CN110983532A - 一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110983532A
CN110983532A CN201911165655.3A CN201911165655A CN110983532A CN 110983532 A CN110983532 A CN 110983532A CN 201911165655 A CN201911165655 A CN 201911165655A CN 110983532 A CN110983532 A CN 110983532A
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CN110983532B (zh
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蔡光明
郝宝卫
程德山
毕曙光
冉建华
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Wuhan Textile University
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    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D02G3/328Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,本发明采用以氨纶长丝为芯纱,在外包缠碳纳米管棉细纱并涂覆碳纳米管,然后采用化学原位聚合吡咯的方法制备了弹簧结构螺旋纱,然后在复合纱螺旋纱表面涂覆聚乙烯醇/磷酸凝胶。这种结构的纱线可拉伸,具有传感功能,同时凝胶作为电解质使得纱线具有电容特性,并作为隔膜很好的保护了聚吡咯,减少聚吡咯的脱落,提高了纱线的使用寿命;本发明将拉伸传感和可拉伸的柔性超级电容器两者合二为一,实现了功能多样化。本发明提供的制备方法操作简单、制备方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。

Description

一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及导电纱领域,具体涉及一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法。
背景技术
多功能电子产品在可穿戴领域发展前景广阔。目前一些初步的应用已经得到证实,如电子传感器、户外运动防护服、宇航服、医疗卫生行业等。传统的应变感应器种类主要是电阻应变传感器,其在外力作用下产生机械形变后,使电阻值发生相应变化。电阻应变片主要有金属(金属丝式、箔式和薄膜式)和半导体两类。然而基于半导体或金属材质的应变传感器柔韧性差,检测灵敏度有限,难以满足便携式可穿戴电子设备的要求。近年来研究人员致力开发可穿戴型应变传感器,因其具有一定柔性、贴合性、灵敏度、快速响应性、使用耐久性等特点,在医疗、运动检测、人机互动等方面具有重要的应用前景。
目前为止,柔性应变传感器件先后经历了不同发展历程:第一阶段是将普通电子元件如传感器、存储器、芯片等设计植入到面料或服装中。但是这种传感器不能折叠和清洗,难以大规模生产。第二阶段是将电子元件微量化,与纤维进行复合,经过编制制成电子智能纺织品。这种传感器传感元件较为单一,不易多次使用。近期发展新型柔性电子材料成为研究热点,如以纱线为基底的传感器或电容器。然而具有多种复合功能的电子产品目前仍然面临巨大挑战,如变形困难、韧性差、传感范围小、灵敏度低、稳定性差、功能单一、制作成本高、不能大规模生产等。虽然以纱线为基底的传感器或电容器种类繁多,结构多样,但是大多产品寿命短,功能单一,同时具有拉伸传感和电容特性的纱线并未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.将棉粗条在碳纳米管分散液中浸泡,超声50~70min,然后再温度为70~90℃的烘箱中烘干,剥散,重复操作,直至棉粗条单位长度的电阻不再发生变化;
S2.通过环锭纺纱制备线密度为14.5tex的棉细纱;
S3.将制备好的棉细纱在捻线机上包缠在氨纶长丝、橡皮筋或莱卡长丝上,制备包缠纱;
S4.将包缠纱在碳纳米管分散液中浸渍,烘干,重复操作,直到单位长度的电阻不再发生变化;
S5.在冰水浴条件下将步骤S4制备的包缠纱在吡咯溶液中浸泡并震荡,1.5~2.5h后加入氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O,继续震荡1.5~2.5h,制得螺旋纱,将制得的螺旋纱用无水乙醇和去离子水清洗,常温下晾干,备用;
S6.将步骤S5经处理后的螺旋纱在PVA凝胶电解质中浸泡,晾干,制得具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱。
进一步地,步骤S1中所述的棉粗条的纤维长度为28mm,线密度为1.65tex。
进一步地,步骤S1中棉粗条单位长度的电阻不再发生变化时为80Ω。
进一步地,步骤S4中所述碳纳米管分散液的重量百分比为0.3wt%,包缠纱单位长度的电阻不再发生变化时为315Ω。
进一步地,步骤S4中所述重复操作的次数为4次。
进一步地,步骤S5中所述吡咯溶液采用化学方法或电化学方法合成。
作为最优方案,所述化学方法为:配制1mol/L,15mL的吡咯溶液,并加入分散剂CTAB 0.052g,SDBS 0.054g。
进一步地,步骤S6中所述PVA凝胶电解质采用以下方法制备:取酸缓慢滴入去离子水中,搅拌均匀,将PVA加入酸的水溶液中,在温度为85~95℃的水浴锅中搅拌溶解,直至PVA完全溶解,冷却至常温,即为PVA凝胶电解质,其中,所述酸为磷酸或浓硫酸,PVA:酸:去离子水的质量比为1:5:5。
一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱,采用上述的方法制备而成。
本发明中的棉纤维是天然纤维素纤维,来源广泛,以棉纤维为基底的可拉伸传感和电化学特性的纱线具有以下特点:
A.棉纤维柔软,价格低廉,以棉纤维为基底制备多功能纱线,工艺简单,成本低。
B.碳纳米管为一维纳米结构,很好的和棉纤维结合,脱落较少;力学性能突出,满足拉伸等机械强力下保持稳定;导电性能优良,可以对棉纤维进行改性,快速降低棉纤维电阻,实现单位长度电阻为定值;电化学性能突出,满足了制备高性能电容器的需要。
C.聚吡咯易于合成、能量高、能发生可逆的氧化还原反应,作为活性物质制备的超级电容器能量密度大、比容量高、能持续稳定工作。
D.氨纶长丝具有高的断裂伸长、弹性恢复性优良、机械强力大、模量低,满足拉伸、扭转、弯曲等条件下的快速变形,作为包缠纱的芯纱,满足制备拉伸传感及电容的需求。
E.螺旋纱结构特殊,外层纱线以弹簧状结构紧密的缠绕在氨纶芯纱上,拉伸后芯纱因为其本身结构发生运动,外层纱因为弹簧状结构而发生运动,且拉伸后外层导电层纱之间产生空隙,发生分离,电阻发生变化,因此产生传感。
F.芯纱包缠碳纳米管纱,再浸渍碳纳米管,然后聚合吡咯,外面的三层组成一个整体的导电层,由电阻率计算公式ρ=RL/S得R=ρL/S,可知,在电阻率、材料长度一定的情况下,截面积越大,电阻越小,这也是为什么要料电阻降到定值为止,电阻越小,在电化学测试中,离子传输速度越快,测量结果越精确。
本发明具有以下优点:本发明采用以氨纶长丝为芯纱,在外包缠碳纳米管棉细纱并涂覆碳纳米管,然后采用化学原位聚合吡咯的方法制备了弹簧结构螺旋纱,然后在复合纱螺旋纱表面涂覆聚乙烯醇/磷酸凝胶。这种结构的纱线可拉伸,具有传感功能,同时凝胶作为电解质使得纱线具有电容特性,并作为隔膜很好的保护了聚吡咯,减少聚吡咯的脱落,提高了纱线的使用寿命;本发明将拉伸传感和可拉伸的柔性超级电容器两者合二为一,实现了功能多样化。本发明提供的制备方法操作简单、制备方便、成本低、适用于工业化大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为2%以内的拉伸传感测试图;
图2为5%-40%以内的传感测试图;
图3为连续拉伸状态下的测试结果图;
图4为不同伸长下同一扫速(1mV/s)所对应的循环伏安测试结果图;
图5为不同伸长下同一电流密度(0.4mA/cm-2)下的恒流充放电测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述:
实施例1:一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.将棉粗条在碳纳米管分散液中浸泡,超声50min,然后再温度为70℃的烘箱中烘干,剥散,重复操作,直至棉粗条单位长度的电阻为80Ω;其中,所述的棉粗条的纤维长度为28mm,线密度为1.65tex;
S2.通过环锭纺纱制备线密度为14.5tex的棉细纱;
S3.将制备好的棉细纱在捻线机上包缠在氨纶长丝上,制备包缠纱;
S4.将包缠纱在重量百分比为0.3wt%的碳纳米管分散液中浸渍,烘干,重复操作4次,直到单位长度的电阻为315Ω;
S5.配制1mol/L,15mL的吡咯溶液,并加入分散剂CTAB 0.052g,SDBS 0.054g,在冰水浴条件下将步骤S4制备的包缠纱在制备的吡咯溶液中浸泡并震荡,1.5h后加入氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O,继续震荡1.5h,制得螺旋纱,将制得的螺旋纱用无水乙醇和去离子水清洗,常温下晾干,备用;
S6.取酸缓慢滴入去离子水中,搅拌均匀,将PVA加入酸的水溶液中,在温度为85℃的水浴锅中搅拌溶解,直至PVA完全溶解,冷却至常温,即为PVA凝胶电解质,其中,所述酸为磷酸,PVA:酸:去离子水的质量比为1:5:5;将步骤S5经处理后的螺旋纱在PVA凝胶电解质中浸泡,晾干,制得具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱。
实施例2:一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.将棉粗条在碳纳米管分散液中浸泡,超声70min,然后再温度为90℃的烘箱中烘干,剥散,重复操作,直至棉粗条单位长度的电阻为80Ω;其中,所述的棉粗条的纤维长度为28mm,线密度为1.65tex;
S2.通过环锭纺纱制备线密度为14.5tex的棉细纱;
S3.将制备好的棉细纱在捻线机上包缠在橡皮筋上,制备包缠纱;
S4.将包缠纱在重量百分比为0.3wt%的碳纳米管分散液中浸渍,烘干,重复操作4次,直到单位长度的电阻为315Ω;
S5.配制1mol/L,15mL的吡咯溶液,并加入分散剂CTAB 0.052g,SDBS 0.054g,在冰水浴条件下将步骤S4制备的包缠纱在制备的吡咯溶液中浸泡并震荡,2.5h后加入氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O,继续震荡2.5h,制得螺旋纱,将制得的螺旋纱用无水乙醇和去离子水清洗,常温下晾干,备用;
S6.取酸缓慢滴入去离子水中,搅拌均匀,将PVA加入酸的水溶液中,在温度为95℃的水浴锅中搅拌溶解,直至PVA完全溶解,冷却至常温,即为PVA凝胶电解质,其中,所述酸为浓硫酸,PVA:酸:去离子水的质量比为1:5:5;将步骤S5经处理后的螺旋纱在PVA凝胶电解质中浸泡,晾干,制得具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱。
实施例3:一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
S1.将棉粗条在碳纳米管分散液中浸泡,超声60min,然后再温度为80℃的烘箱中烘干,剥散,重复操作,直至棉粗条单位长度的电阻为80Ω;其中,所述的棉粗条的纤维长度为28mm,线密度为1.65tex;
S2.通过环锭纺纱制备线密度为14.5tex的棉细纱;
S3.将制备好的棉细纱在捻线机上包缠在莱卡长丝上,制备包缠纱;
S4.将包缠纱在重量百分比为0.3wt%的二氧化锰分散液中浸渍,烘干,重复操作4次,直到单位长度的电阻为315Ω;
S5.配制1mol/L,15mL的吡咯溶液,并加入分散剂CTAB 0.052g,SDBS 0.054g,在冰水浴条件下将步骤S4制备的包缠纱在制备的吡咯溶液中浸泡并震荡,2h后加入氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O,继续震荡2h,制得螺旋纱,将制得的螺旋纱用无水乙醇和去离子水清洗,常温下晾干,备用;
S6.取酸缓慢滴入去离子水中,搅拌均匀,将PVA加入酸的水溶液中,在温度为90℃的水浴锅中搅拌溶解,直至PVA完全溶解,冷却至常温,即为PVA凝胶电解质,其中,所述酸为磷酸,PVA:酸:去离子水的质量比为1:5:5;将步骤S5经处理后的螺旋纱在PVA凝胶电解质中浸泡,晾干,制得具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱。
实验例:
(1)棉粗条、碳纳米管、吡咯、聚乙烯醇、磷酸、氨纶长丝的选择
实验中,我们选择的棉纤维(28mm,1.65tex)来自江南集团,单壁碳纳米管分散液(0.15wt%)来自先丰纳米生物公司,吡咯(阿拉丁),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),聚乙烯醇(PVA),磷酸(98%),六水氯化铁(FeCL3.6H2O).
(2)实验参数
实验过程中,分别配制60mL 0.05wt%、0.3wt%的碳纳米管分散液,棉纱粗条长度1m,超声时间1h,烘箱温度80℃,棉细纱密度14tex,吡咯的浓度1mol/L,15mL,分散剂CTAB0.052g,SDBS 0.054g,氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O2.02g。水浴锅温度90℃,PVA:磷酸:去离子水的质量比为1:5:5。
(3)实验方法
S1.将1m棉粗条在60mL 0.05%的碳纳米管分散液中浸泡,超声60min,然后再温度为80℃的烘箱中烘干,剥散,重复操作,直至棉粗条单位长度的电阻为80Ω;
S2.通过环锭纺纱制备线密度为14.5tex的棉细纱;
S3.将制备好的棉细纱在捻线机上包缠在氨纶长丝、橡皮筋或莱卡长丝上,制备包缠纱;
S4.将包缠纱在60mL、重量百分比为0.3wt%的碳纳米管分散液中浸渍,烘干,重复操作4次,直到单位长度的电阻为315Ω;
S5.配制1mol/L,15mL的吡咯溶液,并加入分散剂CTAB 0.052g,SDBS 0.054g,在冰水浴条件下将步骤S4制备的包缠纱在制备的吡咯溶液中浸泡并震荡,2h后加入氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O,继续震荡2h,制得螺旋纱,将制得的螺旋纱用无水乙醇和去离子水清洗3次,常温下晾干,备用;
S6.取磷酸10g缓慢滴入10mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,将2g PVA加入磷酸的水溶液中,在温度为90℃的水浴锅中搅拌溶解,直至PVA完全溶解,冷却至常温,即为PVA凝胶电解质,将步骤S5经处理后的螺旋纱在PVA凝胶电解质中浸泡,晾干,重复操作3-5次,制得具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱。
(4)性能测试:同样的两根螺旋纱加捻成一个整体进行拉伸传感和电化学测试,实验结果如下:图1为2%以内的拉伸传感测试图,从图1可见最小可以检测0.1%下的变化,即有很好的灵敏度;图2为5%-40%以内的传感测试结果,从图2可以看到在不同的拉伸状态下,图形规则平滑,在同一拉伸幅度下,相应范围基本相同,且每次都能回到初始状态,表明材料耐疲劳性能优良,使用寿命长久;图3为连续拉伸状态下的测试结果,可分为两部分,0-150%为第一部分,响应因子达到3.57,150%-450%为第二部分,响应因子有所下降,但也达到1.46,呈现两部分主要和材料本身的螺旋结构有关;图4为不同伸长下同一扫速(1mV/s)所对应的循环伏安测试结果,从图4可以看到即使在拉伸100%时,电容几乎没有下降,稳定性优良;图5为不同伸长下同一电流密度(0.4mA/cm-2)下的恒流充放电测试结果,从图5可以发现曲线所围成的面积近似相等,表现出优良的电化学特性。
(5)包缠纱浸泡碳纳米管的次数和电阻的关系
取5cm长的包缠纱在60mL 0.3wt%的碳纳米管分散液中浸泡超声1h,烘干,重复上述步骤,直至单位长度的电阻区域稳定。浸泡次数和电阻的关系如表2所示:
表2:浸泡次数和电阻的关系
Figure BDA0002287377890000061
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
S1. 将棉粗条在碳纳米管分散液中浸泡,超声50~70min,然后再温度为70~90℃的烘箱中烘干,剥散,重复操作,直至棉粗条单位长度的电阻不再发生变化;
S2. 通过环锭纺纱制备线密度为14.5tex的棉细纱;
S3. 将制备好的棉细纱在捻线机上包缠在氨纶长丝、橡皮筋或莱卡长丝上,制备包缠纱;
S4. 将包缠纱在碳纳米管分散液中浸渍,烘干,重复操作,直到单位长度的电阻不再发生变化;
S5. 在冰水浴条件下将步骤S4制备的包缠纱在吡咯溶液或聚苯胺溶液中浸泡并震荡,1.5~2.5h后加入氧化剂FeCL3.6H2O,继续震荡1.5~2.5h,制得螺旋纱,将制得的螺旋纱用无水乙醇和去离子水清洗,常温下晾干,备用;
S6. 将步骤S5经处理后的螺旋纱在PVA凝胶电解质中浸泡,晾干,制得具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述的棉粗条的纤维长度为28mm,线密度为1.65tex。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中棉粗条单位长度的电阻不再发生变化时为80Ω。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述碳纳米管分散液的重量百分比为0.3wt%,包缠纱单位长度的电阻不再发生变化时为315Ω。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述重复操作的次数为4次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中所述吡咯溶液采用化学方法或电化学方法合成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化学方法为:配制1mol/L,15mL的吡咯溶液,并加入分散剂CTAB 0.052g,SDBS 0.054g。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中所述PVA凝胶电解质采用以下方法制备:取酸缓慢滴入去离子水中,搅拌均匀,将PVA加入酸的水溶液中,在温度为85~95℃的水浴锅中搅拌溶解,直至PVA完全溶解,冷却至常温,即为PVA凝胶电解质,其中,所述酸为磷酸或浓硫酸,PVA:酸:去离子水的质量比为1:5:5。
9.一种具有传感和电容特性的螺旋纱,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法制备而成。
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