CN1109821A - 具有可更换的消耗层的窗用层压制品 - Google Patents

具有可更换的消耗层的窗用层压制品 Download PDF

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CN1109821A
CN1109821A CN95102758A CN95102758A CN1109821A CN 1109821 A CN1109821 A CN 1109821A CN 95102758 A CN95102758 A CN 95102758A CN 95102758 A CN95102758 A CN 95102758A CN 1109821 A CN1109821 A CN 1109821A
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film
substrate
laminated product
pellicular cascade
central stack
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CN1071629C (zh
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J·R·克兰马
L·V·杨格
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SHPP Global Technologies BV
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Abstract

一种新型叠层结构，包括一衬底或一中心叠层， 一薄膜或薄膜叠层可更换地粘接到该衬底或中心叠 层。

Description

由城市运输系统工作人员所用的主要窗用（glazing）材料是强化或层压玻璃。在涉及要破损之处，则使用诸如聚碳酸酯之类的更昂贵的塑料窗用材料，因为该类材料象玻璃一样明亮而又真正不会破损。用聚碳酸酯窗的成本可比类似规格玻璃的价格高3或4倍。虽然塑料窗通常比玻璃窗较少破损，但它比玻璃窗更易于因受划痕和破坏行为而遭损害。由于划痕是难以掩饰并即使能掩盖也影响清晰度，故必须更换受划痕或破坏的塑料窗层（glazing）。对于运输方面的应用场合，使用以玻璃为基底的窗层压制品就下列情况而言不是一种合乎要求的选择方案，即一旦玻璃窗层破碎，该窗层材料被损坏的汽车或火车必须立即停止使用，以更换和修理损坏的窗户或窗层材料时。因此问题在于公众安全与方便要求使用较少破损的窗用材料。
窗层压制品是已知的并用于各种不同应用场合。一个实例是汽车安全玻璃，它通常由诸如可塑聚乙烯醇缩乙醛之类的坚固透明塑料内层隔离的两层或两片玻璃组成。在U.S.专利3，406，086，  3，539，442和4，128，694中所描述的层压制品包含有与可塑聚乙烯醇缩乙醛片接触的聚碳酸酯层。一个更近的U.S.专利5，126，208描述了一种非对称玻璃塑料层压制品，其中的塑料可为聚碳酸酯或聚丙烯酸酯。这样这类层压制品相对衬底或可为对称或可为不对称的，该衬底可为诸如玻璃，聚碳酸酯，聚丙烯酸酯之类的若干光学材料之任一种。被层压到衬底的这些材料必须既拥有合乎要求的光学性能，又拥有耐用性，而且这些准则也必须适用于用来实现层与层之间粘接的粘接剂。
本发明属于其一层或多层可方便更换的层压制品。因此，本发明的器件包括一衬底和一薄膜-它们被可更换地彼此粘合，从而有助于薄膜的方便更换。当衬底不是单一材料而是本身为一叠层或一组合叠层时，此后称其为中心（core）叠层。当薄膜不是单一材料而本身是一叠层或一组合叠层时，此后称其为薄膜叠层。
在本发明的一个实施例中，为形成本发明的层压制品所选择的材料不是足够半透明的就是透明的以便用作窗用材料。在本发明的一个具体实施例中，该薄膜层的可更换性产生一种当这类窗用材料已遭损坏或损伤时，易于可修理的窗用材料，同义地使用术语损坏或损伤。
由于该薄膜或薄膜叠层被可更换地粘到衬底或中心叠层的，故本文揭示了层压一种窗层组合物的新方法。构成本发明叠层的薄膜或薄膜叠层的可更换性也使所述叠层损坏或损伤时能修理所述叠层的方法成为可能，否则损坏或损伤了的叠层就不能达到其予期使用目的。
图1为表示叠到一薄膜叠层的中心叠层的本发明窗用叠层的截面视图;
图1a为表示在组装成本发明窗用叠层以前一个中心叠层和一薄膜叠层的窗层压制品的横截面视图;
图2是表示一中心叠层层压到一薄膜叠层的本发明窗用层压制品的横截面视图，其中该中心叠层具有叠到一外表面的附加材料。
图3是表示一中心叠层层压到一薄膜叠层的本发明窗用层压制品的横截面视图，其中中心叠层具有层压到中心叠层内表面和外表面的这种薄膜叠层。
在如图1所示的本发明一个实施例中，具有一任选底剂层5和一硬涂料（hardcoat）层6的衬底4构成一中心叠层，该中心叠层是一要层压到一第二层状组合物的层状组合物，该第二层状组合物为薄膜叠层8，在其一个侧面上有任选底剂层9和硬涂料层10，其另一侧面上为压敏胶7将衬底或中心叠层粘到该薄膜或薄膜叠层。在该实施例中，薄膜或可用作本发明窗用层压制品的内表面或可用作其外表面。
在图1a中示出了为产生本发明层压制品而层压成型以前的图1实施例;更确切地说示出了在可更换地粘合到中心叠层以前，一个另又包含压敏胶层的薄膜叠层。
在如图2所示本发明第二实施例中，如图1所示中心叠层另外又拥有一外部底剂层11和一外部硬涂料层12。在该实施例中，薄膜或薄膜叠层被表示成：处于本发明窗用层压制品的内表面上。
在本发明第三实施例中，如图3所示，在图1所示的窗用层压制品的外侧面上另拥有一外底剂层13，外硬涂层14，层压到借助一层压敏胶15粘接到该窗用层压制品外表面的外薄膜16，任选外薄膜底剂层17和一外硬涂层18上。该外薄膜16，任选外薄膜底剂层17和外硬涂层18组成如本文先前所定义的一薄膜叠层。作为界定内表面和外表面的一个结果，薄膜8成为内薄膜，任选底剂层9成为薄膜的任选内底剂，而薄膜的硬涂料层10成为薄膜的内硬涂料层。所述任选内和外薄膜底剂可完全相同或不同。所述内和外薄膜硬涂料可完全相同或不同。用于将内和外薄膜叠层粘接到衬底的压敏胶可完全相同或不同。
诸附图所示不同实施例无意限制所附权利要求书的范围而是仅为图解说明可从有可更换消耗层（replaceable sacrificial layer）的窗层压制品想出的各种各样的应用。
在需要实用的光透明度的种种应用场合，应对材料的光学性能加以选择。此外，考虑透明度而使用压敏胶，以可更换地将薄膜或薄膜叠层粘合到衬底或中心叠层时，则应将压敏胶如此敷设到薄膜或薄膜叠层，以使薄膜或薄膜叠层与衬底或中心叠层分离时，压敏胶也与衬底或中心叠层分离，从而使得在将一新的或更换的薄膜或薄膜叠层可更换地粘接到衬底或中心叠层之前，衬底或中心叠层已得以清洁和/或光滑。当应用本发明层压制品无需严格要求透明或清澈的场合而采用压敏胶将薄膜或薄膜叠层可更换地粘到衬底或中心叠层时，则该压敏胶可留下作为叠到衬底或中心叠层的一层。
由此产生中心叠层的衬底4选自本领域已知的塑性窗用材料类。所述衬底的最佳窗用材料选自由聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成的那类材料。当衬底4为聚碳酸酯时，则最好可对其添加稳定剂以免其受紫外线辐照的有害影响或象U.S.专利4，278，804等中所教导那样，使硬涂料或任选底剂中含有稳定剂以免紫外光的有害影响。
该任选底剂是本领域已知的一种成分，它使硬涂料能粘接到允许有不同热膨胀系数的衬底上。在那些硬涂料与衬底间的热膨胀系数没有良好配合的情况下，该任选底剂变成理想的因为它促使两层之间的粘合。这种底剂是在U.S.专利4，313，979;  4，395，463;  4，477，499和4，559，271中教导和揭示的主题。更近的U.S专利5，041，313是针对用于制造硅酮硬涂料组合物和底剂组合物从而将该底剂和硬涂料涂敷到一芳烃的热塑衬底的方法。聚碳酸脂即是这样一种芳烃的热塑料。
若在硬涂料和衬底之间的热膨胀系数有足够好的匹配关系，则该任选底剂便变得不是合乎需要的或不必要了。待用来确定运用任选底剂的客观需要性的判断标准是衬底和硬涂料间是否足够粘以致不必要任选底剂去确保良好粘合。这些见解同样适用于薄膜上所使用的硬涂料和任选底剂。当玻璃是衬底或中心叠层的一个组成部分时，在玻璃和诸如底剂和/或硬涂料和薄膜或薄膜叠层的另一层之间的热膨胀系数方面的匹配便变成一个更有意义的问题。应该注意：当薄膜包含聚碳酸酯时，应将紫外线稳定剂加到硬涂料和任选底剂之一或两者。
硬涂料可为本领域已知的若干涂料之一。U.S专利4，478，876揭示了用于涂敷诸如聚碳酸酯，聚酯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，聚丙烯酸酯和带有耐磨硅酮硬涂层的聚酰胺的硬衬底的一种方法。U.S专利3，707，397揭示了用于聚碳酸酯的有机聚硅氧烷硬涂层。U.S专利3，843，390揭示了聚酯三聚氰胺和丙烯酸三聚氰胺硬涂层。U.S专利2，332，461揭示了烯丙基树脂硬涂层。
用于将薄膜或薄膜叠层可更换地粘合到衬底或中心叠层的最佳方法是采用压敏胶。该压敏胶可为若干先有技术已知材料中的任一种。丙烯酸基（Acrylic based）压敏胶公开和能实现于U.S.专利RE24，906;3，558，574，3，535，293和3，299，010中。硅酮基压敏胶公开并能实现于U.S专利2，857，356;2，736，721;和2，814，601中。U.S专利4，791，163提示了一种有机压敏胶和硅酮基压敏胶的水性乳液。新近，U.S专利5，190，827揭示了一种固化成压敏胶的无溶剂有机聚硅氧烷组合物。
在以聚碳酸酯形成衬底和薄膜材料和可更换的粘接剂为压敏胶的本发明层压制品已制成并在运输工具窗用应用中经历了120天试验。本发明层压制品的薄膜或薄膜叠层经上述测试总数已遭损坏但一点未穿透。这样衬底或中心叠层已受到该薄膜或薄膜叠层的保护。因此，这种新的叠层结构满足人们对于运输工具窗用时的长期感觉需要，当它损坏或损伤时既可易于修理，又不象玻璃那样易碎。当将一窗用叠层拆去不用时，从该衬底或中心叠层除去薄膜或薄膜叠层，将一新的薄膜或薄膜叠层可更换地粘接到衬底或中心叠层，则该修好的层压制品便又可使用。
此外，本发明的层压制品与在实际使用基本相同的条件下，经历一加速自然老化试验。在经历与实际使用一年严格相当条件的测试周期后检查该层压制品。观测结果是光学特性无任何损失或色彩方面的变坏。该试验后层压制品在完整性方面也无任何损失，即未观测到任何分层现象。在用于将薄膜或薄膜叠层可更换地粘接到衬底或中心叠层的粘合剂性能方面也没有任何变化。

Claims (11)

1、一种层压制品，包括：
(a)一衬底；
(b)一薄膜；和
(c)用于将所述薄膜可更换地粘接到所述衬底的粘接剂。
2、如权利要求1的层压制品，其特征在于所述衬底选自由聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成的那一族。
3、如权利要求2的层压制品，其特征在于所述薄膜选自由聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成的那一族。
4、如权利要求3的层压制品，其特征在于所述用于可更换地将薄膜粘接到衬底的粘接剂包含一种压敏胶。
5、如权利要求1所述的层压制品，其特征在于所述衬底是一包含以下两层的中心叠层：
（ⅰ）一衬底和
（ⅱ）一硬涂料层，以及所述薄膜为包含一薄膜和一硬涂料层的薄膜叠层。
6、如权利要求5所述的层压制品，其特征在于所述中心叠层还包括一种底剂。
7、如权利要求6所述的层压制品，其特征在于所述薄膜叠层还包括一种底剂。
8、如权利要求5所述的层压制品，其特征在于所述衬底选自包括聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的那一族。
9、如权利要求8所述的层压制品，其特征在于所述薄膜选自包括聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的那一族。
10、如权利要求9所述的层压制品，其特征在于用于可更换地将薄膜叠层粘接到中心叠层的粘接剂包含压敏胶。
11、一种主要包括以下组成的叠层制品：
（a）包含一衬底和一硬涂层的中心叠层，
（b）包含一薄膜和一硬涂层的一薄膜叠层和
（c）用于可更换地将中心叠层粘合到薄膜叠层的粘接剂。
CN95102758A 1994-03-01 1995-03-01 具有可更换的消耗层的窗用层压制品 Expired - Fee Related CN1071629C (zh)

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US5443877A (en) 1995-08-22
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