area and an ecological revetment area, wherein the ecological revetment area sequentially comprises a plant layer, an ecological concrete block stone layer, an ecological concrete layer, an impermeable layer, a nutrient soil layer and a raw soil layer from top to bottom; the ecological concrete riverbed area sequentially comprises an ecological concrete layer, an impermeable layer, a nutrient soil layer and a raw soil layer from top to bottom.
Preferably, the ecological concrete block stoneThe volume of the layer is 0.2-0.5 m 3 Is formed by orderly stacking ecological concrete; the particle size of the aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete reaches 20-40 mm.
Preferably, the ecological concrete layer is formed by casting ecological concrete on site, the thickness of the ecological concrete layer is 10-20 cm, and the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete reaches 10-20 mm.
Preferably, the impermeable layer has a gram weight of 50-100 g/m 2 A nonwoven fabric.
Preferably, the ecological concrete block layer adopts a slope ratio of 1:0.5 to 1: and 3, piling up the materials on a slope.
Preferably, the plant layer is composed of emergent aquatic plants, floating leaf plants and submerged plants, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are one or more of Lythrum, canna or calamus, the floating leaf plants are one or more of Papaver, potentilla or Nuphar, and the submerged plants are one or more of herba Otophylli, sargassum or herba Sonchi Oleracei.
Preferably, the height of the ecological revetment area and the ecological concrete river bed area is set as follows:
when the ecological concrete river bed area is at a dead water level, the ecological concrete river bed area is submerged and covered by river water;
when the water level is at a constant water level, the ecological concrete river bed area and 1/2 ecological revetment area in the vertical direction are submerged and covered by river water;
when the water level is high, the ecological concrete river bed area and all the ecological revetment areas are submerged and covered by river water.
A method of constructing an ecological revetment system comprising the steps of:
firstly, cleaning the original revetment and the bed bottom mud, dredging, tamping the riverbed and the original soil layer of the revetment, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.92;
secondly, constructing the ecological concrete river bed area:
s1, paving a soil layer of an original river bed area with planting soil, biochar and wormcast according to a mass ratio of 2:3: mixing and tamping 0.5 to form a nutrient soil layer of the ecological concrete riverbed area, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.88, and the thickness of the tamped nutrient soil layer is 25-30cm;
s2, 50-80 g/m 2 The impermeable layer formed by the non-woven fabric is paved on the nutrient soil layer formed in the step S1;
s3, manually pouring ecological concrete on the impermeable layer formed in the step S2, wherein the pouring thickness is 10-20 cm, the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete reaches 10-20 mm, and the ecological concrete is covered with geotextile for maintenance for 5-7 days;
thirdly, constructing the ecological revetment area:
s4, paving a soil layer on the original revetment by planting soil, biochar and wormcast according to a mass ratio of 2:3: mixing and tamping 0.5 to form a nutrient soil layer, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.88, and the thickness of the tamped nutrient soil layer is 25-30cm;
s5, 50-80 g/m 2 The impermeable layer formed by the non-woven fabric is paved on the nutrient soil layer formed in the step S4;
s6, manually pouring ecological concrete on the impermeable layer formed in the step S5, wherein the pouring thickness is 10-20 cm, the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete reaches 10-20 mm, and the ecological concrete is covered with geotextile for maintenance for 5-7 days;
s7, the volume is 0.2 to 0.5m 3 The ecological concrete block stones are orderly piled on the ecological concrete layer formed in the step S6 to form an ecological concrete block stone layer, and the grain size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete block stone layer is 20-40 mm;
s8, planting the emergent aquatic plants above the normal water level of the river channel, planting the floating leaf plants at the normal water level of the river channel, and planting the submerged plants between the normal water level of the river channel and the dead water level, so that a plant layer of the ecological revetment area is formed.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant is Lythrum, canna or calamus, the floating leaf plant is Papaver somniferum or Nuphar pumilum, and the submerged plant is herba Ocular, sargassum or herba Sonchi Oleracei.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional hard revetments, the ecological revetment effectively prevents the erosion degree of the soil of the revetment by water flow, and enhances the water and soil conservation capacity;
2. the ecological revetment structure fully takes account of water exchange and adjustment between land and water areas, effectively blocks non-point source pollution, effectively reduces river bottom sediment overflow of an ecological concrete river bed and a river bank, prevents secondary pollution of the bottom sediment to the water body, and has an improvement effect on river water purification;
3. the ecological revetment structure adopts the prefabricated ecological concrete block stones, is simple in construction, and can adapt to the water level change characteristics of different seasons; the ecological concrete has a certain communicated pore space, provides habitat for plants and microorganisms, increases biodiversity, creates a good living environment for the biodiversity of rivers, and obviously improves the ecological benefit of the environment.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an ecological concrete riverbed area and an ecological revetment area according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an ecological network layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the ecological net according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the metal net and the ecological net according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of the fixing rod according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view at a of fig. 5.
Description of the specification reference numerals: 1. an ecological revetment area; 2. ecological concrete river bed areas; 3. a plant layer; 4. an ecological concrete block stone layer; 5. an ecological concrete layer; 6. an impermeable layer; 7. a nutrient soil layer; 8. original soil layer, 9, ecological net layer, 10, metal net, 11, ecological net, 12, spring, 13, wire, 14, bolt, 15, dead lever, 1501, interference part, 1502, fixing part, 1503 and sleeve.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides an ecological revetment system and a construction method thereof, which includes:
the ecological revetment comprises an ecological concrete riverbed area 2 and an ecological revetment area 1, wherein the ecological revetment area 1 sequentially comprises a plant layer 3, an ecological concrete block layer 4, an ecological concrete layer 5, an impermeable layer 6, a nutrient soil layer 7 and a raw soil layer 8 from top to bottom; the ecological concrete riverbed area 2 sequentially comprises an ecological concrete layer 5, an impermeable layer 6, a nutrient soil layer 7 and a raw soil layer 8 from top to bottom.
In the technical scheme, the construction of the embodiment is divided into two parts of riverbed construction and revetment construction, wherein the riverbed construction is implemented by dredging sludge, backfilling raw soil and tamping and rolling in a swamp environment without water or with a rare water amount, backfilling a nutrition layer on the surface layer of the raw soil layer 8 to provide nutrients and supplement for the growth of microorganisms, submerged plants and the like, arranging an impermeable layer 6 above the nutrition layer to prevent water from entering the nutrition layer to wash and damage the nutrition layer so as to ensure that nutrition is lost, and continuously pouring concrete on the upper surface of the impermeable layer 6 by manpower to form a firm riverbed bottom; the ecological revetment area is provided with an ecological concrete block layer 4 and a plant layer 3 above the layered level arrangement of the river bed layer; the ecological concrete has certain communication pores, provides habitat for plants and microorganisms, effectively increases plant diversity of a revetment system through vegetation construction of an ecological revetment area, enriches vegetation communities, can support water, attract animals, microorganisms and the like, and further enriches diversity of a revetment ecological system.
The construction mode of the ecological revetment and the riverbed thereof is suitable for ecological system construction of the urban ecological riverbed and the revetment.
In another technical scheme, the ecological concrete block stone layer 4 is formed by a volume of 0.2-0.5 m 3 Is formed by orderly stacking ecological concrete; the particle size of the aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete reaches 20-40 mm.
In the technical scheme, the downward pressure formed by stacking the ecological concrete stones can also consolidate the stability of the revetment, and emergent aquatic plants can also grow in the stone gaps.
In another technical scheme, the impermeable layer 6 has a gram weight of 50-100 g/m 2 A nonwoven fabric.
In another technical scheme, the ecological concrete block stone layer adopts a slope ratio of 1:0.5 to 1: and 3, piling up the materials on a slope.
In another technical scheme, the plant layer 3 is composed of emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and submerged plants, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are one or more of Lythrum, canna or calamus, the floating plants are one or more of Papaver, papaver or Nuphar, and the submerged plants are one or more of Otophus, sargassum or Sonchus.
In another technical scheme, the heights of the ecological revetment area 1 and the ecological concrete riverbed area 2 are set as follows:
when the ecological concrete riverbed area 2 is at a dead water level, the ecological concrete riverbed area 2 is submerged and covered by river water;
when the water level is at a constant water level, the ecological concrete riverbed area 2 and 1/2 ecological revetment area 1 in the vertical direction are submerged and covered by river water;
when the water level is high, the ecological concrete riverbed area 2 and the whole ecological revetment area 1 are submerged and covered by river water.
In the technical scheme, different plants are selectively planted according to different water levels to meet the vegetation requirements of the revetments of the river channels, so that more aquatic animals and birds are attracted to enable the ecological system of the revetment area to trend toward diversity, and water circulation, purification and environment beautifying are further promoted. As shown in fig. 1, three horizontal lines with inverted delta from top to bottom represent a high water level, a normal water level, and a low water level, respectively.
In another technical scheme, an ecological net layer 9 is further arranged between the plant layer 3 and the ecological concrete block stone layer 4, and the ecological net layer 9 comprises a plurality of fixing rods 15, a metal net 10 and a flexible ecological net 11:
the fixing rods 15 are all in a shape of a truncated cone with a large upper part and a small lower part and an opening upper part and a lower part, the top surfaces of the fixing rods 15 extend upwards to form a cylindrical extension part, the upper ends of the inner cavities of the extension parts are coaxially sleeved and fixed with an annular fixing part 1502, a sleeve 1503 is sleeved in the fixing part, the lower ends of the sleeve 1503 protrude out of the fixing part 1502 and extend outwards to form an annular interference part 1501, and the sleeve 1503 cannot be separated from the fixing part 1502;
the lower parts of the truncated cone shapes of the fixing rods 15 are vertically inserted into the ecological concrete block stone layer 4, and the lower ends of the fixing rods 15 sequentially penetrate through the concrete layer and the impermeable layer 6 to the upper surface of the nutrient soil layer 7; the fixing rods 15 are distributed in a rectangular array;
a wire mesh 10 woven in a net shape from a plurality of wires 13, the wire mesh 10 being connected to the side walls of the top of all the sleeves 1503 to form a unitary structure; a square first fixing frame is fixedly attached to the metal net 10, and all fixing rods 15 are arranged in the square first fixing frame in a circle;
a flexible ecological net 11 comprising a plurality of connecting wires made of fiber materials, woven into a net shape, laid and fixed on the ecological concrete block stone layer 4 for fixing the stone blocks of the ecological concrete block stone layer 4; a square second fixed frame is fixed on the periphery of the flexible ecological net 11 and is arranged right below the first fixed frame;
a plurality of springs 12 vertically fixed between the first and second fixed frames;
a plurality of bolts 14, the lower ends of which vertically penetrate through the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame and are screwed on the second fixed frame;
in the technical scheme, the ecological net layer 9 is paved on the upper surface of the ecological concrete block stone layer 4, and the net body has toughness and softness, so that the stability of the ecological concrete block stone on revetments with certain gradients can be fully improved, and the ecological concrete block stone is prevented from falling off;
wherein, ecological network layer 9 includes metal mesh 10 and flexible ecological network 11, and two-layer structure makes it more stable, simultaneously, flexible ecological network 11 is by the connecting wire that many fibrous materials made, difficult wearing and tearing just easily mould, twines more convenient, practical with dead lever 15 when the process of weaving flexible ecological network 11, and the metalwork that sets up simultaneously on flexible ecological network 11 still has certain bearing capacity, can prevent that the foreign matter from falling, perhaps bears the poultry and stop on metal mesh 10.
The invention provides an ecological revetment system and a construction method thereof, wherein:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, cleaning the original revetment and the bed bottom mud, dredging, tamping the riverbed and the original soil layer 8 of the revetment, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.92;
secondly, constructing the ecological concrete river bed area 2:
s1, paving planting soil, biochar and wormcast on a raw soil layer 8 of a raw river bed region according to a mass ratio of 2:3:0.5 mixing and tamping to form a nutrient soil layer 7 of the ecological concrete riverbed area 2, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.88, and the thickness of the tamped nutrient soil layer 7 is 25-30cm;
s2, 50-80 g/m 2 The impermeable layer 6 formed by the non-woven fabric is paved on the nutrient soil layer 7 formed in the step S1;
s3, manually pouring ecological concrete on the impermeable layer 6 formed in the step S2, wherein the pouring thickness is 10-20 cm, the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete is 10-20 mm, and the ecological concrete is covered with geotextile for maintenance for 5-7 days;
thirdly, constructing the ecological revetment area 1:
s4, paving planting soil, biochar and wormcast on the original soil layer 8 of the revetment according to the mass ratio of 2:3: mixing and tamping 0.5 to form a nutrient soil layer 7, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.88, and the thickness of the tamped nutrient soil layer 7 is 25-30cm;
s5, 50-80 g/m 2 The impermeable layer 6 formed by the non-woven fabric is paved on the nutrient soil layer 7 formed in the step S4Applying;
s6, manually pouring ecological concrete on the impermeable layer 6 formed in the step S5, wherein the pouring thickness is 10-20 cm, the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete is 10-20 mm, and the ecological concrete is covered with geotextile for maintenance for 5-7 days;
s7, the volume is 0.2 to 0.5m 3 The ecological concrete block stones are orderly piled up on the ecological concrete layer formed in the step S6 to form an ecological concrete block stone layer 4, and the grain size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete block stone layer 4 reaches 20-40 mm;
s8, planting the emergent aquatic plants above the normal water level of the river, planting the floating leaf plants at the normal water level of the river, and planting the submerged plants between the normal water level of the river and the dead water level, so as to form a plant layer 3 of the ecological revetment area 1.
In another technical scheme, the emergent aquatic plant is Lythrum, canna or calamus, the floating leaf plant is Papaver, potentilla or Nuphar, and the submerged plant is herba Euphorbiae Humifusae, sargassum or herba Sonchi Oleracei.
In another technical scheme, in the step S7-8, an ecological net layer 9 is paved on the ecological concrete block stone layer 4 formed in the step S7.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an ecological revetment system, includes ecological concrete riverbed district and ecological revetment district, its characterized in that: the ecological revetment area sequentially comprises a plant layer, an ecological concrete block layer, an ecological concrete layer, an impermeable layer, a nutrient soil layer and a raw soil layer from top to bottom; the ecological concrete riverbed area sequentially comprises an ecological concrete layer, an impermeable layer, a nutrient soil layer and a raw soil layer from top to bottom;
an ecological net layer (9) is further arranged between the plant layer (3) and the ecological concrete block stone layer (4), and the ecological net layer (9) comprises a plurality of fixing rods (15), a metal net (10) and a flexible ecological net (11):
the fixing rods (15) are all in a truncated cone-shaped shell shape with a large upper part and a small lower part and an opening upper part and a lower part, the top surfaces of the fixing rods (15) extend upwards to form a cylindrical extension part, the upper ends of the inner cavities of the extension parts are coaxially sleeved and fixed with an annular fixing part (1502), a sleeve (1503) is sleeved in the fixing part, the lower ends of the sleeve (1503) protrude out of the fixing part (1502) and extend outwards to form an annular interference part (1501), and the sleeve (1503) cannot be separated from the fixing part (1502);
the lower parts of the truncated cone shapes of the fixing rods (15) are vertically inserted into the ecological concrete block stone layer (4), and the lower ends of the fixing rods (15) sequentially penetrate through the ecological concrete layer and the impermeable layer (6) to the upper surface of the nutrient soil layer (7); the fixing rods (15) are distributed in a rectangular array;
a metal mesh (10) woven from a plurality of wires (13), the metal mesh (10) being connected to the top side walls of all sleeves (1503) to form a unitary structure; a square first fixing frame is fixedly attached to the metal net (10), and all fixing rods (15) are arranged in a circle;
the flexible ecological net (11) comprises a plurality of connecting wires made of fiber materials, is braided into a net shape, and is paved and fixed on the ecological concrete block stone layer (4) so as to be used for fixing the stone blocks of the ecological concrete block stone layer (4); a square second fixed frame is fixed on the periphery of the flexible ecological network (11), and is arranged right below the first fixed frame;
a plurality of springs (12) vertically fixed between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame;
and the lower ends of the bolts (14) vertically penetrate through the first fixing frame and the second fixing frame and are in threaded connection with the second fixing frame.
2. The ecological revetment system according to claim 1, wherein the ecological concrete block layer is formed by a volume of 0.2-0.5 m 3 The ecological concrete block stones are orderly stacked.
3. The ecological revetment system according to claim 1, wherein the ecological concrete layer is formed by casting ecological concrete in situ, the thickness of the ecological concrete layer is 10-20 cm, and the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete layer is 10-20 mm.
4. The ecological revetment system according to claim 1, wherein the barrier layer is 50-100 g/m in grammage 2 A nonwoven fabric.
5. The ecological revetment system of claim 1, wherein said ecological concrete block layer adopts a slope ratio of 1:0.5 to 1: and 3, piling up the materials on a slope.
6. The ecological revetment system according to claim 1, wherein the plant layer is composed of emergent aquatic plants, floating plants and submerged plants, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are one or more of Lythrum, canna or calamus, the floating plants are one or more of Papaver, papaver or Nuphar, and the submerged plants are one or more of Eichhornia, sargassum or Sonchus.
7. The ecological revetment system according to claim 1, wherein the height of the ecological revetment zone and the ecological concrete riverbed zone is set to:
when the ecological concrete river bed area is at a dead water level, the ecological concrete river bed area is submerged and covered by river water;
when the water level is at a constant water level, the ecological concrete river bed area and 1/2 ecological revetment area in the vertical direction are submerged and covered by river water;
when the water level is high, the ecological concrete river bed area and all the ecological revetment areas are submerged and covered by river water.
8. A method of constructing an ecological revetment system according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
firstly, cleaning the original revetment and the bed bottom mud, dredging, tamping the riverbed and the original soil layer of the revetment, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.92;
secondly, constructing the ecological concrete river bed area:
s1, paving a soil layer of an original river bed area with planting soil, biochar and wormcast according to a mass ratio of 2:3: mixing and tamping 0.5 to form a nutrient soil layer of the ecological concrete riverbed area, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.88, and the thickness of the tamped nutrient soil layer is 25-30cm;
s2, paving an impermeable layer formed by non-woven fabrics on the nutrient soil layer formed in the step S1;
s3, manually pouring ecological concrete on the impermeable layer formed in the step S2, wherein the pouring thickness is 10-20 cm, the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete is 10-20 mm, and the ecological concrete is covered with geotextile for maintenance for 5-7 days;
thirdly, constructing the ecological revetment area:
s4, paving a soil layer on the original revetment by planting soil, biochar and wormcast according to a mass ratio of 2:3: mixing and tamping 0.5 to form a nutrient soil layer, wherein the tamping coefficient is 0.88, and the thickness of the tamped nutrient soil layer is 25-30cm;
s5, paving an impermeable layer formed by non-woven fabrics on the nutrient soil layer formed in the step S4;
s6, manually pouring ecological concrete on the impermeable layer formed in the step S5, wherein the pouring thickness is 10-20 cm, the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete is 10-20 mm, and the ecological concrete is covered with geotextile for maintenance for 5-7 days;
s7, the volume is 0.2 to 0.5m 3 Sequentially stacking the concrete blocks on the ecological concrete layer formed in the step S6 to form an ecological concrete block layer, wherein the particle size of aggregate adopted by the ecological concrete block layer is 20-40 mm;
s8, planting the emergent aquatic plants above the normal water level of the river channel, planting the floating leaf plants at the normal water level of the river channel, and planting the submerged plants between the normal water level of the river channel and the dead water level, so that a plant layer of the ecological revetment area is formed.
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